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mesenteric pseudocyst is a term used to describe abdominal cystic mass without the origin of abdominal organ.(1 ) this has been classified according to embryologic , ehiologic , histologic , and ther data , causing considerable confusion .
it was considered the term mesenteric cyst as merely descriptive , and apply a... | mesenteric pseudocyst is rare .
this term is used to describe the abdominal cystic mass , without the origin of abdominal organ .
we presented a case of mesenteric pseudocyst of the small bowel in a 70-year - old man .
esophago - gastro - duodenoscopy showed a 3.5 cm sized excavated lesion on the posterior wall o... |
hepatitis e virus ( hev ) is a nonenveloped , single stranded rna virus which belongs to the hepeviridae family .
hev is a causative agent for acute hepatitis in one - third of the world 's population and fulminant hepatitis in pregnant women .
the virion is relatively resistant to environmental conditions and rema... | background . knowledge regarding prevalence of hev in general population can be an indicator of the public health and hygiene .
therefore , this study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of hev among adults in south - west of iran .
methods .
blood samples were taken from 510 participants , 206 ( 40.4% ) mal... |
early diagnosis of rib fractures can rapidly indicate the source of thoracic pain and be helpful in pain management of trauma patients .
other than pain , rib fractures have been reported to be associated with morbidity and mortality in elderly patients ( 3 - 5 ) . in most emergency departments ,
ultrasonography is... | introduction : the potential benefit of ultrasonography for detection of thoracic bone fractures has been proven in various surveys but no comprehensive conclusion has been drawn yet ; therefore , the present study aimed to conduct a thorough meta - analytic systematic review on this subject .
methods : two reviewers... |
aortic dissection following coronary angiography and angioplasty is a rare , but potentially fatal complication with an overall reported incidence of 0.01 - 0.04% [ 1 - 3 ] .
the incidence is significantly higher during percutaneous coronary interventions ( 0.12% ) than during elective diagnostic procedures .
moreo... | we report a 63-year - old female with hypertension , hyperlipidemia , and prior pacemaker insertion for atrial fibrillation with symptomatic bradycardia , who was admitted with substernal chest pressure and diaphoresis .
her electrocardiogram revealed atrial fibrillation with demand ventricular pacing and her cardiac... |
a significant percentage of overweight and obese individuals show signs of insulin resistance , up to and including the metabolic syndrome .
overweight individuals with insulin resistance are in turn at increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
cvd has been the leading cause of morbidit... | objectivesmetabolic syndrome is a precursor of diabetes and cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .
walnut ingestion has been shown to reduce cvd risk indices in diabetes .
this randomized controlled crossover trial was performed to investigate the effects of daily walnut consumption on endothelial function and other biom... |
we used the lrn as a conduit to maintain the confidentiality and anonymity of the variola testing sites .
a convenience sample of 45 laboratory workers completed an online survey developed by researchers at the university of nebraska medical center ( omaha , ne , usa ) .
nonidentifying demographic information was c... | to evaluate the need to revaccinate laboratory workers against smallpox , we assessed regular revaccination at the us laboratory response network s variola testing sites by examining barriers to revaccination and the potential for persistence of immunity . our data do not provide evidence to suggest prolonging the reco... |
a 57yearold woman who had initially been implanted with a double chamber pacemaker for complete atrioventricular block was upgraded to crtp at another center after a year due to left ventricular dysfunction and dyspnea .
she was referred to us 3 months after the upgrade due to wound infection by pseudomonas sp caused... | key clinical messagesystemic embolization is a dreaded complication of transvenous lead extraction ( tle ) , even without visible vegetations .
preoperative patent foramen ovale evaluation is important , justifying neurological surveillance or consideration of surgical extraction in selected cases . in case of stroke... |
stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases caused by cerebral vascular blockage or bleeding
cause loss of normal blood circulation in the affected area and anoxia , resulting in
irreversible brain damage which manifests as functional impairments in consciousness ,
movement , senses , recognition , comprehension , ... | [ purpose ] stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases are major causes of adult mobility
problems . because stroke immobilizes the affected body part , balance training uses the
healthy body part to complete the target movement .
the muscle utilization rate on the
stroke affected side is often reduced which fur... |
nine human hereditary neurodegenerative disorders , including huntington 's disease ( hd ) and several spinocerebellar ataxias ( scas ) , are caused by the abnormal expansion of cag repeats located in the translated sequences of different genes ( fig . 1 ) .
for example , hd is triggered by the expression of at le... | in huntington 's disease and other polyglutamine ( polyq ) disorders , mutant proteins containing a long polyq stretch are well documented as the trigger of numerous aberrant cellular processes that primarily lead to degeneration and , ultimately , the death of neuronal cells . however , mutant transcripts containing e... |
with the announcement on 26 october 2011 that eli lilly and company ( indianapolis , in , usa ) was withdrawing drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) from the worldwide market , we witnessed the end of the only drug specifically approved for sepsis .
the move was prompted by the failure of prowess - shock , a large internat... | following the failure of prowess - shock to demonstrate efficacy , eli lilly and company withdrew drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) from the worldwide market .
drotrecogin was initially approved after the original trial , prowess , was stopped early for overwhelming efficacy .
these events prompt consideration of both... |
mouse luecs were immortalized with polyoma middle t antigen and cultured in mcdb131 medium ( gibco ; life technologies ) supplemented with 20% fbs ( invitrogen ) , 2 mm l - glutamine ( lonza ) , 1 mm na - pyruvate ( gibco ; life technologies ) , 100 g / ml heparin ( sigma - aldrich ) , and 50 g / ml ec growth s... | we recently identified a novel role for the l1 transmembrane glycoprotein ( also known as l1cam or cd171 ) in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis and vessels stabilization .
l1 overexpression in cultured endothelial cells of the lung ( luecs ) exerted a pleiotropic effect in that it regulated proliferation , migrati... |
transorbital intracranial injury is rare and may cause serious brain damage and is associated with a high mortality rate .
this type of injury , accounting for 4.5% of all orbital pathology,[35 ] represents 0.04% of all head trauma , 24% of penetrating head trauma in adults , and 45% in children .
penetrating orbit... | transorbital intracranial injury is uncommon , representing 0.04% of penetrating head trauma with a high mortality rate .
orbital penetrating injuries may cause severe brain injury if the cranium is entered , typically via the orbital roof , the superior orbital fissure , or the optic canal .
a 13-year - old male s... |
all study subjects were recruited in a consecutive manner from our glaucoma clinic ; the patients were examined between february and april 2010 at the asan medical center , seoul , korea . on initial evaluation
, all subjects underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination including the recording of medical , ocular ... | purposethe aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with the signal strengths ( ss , image quality scores ) of optic disc and macular images obtained using cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography ( oct).methodsninety - two glaucomatous eyes were imaged using the cirrus oct macular and optic d... |
some studies have shown that colonization of denture inner surfaces by yeasts causes oral and systemic diseases11,23 , particularly in aged and immunodepressed patients and those with reduced salivary flow11,26 .
the mechanical removal of debris with the use of toothbrush , dentifrice and water is a popular cleansing... | the association between a toothbrush and a dentifrice is the most used denture cleaning method .
the purpose of this study was to evaluate the abrasiveness of specific and non - specific denture cleaning dentifrices on different heat - polymerized acrylic resins .
sixteen specimens ( 90x30x3 mm ) of each acrylic re... |
dkk1 is a 29 kda secreted protein belonging to the dickkopf ( dkk ) family , which comprises four main glycoproteins in vertebrates ( dkk1 - 4 ) .
dkk1 has been identified as a potent inhibitor of the canonical wnt signaling due to its ability to bind to the wnt coreceptor lrp5/6 , thus blocking the canonical wnt/-c... | background .
dkk1 antagonizes canonical wnt signalling through high - affinity binding to lrp5/6 , an essential component of the wnt receptor complex responsible for mediating downstream canonical wnt signalling .
dkk1 overexpression is known for its pathological implications in osteoporosis , cancer , and neurodeg... |
it typically improves in the weeks and months after stroke , yet about 50% of patients are left with long - term residual deficits .
few studies have documented the possibility of treatment - induced improvements in post - stroke language functions after 12 months .
traditionally , aphasia interventions utilize com... | backgroundfew studies have documented the possibility of treatment - induced improvements in language functions 12 months or longer after stroke .
the purpose of the current study was to provide a preliminary estimate of efficacy of constraint - induced aphasia therapy ( ciat ) when compared to no - intervention in p... |
this case is more unusual , as the patient was a known case of recurrent patellar dislocation and presented with an atraumatic locked and vertically rotated patellar dislocation .
this type of presentation has never been reported in literature to the best of our knowledge .
a 14-year - old healthy male child with p... | introduction : locked vertical patellar dislocations are rare and pose a therapeutic challenge .
this case is more unusual , as the patient was a known case of recurrent patellar dislocation and presented with an atraumatic locked and vertically rotated patellar dislocation .
this type of presentation has never bee... |
the use of the internet has expanded incredibly across the world over the last few years .
the internet provides remote access to others and abundant information in all areas of interest .
however , maladaptive use of the internet has resulted in impairment of the individual 's psychological well - being , academic... | in recent years , internet addiction disorder ( iad ) has become more prevalent worldwide and the recognition of its devastating impact on the users and society has rapidly increased . however , the neurobiological mechanism of iad has not bee fully expressed .
the present study was designed to determine if the stria... |
compromised renal functions and previous central nervous system ( cns ) disease have been shown to predispose to this neurotoxicity .
we describe a case of acute transient encephalopathy in a patient treated with ceftriaxonefor enteric fever infection .
the present case illustrates the diagnostic challenges and man... | ceftriaxone is a commonly used , third - generation cephalosporin .
encephalopathy is a rare side effect of third- and fourth - generation cephalosporins .
renal failure and previous disease of the central nervous system predispose to this neurotoxicity .
we describe a case of acute transient encephalopathy in a ... |
in the field of medicine , stress is one of the most common complaints among patients1 .
stress may negatively influence the affective state of
an individual , which in turn may exert direct adverse effects on biological processes or
behavioral patterns , thereby increasing the individual s disease risk and pat... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the effect of manual
lymph drainage ( mld ) of the neck on frontal electroencephalogram ( eeg ) asymmetry in
subjects with psychological stress .
[ subjects ] thirteen subjects with psychological stress
participated in the study . [ methods ] ... |
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\begin{d... | in this note we prove that a malcev algebra is 2-supernilpotent ( [ 1 , 1 , 1 ] = 0 ) if and only if it is polynomially equivalent to a special expanded group .
this generalizes gumm s result that a malcev algebra is abelian if and only if it is polynomially equivalent to a module over a ring . |
tumors of the nail apparatus often present a challenge to diagnosis as well as treatment due to the specialized nail anatomy . the nail plate may conceal the tumor as well as alter the tumor growth pattern .
however , alterations in the color , thickness , curvature of the nail plate may often provide a clue .
a 40... | onychomatricoma is a tumor of the nail matrix which often presents with alterations in the nail plate while the tumor itself is concealed beneath the nail plate .
it is a benign , biphasic fibroepithelial tumor which has to be differentiated from other subungual and periungual tumors .
we report a rare case of onyc... |
between 1903 and 1906 , oswaldo cruz , director - general of public health , had devoted his energies to improving sanitary conditions in rio de janeiro , a government priority under the administration of francisco de paula rodrigues alves ( 19026 ) . if yellow fever put a damper on the country s business prospects and... | this article addresses the discussion about quinine - resistant malaria plasmodium in the early decades of the twentieth century . observed by arthur neiva in rio de janeiro in 1907 ,
the biological and social resistance of malaria sufferers to preventive and curative treatment with quinine was corroborated three yea... |
ovarian cancer represents the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the world and causes more deaths per year than any other cancer of the female reproductive system . in advanced disease which constitutes about 75% of women at presentation ,
this has been the approach for some decades , though the 5-ye... | initial surgical management is commonly accepted to date as paramount in the treatment of women presenting with epithelial ovarian cancer and permits the assessment of the disease ( staging ) , the histological confirmation of disease type and grade , and the practice of maximal debulking preceding platinum - based che... |
to report a rare presentation of unifocal langerhans cell histiocytosis ( lch ) simulating a limbal papilloma .
a 24-year - old man presented with a limbal mass in his left eye which had initially been suspected to be a papilloma based on clinical findings .
the mass was excised and a histopathological diagnosis of... | purposeto report a rare presentation of unifocal langerhans cell histiocytosis ( lch ) simulating a limbal papilloma.case reporta 24-year - old man presented with a limbal mass in his left eye which had initially been suspected to be a papilloma based on clinical findings .
the mass was excised and a histopathologica... |
a 2-year - old asian indian female presented to us with mild fever and swelling of the right upper lid of 10 days duration .
there was no history of preceding viral illness or significant medical history necessitating treatment with antibiotics .
cutaneous anthrax was unlikely as there was no history of unexplained... | ecthyma gangrenosum ( eg ) is a cutaneous infection which usually occurs in immunocompromised patients .
we report a case of eg of the eyelid treated with escharotomy and skin grafting , highlighting the importance of surgical management . a 2-year - old asian indian female presented to us with right upper lid edema ... |
in recent years , the results after surgery for rectal cancer in norway , with a 5-year overall survival ( os ) rate of 60.1% , has surpassed that of colon cancer at 57.5% .
this has been achieved because the surgical technique has been standardized according to total mesorectal excision ( tme ) with subsequent drama... | backgrounda national surveillance program of colon cancer treatment was introduced in 2007 .
we examined prognostic factors for colon cancer operated in 2000 with an aim of improving survival in the new program and a special focus on the merit of lymph node yield.methodsa cohort of 269 patients , 152 women ( 56.5% ) ... |
according to the surveillance epidemiology and end results ( seer ) database , the incidence of thyroid cancer , the most prevalent endocrine malignancy , increased in the us between 1975 and 2012 , with estimated 62,450 new cases and 1950 deaths in 2015.1 a rising incidence has also been documented in many other count... | thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy , with over 60,000 cases reported per year in the us alone .
the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased in the last several years .
patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer ( dtc ) generally have a good prognosis .
metastatic dtc can often be... |
stroke is a neurological disease caused by the cutoff of normal blood supply due to vessel
rupture or thrombosis , and it causes brain tissue damage .
motor , sense , recognition ,
language , and perception deficits are typical symptoms of the disease , depending on the
affected areas , size , and the cause of ... | [ purpose ] this study investigated the effect of aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular
facilitation ( pnf ) patterns in the lower extremity on balance and activities of daily
living ( adl ) in stroke patients . [ subjects ] twenty poststroke participants were randomly
assigned to an experimental group ( n = 10 ) ... |
discovery of vitamin k antagonists ( vkas ) in anticoagulation occurred in the 1920s , when the veterinarian frank schofield studied the hemorrhagic disease affecting cattle consuming sweet clover .
karl link and his team studied spoiled sweet clover and , in 1939 , extracted dicumarol and identified the hemorrhagic ... | warfarin is the most widely used medicine for oral anticoagulant therapy ( oat ) .
it inhibits the synthesis of coagulation factors ii , vii , ix , and x in the liver and results in the production of inactive or partially active versions of these factors .
inactive coagulation factors interfere with prothrombin tim... |
recent times have witnessed much turmoil regarding the ' life is sacred at any cost ' maxim .
current technology is capable of indiscriminately maintaining some of the vital functions of the body , but the same technology does not necessarily allow us to heal underlying disease processes .
an unintended side effect... | when patients or their families rarely request inappropriate end of life care in the icu for capricious reasons .
end of life treatment decisions that only prolong discomfort and death are usually emotional and based on unrealistic expectations .
i explore some of those reasons in this paper . |
adult onset still s disease ( aosd ) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder in which high spiking fever , typical skin rash , and polyarthritis occur .
the main biological features are neutrophilic leukocytosis , hyperferritinemia , and negative rheumatoid factor ( rf ) or antinuclear antibodies ( ana ) .
othe... | we report a 25-year - old korean woman with adult onset still s disease ( aosd ) presented with renal amyloidosis , which had developed four years after disease onset .
we successfully treated her with prednisolone , colchicine and cyclophosphamide . a review of the literature uncovered about 10 cases , most of which... |
epilepsy is associated with a two- to three - fold increase in mortality among patients compared with the general population .
sudden unexpected death in epilepsy ( sudep ) is one of the most frequent causes of death among patients with epilepsy .
there is strong evidence suggesting that sudden unexpected death in ... | ictal asystole is a rare , probably underestimated manifestation of epileptic seizures whose pathophysiology is still debated .
this report describes two patients who had cardiac asystole at the end of their seizure .
the first patient was a 13-year - old boy with complex partial seizures ..
his mri showed symmet... |
this condition , which is estimated to affect more than 2 million persons in the u.s . alone , has increased mortality and morbidity compared to the general population [ 2 , 3 ] .
individuals with schizophrenia typically suffer from a combination of debilitating symptoms including hallucinations and delusions and tre... | prenatal / obstetric complications are implicated in schizophrenia susceptibility .
some complications may arise from maternal - fetal genotype incompatibility , a term used to describe maternal - fetal genotype combinations that produce an adverse prenatal environment .
a review of maternal - fetal genotype incomp... |
seventeen obese subjects ( bmi 41.0 1.5 kg / m , age 35.1 1.0 years , 15 female and 2 male , 13 african american and 4 caucasian ) , who were not markedly insulin resistant based on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance score 2.6 ( 21 ) , participated in the study .
potential subjects were interviewed ... | objectivenonnutritive sweeteners ( nns ) , such as sucralose , have been reported to have metabolic effects in animal models . however , the relevance of these findings to human subjects is not clear .
we evaluated the acute effects of sucralose ingestion on the metabolic response to an oral glucose load in obese sub... |
oral infections of geotrichum candidum are clinically similar to candidiasis and commonly associated with diabetes mellitus and hiv infection , . cases of dissemination and fungemia are reported in patients with chronic and acute myeloid leukemia , , , , , , .
old women post - partum with isolated renal calculi and r... | geotrichum candidum is yeast like fungi that cause infections in immunocompromised patients .
we report a case of renal fungal ball with geotrichum candidum in a 27 yr .
old women post - partum .
this case to our knowledge is the first case of renal fungal bezoar due to geotrichum candidum reported in india . |
granulosa cell tumours ( gcts ) though accounting for approximately 70% of malignant sex - cord stromal tumors are rare , comprising only 25% of all ovarian neoplasms [ 13 ] .
these tumours arise from granulosa cells that are hormonally active stromal elements in close association with ovarian oocytes , which are res... | background . granulosa cell tumors ( gcts ) , representing ~2% of ovarian tumours ,
are poorly understood neoplasms with unpredictable and undetermined biological behaviour .
design .
5 unusual presentations of gct and a retrospective 14-year ( 19972011 ) surgical pathology review based on patient sex , age , tum... |
under the name of lymphoproliferative disorders various disease patterns are included which are characterized by the expansion of a lymphoid clone more or less differentiated .
the application in recent times , of immunological methods for determining the phenotype of many cell components , together with the acquisit... | lymphoproliferative disorders are heterogeneous malignancy characterized by the expansion of a lymphoid clone more or less differentiated . at the level of the oral cavity , the lymphoproliferative disorder can occur in various ways , most commonly as lymphoid lesions with extranodal externalization , but sometimes , o... |
the prevalence of diabetes in korea has increased six- to sevenfold from 1.5 to 9.9% over the past 40 years .
the number of people with diabetes worldwide is expected to increase 11.4% from 366 million in 2011 to 552 million by 2030 , affecting one in 10 adults .
this global increase in the prevalence of diabetes w... | the prevalence of diabetes in korea has increased six- to sevenfold over the past 40 years with its complications becoming major causes of morbidity and mortality .
the rate of death among patients with diabetes is about twice as high as that among persons without diabetes and the most common cause of death is cardio... |
we make observations and based upon these observations we make empirical predictions . in the engineering sciences
this is often be reduced to formulae and mathematical modelling which can be used predictively to design newer and better engineered products however orthodox medicine has been struggling to develop such... | the cost of diagnosing and treating disease continues to rise inexorably .
almost every new test adds to the complexity and cost of healthcare . there is a need for better and less expensive screening , diagnostic and scanning techniques .
medical scanning technologies are based upon the body 's response to an exte... |
technological advances in computed tomography ( ct ) have made chest ct a fast and accurate , and therefore extensively used imaging technique in trauma patient care [ 1 , 2 ] . although the utility of ct for detection of chest injuries is primarily demonstrated in severely injured patients ,
this widespread use dese... | purposethe purpose of this study was to derive parameters that predict which high - energy blunt trauma patients should undergo computed tomography ( ct ) for detection of chest injury.methodsthis observational study prospectively included consecutive patients ( 16 years old ) who underwent multidetector ct of the che... |
many different chemotherapy regimens were therefore developed.13 however , little is known on the feasibility and efficiency of chemotherapy for these cancer types in patients with severe renal failure.46 only case reports on the pharmacology of irinotecan in patients with colon or rectal cancer are available at presen... | we present the first case report of a complete response of metastatic gastroesophageal cancer in a chronic hemodialysis patient with irinotecan - based chemotherapy .
an elderly dialysis patient presented with diffuse liver metastases by a gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma .
he received combination chemotherapy with ... |
the fully differentiated cells of the rat mammary parenchyma , the ductal epithelial , alveolar , and myoepithelial cells , are distinguished by their ultrastructure and by their accumulation of immunocytochemically detectable marker proteins .
the different cell types probably develop from primative ductal structure... | |
the number of elderly people aged 65 years and older has been increasing worldwide , and the aging of the population is particularly rapid in japan . in 2007 , the japanese orthopaedic association proposed the concept of locomotive syndrome ( ls ) , which refers to the conditions under which people require or may soo... | backgroundpreviously , we demonstrated that glucosamine - containing supplementation was effective for improving locomotor functions , especially walking speed .
however , the biomechanical mechanism of efficacy has not been elucidated .
this study aimed to address this challenge in subjects with knee pain , using ... |
metabolic syndrome ( mets ) is a growing concern among patients with schizophrenia1 because metabolic adverse events are widely regarded as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases2,3 and mortality.4,5 although the causes of metabolic adverse events are complicated , the risk factors among patients with schizoph... | backgroundmetabolic syndrome is a growing concern among patients with schizophrenia because metabolic abnormalities are widely regarded as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death .
the current study assessed attitudes toward metabolic adverse events among patients with schizophrenia.methods... |
giant cell tumor ( gct ) is a tumor found most often in the ends of long bones and is essentially located in the epiphyseal or metaphyseal or epiphyseal equivalent portions of bone .
it is a locally aggressive neoplasm , generally arising in adults between the ages of 20 and 40 years , clinically possessing metastati... | giant cell tumor of bone also known as osteoclastoma is a distinct clinical , roentgenographic and pathologic entity with specific characteristics .
it is a benign but locally aggressive neoplasm , classically seen as a purely lytic lesion of the epiphyseal or metaphyseal - epiphyseal region of long tubular bones ext... |
ovarian tumors of borderline malignancy , borderline ovarian tumors ( bot ) , constitute about 10 - 15% of all epithelial ovarian malignancies ( 1 ) .
however , conservative treatment might be considered in patients who want to preserve their fertility because of the excellent prognosis reported ( 2 , 3 ) . although ... | to evaluate the outcomes of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation ( coh)-in vitro fertilization ( ivf ) such as clinical pregnancy rate ( cpr ) , implantation rate ( ir ) and live birth rate ( lbr ) for infertile patients with borderline ovarian tumor ( bot ) after conservative treatment , 10 ivf cycles in five patients ... |
the formation of long lasting memories appears to depend upon enduring changes in the strength of neurotransmission that alters cellular mechanisms thus reconfiguring neural circuitry and communication [ 16 ] .
this review describes the relationship among extracellular matrix ( ecm ) molecules , cell adhesion molecul... | the premise of this paper is that increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases ( mmps ) permits the reconfiguration of synaptic connections ( i.e. , neural plasticity ) by degrading cell adhesion molecules ( cams ) designed to provide stability to those extracellular matrix ( ecm ) proteins that form scaffolding s... |
place the aluminum heat sink inside the 22.96 cm ( 9 " ) pie pan approximately 2 cm from the side of the pan , as shown in figure 1c . using a black marker pen , mark holes for the aluminum heat sink .
note : if the aluminum block ( purchased at a local scrap metal shop or online at http://www.onlinemetals.com ) does... | the coupling of cryo - light microscopy ( cryo - lm ) and cryo - electron microscopy ( cryo - em ) poses a number of advantages for understanding cellular dynamics and ultrastructure .
first , cells can be imaged in a near native environment for both techniques .
second , due to the vitrification process , samples ... |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) , as a common problem in the elderly , is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality throughout the world.1 it is characterized by chronic obstruction of expiratory flow affecting peripheral airways , and is often associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema , th... | objectivethe nutritional status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) patients is associated with their exercise capacity . in the present study , we have explored the relationship between nutritional risk and exercise capacity in severe male copd patients.methodsa total of 58 severe copd male patients were... |
in exposure or risk assessments , both environmental and biological measurements are often used .
environmental measurements are an excellent means for evaluating regulatory compliance , but the models used to estimate body burden from these measurements are complex .
unless all possible routes of exposure ( i.e. ,... | |
fundamental concepts in psychology and philosophy of the mind are the notion of sensation and perception . when a stimulus produces an effect on different sensory receptors it induces sensation .
subsequent interpretation and organization of this sensory stimulus produce a meaningful experience of the world and of on... | there are pathophysiological , clinical , and treatment analogies between phantom limb pain and phantom sound ( i.e. , tinnitus ) .
phantom limb pain commonly is absent in dreams , and the question arises whether this is also the case for tinnitus .
a questionnaire was given to 78 consecutive tinnitus patients seen... |
atlantoaxial instability ( aai ) may be caused by trauma , arthritis , tumor , infection , or congenital malformation316 ) .
atlantoaxial stabilization resulted from bony fusion is needed to correct deformities and prevent neurological impairment .
the surgical method of c1 - 2 transarticular screw fixation was int... | objectivebilateral c1 lateral mass and c2 pedicle screw fixation ( c1lm - c2p ) is an ideal technique for correcting atlantoaxial instability ( aai ) .
however , the inevitable situation of vertebral artery injury or unfavorable bone structure may necessitate the use of unilateral c1lm - c2p .
this study compares t... |
lymphoepithelioma is a term used to designate an undifferentiated malignant epithelial tumor of the nasopharynx that is histologically distinctive because of a markedly prominent lymphoid infiltrate ( 1 ) .
carcinomas with similar histological features arising outside the nasopharynx are called lymphoepithelioma - li... | a 78-yr - old woman presented with gross hematuria for 2 weeks .
on cystoscopy , a frond - like mass was observed at the bladder trigone .
transurethral resection of bladder tumor was performed for the mass .
histopathological findings showed that 90% of lesions were lymphoepithelioma - like carcinoma ( lelca ) a... |
prostaglandins ( pg ) are a family of structurally related eicosanoids that have regulatory roles in normal physiological as well as pathological contexts .
cyclooxygenase enzymes catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to pgh2 , which is converted to other prostanoid species including pgd2 , pge2 , pgf2 , prosta... | pgd2 is formed from arachidonic acid by successive enzyme reactions : oxygenation of arachidonic acid to pgh2 , a common precursor of various prostanoids , catalyzed by cyclooxygenase , and isomerization of pgh2 to pgd2 by pgd synthases ( pgdss ) .
pgd2 can be either pro- or anti - inflammatory depending on disease p... |
cancer dormant cell theory takes the view that activation of resting cells is the key factor causing cancer metastasis .
recent studies indicate that resting cells can be activated through escaping immune surveillance when immune function is weakened and that energy used for cell revivals can be provided by the newbo... | persistently increasing incident of cancer in human beings has served to emphasize the importance of studies on mechanism of antitumor substances .
chlorogenic acid ( ca ) , extracted from folium cortex eucommiae , has been confirmed to have lots of biological activities encompassing inhibition of tumor .
however ,... |
it is a major social and economic scourge in tropics and subtropics of africa , asia , western pacific and parts of america affecting over 120 million people in 80 countries .
the disease is endemic all over india especially in uttar pradesh , bihar , jharkhand , andhra pradesh , orissa , tamil nadu , kerala and guja... | background : filariasis is a major health problem in tropical countries including india .
fine needle aspiration cytology plays an important role in prompt recognition of disease.aim:to assess the role of fine needle aspiration cytology ( fnac ) in diagnosis of filariasis at all possible sites.materials and methods :... |
stroke accounts for approximately 11% of all deaths worldwide and is the most common cause of adult - acquired disability . among all stroke cases ,
ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage ( ich ) account for about 8085% and 1520% , respectively .
intravenous thrombolysis by using tissue plasminogen activator ... | backgroundautologous bone marrow stromal cells ( bm - scs ) transplantation might be a potential therapy for stroke .
although a series of clinical trials were performed to assess the effectiveness and safety of bm - scs transplantation after ischemic stroke , the results are still conflicting . this study aimed to p... |
percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( pnl ) is the gold standard for treating patients with kidney stones over 2 cm in diameter .
it has replaced open surgeries due to equal efficacy , less morbidity , and higher patient acceptance . however , the most common complications are still urine extravasation , infection , and ble... | backgroundpercutaneous nephrolithotomy ( pnl ) is the standard procedure for patients with renal stones over 2 cm in diameter .
we analyzed complications after this procedure focusing on two different methods of tract dilation.material/methodsbetween august 2008 and april 2016 222 percutaneous nephrolithotomies were ... |
pelvic organ prolapse ( pop ) and overactive bladder ( oab ) symptoms are important problems for women .
pop is a prevalent problem which has been reported to affect 50% of parous women .
eleven percent of the women will have undergone an operation for prolapse or urinary incontinence by the age of 80 .
oab is kn... | introduction and hypothesisto study the prevalence and risk factors of overactive bladder ( oab ) symptoms and its relationship with symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse ( pop).methodsthis is a cross - sectional study including women aged between 45 and 85 years , registered in eight general practices .
all women were ... |
antitumor necrosis factor ( tnf ) biologics appeared over a decade ago in the armamentarium for inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) .
originally evaluated in crohn 's disease ( cd ) and thereafter in ulcerative colitis ( uc ) , their efficacy was demonstrated in both diseases and has deeply modified the management of ... | since their appearance in the armamentarium for inflammatory bowel disease ( ibd ) more than a decade ago , antitumor necrosis factor ( tnf ) inhibitors have demonstrated beneficial activity in induction and maintenance of clinical remission , mucosal healing , improvement in quality of life , and reduction in surgerie... |
a major task for evolutionary biology has been to develop and test theories for the origin of novelty that are consistent with the fundamental genetic principles of gradual populational change .
novelty , however , is a loaded term with many different definitions that include or exclude a variety of morphological cha... | the origin of novelty is a critical subject for evolutionary biologists .
early geneticists speculated about the sudden appearance of new species via special macromutations , epitomized by goldschmidt s infamous hopeful monster .
although these ideas were easily dismissed by the insights of the modern synthesis ,... |
caries activity usually causes tooth decay or cavities and can even lead to the loss of afflicted teeth , which is particularly harmful to children 's growth and development . the world health organization ( who ) reported that 6090% of schoolchildren worldwide experience caries , with the disease being most prevalent ... | objectives : childhood obesity / underweight status and caries are both important public health problems .
this study aims to investigate the caries status and its association with body weight in 8-year - old children in qingdao , china.materials and methods : we initiated a cross - sectional investigation on 744 chi... |
the development and function of mammals , like that of any multicellular organism , depends on intercellular communication .
classically , this occurs either through direct cell - to - cell interaction bringing together cell surface proteins or , at a distance , through secreted soluble molecules binding to cell surf... | exosomes are small extracellular vesicles , which stem from endosomes fusing with the plasma membrane , and can be recaptured by receiving cells .
they contain lipids , proteins , and rnas able to modify the physiology of receiving cells .
functioning of the brain relies on intercellular communication between neura... |
patients with symptomatic sciatic hernias commonly present with flank , abdominal , pelvic , lower back or thigh pain .
most asymptomatic patients have been treated conservatively , while surgery has been reserved for symptomatic patients .
we describe a case revealed by left hydronephrosis with severe left back pa... | ureterosciatic herniation , the protrusion of the hernia sac through the sciatic foramen , is an extremely rare cause of ureteral obstruction .
we describe a case revealed by severe left back pain in a 72-year - old female .
she was referred to our hospital for urological assessment of left hydronephrosis observed ... |
the randomized , controlled clinical trial is an attempt to minimize bias introduced by the knowledge of treatment allocation and , thereby , come to reliable conclusions regarding the hypothesis tested .
many interventional , randomized , controlled clinical trials need to assume that randomization distributes basel... | background : data have highlighted the potential bias introduced by withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids at randomization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease trials examining inhaled corticosteroids .
analyses were conducted to determine whether this was true of inhaled anticholinergic withdrawal in tiotropium ... |
telepathology is defined as the practice of pathology at a distance , transmitting macroscopic and/or microscopic images via telecommunication links for ( 1 ) remote interpretations ( telediagnosis ) , second opinions or consultations ( teleconsultation ) , and educational purposes ( teleconferencing ) . with the wides... | several modes of telepathology exist including static ( store - and - forward ) , dynamic ( live video streaming or robotic microscopy ) , and hybrid technology involving whole slide imaging ( wsi ) . telepathology has been employed at the university of pittsburgh medical center ( upmc ) for over a decade at local , na... |
obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) is a public - health problem as it affects at least 10% of the middle aged men and represents a main cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality .
an independent association between osa , insulin resistance , and type 2 diabetes has been consistently demonstrated by a number of cro... | objective . intermittent hypoxia ( ih ) is a major component of sleep apnea syndrome as its cardiometabolic complications have been mainly attributed to ih . the pathophysiology is still poorly understood but there are some similarities with the obesity - associated cardiometabolic complications . as the latter results... |
tuberculosis ( tb ) is one of the main reasons of mortality and morbidity globally and it kills about two million people annually .
there are different diagnostic methods but they have some drawbacks . to prepare mycobacterium culture , which is the golden standard for tb diagnosis , it may take 8 weeks .
finding a... | background : in some studies , the level of adenosine deaminase ( ada ) in sputum and effusion liquids was used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis ( tb ) .
but it is not always possible to access these materials .
the goal of this study is to assess the diagnostic value of serum ada levels in pulmonary tb patients.m... |
androgen deprivation therapy ( adt ) by bilateral orchiectomy or gonadotropin - releasing hormone analogs , with or without antiandrogens , is indicated as front - line treatment in metastatic prostate cancer , as well as in the adjuvant setting following radical prostatectomy with nodal metastasis or radiation therapy... | backgroundprostate cancer subjects with prostate - specific antigen ( psa ) relapse who are treated with androgen deprivation therapy ( adt ) are recommended to have baseline and serial bone densitometry and receive bisphosphonates .
the purpose of this community population study was to assess the utilization of bone... |
all adults had bmi > 40 kg / m , and all obese children had a bmi > 97th percentile for sex and age ( table 1 ) .
three hundred forty - five french morbidly obese adults were recruited by the cnrs umr8090 at lille and the department of nutrition of paris hotel dieu hospital .
we also sequenced 287 swiss morbidly ob... | objectivesingle nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) in intron 1 of fat mass and obesity - associated gene ( fto ) are strongly associated with human adiposity , whereas fto/ mice are lean and fto+/ mice are resistant to diet - induced obesity .
we aimed to determine whether fto mutations are disproportionately represen... |
in the last 30 years , we have made great strides in the treatment of ms .
we have developed and brought to market seven disease - modifying medications to reduce the frequency of ms relapses and slow the accumulation of irreversible disability , and many therapies are available to control ms - related symptoms . how... | gait and balance measures have particular potential as outcome measures in multiple sclerosis ( ms ) because , of the many hallmarks of ms disability , gait and balance dysfunction are present throughout the course of the disease , impact many aspects of a person 's life , and progress over time .
to highlight the im... |
harmony among the skeletal , dental , and soft - tissue structures is a prerequisite for good occlusion .
disharmony in these structures results in malocclusion.1 for proper intercuspation , the teeth must be proportional in size .
if teeth are mismatched , with unusually large teeth in one arch compared to the oth... | background : for proper intercuspation , the teeth must be proportional in size . if teeth are mismatched , with unusually large teeth in one arch compared to the other , then an ideal occlusion can not be attained .
this study has been done to determine the prevalence of tooth size discrepancies among orthodontic pa... |
anti--tubulin mouse monoclonal antibody ( sigma - aldrich corp ) , anti - arf6 mouse monoclonal antibody ( santa cruz biotechnology , inc ) , anti - rab11 rabbit polyclonal antibody , anti - tfr mouse monoclonal antibody ( invitrogen corp ) , anti - eea-1 mouse monoclonal antibody and anti - gm130 mouse monoclonal anti... | recycling endosomes are key platforms for endocytic recycling that return internalized molecules back to the plasma membrane . to determine how recycling endosomes perform their functions , searching for proteins and lipids that specifically localized at recycling endosomes
has often been performed by colocalization ... |
low back and neck pain are commonly seen in the workplace , and are the two most common
spinal problems encountered in clinical practice . back and
neck pain are important clinical
conditions that can limit the ability to perform routine daily activities , decrease
productivity , and negatively affect quality o... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to compare patients with low back and neck pain
with respect to kinesiophobia , pain , and quality of life .
[ subjects and methods ]
three - hundred patients with low back ( mean age 43.211 years ) and 300 with neck pain ( mean
age 42.810.2 years ) were included in t... |
current situation is the result of the increasing number of cases of patients being diagnosed in an extended state of the disease ( ca 70% of cases local extent ) and its frequent occurrence in elderly people ( 50% above 65 years old , 30% 70 years old ) , who are usually stressed with coexisting diseases . in these c... | purposeto present comparison of treatment plans made by using 2d and 3d methods in the planning system , as well as to assess the quality of treatment plans using the 2d and 3d methods.material and methodsthe studies involved a group of 31 patients with advanced lung cancer treated in the brachytherapy department of th... |
hip resurfacing arthroplasty ( hra ) is a conservative alternative to total hip arthroplasty in a young and active patient , with the midterm survival reported between 95% and 96% .
clinical outcomes in hip resurfacing have been shown to be dependent on both patient selection and surgical technique .
femoral neck f... | background : the use of computer navigation has been shown to improve the accuracy of femoral component placement compared to conventional instrumentation in hip resurfacing . whether exposure to computer navigation improves accuracy when the procedure is subsequently performed with conventional instrumentation without... |
continuous efforts by researchers and constant addition of literature minimized the aura of one of the deadliest disease , that is , oral malignant melanoma ( omm ) . as a result , the new innovative approaches came to existence and this became the first step to successful treatment against this disease .
the disease... | according to the world health organization , oral malignant melanoma ( omm ) is a rare disease , accounting for only 0.8% of all melanomas , 8% of head and neck melanomas , and up to 0.5% of all oral malignancies .
omm presents as a pigmented lesion with asymmetrical borders , irregular surface characteristics , and ... |
urinary tract infection ( uti ) is one of the most common clinical syndromes encountered in general and gynecological practices .
adult women ( 4050% ) have a history of at least one episode of uti in their lifetime .
community acquired infection is caused by escherichia coli , klebsiella pneumoniae , proteus mirab... | background : urinary tract infection ( uti ) is among the most common infections described in outpatient setting and hospital patients . in almost all cases empirical antimicrobial treatment initiates before the laboratory results of urine culture are available ; thus antibiotic resistance may increase in uropathogens ... |
it is well established that high - risk ( hr ) human papillomavirus ( hpv ) types are causative
for the development of cervical cancer [ 13 ] .
the majority of hpv infections
are cleared without further consequences for the host , but some infections with
hr - hpv types may give rise to high - grade cervical in... | aims . we investigated the effect of hr - hpv infection on the capacity of the cytokine network in whole blood cultures during carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma .
methods .
thirty - nine women with moderate dysplasia , severe dysplasia , cervical carcinoma , or without dysplasia formed the study group .
the co... |
damage - associated molecular patterns ( damps ) are endogenous molecules that can perpetuate inflammatory responses during cell stress or injury .
the ecm glycoprotein tn - c , is specifically induced upon tissue injury [ 1 , 2 ] and infection [ 3 , 4 ] and upregulated in septic patients . tlr4-mediated tn - c expre... | tenascin - c ( tn - c ) , an extracellular matrix ( ecm ) glycoprotein , is specifically induced upon tissue injury and infection and during septic conditions .
carbon monoxide ( co ) gas is known to exert various anti - inflammatory effects in various inflammatory diseases .
however , the mechanisms underlying the... |
type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion [ 1 , 2 ] .
metabolic proinflammatory disorder including chronic hyperglycemia and increased levels of circulating cytokines suggests immunological disturbances [ 37... | objective .
the aim of this study was to investigate the changes of regulatory t cells ( treg ) , interleukin-6 ( il-6 ) , il-10 , transforming growth factor- ( tgf- ) , and tumor necrosis factor - alpha ( tnf- ) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) .
methods .
we performed a comprehensive search u... |
antioxidant deficiency contributes to develop and aggravate various chronic diseases , including copd which is sensitive to oxidative stress .
supplementation with vitamin c , as an antioxidant , improves antioxidant status in copd.1 several epidemiologic studies2,3 and prospective studies4,5 revealed protective effe... | backgroundvitamin c , as an antioxidant , has recently been suggested to provide protection against copd ; however , only few national cohort studies have investigated these effects .
we aimed to confirm the protective effects of vitamin c against copd in korean patients.patients and methodswe analyzed the data of 3,... |
tobacco use has fallen in many high - income countries , at least in men , but is now rising rapidly in many low- and middle - income countries such as china .
thirty - eight percent of the world 's smokers are chinese , especially chinese men who smoke one - third of the world 's cigarettes , with 52.9% smoking prev... | the aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between chronic smoking and insulin resistance and -cell function in chinese men without diabetes .
a total of 1,568 participants were recruited by multistage sampling .
using homeostatic model assessment ( homa ) , geometric means of insulin resistance ( homa ... |
a stool sample was obtained from a healthy 2-year - old boy living in senegal .
the stool was sent to and frozen in marseille at 80c until laboratory culture isolation .
strain sit12 was isolated in may 2015 by cultivation on marine medium in anaerobic atmosphere after 21 days incubation .
growth of the strain w... | murdochiella massiliensis strain sit12 (= csur p1987 = dsm 29078 ) is the type strain of m. massiliensis sp .
nov .
this bacterium was isolated from the stool of a healthy 2-year - old senegalese boy .
m. massiliensis is an anaerobic , gram - positive coccus .
the genome size of m. massiliensis strain sit1... |
posterior vitreous detachment ( pvd ) is a common phenomenon frequently related with aging of ocular structures .
the presence of persistent vitreomacular adhesions exerting tractional forces ( vitreomacular traction , vmt ) may be associated with the development of macular hole ( mh ) [ 2 , 3 ] .
these alterations... | the paper presents a review of the sequence of events of posterior vitreous detachment ( pvd ) , vitreomacular adhesion ( vma ) , vitreomacular traction ( vmt ) , and macular hole ( mh ) from their pathophysiological aspects , clinical features , diagnostic implications , and current management strategies .
a treatme... |
hydrocephalus is an entity which embraces a variety of diseases whose final result is the enlarged size of cerebral ventricular system , partially or completely . among usual classifications ,
the most important are those who differ the communicating from non - communicating and congenital from acquired .
its preva... | hydrocephalus is an entity which embraces a variety of diseases whose final result is the enlarged size of cerebral ventricular system , partially or completely .
the physiopathology of hydrocephalus lies in the dynamics of circulation of cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) . the consequent csf stasis in hydrocephalus interf... |
oct is an emerging medical imaging technology which enables cross - sectional imaging of tissue microstructure in situ and in real - time .
oct can achieve 110 m resolutions and 12 mm penetration depths , approaching those of standard excisional biopsy and histopathology , but without the need to remove and process t... | since optical coherence tomography ( oct ) was first demonstrated in 1991 , it has advanced significantly in technical aspects such as imaging speed and resolution , and has been clinically demonstrated in a diverse set of medical and surgical applications , including ophthalmology , cardiology , gastroenterology , der... |
seventy patients of ages 7 months to 11 years were included , of whom 59 ( 84% ) were < 5 years of age . during the study ,
of these , one died within 15 min of admission , and two died within the first 24 h after admission .
one patient of age 2.5 years had severe neurologic sequelae 28 days after discharge , co... | parenteral artesunate ( ars ) is the drug of choice for the treatment of severe malaria .
pharmacokinetics data on intramuscular ars are limited with respect to the main treatment group that carries the highest mortality , namely , critically ill children with severe malaria . a population pharmacokinetic study of ar... |
laparoscopic pyelolithotomy was successfully performed in a pelvic kidney with an operative time of 310 minutes .
the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy and a semi - automatic suturing device greatly facilitated the procedure .
the patient 's operative pain was managed with 3 doses of ketorolac ; she resumed a re... | the anatomical characteristics of an ectopic kidney can pose significant challenges to the treatment of calculous disease .
this report examines the feasibility of a laparoscopic approach for management of a large renal calculous in a pelvic kidney and reviews current literature regarding this subject . |
bspp : bisulfite padlock probe ; charm : comprehensive high - throughput arrays for relative methylation ; cimp : cpg island methylator phenotype ; esc : embryonic stem cell ; fda : food and drug administration ; help : hpaii tiny fragment enrichment by ligation - mediated pcr ; mca : methylated cpg island amplificatio... | dna methylation of promoter cpg islands is strongly associated with gene silencing and is known as a frequent cause of loss of expression of tumor suppressor genes , as well as other genes involved in tumor formation .
dna methylation of driver genes is very likely outnumbered by the number of methylated passenger ge... |
exercise is one of the most powerful non - pharmacological method of affecting cells and
organs in the body1 .
regular aerobic and
resistance exercise training has a positive long - term impact on the cardiovascular system ,
which is a biologically complex adaptive system that is characterized by a variety of
... | [ purpose ] occlusion training with low - intensity resistance exercises and blood flow
restriction increases muscle cross - sectional area and strength .
this form of training is
used in rehabilitation ; therefore , the aim of this study was to examine the effect of one
occlusion training session on the cardio... |
body language reading is of immense importance for adaptive social behavior and non - verbal communication .
healthy perceivers are able to infer emotions and dispositions of others represented by point - light body movements that minimize availability of other cues ( pollick et al . , 2001 ;
atkinson et al . , 200... | body motion is a rich source of information for social cognition . however , gender effects in body language reading are largely unknown . here
we investigated whether , and , if so , how recognition of emotional expressions revealed by body motion is gender dependent .
to this end , females and males were presente... |
aripiprazole is the third generation atypical antipsychotic and a dopamine serotonin system stabilizer ( dss ) that is effective against positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia .
it has a low propensity for extrapyramidal side effects , causes minimal weight gain or sedation , produces no elevation in serum p... | aripiprazole is the third generation atypical antipsychotic and a dopamine serotonin system stabilizer ( dss ) effective against positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia .
it has a low propensity for extrapyramidal side effects , causes minimal weight gain or sedation , produces no elevation in serum prolactin... |
venous thromboembolism ( vte ) occurs to be one of the most serious complications after undergoing total joint arthroplasty.1 ) generally , pulmonary thromboembolism is generated as the secondary by - product from deep vein thrombosis ( dvt ) while its emergence may possibly trigger the chronic thromboembolic pulmonary... | patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty frequently develop post - operative complication , such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism .
however , it is not common coexisting deep vein thrombosis , pulmonary thromboembolisms , right atrial thrombus and acute cerebral infarction raised by thrombus ... |
non - alcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) , the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome , includes a spectrum of diseases ranging from simple steatosis , through steatohepatitis ( nash ) , to fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis ( 1 , 2 ) . the disease definition and modalities used for diagnosis and epidemiology ... | background : recent genome - wide association studies ( gwas ) identified that gene lysophospholipase - like 1 ( lyplal1 ) rs12137855 associated with non - alcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) .
no research has been performed regarding the association between lyplal1 and nafld in china.objectives:the aim of the pr... |
a 2-year - old boy was transferred to the emergency department approximately 4 hours after having severe head trauma with loss of consciousness . on physical examination
, he had a right temporoparietal scalp laceration and subgaleal hematoma ; the child had a status of decerebrate rigidity .
brain ct showed intrav... | hyperostosis frontalis interna is an unexplained irregular thickening of the inner table of the frontal bone .
hyperostosis frontalis interna was first identified in 1719 by morgagni as a symptom of a more generalized syndrome characterized by virilism and obesity .
most current studies have shown hyperostosis fron... |
since the seminal report on lung protective strategy published by amato et al . in the new england journal of medicine in 1998 , whether or not and in what ways the different strategies of mechanical ventilation affect the clinical outcome of ards patients remains a controversial topic among physicians and researcher... | the mortality rate among patients suffering acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) remains high despite implementation at clinical centers of the lung protective ventilatory strategies recommended by the international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock , 2012 .
this suggests that such s... |
head and neck cancer is the sixth most common type of cancer in the world , representing about 6% of all cancer cases . worldwide ,
more than half a million head and neck cancer cases and 320,000 deaths due to head and neck cancer are estimated to occur each year , and it is the eighth cause of cancer mortality in th... | backgroundtreatment compliance of elderly patients to intensive multi - modality cancer therapy can be challenging and has not been adequately addressed in developing countries .
the present study evaluated compliance of elderly head and neck carcinomas patients to cancer - directed therapy.methodsforty-seven elderly... |
as a service to our authors and readers , this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors .
such materials are peer reviewed and may be reorganized for online delivery , but are not copyedited or typeset .
technical support issues arising from supporting information ( other than missing files )... | abstractmacrocyclization can be used to constrain peptides in their bioactive conformations , thereby supporting target affinity and bioactivity . in particular , for the targeting of challenging protein
protein interactions , macrocyclic peptides have proven to be very useful .
available approaches focus on the st... |
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