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type 2 diabetes is a public health concern across the united states , with certain ethnic groups bearing a disproportionate burden [ 1 , 2 ] .
native hawaiians and other pacific islanders ( nh / pi ; e.g. , samoan , chuukese ) have higher type 2 diabetes incidence and prevalence compared to other ethnic groups [ 3 , ... | native hawaiians and other pacific islanders ( nh / pi ; e.g. , samoan and chuukese ) have higher type 2 diabetes prevalence compared to other groups in hawaii . partners in care ( pic ) , a culturally tailored , community - based , diabetes self - management education intervention ( dsme ) , is effective at improving ... |
chest pa showed superior mediastinal widening and bulging of the right paraspinal interface ( fig .
1 ) . increased opacity of the infrahilar window and thickening of the posterior wall of the bronchus intermedius were seen on the lateral chest x - ray .
an oval - shaped mass measuring 9.73.86.0 cm was seen in the ... | lymphangiohemangiomas of the mediastinum are exceedingly rare and few cases have been published in the english literature .
this report may be the only reported case in which lymphangiohemangiomas were found bilaterally .
we report a case of a 7-year - old boy with an incidental finding of an abnormal mediastinal s... |
parkinson disease ( pd ) is a neurodegenerative disease which its prevalence varies by location and ethnicity ( 1 , 2 ) . the correlation between depression and parkinson disease has remained unclear among iranian population .
the roles of demographic and disease - related variables are not fully described in the ass... | background : the factors affecting the correlation between parkinson disease ( pd ) and depression have remained unclear.objectives:we assessed the prevalence of depression among patients with pd and the association between pd - related variables and depression severity.patients and methods : this is a cross - sectiona... |
fatigue is the most frequent symptom in multiple sclerosis ( ms).1 the multiple sclerosis council defines ms related fatigue as a subjective lack of physical and/or mental energy that is perceived by the individual or caregiver to interfere with usual and desired activities,2 and has recommended evaluation with the 21... | backgroundthe fatigue severity scale ( fss ) is widely used to assess fatigue , not only in the context of multiple sclerosis - related fatigue , but also in many other medical conditions .
some polysomnographic studies have shown high fss values in sleep - disordered patients without multiple sclerosis . the modifie... |
currently , chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) is one of the most serious public health problems .
some recent epidemiological studies have suggested that approximately one million people
with end stage renal disease ( esrd ) undergo replacement therapy worldwide .
the increased
prevalence of ckd in the developed a... | the purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the available evidence on
sleep disorders in patients with end stage renal disease ( esrd ) undergoing hemodialysis
( hd ) .
[ subjects and methods ] two independent reviewers performed a computer - assisted
search of the medline , scielo , lilacs ... |
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ( adpkd ) is an inherited disorder characterized by the development and growth of cysts in the kidneys and other organs . in adpkd patients ,
nephrotic range proteinuria is unusual and needs to be investigated further to exclude coexisting glomerular disease . among the an... | backgroundautosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ( adpkd ) is an inherited disorder characterized by the development and growth of cysts in the kidneys and other organs . in adpkd patients ,
nephrotic range proteinuria is unusual and needs to be investigated further to exclude coexisting glomerular disease . am... |
it consists of a pair of cylindrically shaped centrioles surrounded by fibrous pericentriolar material . before or during dna replication in s phase , the centrioles split , and each cylinder serves as a template for the assembly of a new
daughter centriole . before mitosis , when cells contain two pairs of centriol... | previous evidence has indicated that an intact centrosome is essential for cell cycle progress and that elimination of the centrosome or depletion of individual centrosome proteins prevents the entry into s phase . to investigate the molecular mechanisms of centrosome - dependent cell cycle progress , we performed rna ... |
a male neonate born to g2 p1l1 mother at term by spontaneous vaginal delivery to iii degree consanguineous marriage was found to have proximal shortening of both upper and lower limbs [ figure 1 ] .
the antenatal period was uneventful and antenatal ultrasound was reportedly not done during pregnancy and the mother wa... | a male neonate was born with rhizomelic shortening of limbs .
skeletal radiograph showed punctate calcification of epiphysis of humerus , femur , and tibia . the diagnosis and a brief review of literature pertaining to the condition with emphasis on antenatal diagnosis and counseling
are being reported . |
radioactive iodine thyroid ablation has been shown to be an inexpensive , safe , and effective treatment for hyperthyroidism .
it is the most commonly used method for treating adult patients with graves ' disease .
special precautions must be used in women of child - bearing age because of the possible detrimental ... | graves ' disease is a thyroid - specific autoimmune disorder in which the body makes antibodies to the thyroid - stimulating hormone receptor leading to hyperthyroidism .
therapeutic options for the treatment of graves ' disease include medication , radioactive iodine ablation , and surgery .
radioactive iodine is ... |
ischemic heart disease is the first leading cause of death among the world and caused 62.6 million disability adjusted life years in 2004 .
cardiovascular diseases ( cvds ) accounts for 17.7 million annual deaths in world - wide .
cvds are increasing in developing countries as they half of deaths and 80% of the rel... | background : there are few published studies that consider the joint effect of multiple risk factors on avoidable burden of cardiovascular diseases ( cvds ) . this study aimed to estimate the joint effect of avoidable burden of multiple risk factors to cvds.methods:estimates of avoidable burden to cvds
were made usin... |
a 56-year - old female presented with best corrected visual acuity ( bcva ) of 20/120 and nuclear sclerosis ( nuclear opacity 3 , nuclear color 2 using lens opacification classification system iii ) in the left eye ( le ) .
the surgery was performed using proparacaine drops ( paracain ophthalmic solution 0.5% , sunwa... | foldable intraocular lens ( iol ) implantation using an injector system through 2.8-mm clear corneal incision following phacoemulsification provides excellent speedy postoperative recovery . in our reported case ,
a sensar ar40e iol ( abbott medical optics , usa ) was loaded into emerald c cartridge , outside the vie... |
cytoscape
1 ,
2 provides an environment for the visualization and analysis of networks and associated annotations .
the primary audience for cytoscape is the biological community and cytoscape supports a number of standard use cases for analyzing and visualizing biological data .
many of these use cases involve... | setsapp (
http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/setsapp ) is a relatively simple cytoscape 3 app for users to handle groups of nodes and/or edges .
it supports several important biological workflows and enables various set operations .
setsapp provides basic tools to create sets of nodes or edges , import or export sets... |
each year , 200 000 inhospital cardiac arrests ( ihca ) occur in the united states , with overall survival rates of 18% to 20% .
however , the extent to which hospitals vary in survival rates for ihca remains poorly understood , as prior studies have largely reported aggregate survival rates at the patient level or h... | backgroundinhospital cardiac arrest ( ihca ) is common and often fatal .
however , the extent to which hospitals vary in survival outcomes and the degree to which this variation is explained by patient and hospital factors is unknown.methods and resultswithin get with the guidelinesresuscitation , we identified 135 8... |
according to the world health organization ( who ) classification of tumors , a grading scheme , which represents a malignancy scale and a key factor influencing the choice of therapies , has been successfully applied to astrocytomas , the most common type of glioma .
glioblastoma is the most frequent type of brain t... | backgroundglioblastoma ( gbm ) is a highly invasive , aggressive , and incurable brain tumor .
genetic factors play important roles in gbm risk .
the aim of this study was to elucidate the influence of gene polymorphism on gbm susceptibility.material/methodsin this case - control study , we included 72 gbm patients... |
caregiver is an individual who has the responsibility of meeting the physical and psychological needs of the dependent patient .
psychiatric patients need assistance or supervision in their daily activities and this often places a major burden on their caregivers , thereby placing the caregiver at a great risk of men... | background : caregivers of individuals suffering from psychiatric illness are at risk of being subjected to mental health consequences such as depression , anxiety and burnout .
community - based studies proved that 1847% of caregivers land in depression .
the caregiver burden can be quantified into objective , sub... |
anesthesia providers routinely care for patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) , and the implications for patient care are well known . however , there is scant literature on the occupational hazards of mri for health care workers .
it is well known in the radiology community that exposure to a magnet... | vertigo induced by exposure to the magnetic field of a magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) scanner is a well - known phenomenon within the radiology community but is not widely appreciated by other clinical specialists . here
, we describe a case of an anesthetist experiencing acute vertigo while providing sedation to... |
this has caused widespread concern , considering the associations between obesity and a range of adverse health conditions .
there is a widely held view that the increasing rates of obesity will lead to an epidemic of diabetes , other chronic conditions , and a subsequent reduction in life expectancy .
however the ... | background . increasing levels of obesity over recent decades have been expected to lead to an epidemic of diabetes and a subsequent reduction in life expectancy , but instead all - cause and cardiovascular - specific mortality rates have decreased steadily in most developed countries and life expectancy has increased ... |
although the peripheral nervous system has the ability to regenerate axons following injury , when nerve gaps are larger than 12 cm , bridging strategies are required for repair . in such cases , autologous nerve grafts have been used as the gold standard ( deumens et al . , 2010 ; pfister et al . ,
. however , there... | long gap peripheral nerve injuries usually reulting in life - changing problems for patients . skeletal muscle derived - multipotent stem cells
( sk - mscs ) can differentiate into schwann and perineurial / endoneurial cells , vascular relating pericytes , and endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the damaged periph... |
when the gallbladder is not visualized in its normal location , the possibility of its ectopic location should be considered . a case of incidentally detected anomalous position of gall bladder causing confounding problem in interpretation of pet - ct is described .
a 70-year - old man , with h / o chronic liver dise... | the purpose of this study was to appraise the imageologists of a possible mislocalization of tracer accumulation to anomalously placed gallbladder during positron emission tomography - computed tomography ( pet / ct ) examination .
pet / ct is increasingly playing an important role in staging and restaging of the dis... |
digital intraoral radiographic systems have several advantages compared with
conventional film - based radiography .
these advantages , in endodontics , include the
potential of a lower radiation exposure to the patient and faster image
display .
moreover , it was
introduced the opportunity of evaluating th... | objectivethis study evaluated experimentally - induced periapical bone loss sites using
digital radiographic and histopathologic parameters . material and methodstwenty - seven wistar rats
were submitted to coronal opening of their mandibular
right first molars .
they were radiographed at 2 , 15 and 30 days aft... |
carcinoid tumors develop from stem cells of the bronchial epithelium known as kulchitsky cells , which have neuroendocrine activity .
these neuroendocrine cells can develop tumors in many different organs with most common being the lungs , the appendix , the small intestine ( duodenum ) , the rectum and the pancreas.... | carcinoid bronchopulmonary tumors represent approximately 25% of all carcinoid tumors and 1%2% of all lung neoplasms .
the most common symptoms are : persistent cough , asthma - like wheezing , chest pain , dyspnea , hemoptysis and obstructive pneumonitis .
we present a case of a young adult diagnosed with a typica... |
familial mediterranean fever ( fmf ) is a genetic , autosomal recessive disease affecting primarily non - ashkenazi jews , turks , arabs , and armenians .
this disease is characterized by acute , short episodes of serosal membrane inflammation , and fever .
the fmf gene , called as mediterranean fever ( mefv ) gene... | background : blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio ( nlr ) and mean platelet volume ( mpv ) both have been used as a simple marker of inflammation in many disorders . here , we aimed to investigate the relationship between nlr , mpv , and familial mediterranean fever ( fmf).materials and methods : in this retrospective ... |
cone beam computed tomography ( cbct ) was introduced to the dental field to replace the cumbersome , expensive , and high - radiation producing medical ct scans around a decade ago suomalainen et al .
the american association of oral and maxillofacial radiology has stated that cross - sectional views are recommende... | cone beam computed tomography ( cbct ) scanners for the oral and maxillofacial region were pioneered in the late 1990s independently by arai et al . in japan and mozzo et al .
cbct has a lower dose of radiation , minimal metal artifacts , reduced costs , easier accessibility , and easier handling than multislice comp... |
male young adult ( 4 - 6 weeks of age ) c57bl/6 ( charles river ) , drd1a tdtomato bac transgenic ( d1-tdtomato , gift of n. calakos , duke university , durham , nc ) , drd2egfp bac transgenic ( d2-egfp ) , oxtrtm1.1wsy homozygous ( cotr ko , jackson laboratory ) , or otr venus neo/+ ( otr - venus , gift of l.j .
yo... | social behaviors in species as diverse as honey bees and humans promote group survival but often come at some cost to the individual .
although reinforcement of adaptive social interactions is ostensibly required for the evolutionary persistence of these behaviors , the neural mechanisms by which social reward is enc... |
mutagenesis was performed on age - synchronized l4 animals using ethyl methanesulfonate ( ems ) according to standard protocols .
briefly , when the animals reached the l4 stage , a large number of synchronized wild - type animals carrying the wyis85 transgene were suspended in a buffer solution and 20mmems ( sigma -... | morphometric studies in multicellular organisms are mostly performed manually because of the complexity of multidimensional features and lack of appropriate tools for handling these organisms . here
we present an integrated system to autonomously ( i.e. without human supervision ) identify and sort mutants with alter... |
the
emerging field of optofluidics explores new possibilities to
combine optical detection techniques with micro- and nanofluidics to develop miniaturized optical sensors with improved performance .
the analytical techniques commonly used include surface plasmon resonance
( spr ) , surface - enhanced raman spec... | we
present metallic nanohole arrays fabricated on suspended membranes
as an optofluidic substrate . millimeter
- sized suspended nanohole arrays
were fabricated using nanoimprint lithography .
we demonstrate refractive - index - based
tuning of the optical spectra using a sucrose solution for the optimizati... |
dialysis - related amyloidosis ( dra ) diagnosed in patients with advanced renal insufficiency on maintenance hemodialysis often manifests as signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome ( cts ) , chronic arthropathy , presence of subchondral cysts and pathological fracture tendency .
increased levels of beta-2-micro... | summarybackgroundcarpal tunnel syndrome ( cts ) is the most common complication of dialysis - related amyloidosis ( dra ) developing in patients on long - term dialysis therapy .
the aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of cts and identify factors influencing the development of cts in patients on maintenan... |
the prevalence of obesity is on the increase globally , both in developed and developing nations . in the united states , it is estimated that approximately 64.5% of adults can be classified as overweight or obese individuals .
in addition to the morbidity associated with obesity , approximately 325,000 deaths in the... | objective : to compare the performance of waist circumference ( wc ) and waist - to - hip ratio ( whr ) in predicting the presence of cardiovascular risk factors ( hypertension and generalized obesity ) in an apparently healthy population.materials and methods : we recruited 898 apparently healthy subjects ( 318 males ... |
with over 100 different molecular targets , curcumin is the archetypal pleiotropic dietary agent,1 and is currently at the forefront of biomedical research , as cogently testified by the over 5150 entries for curcumin in pubmed , ie , about 10% of those for aspirin , the best known drug .
the redundancy of targets ma... | in addition to its anti - inflammatory activity , meriva , a proprietary lecithin formulation of curcumin , has been anecdotally reported to decrease acute pain in patients with various chronic diseases .
given that curcumin can desensitize transient receptor potential a1 , a nociceptor seemingly also mediating the a... |
the posttraumatic immune response is characterized by a complex set of pro- and anti - inflammatory reactions in order to restore homeostasis and was shown to be organ and cell specific [ 2 , 3 ] .
splenic immune response and cellular immunity are known to be depressed after trauma - hemorrhage leading to an increa... | splenic immune function is known to be depressed following hemorrhage .
the present study investigates the effects of femoral shaft fracture , isolated or in combination with hemorrhage , on early stage cytokine production capacity of splenocytes and observes the role of il-6 under these conditions .
male il-6 knoc... |
lipoma is the most common soft tissue mesenchymal neoplasm in adults , which is located in any part of the body .
the majority occurs in the upper - half of the body , particularly the trunk , head , and neck region , and it is rarely described in the oral cavity .
conventional lipoma has been divided into three fo... | osteochondrolipoma is a rare benign soft tissue neoplasm .
it is occasionally considered to be a variant of adipose tissue neoplasm
lipoma showing multiple differentiation pathways of pluripotent stem cells . as with the lipomas they can be seen at any location and
show cartilagenous and osteoid differentiation w... |
electrostatic interactions
comprise one of the principle interatomic
forces , along with exchange - repulsion , dispersion , and polarization
or induction .
the importance of electrostatic interactions is paramount
at long range and for polar molecules .
much development effort has
been focused on computa... | classical
molecular mechanics force fields typically model interatomic
electrostatic interactions with point charges or multipole expansions ,
which can fail for atoms in close contact due to the lack of a description
of penetration effects between their electron clouds .
these short - range
penetration eff... |
anterior cervical spine fusion and stabilization is a well established procedure for cervical myelopathy , radiculopathy , neoplasms , and cervical trauma2 ) .
although injuries to the pharynx and esophagus are known complications of anterior cervical spine surgery , delayed pharyngeal or esophageal perforation is ra... | although anterior approaches to the cervical spine are popular and safe , they cause some of complications . esophageal perforation after anterior spinal fusion is a rare but potentially life - threatening complication .
we present a rare case of delayed esophageal perforation caused by a cervical screw placed via th... |
acute ophthalmia neonatorum ( on ) continues to play an important role in causing severe ocular problems of newborns in countries where primary health care coverage is insufficient , as in the case of angola .
unfortunately , in most clinical obstetric wards of luanda , the nation 's capital , there is no regular pla... | purpose . to determine the efficacy of povidone - iodine ( p - i ) prophylaxis for ophthalmia neonatorum ( on ) in angola and to document maternal prevalence and mother - to - child transmission rates . methods .
endocervical samples from mothers ( n = 317 ) and newborn conjunctival smears ( n = 245 ) were analysed b... |
this work was supported , in whole or in part , by the one hundred person project of sun yat - sen university ( xz ) , national natural science foundation 81302262 ( xz ) , the basser research center for brca ( lz ) , the national institutes of health r01ca142776 , r01ca190415 , p50ca083638 ( lz ) , the ovarian c... | long non - coding rnas ( lncrnas ) are defined as rna transcripts larger than 200 nucleotides that do not appear to have protein - coding potential .
accumulating evidence indicates that lncrnas are involved in tumorigenesis .
our work reveals that lncrna fal1 ( focally amplified lncrna on chromosome 1 ) is frequen... |
the indications for our approach were as follows : ( 1 ) isolated pcl avulsion fracture ; and ( 2 ) posterior tibial sag present at 90 of knee flexion .
intra - articular lesions except pcl avulsion fracture were excluded using preoperative magnetic resonance image because of posteromedial approach and the consequent... | we presented a surgical technique including a suture bridge technique with relatively small incision for the reduction and fixation of posterior ligament avulsion fractures .
a suture anchor was used to hold the avulsed fragment and a knotless anchor was used to continuously compress the bony fragment into the fractu... |
cichlid fishes have undergone spectacular radiations in different parts of the world . in particular , the species flocks of the east african great lakes are well - known examples for rapid evolution and speciation [ 15 ] .
tanganyika , malawi , and victoria is inhabited by hundreds of mostly endemic cichlid species... | hybridization among littoral cichlid species in lake tanganyika was inferred in several molecular phylogenetic studies .
the phenomenon is generally attributed to the lake level - induced shoreline and habitat changes .
these allow for allopatric divergence of geographically fragmented populations alternating with ... |
huge economic losses have been seen in livestock production causing problems in animals and humans .
the use of chemotherapeutic drugs to control internal and external parasites is a widespread practice in livestock production and several broad - spectrum anthelmintics are available in the market for the control of h... | anthelmintic drug resistance has led to the search for alternatives in controlling helminth infections .
fifty west african dwarf goats without history of anthelmintic treatment were divided equally into five groups .
group a was treated with ivermectin injection subcutaneously , group b with levamisole subcutaneou... |
maca ( lepidium meyenii walp . ) is an endemic highland crop of the central andes which is grown from central peru to bolivia and northwestern argentina [ 1 , 2 ] .
this plant has great potential as an adaptogen and appears to be promising as a nutraceutical in the prevention of several diseases .
maca roots have b... | contents of eight mineral elements in maca ( lepidium meyenii walp . ) from china and peru were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy .
cu contents in maca samples from china ( 2.531 mg kg1 dry weight , dw ) were higher than the samples from peru ( < 2.1 mg kg1 dw ) .
na in two... |
myrtle ( myrtus communis l. ) is an evergreen shrub belonging to the family of mirtaceae that grows spontaneously throughout the mediterranean area . in italy
it grows along the coast and in the inner hills , and it is spread especially in the islands , where it is one of the most characteristic species .
myrtus co... | mycobacterium tuberculosis is the etiological agent of tuberculosis .
the world health organization has estimated that 8 million of people develop active tb every year and the situation is complicated by an increase of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to drugs used in antitubercular therapy : mdr and xdr ... |
additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher 's web site . | this report describes that a regular positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry ( ms ) analysis of terpendoles often causes unexpected oxygen additions to form [ m + h + o]+ and [ m + h + 2o]+ , which might be a troublesome in the characterization of new natural analogues .
the intensities of [ m + h + o]+ an... |
the mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal ( gi ) tract have been called as various names including stromal tumor of unknown malignant potential ( stump ) , gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gist ) , gastrointestinal autonomic nervous tumors ( gant ) and gastrointestinal pacemaker cell tumors ( gipact ) ( 1 , 2 ) .... | gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gists ) are the most common mesenchymal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract ( git ) . although interstitial cells of cajal has been suggested as origin of this tumor , the cytological and ultrastructural features of gists are heterogeneous and unclear .
a total 10 cases of normal ga... |
the asian tropopause aerosol layer is composed of sulfate , primary organics , and secondary organics
the north american tropospheric aerosol layer is mostly composed of sulfate and secondary organics
aerosol optical depth of asian tropopause aerosol layer increases by 0.002 from 2000 to 2010
the asian tropopau... | recent studies revealed layers of enhanced aerosol scattering in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over asia ( asian tropopause aerosol layer ( atal ) ) and north america ( north american tropospheric aerosol layer ( natal ) ) .
we use a sectional aerosol model ( community aerosol and radiation model for a... |
californium-252 is an artificial element with a half - life of 2.645 years , and it decays via either alpha emission ( 96.9% ) or spontaneous fission ( 3.1% ) .
cf emits both photons and neutrons ( 2.3110 n / s/g ) of
varied energy with potential for both clinical brachytherapy and neutron capture therapy ( nct ) a... | background : in neutron interaction with matter and reduction of neutron energy due to multiple scatterings to the thermal energy range , increasing the probability of thermal neutron capture by neutron captures makes dose enhancement in the tumors loaded with these materials .
objective : the purpose of this study i... |
the transposable element ( te ) was first described by mcclintock as a controlling element that jumps from one position to another in the maize chromosome in the mid-1940s , long before the discovery by watson and crick of the double helix structure of dna as a genetic element .
it was a time when , after the redis... | foldback intercoil ( fbi ) dna is formed by the folding back at one point of a non - helical parallel track of double - stranded dna at as sharp as 180 and the intertwining of two double helixes within each other 's major groove to form an intercoil with a diameter of 2.2 nm . fbi dna has been suggested to mediate intr... |
smoking is a major risk factor associated with the development and progression of a variety of cancers .
smoking is estimated to account for approximately 4 - 5 million deaths worldwide and approximately 443,000 deaths each year in the united states alone [ 2 , 3 ] .
sufficient evidence has accumulated to conclude ... | cigarette smoking is highly correlated with the onset of a variety of human cancers , and continued smoking is known to abrogate the beneficial effects of cancer therapy . while tobacco smoke contains hundreds of molecules that are known carcinogens , nicotine , the main addictive component of tobacco smoke , is not ca... |
ischemic mitral regurgitation can be defined as moderate to severe mitral leak precipitated by acute myocardial infarction .
valve repair is now the procedure of choice , but some cases can pose difficult anatomy .
most patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation have predominant annular dilatation at the posterior... | introductionischemic mitral regurgitation can be defined as moderate to severe mitral leak precipitated by acute myocardial infarction .
valve repair is now the procedure of choice , but some cases can pose difficult anatomy .
this review will illustrate current techniques for repairing complex ischemic mitral regu... |
a dna sequence contains six potential open reading frames ( orfs ) , three on one strand and three on the reverse strand .
however , typically only one of the six is actually expressed because it is associated with appropriate genetic signals that specify the dna strand and the reading frame to be transcribed and tra... | alterorf is a searchable database that contains information regarding alternate open reading frames ( orfs ) for over 1.5 million genes in 481 prokaryotic genomes .
the objective of the database is to provide a platform for improving genome annotation and to serve as an aid for the identification of prokaryotic genes... |
cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) patients receiving long - term peritoneal dialysis ( pd ) therapy .
data from the canada and united states ( canusa ) peritoneal dialysis study showed that nearly half of the mortality in pd patients was due to cardiovascular d... | cardiovascular disease accounts over half of the total mortality in peritoneal dialysis ( pd ) patients .
in addition , there is an increasing recognition of a high prevalence of vascular and valvular calcification that may contribute to the increased all - cause and cardiovascular mortality in the pd patients .
di... |
with the development of chemotherapy , control of metastatic colorectal cancer has increased in recent years .
aggressive resection of distant metastases , local recurrence , or peritoneal dissemination has been performed , and good results have been reported [ 1 , 2 ] . particularly , aggressive resection has been r... | 18f - fluorodeoxyglucose ( fdg ) positron emission tomography and computed tomography ( integrated fdg pet / ct ) has been used to diagnose recurrence and differentiate postoperative changes from lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer , although its accuracy is questionable .
we report a prone thoracoscopic surge... |
colistin belongs to the polymyxin class of antibiotics which is a group of cationic polypeptides .
however , the popularity rapidly faded in 1970s because of significant renal and neurological toxicity and was replaced with less toxic antibiotics with a comparable or broader antibacterial spectrum such as aminoglycos... | the emergence of multi - drug - resistant gram negative bacillary infections has regained popularity of ancient drugs such as polymyxins .
we report a case of acute respiratory failure induced by use of intravenous colistimethate , which is one of the forms of polymyxin .
the patient is a 31 year old female with pa... |
variations in time , temperature , concentration , ph , and relative humidity may affect the sporicidal activity of various agents . accordingly , and especially for real - world situations ,
attention must be paid simultaneously to more than one controllable or uncontrollable factor . in tables 1 and 2 and in the di... | after the intentional release of bacillus anthracis through the u.s . postal service in the fall of 2001 , many environments were contaminated with b. anthracis spores , and frequent inquiries were made regarding the science of destroying these spores .
we conducted a survey of the literature that had potential appli... |
deep brain stimulators ( dbs ) are increasingly used to treat carefully selected cases of movement disorders , pain , and psychiatric disorders that respond poorly to medical therapy .
anaesthesiologist may be involved in the implantation procedure or more frequently when these patients present for non - related medi... | we describe the anaesthetic management of arthroscopic repair for complete rotator cuff tear of shoulder in a 59-year - old female with parkinson 's disease ( pd ) with deep brain stimulator ( dbs ) using a combination of general anaesthesia with interscalene approach to brachial plexus block .
the dbs consists of im... |
the diagnoses of these disorders are primarily based on history , clinical features , and histopathology .
the oral mucocutaneous lesions cause diagnostic problems , as these lesions resemble each other , and routine tissue biopsies may only offer a diagnosis of non - specific inflammation.1 for the past few years , ... | background : oral mucosa is often affected by many diseases including mucocutaneous disorders . the diagnoses of these disorders are primarily based on history , clinical features , and histopathology . for the past few years immunofluorescence techniques emerged as an important tool to study the pathogenesis and in th... |
coevolutionary theories in the study of host parasite interactions indicate that antagonistic reciprocal selection pressures will lead to an arms race with a series of adaptations and counter - adaptations by the host and parasite ( thompson 1994 ) .
such antagonistic interactions actually accelerate molecular evo... | honey bee societies ( apis mellifera ) , the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor , and honey bee viruses that are vectored by the mite , form a complex system of host parasite interactions
. coevolution by natural selection in this system has been hindered for european honey bee hosts since apicultural practices re... |
the research reports , accumulated since the fortieth of the last century , regarding the isotope effects in chemical exchange system proved that there are little differences in the chemical properties of the different isotopes of the same element .
recently , researches in the isotopes separation field indicated tha... | the isotope effects of neodymium in nd - glycolate ligand exchange system were studied by using ion exchange chromatography .
the separation coefficients of neodymium isotopes , s , were calculated from the observed isotopic ratios at the front and rear boundaries of the neodymium adsorption band .
the values of s... |
the world health organization has made prevention of visual impairment ( vi ) an international priority . in order to prevent vi ,
, priorities for prevention , treatment , and management can be identified , and strategies and resources allocated appropriately . for many years , diabetes has been a leading cause of v... | background / aims : the uk national screening committee ( nsc ) has set 18 standards for diabetic retinopathy ( dr ) screening services in england and wales , the first of which is to reduce new visual impairment ( vi ) due to dr by 10% within 5 years .
this study examined the incidence of vi due to dr in cambridgesh... |
genetic and epigenetic alterations that
lead to the functional
deregulations of several signaling and metabolic pathways are known
to be the major driving forces behind carcinogenesis and cancer progression .
those functional deregulations in cancer cells
have been exploited for pathway - targeted anticancer ... | the
concept of synthetic lethality ( the creation of a lethal phenotype
from the combined effects of mutations in two or more genes ) has recently
been exploited in various efforts to develop new genotype - selective
anticancer therapeutics .
these efforts include screening for novel
anticancer agents , ide... |
local anesthetics like lidocaine and bupivacaine , opioids like morphine , alpha2 adrenoceptor agonists like clonidine , dexmeditomidine , and magnesium sulphate have all been tried intra - articularly either as sole agents or in combination , to provide effective postoperative analgesia .
studies have shown that dex... | background and aims : in an attempt to improve the recovery and early rehabilitation after arthroscopic knee surgery , various medications have been administered via intra - articular route to prolong the duration and improve the quality of postoperative analgesia . among the potentially effective substances , steroids... |
disruptions in connectivity across distributed neural networks are common features of stress - related neuropsychiatric conditions , and understanding how they arise may yield new insights into mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability .
stress has potent effects on apical dendrites and postsynaptic dendritic spines... | stress especially chronic , uncontrollable stress is an important risk factor for many neuropsychiatric disorders .
the underlying mechanisms are complex and multifactorial , but they involve correlated changes in structural and functional measures of neuronal connectivity within cortical microcircuits and across n... |
the epidermal growth factor receptor ( egfr ) is over expressed in various solid malignancies including non small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) .
however , they are associated with a dermatologic side effects , which can occasionally be responsible for discontinuation of the egfr inhibitors .
hence , we report a case ... | we report a case of gefitinib - induced skin ulceration in a 50-year - old female with metastatic adenocarcinoma of lung who developed this adverse effect 2 weeks following initiation of gefitinib at a dose of 250 mg / day . the ulcer improved with stopping gefitinib for 2 weeks and also addition of topical steroids an... |
to report a case of acute quinine poisoning , document acute and chronic macular changes with optical coherence tomography imaging and fluorescein angiography ( fa ) , and to review the literature on ocular toxicity of quinine .
a 32-year - old white female presented to our emergency department after ingesting over 7... | purposeto report a case of acute quinine poisoning , document acute and chronic macular changes with optical coherence tomography imaging and fluorescein angiography ( fa ) , and to review the literature on ocular toxicity of quinine.methodsa 32-year - old white female presented to our emergency department after ingest... |
developmental dyslexia is a neurobiological disorder characterized by a difficulty in reading acquisition despite adequate intelligence , conventional education , and motivation ( apa 1994 ) .
the prevailing view supports the hypothesis that dyslexia results from a specific deficit of auditory - phonological percepti... | we examined whether developmental dyslexic adults suffer from sluggish attentional shifting ( sas ; hari and renvall in trends cogn sci 5:525532 , 2001 ) by measuring their shifting of attention in a visual search task with dynamic cluttered displays ( van der burg et al . in j
exp psychol human 34:10531065 , 2008 ) ... |
the diagnosed incidence of neuroendocrine tumors ( nets ) in the current decade has risen to 5/100,000 from about 1 to 2 cases per 100,000 , three decades ago .
this can be attributed to advanced diagnostic radiological and pathological techniques available in medical science today .
multi detector computed tomogra... | neuroendocrine tumor metastases to the liver can mimic primary hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) on imaging , cytology , and core biopsy . we present a case study along with the literature review of a patient who presented as a solitary liver mass mimicking hcc and subsequently underwent a partial hepatectomy .
the hi... |
exposure to moderate to heavy amounts of alcohol during pregnancy remains a leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities in north america ( abel and sokol , 1986 ; may and gossage , 2001 ; chudley et al . , 2005 ; may et al . , 2009 ) .
children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder ( fasd ) face a broad spe... | children exposed to substantial amounts of alcohol in utero display a broad range of morphological and behavioral outcomes , which are collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders ( fasds ) .
common to all children on the spectrum are cognitive and behavioral problems that reflect central nervous syst... |
nowadays color doppler study of corpus cavernosum ( cc ) with intracavernosal injection ( ici ) of vasoactive agents is the first step to investigate etiologic causes of male erectile dysfunction ( ed ) ( 1 , 2 ) . diagnostic criteria are based mostly on the peak systolic velocity ( psv ) and end diastolic velocity ( e... | background : erection is a dynamic multi - stage neurovascular phenomenon consisting of 4 phases
. conventional protocol of color doppler study can easily overlook these ongoing dynamic events.objectives:here , we tried to designate patterns for these dynamic spectral waveform changes of cavernosal arteries in patien... |
crohn 's disease ( cd ) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder that may involve different sites along the gastrointestinal tract .
the disease tends to be more severe and widespread in children and young adults [ 1 , 2 ] . during the last 2 decades ,
the incidence of cd in childhood has considerably increased [ 2 ,... | crohn 's disease ( cd ) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract .
it may have pulmonary involvement , which has been rarely reported in pediatric patients .
down syndrome ( ds ) has been associated with increased frequency of autoimmune diseases .
however , associa... |
a 28-year - old man who was known to have fhi in the right eye was referred for secondary iol implantation .
six years before referral , his right eye had undergone cataract surgery which was complicated by the capsular rupture and vitreous prolapse , for which the patient received complete anterior vitrectomy with r... | implantation of iris - claw artisan intraocular lens ( iol ) is a surgical option for correction of aphakia ; however , these iols have not been used in eyes with uveitis including fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis ( fhi ) due to possible risk of severe postoperative intraocular inflammation . in the case
reported he... |
the world health organization ( who ) , in 2012 , indicated there were an estimated 8.6 million new cases of active tb and 1.3 million tb deaths .
the world health organization reported saudi arabia as having a moderate tb incidence rate , with 15 for every 100,000 .
tb remains an important public health problem in... | background : the utility of quantiferon - tb gold in - tube ( qft - g ) test in the diagnosis of tuberculosis disease has been validated in high and low tuberculosis - prevalent ( tb ) countries .
aim : the aim of this study is to assess the performance of the qft - g test in the diagnosis of tuberculosis disease amo... |
there is considerable interest in understanding the role of vitamin d in cancer in general and in ovarian cancer in particular .
experimental studies have shown that vitamin d administration reduces proliferation and promotes apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines and animal models [ 16 ] .
ovarian cancer incidence... | we conducted a nested case - control study within two prospective cohorts , the new york university women 's health study and the northern sweden health and disease study , to examine the association between prediagnostic circulating levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin d ( 25(oh)d ) and the risk of subsequent invasive epithel... |
for a century , the cardinal features of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles , were thought to underlie this chronic neurological disorder .
however , based on the evidence accumulated over the past ten to fifteen years , the toxicity of these lesions has been questioned . instea... | departing from the original postulates that defined various neurodegenerative disorders , accumulating evidence supports a major role for soluble forms of amyloid proteins as initiator toxins in alzheimer 's disease , parkinson 's disease , frontotemporal dementias , and prion diseases .
soluble multimeric assemblies... |
physicians have long recognized that certain patients develop postoperative cognitive dysfunction ( pocd ) , especially after cardiac surgery . recently , as investigators have begun to examine the incidence of pocd after major non - cardiac , non - carotid , non - neurosurgical procedures , certain risk factors have b... | postoperative cognitive dysfunction ( pocd ) refers to a deterioration in cognition noted to occur after surgery and anesthesia .
recent studies have demonstrated a number of correlates and risk factors for this condition , although much remains to be elucidated in terms of the true incidence , etiology , prevention ... |
although perioperative mortality from tonsillectomy and submucosal uvulopalatopharyngoplasty ( smuppp ) with tonsillectomy has decreased significantly , postoperative bleeding is still an important complication .
the incidence of bleeding after tonsillectomy is approximately 0.5%-10% , with death occurring in 1 in 20... | background : the aim of this study was to compare the incidence of postoperative secondary hemorrhage for tonsillectomy and submucosal uvulopalatopharyngoplasty ( smuppp).materials and methods : in this retrospective case series , the medical records of 404 patients who underwent tonsillectomy with unipolar electrocaut... |
acute pancreatitis ( ap ) is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable severity
. it can be severe and associated with systemic or local complications , especially those with infected pancreatic or peripancreatic necrosis ( ipn ) .
gastrointestinal ( gi ) fistula is one of the well - recognized co... | abstractgastrointestinal ( gi ) fistula is a well - recognized complication of acute pancreatitis ( ap ) .
however , it has been reported in limited literature . this study aimed to evaluate the incidence and outcome of gi fistulas in ap
patients complicated with infected pancreatic or peripancreatic necrosis ( ipn... |
all forms of mercury viz . , organic , elemental , and mercury salts are toxic and manifestations depend on nature , intensity and the chemical form of mercury .
most human exposure results from fish consumption ( organic mercury ) or dental amalgam ( metallic mercury ) .
kidneys are the prime target of mercury tox... | mercury is a toxic heavy metal and occurs in organic and inorganic forms .
inorganic mercury includes elemental mercury and mercury salts .
mercury salts are usually white powder or crystals , and widely used in indigenous medicines and folk remedies in asia .
inorganic mercury poisoning causes acute kidney injur... |
hair dyes are perhaps among the most commonly used cosmetics by elderly and the young alike - for concealing gray hair by the former or just for a fashion statement by the latter .
the popularity of hair colouring can be gauged from the fact that the median age for debut was 16 years and nearly 75% of women and 18% o... | background : the contact allergic reactions from p - phenylenediamine ( ppd ) in hair dyes vary from mild contact dermatitis to severe life- threatening events ( angioedema , bronchospasm , asthma , renal impairment).objectives : to study the clinical patterns and ppd contact sensitivity in patients with hair - dye der... |
eosinophilic granuloma ( eg ) , a benign local bone disease , is classified as the mildest form of langerhans ' cell histiocytosis ( lch ) .
eg predominantly affects children , adolescents , and young adults , and the skull is the most common site of involvement.5 ) the pathologic diagnosis of eg can be confirmed by ... | the authors present a case of rapidly progressing eosinophilic granuloma ( eg ) of the skull without hemorrhage after minor trauma .
a 6-year - old boy presented with a soft mass on the midline of his forehead .
he had a surgery for eg 19 months ago .
one month earlier , computed tomography ( ct ) and bone scans ... |
situs inversus totalis , a congenital anomaly present in approximately 0.01% of the population , results in complete mirror - image reversal of all the thoracic and abdominal organs .
the laparoscopic literature has several reports of successful bariatric procedures in patients with situs inversus despite the extreme... | while several equivalent alternatives are available in the bariatric algorithm , more recently the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ( sg ) has been gaining traction as an effective means of weight loss in patients with morbid obesity .
we present the case of a 39-year - old woman with situs inversus totalis , who was ... |
all 53 scz families were recruited from the afrikaner population in south africa and heritage was established by surname and by having 4 afrikaans - speaking grandparents .
family history was obtained from the proband , each participating parent , and additional relatives as needed , by two independent raters , a nur... | despite high heritability , a large fraction of cases with schizophrenia do not have a family history of the disease ( sporadic cases ) . here , we examine the possibility that rare de novo protein - altering mutations contribute to the genetic component of schizophrenia by sequencing the exome of 53 sporadic cases , 2... |
animal models with a human hematopoietic and immune system are now important tools for studying the human immune system as well as human - specific infections , such as hiv-1 [ 1 , 2 ] .
recent approaches have involved the use of genetically immunodeficient mice that have been reconstituted using human - derived ... | immunodeficient mice are becoming invaluable tools in human stem cell and tumor research . in this study
, we generated rag-2/jak3 double - deficient ( rag-2/jak3/ ) mice with a c57/bl6 and balb / c genetic background and compared the human lymphohematopoietic cell engraftment rate .
human cord blood - derived cd34... |
cardioembolic stroke ( ces ) , which causes 20% of all ischemic strokes each year , leads to severe neurological deficits .
ces is associated with high mortality and is a common cause of its atrial fibrillation ( af ) , which has an increasing incidence with age [ 35 ] .
proposed that af is an important and treatab... | backgroundcardioembolic stroke ( ces ) , which causes 20% cause of all ischemic strokes , is associated with high mortality .
previous studies suggest that pathways play a critical role in the identification and pathogenesis of diseases .
we aimed to develop an integrated approach that is able to construct individu... |
study participants were members of the cardiovascular health study ( chs ) , a prospective cohort consisting of 5,888 men and women aged 65 years who were randomly selected from medicare - eligibility lists in four u.s .
communities ( forsyth county , nc ; washington county , md ; sacramento county , ca ; and pittsbu... | objectiveto examine the relation of fatty acid binding protein ( fabp)4 and nonesterified fatty acids ( nefas ) to diabetes in older adults.research design and methodswe ascertained incident diabetes among 3,740 cardiovascular health study participants ( 19922007 ) based on the use of hypoglycemic medications , fastin... |
diabetic retinopathy ( dr ) is a leading cause of blindness among working group in developed countries .
it is estimated that the number of diabetes patients will achieve 366 million by 2030 , the majority of which will be type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) . after initial diagnosis , over 80% of t2 dm patients
dr ... | purpose . to describe both the functional and pathological alternations in neurosensory retina in a murine model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes ( db / db mouse )
. methods .
db / db ( bks / db/ ) mice and heterozygous littermates ( as control group ) at various ages ( 12 , 16 , 20 , 24 , and 28 weeks ) were inspect... |
infected dental plaque biofilm and the impaired host response remain the main causes of a wide range of gingival diseases .
the ability of the patient to adhere to a proper oral care plan is also a critical factor that controls the tissue reaction and disease progression .
the clinical manifestations of gingival in... | objective .
the purpose of this study is to investigate the role and efficiency of the locally injected vitamin c in the treatment of persistent gingival inflammation .
design .
twenty adult patients with persistent chronic gingival inflammation were included in this study .
the same dose of sterile vitamin c w... |
the endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) fulfills multiple cellular functions . once er functions are perturbed by various pathological conditions , unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate in the er lumen , resulting in er stress characterized by increasing er molecular chaperones and diminishing global protein synthesis .
... | we previously reported that the apolipoprotein ( apo ) b48-carrying lipoproteins obtained from apoe knockout ( apoe/ ) mice , so called e/b48 lipoproteins , transformed mouse macrophages into foam cells and enhanced the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 ( eif-2 ) . furthermore , the eif-2 ph... |
the tsc lines used in this study were b6ts4 and egfp - ts3.5 , which were derived from a blastocyst
of the c57bl/6 and icr mouse strain , respectively .
tscs were cultured as described previously . in brief , cells were cultured on mitomycin - c ( sigma - aldrich , st .
louis ,
mo , usa)-treated primary mouse e... | mouse trophoblast stem cells ( tscs ) form colonies of different sizes and morphologies , which might reflect
their degrees of differentiation .
therefore , each colony type can have a characteristic gene expression
profile ; however , the expression levels of internal reference genes may also change , causing fl... |
epilepsy surgery is an established treatment in selected patients with drug - resistant epilepsy resulting in seizure freedom or a significant reduction of seizure frequency in the majority of operated patients.13 a detailed clinical assessment is critical before a decision about surgery can be made in order to localis... | objectivein some patients who undergo presurgical workup for drug - resistant epilepsy invasive seizure monitoring is needed to define the seizure onset zone and delineate eloquent cortex .
such procedures carry risks for complications causing permanent morbidity and even mortality . in this study , prospective data ... |
scoliosis , newly developed in a skeletally mature patient , is termed degenerative scoliosis or de novo scoliosis . prevalence and incidence of degenerative scoliosis increase with age .
an overall increase is seen due to the demographic shift towards an aging society [ 17 , 33 , 39 ] .
generally it is assumed tha... | due to the aging population , degenerative scoliosis is a growing clinical problem .
it is associated with back pain and radicular symptoms .
the pathogenesis of degenerative scoliosis lies in degenerative changes of the spinal structures , such as the intervertebral disc , the facet joints and the vertebrae itself... |
teneligliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase4 ( dpp4 ) inhibitor belonging to the relatively novel pharmacological class of antihyperglycaemic agents that are now recommended as second or firstline agents in specific situations 1 , 2 , 3 . in a phase
ii clinical trial , a 4week course of teneligliptin ( 20 mg ) mon... | we assessed the 24week efficacy and safety of teneligliptin , a novel dipeptidyl peptidase4 inhibitor , in korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) that was inadequately controlled with diet and exercise .
the present study was designed as a multicentre , randomized , doubleblind , placebocontrolled , ... |
the
binding of a drug - like molecule to a protein leads to displacement
of water molecules from the protein s binding pocket , and the
thermodynamics of this displacement process is thought to contribute
significantly to the overall thermodynamics of protein
protein hydrogen bonds may incur a large energetic... | water molecules in the active site
of an enzyme occupy a complex ,
heterogeneous environment , and the thermodynamic properties of active - site
water are functions of position . as a consequence , it is thought that
an enzyme inhibitor can gain affinity by extending into a region occupied
by unfavorable wate... |
yeast cultures were grown in nutrient - rich ypd media ( 1% yeast extract , 2% peptone , and 2% dextrose ) at 30 on a rotary shaker unless otherwise noted .
for induction of autophagy , cells were grown to mid - log phase ( a600 = 0.7 ) in ypd , collected by centrifugation ( 3000 rpm 5 min ) , washed with water , th... | the major function of eukaryotic rna polymerase iii is to transcribe transfer rna , 5s ribosomal rna , and other small non - protein - coding rna molecules .
assembly of the rna polymerase iii complex on chromosomal dna requires the sequential binding of transcription factor complexes tfiiic and tfiiib .
recent evi... |
neglected bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation is a very rare condition , often related to seizures or major trauma .
open reduction is recommended whenever hill - sachs lesion is > 25% of the joint and the dislocation is elder than 3 weeks .
we describe a case report of a 28-year - old man left handed jehovah s... | introduction : neglected bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation is a very rare condition , often related to seizures or major trauma .
open reduction is recommended whenever hill - sachs lesion is > 25% of the joint and the dislocation is elder than 3 weeks.case report : we describe a case report of a 28-year - old ... |
atrophic gastritis ( ag ) is a histopathologic entity characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa with loss of gastric glandular cells and replacement by intestinal - type epithelium , pyloric - type glands , and fibrous tissue .
atrophy of the gastric mucosa is the endpoint of chronic processes , suc... | atrophic gastritis is characterized by chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa by helicobacter pylori infection and other factors .
helicobacter pylori infection has been linked to coronary artery disease . to our knowledge , however , no reports are available on the relationship between atrophic gastritis and coronar... |
reduction of health inequalities , including those between social groups and geographical areas , has been a major health policy goal in the united states ( us ) for the past 4 decades.[1 - 5 ] cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) , including heart disease and stroke , have been the number one cause of death in the united s... | objectives : this study examined trends in geographical disparities in cardiovascular - disease ( cvd ) mortality in the united states between 1969 and 2011.methods:national vital statistics data and the national longitudinal mortality study were used to estimate regional , state , and county - level disparities in cvd... |
type 1 and type 2 diabetes account for more than 95% of all diabetes cases worldwide .
although clinical characteristics show clear differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes , recent developments indicate that the pathogenesis of the two forms of the disease share a number of fundamental features .
comparative... | adipocytes release immune mediators that contribute to diabetes - associated inflammatory processes .
as the stress protein heat shock protein 60 ( hsp60 ) induces proinflammatory adipocyte activities , we hypothesized that adipocytes of diabetes - predisposed mice exhibit an increased proinflammatory reactivity to h... |
the human cornea is the main refractive surface focusing light into the eye , so its transparency is critical for vision .
globally , approximately 4.9 million individuals have bilateral cornea blindness , while 23 million are unilaterally cornea blind.1 donor tissue transplantation is the only widely accepted treatm... | corneas with severe pathologies have a high risk of rejection when conventionally grafted with human donor tissues . in this early observational study
, we grafted bioengineered corneal implants made from recombinant human collagen and synthetic phosphorylcholine polymer into three patients for whom donor cornea tran... |
transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy ( ttrfap ) is an autosomaldominant , adultonset disorder associated with over 100 different mutations in the transthyretin ( ttr ) gene that cause transthyretin protein to deposit as amyloid in peripheral and autonomic nerves , heart , gastrointestinal ( gi ) tract , kidney... | abstracttransthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy ( ttrfap ) is a rare , progressive , lifethreatening , hereditary disorder caused by mutations in the transthyretin gene and characterized by extracellular deposition of transthyretinderived amyloid fibrils in peripheral and autonomic nerves , heart , and other orga... |
once a single word is presented , its orthographically similar words are also partially activated .
coltheart first introduced the concept of orthographic neighborhood of a target word , defined as all words of the same length that can be generated by changing just one letter while preserving letter positions .
for... | the present study explored the time course of neighborhood frequency effect at the early processing stages , examining whether orthographic neighbors with higher frequency exerted an influence on target processing especially at the phonological stage by using the event - related potential ( erp ) .
thirteen undergrad... |
a cataract increases lens opacity and reduces visual acuity ( va ) , thus impairing the patient 's quality of life .
various techniques for cataract surgery have been developed since h. ridley introduced intraocular lenses ( iols ) composed of polymethylmethacrylate in 1949 .
the stability of iols allows cataract s... | purpose . to assess visual function using optical quality analysis system ( oqas ) at varying levels of contrast in pseudophakic eyes
. methods . the study included
patients admitted to seoul st .
mary 's hospital between january and february 2012 : 143 pseudophakic eyes with one of five intraocular lens types , ... |
the process involves the removal of pulp cavity content and the consequent reduction of microorganism counts , especially in non - vital teeth with periapical lesion . with proper instrumentation ,
the cavity is enlarged and smoothened to fittingly receive the filling . as tooth and canal
anatomies are equally impo... | objective : the efficiency of rotary , manual and ultrasonic root canal instrumentation techniques was investigated in proximally flattened root canals.material and methods : forty human mandibular left and right central incisors , lateral incisors and premolars were used .
the pulp tissue was removed and the root ca... |
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