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hypertension is common in hemolytic uremic syndrome ( hus ) , and often difficult to control in an acute stage .
malignant hypertension associated with hus leads to reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome , seizures , heart failure , and other adverse consequences which increase the morbidity and mortality of th... | hypertension is common in hemolytic uremic syndrome ( hus ) and often difficult to control .
local renin - angiotensin activation is believed to be an important part of thrombotic microangiopathy , leading to a vicious cycle of progressive renal injury and intractable hypertension .
this has been demonstrated in vi... |
in 2009 , a 52-year - old woman presented with a single lesion on her nose , which started as a papule , referred to sedighe tahereh clinic , isfahan , iran . the lesion had existed for a period of 14 months and was slowly increasing in size , enlarging to a plaque .
the diagnosis of leishmaniasis was confirmed with ... | leishmaniasis is a protozoan infection due to organisms of the genus leishmania .
the differential diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis includes arthropod bites , basal cell carcinoma ( bcc ) and other malignancies .
bcc is the most common form of skin cancer .
we present a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis resista... |
a 60-year - old man was admitted because of visual disturbances and ocular pain following penetrating keratoplasty in the right eye for a corneal chemical burn . on slit lamp examination
, we observed a feather - like corneal opacity , corneal infiltrations , and epithelial defects .
subconjuctival amphotericin b (... | we describe two patients with fungal keratitis refractory to standard antifungal therapy whose conditions were managed with voriconazole.the first case is a patient with endophthalmitis and corneal ulcer due to candida parapsilosis after receiving a corneal transplant .
the patient was treated with amphotericin but s... |
liver plays a pivotal role in detoxification of xenobiotics , environmental pollutants , and chemotherapeutic agents . for this reason , this organ
acetaminophen ( apap ) is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic which is currently the most frequent cause of drug - induced hepatic failure in the united states with i... | background : hepatotoxicity by acetaminophen is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in many countries .
prosopis farcta beans extract ( pfe ) has some antioxidant property and may alleviate hepatotoxicity .
therefore , the aim of this study was to evaluate effects of pfe against acetaminophen - induced h... |
melamine ( 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine , cas # 108 - 78 - 1 ) was first prepared and described by liebig in 1834 ( 1 ) and has since become an increasingly important chemical commodity .
most of the melamine production is used in the fabrication of melamineformaldehyde resins ( 2 ) .
the first analytical methods ... | the recent melamine crisis in china has pointed out a serious deficiency in current food control systems , namely , they specifically focus on selected known compounds .
this targeted approach allowed the presence of melamine in milk products to be overlooked for a considerable time .
to avoid such crises in the fu... |
fatigue is a transitional state between awake and sleep which manifests itself as lack of alertness and deteriorated mental or physical performance and often associated with drowsiness .
road accidents due to fatigue are often much more severe than other crashes , since the driver reaction time increases ( 1 ) .
dr... | background : driver fatigue is one of the major implications in transportation safety and accounted for up to 40% of road accidents .
this study aimed to analyze the eeg alpha power changes in partially sleep - deprived drivers while performing a simulated driving task.methods:twelve healthy male car drivers particip... |
there are many published reports of malfunction of the inner tube of the bain co - axial circuit , with potentially lethal complications for the patient .
the following case report describes a case where profound hypercapnia occurred consequent to avulsion of the inner tube of the co - axial circuit at the machine en... | the bain co - axial circuit is fully established in general anaesthesia practice .
a major concern is the potential malfunctioning of the circuit due to avulsion of the inner fresh gas delivery tube at the machine end of the circuit .
the following case report presents a case in which a patient connected to the bai... |
we attempted to estimate the perceived degree of urgency of the visit and to identify reasons for seeking non - urgent care in the ped by patients and parents .
a prospective survey was completed by parents ( for children 17 and younger ) and patients ( 18 - 21 ) presenting to a suburban academic ped that sees approx... | objectives : pediatric emergency department ( ped ) patients often present with non - urgent complaints .
we attempted to estimate the perceived degree of urgency of the visit and to identify reasons for seeking non - urgent care in the ped by patients and parents.methods:a prospective survey was completed by parents... |
suicide of which the literal meaning is to kill oneself is an act of intentionally causing one 's own death .
the reasons are mostly related with some mental disorders such as depression , bipolar disorder , schizophrenia , alcoholism , or sometime drug abuse .
the triggering factor is stress which is many times ... | background : suicide is an act of intentionally causing one 's own death .
number of suicidal incidences is proportional to attempted suicide cases hence if attempt cases are reduced , number of suicidal death can also be decreased and for that purpose risk factors should be identified and reduced . therefore , this ... |
single - cell microorganisms
( scm ) constitute an emerging alternative
to source high - value lipids for a series of growing markets demanding
low - cost , high - quality alternatives .
scm as a broad class display
a series of advantages when compared to plants and animals as lipid
sources .
in addition ... | in recent years attention has been
focused on the utilization of
microorganisms as alternatives for industrial and nutritional applications .
considerable research has been devoted to techniques for growth , extraction ,
and purification of high - value lipids for their use as biofuels and
biosurfactants as w... |
large elastic arteries in the central region and medium - sized muscular arteries have two functions , i.e. , they act as low resistance conduits and as flow pulsation buffers ( 1 ) .
moreover , a reduction in buffering capacity may increase systolic blood pressure ( bp ) , left ventricular afterload , and pulsatile ... | arterial stiffness is an important contributor to the development of cardiovascular disease .
we investigated the effect of short duration exercise using the treadmill test on arterial stiffness in the presence of coronary artery disease .
we enrolled patients with and without coronary artery diseases ( cad and con... |
with cataract surgery regarded as the most widely performed surgical procedure , a demand exists for continued innovation and technology .
the latest advances evolved through application of well - defined principles to current surgical goals and patient expectations .
for example , femtosecond laser technology emer... | technology in cataract surgery is constantly evolving to meet the goals of both surgeons and patients .
recent major advances in refractive cataract surgery include innovations in preoperative and intraoperative diagnostics , femtosecond laser - assisted cataract surgery ( flacs ) , and a new generation of intraocula... |
epilepsy is the most common serious neurological disorder of young people affecting nearly 3.4 million individuals in europe .
societal costs are considerable as individuals with medically intractable seizures make up a third of the epilepsy population . more than eu15 billion is spent annually on the treatment of ep... | aim . to evaluate the utility of a seizure care pathway for seizure presentations to the emergency department ( ed ) in order to safely avoid unnecessary admission and to provide early diagnostic and therapeutic guidance and minimize length of stay in those admitted
. methods .
3 studies were conducted , 2 baseline... |
after getting the university ethics committee 's approval , a prospective case - control study was conducted .
all patients who admitted to the boo - ali hospital , zahedan , southeastern iran , with a clinical suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis or non tuberculous pulmonary infections from september 2006 to august 2... | background : despite recent technologic improvements in identifying mycobacterium tuberculosis , we are still facing problems in rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis .
the objective of this study is to determine the diagnostic value of a new rapid screening test ( patho - tb ) for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.metho... |
a 14-year - old , domestic shorthair cat was treated for transient diabetes mellitus for 3 months with glargine insulin , which was discontinued when the diabetes mellitus resolved .
approximately 36 months later the diabetes mellitus recurred and glargine insulin was restarted . within 23 mins of the first injection... | case summarya 14-year - old , domestic shorthair cat was treated for transient diabetes mellitus for 3 months with glargine insulin , which was discontinued when the diabetes mellitus resolved .
approximately 36 months later the diabetes mellitus recurred and glargine insulin was restarted . within 23 mins of the fir... |
furthermore , it is the most common cause of antenatal hospital admission.1 the incidence of preterm birth rate in us was 12% in 2011.2,3 at siriraj hospital , a tertiary care in central part of thailand , the preterm birth rate was 9.4% in 2004 and 13.7% in 2010.4 srinagarind hospital is another tertiary care center i... | objectivethis study aims to assess the success rate of inhibiting preterm uterine contraction with tocolytic agents to delay delivery for at least 48 hours and risk factors of failure inhibition.materials and methodsbetween january 2013 and july 2014 , medical records of all singleton pregnant women between 24 0/7 and ... |
achalasia is a primary esophageal motor disorder of unknown etiology characterized by selective loss of inhibitory neurons in the esophageal wall , resulting in insufficient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and loss of esophageal peristalsis.1,2 jackhammer esophagus is a newly introduced term to describe pa... | it has been suggested that patients with certain motility disorders may progress overtime to develop achalasia .
we describe a 66 year - old woman who presented with dysphagia for solids and liquids for a period of 18 months .
her initial workup showed normal endoscopy and non - specific esophageal motility disorde... |
the international cancer genome consortium ( icgc ) is a multidisciplinary , multi - institutional collaborative effort aiming to systematically and comprehensively characterize somatic mutations in 50 different cancer types and subtypes ( 1 ) .
five hundred tumor genomes , as well as matched normal control genomes f... | the international cancer genome consortium ( icgc ) is a collaborative effort to characterize genomic abnormalities in 50 different cancer types . to make this data available
, the icgc has created the icgc data portal .
powered by the biomart software , the data portal allows each icgc member institution to manage... |
a 64-year - old male patient who had been on diabetes medication with no other particular medical history visited the clinic for symptoms of chillness , and his temperature was measured to be 38.8. an abdomical ct revealed a 6-cm abscess surrounding a pseudoaneurysm of about 4 cm near the right internal iliac artery , ... | mycotic aneurysm is a disease requiring immediate treatment because of the high risk of rupture
. a difficult surgical approach , especially in the case of occurrence on the iliac artery , involving endovascular embolization and extra - anatomic bypass grafting , is known to be a suitable treatment .
we performed e... |
microarray data is deposited at the ncbi gene expression omnibus ( geo ) database under geo series accession number gse52552 ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=gse52552 ) .
to gain insight in the mechanisms of complement resistance in m. catarrhalis , the transcriptional response of m. catarrhalis st... | the complement system is an important part of the innate defense against invading pathogens ( blom et al . , 2009 ; [ 1 ] ) .
the ability to resist complement - mediated killing is considered to be an important virulence trait for the human - restricted respiratory tract pathogen moraxella catarrhalis , as most disea... |
rectal varices are not an uncommon manifestation in cirrhosis with portal hypertension . however , serious bleeding from rectal varices is uncommon . because of its rarity ,
several authors have reported the utility of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ( tips ) placement to control such bleeding when loca... | in patients with portal hypertension , bleeding from rectal varices is rare .
however , it can be life - threatening .
we report a case of massive bleeding from large rectal varices in a 59-year - old man with alcoholic cirrhosis .
emergent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ( tips ) placement was perf... |
with an ageing population , alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) and related neurodegenerative disorders represent a serious social and economic threat to most societies .
the cost of caring for an increasing number of people with dementia continues to rise . at present
, there are an estimated 30 million people with dement... | modifier screening is a powerful genetic tool .
while not widely used in the vertebrate system , we applied these tools to transgenic mouse strains that recapitulate key aspects of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , such as tau - expressing mice .
these are characterized by a robust pathology including both motor and me... |
fluoro refers to
both fluorescent and fluorinated
compounds . despite the shared prefix , there are very few fluorescent
molecules that are soluble in perfluorinated solvents .
this paucity is surprising , given that optical microscopy is a ubiquitous
technique throughout the physical sciences and the orthog... | |
as the number of patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms has increased , more attention has been given to the primary prevention of the aneurysm rupture4 ) .
endovascular intervention , one of the major treatment modalities , has begun to catch up with and surpass the surgery in the number of cases treated , base... | objectivemicroscopic indocyanine green ( icg ) angiography is useful for identifying the completeness of aneurysm clipping and the preservation of parent arteries and small perforators .
neuroendoscopy is helpful for visualizing structures beyond the straight line of the microscopic view .
we evaluated our prototyp... |
red eye is a common eye sign / symptom presenting to the general physicians , other eye care workers , and the ophthalmologist .
this symptom accounts for approximately 15% of consultations for ophthalmologists and 6% for general medical practitioners in eastern europe .
it also accounted for 40% of all outpatients... | background : red eye is a very common presenting complaint in clinical practice among all age groups , including adolescents .
health habits formed during adolescence is carried to adulthood and is often a consequence of their perception .
this study , therefore , determined the perception of students toward the re... |
auricular acupuncture is a diagnostic and treatment system based on normalizing the body 's dysfunction through stimulation of points on the ear . resulting amelioration of pain and illness
is believed to be through the reticular formation and the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems ( 1 ) .
ear acupunct... | auricular acupuncture is a diagnostic and treatment system based on normalizing the body 's dysfunction through stimulation of definite points on the ear .
rudimentary forms of acupuncture which probably arose during the stone age have survived in many parts of the world right down to present day .
it was used in t... |
in this dataview , we look at the sponsors of health care , providing statistics on business , household and government health spending . the companion article , national health expenditures , 1995
( levit et al . , 1996 ) presents health care expenditure data in an accounting structure that describes the size , cur... | for the period 1990 - 95 , we will present data on health care spending by business , households , and government . in addition , we will measure the relative impact of these expenditures on each sector 's ability to pay . in 1994 and 1995 ,
health care costs experienced the slowest growth in 3 decades .
combined w... |
we developed a sensitive and accurate analytical method for quantifying methyleugenol ( me ) in human serum .
our method uses a simple solid - phase extraction followed by a highly specific analysis using isotope dilution gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry .
our method is very accurate ; its lim... | |
it can be developmental or acquired and rarely may be associated with temporomandibular joint ( tmj ) ankylosis .
it has been only occasionally reported since then , probably due to its usually asymptomatic nature . in 1941 , hrdlicka reported the first cases of bmc in 21 specimens from an unspecified number of dried... | bifid condyle is a rare anatomic variation of mandibular condyle .
it can be symptomatic or diagnosed incidentally on routine radiographic examination .
no definite etiologic factor has been identified .
it is suggested that bifid condyle could be a developmental anomaly or secondary to trauma .
we are reportin... |
this retrospective study included 343 glaucoma subjects who were examined at the glaucoma clinic of the asan medical center .
patients who met our inclusion criteria of at least three years of follow - up and seven or more reliable vf measurements were consecutively enrolled by medical record review .
eyes that und... | purposeto compare the clinical characteristics of unilaterally progressing glaucoma ( upg ) and simultaneously bilaterally progressing glaucoma ( bpg ) in medically treated cases.methodsprimary open angle glaucoma patients were classified as having upg or bpg according to an assessment of optic disc and retinal nerve f... |
diabetes is the most common metabolic disease , with an increasing prevalence that reduces life expectancy to a third ( 1 , 2 ) .
there are 200 million people with diabetes worldwide ( about 5% of adult population ) ( 3 ) . according to a nationwide study in 2001 ,
the prevalence of diabetes in iran was estimated a... | background : frequency of mood disorders in patients with chronic diseases , especially diabetes and its effects on life quality are dramatically increasing.objectives:this study aimed to investigate the relation between depression and quality of life in patients with diabetes.patients and methods : this is a cross sec... |
we first tested the proposed strategy by designing a symmetric rna dna hybrid dx motif ( fig .
, there are two parallel hetero - duplexes that are joined together at two points where strands cross over from one duplex to the other .
the dx motif is composed of five nucleic acid strands : one central , long , two t... | dna has recently been used as a programmable smart building block for the assembly of a wide range of nanostructures .
it remains difficult , however , to construct dna assemblies that are also functional .
incorporating rna is a promising strategy to circumvent this issue as rna is structurally related to dna but... |
inflammation frequently complicates intraocular surgery and can result in pain , elevated intraocular pressure , and cystoid macular edema ( cme).13 cme is the most common cause of vision loss after uncomplicated cataract surgery and although its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood , inflammation is a known ca... | background : the purpose of this review was to provide a critical appraisal of the literature supporting the efficacy of ophthalmic ketorolac ( acuvail ) in the treatment of pain and inflammation after cataract surgery.methods:literature search and expert opinion of the authors.results:recent studies indicate greater i... |
malaria , which is caused by a protozoan parasite of the plasmodium genus , represents a serious global health concern given that nearly half of the world population is at risk of infection ( who , 2014 ) .
although several anti - malarial drugs for treating the symptomatic stage ( or blood stage ) of malarial infect... | chloroquine , long the default first - line treatment against malaria , is now abandoned in large parts of the world because of widespread drug - resistance in plasmodium falciparum . in spite of its importance as a cost - effective and efficient drug , a coherent understanding of the cellular mechanisms affected by ch... |
governments across the developed world are concerned with enabling older people to maintain their active contribution to society , and thereby their quality of life ( qol).1 qol has become a commonly used end point in the evaluation of multisector public policy , including health , social , community and environmental ... | backgroundmost measures of quality of life ( qol ) are based on expert opinions .
this study describes a new measure of qol in older age , the older people 's qol questionnaire ( opqol ) , which is unique in being derived from the views of lay people , cross - checked against theoretical models for assessment of com... |
myiasis , the infestation of organs and tissues of human and animals with fly larvae , is a common phenomenon especially in people of tropical and subtropical areas . in spite of occasional reports of obligatory myiasis ,
the majority of reported cases are facultative myiasis and more than a dozen families of flies c... | myiasis is the infestation of organs and tissues of human and animals with fly larvae .
this article reports an 18 year - old man with urogenital myiasis , the passing of live megaselia scalaris larvae in the urine , from zanjan city , northwest of iran .
we discourse the importance of diagnosis and management of u... |
although malaria is preventable and curable , it still causes high morbidity and mortality ( 1 ) . according to the recent 2013 who report ,
globally an estimated of 3.4 billon people are at risk of malaria . in this report , who estimated 207 million malaria cases and 627,000 deaths occurred globally in 2012 ( 2 )
... | background : parasite lactate dehydrogenase ( pldh ) is extensively employed as malaria rapid diagnostic tests ( rdts ) . moreover ,
it is a well - known drug target candidate .
however , the genetic diversity of this gene might influence performance of rdt kits and its drug target candidacy . this study aimed to d... |
the fundamental problems with the personality disorders ( pd ) diagnostic system in the previous version of dsm , such as all - or - nothing diagnostic categories , considerable heterogeneity within categories , extensive overlap or comorbidity among categories , indistinct boundaries with normal personality , and inco... | background : fundamental problems with personality disorders ( pd ) diagnostic system in the previous version of dsm , led to the revision of dsm . therefore , a multidimensional system has been proposed for diagnosis of personality disorder features in dsm-5 . in the dimensional approach of dsm-5 , personality disorde... |
homeostasis of the brain is maintained owing to its rigidly controlled communication with the peripheral tissues .
entry of metabolites from the periphery to the brain is controlled by the blood brain barrier ( bbb ) .
the major structural constituents of the bbb are the cerebral microvascular endothelial cells , a... | ammonia is a neurotoxin involved in the pathogenesis of neurological conditions associated with hyperammonemia , including hepatic encephalopathy , a condition associated with acute(alf ) or chronic liver failure .
this article reviews evidence that apart from directly affecting the metabolism and function of the cen... |
focal and diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis reveal the most common histologic lesions observed on renal biopsies from patients with iga nephropathy ( igan ) .
however , histologic variability is also observed in this disease , which is the same as with lupus nephritis . in some cases ,
endocapillar... | iga nephropathy ( igan ) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide , accounting for approximately 3040% of patients undergoing renal biopsy in asia .
the characteristic and diagnostic lesion of igan is the deposition of glomerular iga .
the morphological lesions observed by light microscopy are extrem... |
chronic total occlusion of coronary arteries ( cto ) is observed in 35%50% of patients with significant coronary artery disease ( cad ) undergoing diagnostic angiography .
percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) for cto has become a widely accepted treatment strategy and accounts for up to 20% of all pcis [ 36 ] .... | backgroundqt dispersion ( qtd ) , which is a measure of inhomogeneity of myocardial repolarization , increases following impaired myocardial perfusion .
its prolongation may provide a suitable substrate for life - threatening ventricular arrhythmias .
we investigated the changes in qtd and heart rate variability ( ... |
ocular cicatricial pemphigoid ( ocp ) is an uncommon , chronic autoimmune disease that affects mucous membranes , particularly the conjunctiva.1 the disease typically results in chronic conjunctivitis and causes conjunctival and corneal scarring , which can result in limbal stem cell deficiency and blindness.2 adequate... | a 64-year - old caucasian male complaining of redness and tearing for 3 years in both eyes was referred for evaluation of cicatricial conjunctivitis .
ocular cicatricial pemphigoid was suspected and this diagnosis was confirmed through biopsy .
the patient s condition showed moderate improvement following treatment... |
the incidence of endometrial cancer has remained stable , but the number of deaths annually from this disease has doubled since 1987 . despite the fact that many gynecologists believe endometrial cancer is harmless , when compared stage by stage , 5-year survival is identical to that of cervical cancer , which is consi... | objective : the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopy in the management of early stage endometrial cancer.methods:fifty-two patients with endometrial cancer who underwent surgical staging consisting of total hysterectomy , bilateral salpingo - oophorectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection , ... |
a mild
catalytic asymmetric direct fluoro - arylation of styrenes
has been developed .
the palladium - catalyzed three - component coupling
of selectfluor , a styrene and a boronic acid , provides chiral monofluorinated
compounds in good yield and in high enantiomeric excess .
a mechanism
proceeding throu... | |
genetic analysis of phenotypes and diseases has traditionally followed two approaches : family - based linkage analysis and population - based association studies . while in linkage analysis it is the co - segregation of alleles in families that is measured , population - based studies use non - random associations bet... | admixture is an important evolutionary force that can and should be used in efforts to apply genomic data and technology to the study of complex disease genetics .
admixture linkage disequilibrium ( ald ) is created by the process of admixture and , in recently admixed populations , extends for substantial distances ... |
acyl - coa thioesterases ( acots ) represent a group of enzymes that metabolise acyl - coa esters to their corresponding non - esterified fatty acid and coenzyme a ( coash ) .
in addition to ' acyl - coa thioesterases ' , these enzymes also have been described as ' acyl - coa hydrolases ' , ' acyl - coa thioester hyd... | the acyl - coa thioesterase gene ( acot ) family encodes enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of acyl - coa thioester compounds , also known as activated fatty acids , to their corresponding non - esterified ( free ) fatty acid and coenzyme a ( coash ) .
these enzymes play a very important role in lipid metabolism by... |
a colony was established from soybean and cowpea field collections of n. viridula in stoneville , ms , during the spring and the summer of 2010 .
this colony has been maintained in culture for 5 years at the usda - ars national biological control laboratory .
after approximately 40 generations in culture , three or... | nezara viridula adult coloration can vary , including a rare orange - colored type ( i.e. , n. viridula f. aurantiaca ) . in november 2015
, three nezara viridula males displaying orange coloration were found in an established colony in stoneville , ms .
the objectives of this study were to determine if alleles of ... |
peritoneal dialysis ( pd ) therapy has increased in popularity since the end of the 1970s .
the method was developed as an alternative to hemodialysis ( hd ) presenting a patient survival rate equivalent to hd and better preservation of residual renal function .
currently , the two principal causes of technique fai... | peritoneal dialysis therapy has increased in popularity since the end of the 1970s .
this method provides a patient survival rate equivalent to hemodialysis and better preservation of residual renal function . however , technique failure by peritonitis , and ultrafiltration failure , which is a multifactorial complic... |
the incidence of this cancer varies throughout the world with the highest rates in developed communities ( 1 ) .
the gold standard for detection and surveillance of bladder cancers are cystoscopy and urine cytology ( 2 ) . despite its benefit ,
cytology has low sensitivity , particularly for detection of low grade ... | backgroundvarious markers are suggested for diagnosis and monitoring of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder ( tcc ) , including cytokeratins ( cks).objectivesin the present study , the circulating ck18 ( m65 ) and its caspase - cleaved form , ccck18 ( m30 ) , have been investigated in a group of patients with tc... |
spinal dural arteriovenous fistula ( sdavf ) is a rare neurological disease with an estimated frequency of 510 cases per million per year .
it is caused by a subdural shunt between a radiculomeningeal artery and a radicular vein , leading to impaired venous drainage from the spinal cord and the arterialization of the... | subdural arteriovenous fistula ( sdavf ) is a rare condition characterized by clinical manifestations ranging from mild bilateral sensory deficits to quadriplegia .
the diagnosis is often delayed due to unspecific neurological symptoms , initially diagnosed as polyneuropathy or myelopathy .
the diagnosis can be del... |
the world health organization ( who ) has estimated that about 17 million people die annually from cardiovascular disease worldwide , which accounts for approximately 33% of all deaths .
in addition , 9.4 million deaths are attributed to complications of hypertension . according to who statistics in 2008 , hypertensi... | abstractproteinuria in hypertension is an early marker of renal disease and a predictor for the progression of end stage renal disease , and cardiovascular diseases .
this study was designed to determine the prevalence of proteinuria and its association with cardiovascular risk factors among adult hypertensive patien... |
the vast majority of cancers in the oral cavity are squamous cell carcinomas ( scc)its evolution is influenced by host immune response cells ( e.g. , cd8 t , cd4 t , natural killer cells - nk , dendritic cells - dc , macrophages , and eosinophils ) .
the eosinophils are considered as destructive effector leukocytes... | the eosinophil cell has been related as a prognostic indicator for cancers .
however , its exact function in tumour behaviour is still not clearly defined . in the oral cavity
the presence of eosinophils can be a favourable prognostic indicator as well as it may be associated with a poor prognosis . in this short r... |
the kcps is a prospective cohort study of korean government employees , public and private school teachers , and their dependents who were insured by the korean medical insurance corporation , the former national health insurance corporation ( 16,17 ) .
the cohort includes 1,329,525 koreans ( 846,907 men and 482,618 ... | objectivealthough diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) and mortality , the dose - response relationship between fasting glucose levels below those diagnostic of diabetes with cardiovascular events has not been well characterized.research design and methodsa prospective cohort study of more than... |
in october 2011 , the u.s . national science advisory board for biosecurity ( nsabb ) was asked to review two papers for their potential as dual - use research of concern ( durc ) .
these papers contained results on the adaptation of the highly pathogenic avian influenza a / h5n1 virus to mammalian hosts such that it... | abstractthe national science advisory board for biosecurity ( nsabb ) has recommended that two scientific papers concerning the laboratory adaptation of avian h5n1 influenza virus to mammal - to - mammal respiratory transmission restrict their content to prevent others from replicating their work .
after hearing from... |
pneumococcal infections are especially dangerous for children and adults with immunodeficiencies , such as hiv , or with illnesses such as chronic cardiac disease and diabetes.1 pneumococcal vaccination has therefore been recommended for persons at high risk of severe illness or complications .
asthma was first ident... | backgroundalthough asthma has recently been established as a risk factor for pneumococcal disease ( pd ) , few studies have specifically evaluated this association in children.methodswe conducted a nation - wide population - based cohort study of the effect of asthma on childhood pd among all singleton live births in d... |
according to protocol analysis of co - variance reduced - antigen - content diphtheria tetanus and acellular pertussis vaccine filamentous hemagglutinin geometric mean concentration serious adverse event total vaccinated cohort
pertussis is a highly infectious disease and remains an important worldwide public health ... | reduced - antigen - content diphtheria - tetanus - acellular pertussis ( dtpa ) vaccine , boostrix , is indicated for booster vaccination of children , adolescents and adults .
the original prefilled disposable dtpa syringe presentation was recently replaced by another prefilled - syringe presentation with latex - fr... |
to identify the possible barriers to the implementation of pharmaceutical care among community and hospital pharmacists in enugu state using nsukka and enugu metropolis as a case study .
the questionnaires were distributed to community and hospital pharmacists from designated areas during one of their quarterly meeti... | objective : to identify the possible barriers to the implementation of pharmaceutical care among community and hospital pharmacists in enugu state using nsukka and enugu metropolis as a case study.method:a semi structured questionnaire was designed to carry out a cross sectional descriptive study .
the questionnaires... |
we retrospectively evaluated 128 consecutive young adults who were under 40 years of age and who had undergone a ccta evaluation with 64-slice multidetector ct ( mdct ) as a screening test for detecting cad during a general health evaluation from january 2006 to may 2008 .
we excluded 16 subjects who had chest pain o... | objectivewe aimed at evaluating the prevalence and ct characteristics of occult coronary artery disease ( cad ) in young korean adults under 40 years of age by performing coronary ct angiography ( ccta).materials and methodswe retrospectively enrolled 112 consecutive asymptomatic subjects ( 90 men , mean age : 35.6 3.... |
several risk factors such as contact lens wear , trauma , ocular surface disease , ocular surgery , and systemic disease have been reported to predispose patients to corneal infections .
management of microbial keratitis commonly involves obtaining corneal scrapings for microbiological studies , and then , empiric br... | abstractwe conducted a retrospective , cross - sectional study to analyze predisposing factors , clinical features , and microbiological characteristics of patients with microbial keratitis hospitalized over 10 years.the medical records of 558 patients who were diagnosed with microbial keratitis and admitted to chang g... |
the human rights act of 1977 followed by the privacy act of 1982 were the first legislative acts to protect personal information across the canadian public sector ( peekhaus 2008 ) . in 1987 , at a time when the hiv epidemic was gaining momentum across canada , the freedom of information and protection of privacy act w... | in the process of receiving perinatal care , women living with hiv ( wlwh ) in canada have experienced disclosure of their hiv status without their express consent .
this disclosure often occurs by well - intentioned healthcare providers ; however , from the perspective of wlwh , it is a breach of confidentiality and... |
in 2005 , cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) was the underlying cause of death in 864,480 of the approximately 2.5 million total deaths in the united states [ 1 , 2 ] .
cvd is the leading cause of death and the most costly disease in america and is expected to increase in costs to $ 1.48 trillion by 2030 .
although the... | cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women in the united states .
aging is a primary risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease as well as cardiovascular - related morbidity and mortality .
aging is a universal process that all humans undergo ; however , research in aging is limite... |
the mycotoxic nephropathy ( mn ) is a renal disorder caused by alimentary ingestion of secondary fungal metabolites possessing nephrotoxic properties and encountered in feeds / foods / forages made mainly from cereals or fibrous plants , and kept in storehouse conditions and increased humidity . since its discovering t... | various etiological factors contributing to the development of mycotoxic nephropathy in farm animals and humans are reviewed .
the possible synergistic effect between ochratoxin a ( ota ) and other mycotoxins , as penicillic acid ( pa ) and fumonisin b1 ( fb1 ) , contributing to this nephropathy is also considered an... |
distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms , also known as pericallosal artery ( pa ) aneurysms , are located on the anterior cerebral artery distal to the anterior communicating artery .
these aneurysms represent approximately 6% of all intracranial aneurysms and 4% of those that rupture49 ) .
furthermore , they we... | objectiveaneurysms arising from the pericallosal artery ( pa ) are uncommon and challenging to treat .
the aim of this study was to report our experiences of the endovascular treatment of ruptured pa aneurysms.methodsfrom september 2003 to december 2013 , 30 ruptured pa aneurysms in 30 patients were treated at our in... |
cardiac implantable electronic device ( cied ) implantation continues to grow with permanent pacemaker implantation in the usa increasing by 56% between 1993 and 2009 . in europe
, there has been a 75 and 115% increase in implantable cardiac defibrillator ( icd ) and cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker / defi... | aimsthe number of procedures involving upgrade or revision of cardiac implantable electronic devices ( cieds ) is increasing and the risks of adding additional leads are significant .
central venous occlusion in patients with pre - existing devices is often asymptomatic and optimal management of such patients in need... |
the incidence of age - related diseases is rising , seriously affecting the health of millions of people around the world . according to the united nations ( un ) and the world health organization ( who ) musculoskeletal , rheumatic , and arthritic conditions are leading causes of morbidity and disability throughout th... | the incidence of age - related musculoskeletal impairment is steadily rising throughout the world .
musculoskeletal conditions are closely linked with aging and inflammation .
they are leading causes of morbidity and disability in man and beast .
aging is a major contributor to musculoskeletal degeneration and th... |
a patient 's journey may begin with transfer from an ambulance to the emergency room and then sometimes continues to surgery and intensive care followed by a general ward .
intensive care is designed and meant for the sickest patients with potential life threats and vital organs dysfunction ; it requires advanced mon... | background . organizing and performing patient transfers in the continuum of care is part of the work of nurses and other staff of a multiprofessional healthcare team .
an understanding of discharge practices is needed in order to ultimate patients ' transfers from high technological intensive care units ( icu ) to g... |
microglia are macrophage - like resident immune cells in the central nervous system ( cns ) and possess both neurotoxic and neuroprotective function .
microglia accumulate in the lesions of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders , such as alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , parkinson 's disease , and multiple sclerosis ,... | microglia are multifunctional immune cells in the central nervous system ( cns ) . in the neurodegenerative diseases such as alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) ,
accumulation of glial cells , gliosis , occurs in the lesions .
the role of accumulated microglia in the pathophysiology of ad is still controversial .
when ne... |
we conducted a qualitative study during september and november 2006 , in a peri - urban community on the outskirts of cape town , south africa .
this township emerged during the last two decades because of rapid in - migration and is today a permanent fixture of formal and informal dwellings , where many of the young... | backgroundthe perspectives of heterosexual males who have large sexual networks comprising concurrent sexual partners and who engage in high - risk sexual behaviours are scarcely documented .
yet these perspectives are crucial to understanding the high hiv prevalence in south africa where domestic violence , sexual a... |
in the previous issue of critical care , chase and coworkers reported on their implementation into clinical practice and evaluation of the specialized relative insulin nutrition table ( sprint ) .
this is an improved protocol in the form of a wheel - based system to control blood glucose levels and nutritional inta... | the report by chase and coworkers in the previous issue of critical care describes the implementation into clinical practice of the specialized relative insulin nutrition table ( sprint ) for tight glycaemic control in critically ill patients .
sprint is a simple , wheel - based system that modulates both insulin rat... |
foot and mouth disease ( fmd ) is one of the highly contagious diseases of domestic animals , caused by foot - and - mouth disease virus ( fmdv ) , a member of the family picornaviridae , which has a colossal global impact , due to the huge number of animals affected .
the fmd endemic countries collectively contain t... | the present study was aimed to screen genetic variation within a snp ( rs136500299 ) located at exon 14 region of bovine itgb6 gene among different zebu cattle breeds .
the genotyping method describe in the present study is a tetraplex arms pcr , which offers extremely fast , economical , and simple detection tool . ... |
huntington 's disease ( hd ) is a progressive , autosomal dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder , characterized by impaired motor control , cognitive decline , and occasional psychiatric illness .
hd results from the expansion of a cag repeat in exon 1 of the huntingtin ( htt ) gene , yielding a protein wit... | deconstructing the mechanistic basis of neurodegenerative disorders , such as huntington 's disease ( hd ) , has been a particularly challenging undertaking , relying mostly on post - mortem tissue samples , non - neural cell lines from affected individuals , and model organisms .
two articles recently published in c... |
in early december 2013 , during the zikv outbreak , a 44-year - old man in tahiti had symptoms of zikv infection : asthenia , low grade fever ( temperature from 37.5c to 38c ) and arthralgia .
eight weeks later , he described a second episode of symptoms compatible with zikv infection : temperature from 37.5c to 38c ... | in december 2013 , during a zika virus ( zikv ) outbreak in french polynesia , a patient in tahiti sought treatment for hematospermia , and zikv was isolated from his semen .
zikv transmission by sexual intercourse has been previously suspected .
this observation supports the possibility that zikv could be transmit... |
irritable bowel syndrome ( ibs ) is a common gastrointestinal disorder affecting approximately 1015% of the people in western world .
the patient group is very heterogeneous and characterized by abdominal pain , discomfort and abnormal bowel habits .
the pathophysiology of ibs is unknown , it would appear that the ... | irritable bowel syndrome ( ibs ) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder estimated to affect over 10% of the western population .
a subset of the patients reports the start of the disease after an episode of gastroenteritis .
the alterations in the intestinal microbiota of the post - infectious ibs ( pi - ib... |
intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula ( davf ) is abnormal arteriovenous shunts that occur within the leaflets of the dura mater and comprised 10 - 15% of intracranial arteriovenous malformation8 ) . in a meta - analysis of 377 patients with davf
reported before 1989 , tentorial davf was only 8% ( 32/ 377 ) of all... | tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula ( davf ) is a rare vascular disease , which has high risk of intracranial hemorrhage .
we present two cases of tentorial davf which were successfully treated with single trial of transarterial embolization using onyx .
we briefly reviewed the types of the tentorial davf and str... |
over the last 3 decades , population - based studies aiming to determine the true burden of neurological disorders have increasingly been acknowledged . nevertheless , in developing countries
, the limited access of neurologists to rural areas and the logistic and economic limitations to perform neuroepidemiological ... | a door - to - door survey , including every household , was conducted for all inhabitants of al quseir city ( 33,283 ) , red sea governorate , egypt by three specialists of neurology as well as nine senior staff members of neurology and 15 female social workers to assess the epidemiology of major neurological disorders... |
repair of anorectal malformation ( arm ) with rectourethral ( ru ) fistula involves the separation of two systems .
this involves risk of injury to the urethra , ureters , seminal vesicles , bladder , and important nerves responsible for urinary control and sexual function .
group a included patients of arm with ru... | aim : to study the effect of nonclosure of rectourethral ( ru ) fistula and to do a comparative analysis of the complications with and without nonclosure of ru fistula during posterior sagittal anorectoplasty ( psarp ) in anorectal malformation cases ( arm).materials and methods : a total of 68 cases of arm were includ... |
middle ear cholesteatoma is characterized by keratinocytic hyperproliferation with bony destruction and granulation tissue by chronic inflammation .
the pathogenesis of middle ear cholesteatoma has been debated for a century , but there are four basic theories : invagination , basal cell hyperplasia , epithelial ingr... | objectivesexperimental models are of importance to study the pathogenesis of middle ear cholesteatoma , however , they were not established until now . we aimed to develop in vitro model of middle ear cholesteatoma using primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts isolated from cholesteatoma tissue .
hacat cell line was us... |
dynamic
biomolecules often undergo large - scale structural changes
and visit distinct conformational states during their biological function .
it is of great biological and pharmaceutical
interest to characterize their structures and conformational transition
pathways .
ideally , detailed free energy lands... | a gaussian accelerated molecular
dynamics ( gamd ) approach for simultaneous
enhanced sampling and free energy calculation of biomolecules is presented .
by constructing a boost potential that follows gaussian distribution ,
accurate reweighting of the gamd simulations
is achieved using cumulant
expansion t... |
a 40-year - old , previously healthy man presented with left hemiparesis and left facial weakness which had developed four hours before admission after being struck on the right side of the neck by the edge of a door .
ct and mri of the brain revealed acute infarction in the vascular territory of the right middle cer... | extracranial carotid artery dissection may manifest as arterial stenosis or occlusion , or as dissecting aneurysm formation .
anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet therapy is the first - line treatment , but because it is effective and less invasive than other procedures , endovascular treatment of carotid artery disse... |
techniques for isolation and culture of fetal type ii alveolar epithelial cells , as well as the morphologic and biochemical characteristics of these histotypic cultures , are described .
type ii alveolar epithelial cells can be isolated from fetal rat lungs and grown in an organotypic culture system as described in ... | |
defining alterations in signalling pathways in normal and malignant cells is becoming a major field in proteomics .
a number of different approaches have been established to isolate , identify and quantify phosphorylated proteins and peptides . in the current report ,
a comparison between scx prefractionation versu... | |
allogeneic bone marrow transplantation ( bmt ) is widely used in the treatment of various hematologic disorders , such as leukemia and aplastic anemia , and the major complication of bmt is graft - versus - host disease ( gvhd ) .
we discuss whether autologous melanocyte transplantation is an appropriate way as a tre... | the treatment of vitiligo is derisory since the pathogenesis of vitiligo is not clear at present .
most conservative treatments are difficult to approach satisfactory therapy .
so transplantation is the only way left when the disease becomes insensitive to those conservative treatments .
here we describe an 18-ye... |
spondylolisthesis is defined as an anterior migration of a vertebral body in relation to the vertebra located immediately caudal . in 1930
junghanns was the first to describe anterior translation of a lumbar vertebra without any defect in the neural arch following this the term degenerative spondylolisthesis ( ds ) ... | introduction : degenerative spondylolisthesis ( ds ) is usually seen at l4-l5 level and less frequently at l5-s1 level .
this is a rare case report of spondylolisthesis of s1 over s2 with lumbarization of s1 .
lumbarization of s1 is seen in just 1 - 2% of the population and to have spondylolisthesis in this segment... |
the research protocol was approved by the institutional review board at the oregon health & science university ( ohsu ) and performed in accordance with the tenets of the declaration of helsinki . written informed consent was obtained from each participant after explanation of the nature and possible consequences of th... | purposewe investigated the feasibility of glaucoma detection by measuring retinal surface contour variability ( rscv ) using optical coherence tomography ( oct).methodsthe peripapillary region in one eye of each participant was scanned over an 8 8 mm area with a swept source oct prototype .
the retinal surface conto... |
organic foreign bodies are generally associated with severe inflammatory reaction and infection , while the nature of reaction elicited by inorganic foreign bodies depends on the material of the foreign body .
graphite , which is the major constituent of pencil lead , has been reported to remain inert in the eye for ... | retained intraocular graphite foreign bodies are uncommon .
although they are generally inert , they have been reported to cause severe inflammatory reaction and progressive damage to intraocular structures .
we report a case of a six - year - old girl with a retained intraocular graphite pencil lead foreign body i... |
polyacrylonitrile ( pan ) are commercially important and used for the precursor for high - performance carbon fiber . in the fiber applications , pan is dissolved in a suitable solvent and spin to fibers by a wet or dry spinning process .
the extensively used solvents are aqueous sodium sulfocyanate ( nascn ) , n , n... | one of the room temperature ionic liquids ( rtils ) , 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ( [ bmim]cl ) was chosen to prepare the concentrated solutions of polyacrylonitrile ( pan ) .
the rheological behaviors of the solutions were measured with rotational rheometry under different conditions , including temperature... |
fistulae between the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are uncommon in adults . whereas developmental anomaly is the commonest cause in infancy and childhood , the etiology in adults is most frequently secondary to an esophageal malignancy .
we report two cases of esophagobronchial fistulae one secondary... | we report two cases of esophagobronchial fistulae diagnosed by multi - detector computed tomography ( mdct ) oral contrast swallow examination .
it is helpful to supplement the ct study with an oral contrast swallow as it aids in confirmation of a suspected fistula and also demonstrates the fistula tract better .
w... |
an individual , as a consumer researcher , wants to buy a refrigerator . with appliances of most sorts , people regard best practice decision making as consulting trustworthy comparison websites and magazines , ones that go beyond expressing opinions , or recording likes , to numerically rate the alternative products ... | most guidelines for clinical practice , and especially those for the construction of decision support tools , assume that the individual person ( the patient ) needs to be in possession of information of particular sorts and amount in order to qualify as having made an
informed decision. this often implicitly segues ... |
pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia ( panin ) is a nomenclature for microscopic proliferative epithelial lesions of the pancreas which was proposed in 2001 by hruban et al . .
panin is assumed to be a precursor lesion of invasive ductal carcinoma ( idc ) .
precursor lesions of idc also include intraductal papillar... | high - grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia ( panin-3 ) is recognized as a precursor lesion of invasive ductal carcinoma ( idc ) .
however , histological evidence that panin-3 invades beyond the basement membrane of pancreatic ductal epithelium , that is , the moment panin-3 becomes idc , has not been captured ... |
ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate was first reported by melicow and pachter in 1967 as an endometrial carcinoma prostatic utricle . since then
, ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate has been found to account for 0.27.5% of all prostate carcinomas .
a 73-year - old man was referred to our hospital due to an e... | ductal adenocarcinoma is an unusual variant of adenocarcinoma of the prostate .
a 73-year - old male was referred to our hospital for the further examination of an elevated prostate - specific antigen level of 23.4 ng / ml .
radical prostatectomy ( rp ) was performed based on the diagnosis obtained by a prostate ne... |
patients treated with salvage chemotherapy had a response rate of only 9% and a median time to tumor progression ( ttp ) of 9 weeks . although bevacizumab can offer a significantly higher response rate of 55% and a period of clinical stabilization with a median ttp of 26 weeks , the tumor remains in the brain and conti... | the novottf-100a device emits alternating tumor treating electric fields ( ttfields ) that interfere with cytokinesis and chromosome segregation during mitosis .
because it has a similar efficacy to cytotoxic chemotherapy , the device has been approved by the united states food and drug administration for the treatme... |
plaque - induced gingivitis is one of the most frequent periodontal diseases , affecting more than 90% of the population , regardless of age , sex or race20 .
brazilian epidemiologic studies show a high prevalence of gingival inflammation , ranging from 74% to 100% , although the mean individual percentage of gingiva... | the effect of aloe vera on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis was evaluated in a randomized , parallel and double - blind clinical trial .
subjects were randomly allocated to the test group ( n=15 ) dentifrice containing aloe vera - or the control group ( n=15 ) fluoridated dentifrice . plaque index ( pi ) and ... |
there have been sporadic cases reported since it was first described by lennox et al . , in 1952 .
we report an additional case of pmc of the skin in a 70-year - old male presenting with a swelling in the lateral canthal region of his left eye , and review the pertinent literature .
a 70-year - old male noticed a s... | primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin is a rare adnexal tumor of sweat gland origin .
a case report is presented of a 70-year - old male , who presented with a slow growing mass near the lateral canthus of his left eye .
the case was clinically diagnosed as a fibroma .
an excisional biopsy of the lesion revealed... |
incidental detection of small renal masses is increasing . this has led to an increase in biopsy of small renal masses , a proportion of which
needle biopsy of small renal masses is controversial owing to the risk of seeding malignant cells along the needle tract .
needle tract seeding is a rare event ; the inciden... | a 66-year - old man underwent computed tomography - guided needle biopsy of a suspicious renal mass .
two months later he underwent partial nephrectomy .
histology revealed a 30-mm clear cell renal cell carcinoma , up to fuhrman grade 3 .
an area of the capsule was interrupted , which corresponded to a hemorrhagi... |
despite its ubiquity
in cell membranes , there is little quantitative
information on the effects of small mole fractions of cholesterol
on the phase diagrams , molecular organization , and surface viscosity
of mixtures of phospholipids and cholesterol .
understanding
cholesterol s effects in altering the lo... | adding small fractions of cholesterol
decreases the interfacial
viscosity of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine ( dppc ) monolayers by an
order of magnitude per wt % .
grazing incidence x - ray diffraction shows
that cholesterol at these small fractions does not mix ideally with
dppc but rather induces nanophas... |
pollution is predicated to all tiny particles in the air which are produced due to human or natural activities ( 1 ) . since the centralization of human activities
is associated with metabolic human interactions in urban areas , different pollutants enter into air easily and cause the urban environment more vulnerabl... | abstractbackgroundthe centralization of human activities is associated with different pollutants which enter into environment easily and cause the urban environment more vulnerable . regarding the importance of air pollution issue for tehran metropolis , many plans and regulations have been developed . however , most o... |
the syndrome is named after french neurosurgeon octave crouzon , who described this rare genetic disorder first time in 1912 .
although it is encountered rarely , crouzon syndrome constitutes almost 5% of all craniosynostoses with an approximate birth prevalance of 1/25,000 - 1/50,000 .
the syndrome is characterize... | chiari malformation type i ( cm - i ) related to syndromic craniosynostosis in pediatric patients has been well - studied .
the surgical management consists of cranial vault remodeling with or without posterior fossa decompression .
there were also cases , in whom cm - i was diagnosed prior to the craniosynostosis ... |
permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism results from the unintentional removal or injury of parathyroid glands during thyroid and parathyroid surgery .
permanent hypoparathyroidism is defined as persistent hypocalcemia requiring calcium and vitamin d supplementation 6 months after surgery .
the risk is nominal d... | the risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism following thyroid and parathyroid surgery is around 1% in the hands of experienced endocrine surgeons .
although this complication is rare , rendering a patient permanently aparathyroid has significant consequences on the health and quality of life of the patient .
immediate... |
a major feature of the movement toward hospital cost containment in the last decade has been the replacement of expensive inpatient care with less costly outpatient care .
most discussions about the increasing reliance on outpatient care focus on utilization and revenue measures .
a more important issue for hospita... | in this article , the authors estimate a multiple - output cost function for a sample of 2,235 hospitals during the period 1984 - 88 to disaggregate total costs into inpatient and outpatient components .
the results suggest that outpatient cost growth is roughly proportional to that of inpatient cost , despite much h... |
wilms tumor ( wt ) , also known as nephroblastoma , is the most frequent renal tumor occurring in children aged 0 to 15 years , especially among those younger than 6 years .
wt accounts for roughly 6% of all childhood cancers ; 5% of whom had bilateral involvement , and 1% of whom had a family history .
thanks to t... | backgroundwilms tumor ( wt ) is the most common malignant renal tumor in children .
previous studies suggested the reversion - inducing , cysteine - rich protein with kazal motifs ( reck ) down - regulation might have a role in numerous human cancers .
the current study was done to investigate the associations of r... |
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