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the changes of gene expression level after estrogen stimulation could be the result of hormone receptor interaction via estrogen response elements ( eres ) , activation of the target gene transcription through interaction with co - activators or over non - genomic pathways ( 1,2 ) . a number of genes whose transcrip...	estrogen has a profound impact on human physiology affecting transcription of numerous genes . to decipher functional characteristics of estrogen responsive genes , we developed knowledgebase for estrogen responsive genes ( kberg ) . genes in kberg were derived from estrogen responsive gene database ( ergdb ) and wer...
in a recent issue of critical care , brandt and coworkers performed fluid resuscitation on pigs with endotoxemia or fecal peritonitis using either moderate volumes of crystalloids ( 103 ml / kg / h ) or larger volumes of crystalloids supplemented by 130/0.4 hydroxyethyl starch ( combined 203 ml / kg / h ) . these pro...	in a recent issue of critical care , brandt and colleagues report the effects of a ' liberal ' fluid loading protocol compared to a more ' restrictive ' protocol on hemodynamics and mortality in pigs in which septic shock had been induced . it appears that the former protocol was associated with higher mortality in s...
cystatin c is a nonglycosylated , low molecular weight ( 13.250 da ) , basic protein that is a member of the cystatin superfamily of cysteine protease inhibitors [ 13 ] . it consists of 120 amino acids , it is produced by all nucleated cells at a constant rate , and it is excreted by the kidneys by free glomerular f...	background . the aim of the present study was to examine sources of variation for serum cystatin c in a healthy greek population . methods . cystatin c together with basic clinical chemistry tests was measured in a total of 490 adults ( 46 16 yrs , 40% males ) who underwent an annual health check . demographic ...
in the previous issue of critical care , huang and colleagues try to answer the unresolved question of the prognostic value of sepsis - related cardiomyopathy . since margaret parker and colleagues originally reported in 1984 that 65% of patients had significant left ventricular ( lv ) systolic dysfunction in the early...	the meta - analysis of huang and coworkers failed to find any evidence for a protective effect of a decreased left ventricular ( lv ) ejection fraction ( ef ) . these results have to be interpreted with caution since in most studies included in the meta - analysis patients with lv systolic dysfunction received inotro...
	subsequent to the first report in the 1940s on incubation of tissue sections with fluorescein - conjugated antibodies for localization of antigens , a great number of modifications were introduced to improve the validity of immunohistochemistry which has become a growingly popular tool . the use of immunoenzymatic te...
type 2 diabetes mellitus causes excessive morbidity and premature cardiovascular ( cv ) mortality . although studies have documented the benefits of optimal glycemic control on microvascular complications , the effect of tight glycemic control on macrovascular complications is unclear . in the action to control cardiov...	backgroundassociations of whole blood viscosity ( wbv ) with metabolic syndrome ( ms ) have not been extensively studied in patients with type 2 diabetes.methodsintrapersonal means of 12 measurements of waist circumference , blood pressure ( bp ) and high - density lipoprotein cholesterol and those of six measurements ...
the purpose of the danish database for cervical cancer screening is to provide an annual status for the nationwide screening program and to document the screening quality over time by monitoring nine quality indicators . the first annual report covered the activities in 2009 and the latest report covered the activiti...	aim of databaseto monitor and improve the quality of the danish national cervical cancer screening program , an annual report is published , including nine quality indicators.study populationthe screening target group consisted of 1.5 million danish women aged 2364 years , but in the calculation of quality indicators ,...
friction and resistance to sliding ( rs ) are topics that have been well studied within the orthodontic literature . kusy and whitley define rs as a combination of classical friction , binding or notching depending on the contact angle . in terms of this research terminology , classical friction is defined as the f...	orthodontic literature has shown all ligation methods to behave similarly in the clinical situation ; however , the reasoning behind this still requires further investigation . a novel frictional device able to measure forces at the level of the bracket along with a custom perturbation device was used to investigate ...
with the rise in the prevalence of obesity , the field of bariatric surgery is witnessing an ever increasing demand . along with that , comes the challenge of operating on patients with high body mass index ( bmi ) , revisional bariatric procedures ( rbp ) , managing complications and reoperative abdomens . performin...	with the rise in a number of bariatric procedures , surgeons are facing more complex and technically demanding surgical situations . robotic digital platforms potentially provide a solution to better address these challenges . this review examines the published literature on the outcomes and complications of bariat...
ectopic molar pregnancy is a rare occurrence and consequently not often considered as a diagnostic possibility . in this article , an attempt was made to stress on the need for histopathological examination and follow up of every case of ectopic pregnancy . a 30-year - old gravida 4 , para 3 , pregnant woman with a 7...	introductionectopic molar pregnancy is a rare occurrence and consequently not often considered as a diagnostic possibility . in this article , an attempt was made to stress on the need for histopathological examination and follow up of every case of ectopic pregnancy . this was substantiated with the help of a case r...
bd is a multisystemic disease that may affect any organ in different combinations ? characterized by recurrent oral aphthous ulcers , genital ulcers , uveitis , and skin lesions . involvement of the heart is called cardio - bd , which includes pericarditis , myocarditis , endocarditis , endomyocardial fibrosis , atri...	abstracta 38-year - old man with a history of recurrent genital ulceration initially diagnosed as genital herpes was admitted after presenting with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea . echocardiography revealed aneurysm formation of the sinus of valsalva . on diagnosis of an aneurysm of the sinus of valsalva associated wit...
dendrimers provide an alternative and potent means for drug delivery due to their nanometer size and the ability to incorporate various functionalities on their interior and exterior . modern chemical synthesis capabilities allow various functionalities to be incorporated on the dendrimer exterior in order to optimiz...	dendrimers have shown great promise as drug delivery vehicles in recent years because they can be synthesized with designed size and functionalities for optimal transportation , targeting , and biocompatibility . one of the most well - known termini used for biocompatibility is polyethylene glycol ( peg ) , whose per...
hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is the second most common cause of cancer - related death worldwide . with the exception of japan , hcc in asian countries most often occurs in patients with underlying chronic hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) infection through a multistep process of hepatocarcinogenesis . with the developme...	abstractthe aim of this study is to assess whether preoperative serum interleukin-6 ( il-6 ) can predict recurrence of hepatitis b virus ( hbv)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc).the association between preoperative il-6 levels and hcc recurrence following curative hepatectomy in 146 patients with chronic hbv i...
the study was approved by the ethical committee of the hospital district of southwestern finland . fourteen patients with relapsing - remitting ms ( 10 women ) initiating natalizumab treatment ( tysabri , 300 mg iv every 4 weeks ; biogen idec , cambridge , ma ) at the neurology outpatient clinic of the division of cl...	objective : to study the effects of natalizumab treatment on subgroups of circulating peripheral blood b cell populations.methods:we studied the proportions and absolute numbers of cd19+cd20 + , cd10 + , and cd5 + b cell populations , and determined very late activation antigen-4 and chemokine receptor cxcr3 , ccr5 , a...
the global population growth is estimated to increase from 6.8 million today to 8 billion by 2025 , which will put pressure on water demand from many perspectives as water is used in the production of both food and energy ( 4 ) . more people demand more food and also , with a shift in diet to more so - called western...	water is of fundamental importance for human life ; access to water of good quality is of vital concern for mankind . currently however , the situation is under severe pressure due to several stressors that have a clear impact on access to water . in the arctic , climate change is having an impact on water availabi...
accessory and cavitated uterine mass ( acum ) is a rare , newly recognized mullerian anomaly . it is an accessory cavity lined by functional endometrium within an otherwise normal uterine cavity , in contrast to the other mullerian anomalies in which the uterus is malformed . the cavitated mass is locally defined to ...	accessory and cavitated uterine mass ( acum ) is a rare form of developmental mullerian anomaly seen in young females , which presents as chronic recurrent pelvic pain and severe dysmenorrhea . it is an accessory cavity lying within an otherwise normal uterus . it is lined by functional endometrium and surrounded b...
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a chronic neurological disease that affects brain and spinal cord . it is estimated that women are affected three times more than men ( 1 ) . ms damages the myelin sheath involving the white matters of central nervous system . tentorial incisure ( also known as the tentorial notch o...	background : multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a chronic neurological disease that affects brain and spinal cord . the infratentorial region contains the cerebellum and brainstem . vestibular evoked myogenic potentials ( vemps ) are short - latency myogenic responses . cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potenti...
since 1984 , in an attempt to maintain at least part of the splenic function when the removal of the spleen is recommended , we have performed subtotal splenectomies , preserving the superior splenic pole supplied by the splenogastric vessels . this procedure was successfully used for the treatment of 130 patients wi...	highlightsfirst published case of subtotal splenectomy preserving the inferior splenic pole without the maintenance of the splenic vascular pedicle.a very large spleen hodgkin s disease was successfully treated using a partial splenectomy.a successful surgical treatment on a hodgkin s lymphoma refractory to chemo and r...
esophago - gastric location is the most common site of variceal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension and ectopic varices are responsible for 1 - 5% of cases of variceal bleeding . these may occur at any site along the gastrointestinal ( gi ) lumen including rectum , duodenum , small and the large intestine ,...	background : duodenal varices ( dv ) although an uncommon cause , are an important cause due to the severe nature of the bleed and associated adverse outcome.materials and methods : we retrospectively evaluated patients with dv seen at our institution over past 4 years.results:a total of 10 patients ( nine males ; mean...
trimethoprim ( tmp)/sulfamethoxazole ( smx ) is a broad - spectrum antimicrobial combination effective in treating a variety of microorganisms and has been used in clinical practice for more than 50 years . high response rates demonstrated in clinical studies support tmp / smx as the drug of choice for serious infect...	objectivestrimethoprim ( tmp)/sulfamethoxazole ( smx ) has consistently demonstrated great interindividual variability . therapeutic drug monitoring may be used to optimize dosing . optimal peak smx concentration has been proposed as 100 to 150 g / ml . the objective of our work was to determine the success rate of...
pegaptanib was developed in the 1990s using the selex ( selective evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment ) technique . the result was a 29-nucleotide aptamer , with a chemically modified rna backbone that increases nuclease resistance and a 5 terminus that includes a 40kd polyethylene glycol moiety for prolon...	pegaptanib sodium ( macugentm ) is a selective rna aptamer that inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) 165 , the vegf isoform primarily responsible for pathologic ocular neovascularization and vascular permeability , while sparing the physiological isoform vegf 121 . after more than 10 years in developmen...
	fluorescent nucleotide analogues , such as 2-aminopurine ( 2ap ) and pyrrolo - c ( pyc ) , have been extensively used to study nucleic acid local conformational dynamics in bulk experiments . here we present a proof - of - principle approach using 2ap and pyc fluorescence at the single - molecule level . ...
over the last decades , obesity has become a global epidemic and an important public health problem in many countries . this condition is largely due to excessive consumption of saturated fats and simple sugars [ 2 , 3 ] , which , associated with sedentarism , represent the modern lifestyle . obesity is recognized ...	the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) is not fully understood , and experimental models are an alternative to study this issue . we investigated the effects of a simple carbohydrate - rich diet on the development of obesity - related nafld and the impact of physical training on the metabolic ...
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is the most common form of dementia , characterized by progressive cognitive impairment , cerebral atrophy , and neuronal loss , with death generally occurring four to eight years after diagnosis . two pathological hallmarks of ad , extracellular neuritic plaques primarily composed of amyl...	in alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) , tau aggregates into fibrils and higher order neurofibrillary tangles , a key histopathological feature of ad . however , soluble oligomeric tau species may play a more critical role in ad progression since these tau species correlate better with neuronal loss and cognitive dysfunction ....
a large percentage of individuals ( 28%34% ) with alzheimer s disease ( ad ) live alone in their own homes,1,2 and it is reasonable to assume that the number of solitary - living elderly individuals with dementia will increase in the future . the longer life expectancy of humans implies the rise of ad prevalence rates....	introductionmany individuals with alzheimer s disease ( ad ) live alone , and this figure is expected to increase . this study aimed to describe the cognitive and functional abilities of solitary - living ad patients , and the potential predictors of their usage of community - based services.methodsthis 3-year , pros...
paragangliomas ( pgls ) are uncommon tumors ( incidence 1 - 2 per 100,000 ) and based on their locations , the tumors are often given special designations . only three percent ( 3% ) of all pgls occur within the head and neck of which the majority are located in the carotid body ( carotid body tumors ) , temporal - bon...	paragangliomas ( pgls ) are uncommon tumors . although pgls are known to occur in the head and neck region , especially the carotid body , middle ear , and larynx , involvement of the parotid glands has not been reported . in this article , we report the fine needle aspiration features of tumor in an unusual location...
the most common fracture of the orbital wall in the pediatric age group is involvement of floor . possibly , because of the greater elasticity of the orbital bones in the pediatric population , they are more prone to fracture with less force of injury . many studies have indicated that early diagnosis and surgical ...	blowout fractures are a common occurrence in traumatic brain injury patients . in pediatric age group , orbital floor fracture is a common occurrence . we report a case of 2-year - old male admitted to trauma center , with penetrating injury to the left eye by the clutch of motorbike which fell on the child . non...
the ability of lasers to induce hair growth was incidentally noted as early as 1967 when mester et al . used low - level laser therapy ( lllt ) to treat cancer in mice with shaved backs . since then , hypertrichosis has been recognized to be a possible side - effect of laser treatment . first described in 2002 with...	background : androgenetic alopecia ( aga ) is the most common form of hair loss in men and in women . currently , minoxidil and finasteride are the treatments with the highest levels of medical evidence , but patients who exhibit intolerance or poor response to these treatments are in need of additional treatment modal...
emblica officinalis fruits were purchased from the local market and authenticated by our faculty taxonomist dr . a. s. reddy , and voucher specimen was retained in the departmental herbarium ( rav # 01 ) . the pulp was extracted , air dried , ground to powder and stored in an air tight container . a quantitative ...	purpose of the study was to examine the antihyperglycemic and hepato - renal protective effects of emblica officinalis ( eo ) fruit as a food supplement in fluoride induced toxicity . eo fruit powder was incorporated into the diet ( 2.5 , 5 and 10 gm % ) of fluoride exposed animals for a duration of 30 days . fluor...
flax is a food and fiber crop that is grown in some regions of the world . its value will account for its great popularity as a food , medical and cosmetic applications . flax fibers are taken from the stem of the plant and are two to three times as strong as cotton . in this study , we compared brain weight and ...	background : flax is a food and fiber crop that is grown in some regions of the world . its value will account for its great popularity as a food , medical and cosmetic applications . flax fibers are taken from the stem of the plant and are two to three times as strong as cotton . in this study , we compared brain we...
animals were housed in wire cages in temperature and humiditycontrolled rooms with a 12h light / dark cycle , with food and water adlibitum . general anaesthesia was achieved by an intraperitoneal injection of 0.1% xylazine ( 13 mg / kg ) and 0.1% ketamine ( 87 mg / kg ) . a midcrestal incision was made on the ma...	abstractaimthis study evaluated the effects of a topical herbal patch ( periopatch ) for gingival wound healing in a rat model.materials and methodsa midcrestal incision was performed on each side of the edentulous anterior maxilla in 48 , 6monthold , wistar rats . fullthickness flaps were raised , repositioned and s...
patients with cleft palate often exhibit nasality , which is a distinctive feature and an important target in speech therapy and rehabilitation . to evaluate velopharyngeal function , the aerodynamic and acoustic aspects of nasalization have been studied . an aerodynamic exam can diagnose the degree of velopharynge...	objectives . to clarify the difference between lyapunov exponents ( les ) for cleft palate ( cp ) patients with hypernasality versus without hypernasality and to investigate the relationship between their les and nasalance scores ( nss ) . material and methods . six cp patients with severe hypernasality ( mean age ...
recurrence of c. difficile was defined as confirmed presence of c. difficile toxin via polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) after complete resolution of diarrhea for a minimum of 2 weeks and a maximum of 6 months and the completion of antibiotic therapy ( 5 , 7 ) . rf is a statistical model used for classification and r...	background clostridium difficile infection ( cdi ) is a growing problem in the community and hospital setting . its incidence has been on the rise over the past two decades , and it is quickly becoming a major concern for the health care system . high rate of recurrence is one of the major hurdles in the successf...
xylanases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of 1,4--d xylosidic linkages in xylan , the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature after cellulose , and the most abundant hemicellulose in plant cell walls [ 1 , 2 ] . there has been a resurgence in interest in microbial xylanases due to their numerous uses in ...	with the rising cost and finite supply of fossil energy , there is an increasing economic incentive for the development of clean , efficient , and renewable domestic energy . the activities of microorganisms offer the potential conversion of lignocellulosic materials into fermentable sugars , usable for downstream fe...
the incidence of blunt cardiac rupture among hospital admissions for trauma is only approximately 0.16%2% [ 46 ] . however , the actual incidence may be higher because many victims may die before arrival at the hospital . with advances in traumatology , several studies have investigated the prognostic factors assoc...	backgroundblunt traumatic cardiac rupture is rare . however , such cardiac ruptures carry a high mortality rate . this study reviews our experience treating blunt traumatic cardiac rupture.methodsthis retrospective study included 21 patients who experienced blunt traumatic cardiac rupture from 1999 to 2015 . ever...
tumor vascularization , vital to neoplastic progression , provides nutrients and oxygen to the tumor [ 13 ] . proliferation of vessel - forming endothelial cells is a limiting factor for tumor growth [ 47 ] . accordingly , targeting tumor vessel proliferation decreases blood flow and nutrient availability , thus sl...	mature vasculature contains an endothelial cell lining with a surrounding sheath of pericytes / vascular smooth muscle cells ( vsmcs ) . tumor vessels are immature and lack a pericyte sheath . colocalization of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( vegfr-2 ) and platelet - derived growth factor receptor b...
	protein folding cooperativity is defined by the nature of the finite - size thermodynamic transition exhibited upon folding : two - state transitions show a free - energy barrier between the folded and unfolded ensembles , while downhill folding is barrierless . a microcanonical analysis , where the energy is the nat...
serotonin transporter gene ( slc6a4 , solute carrier family 6 , member 4 ) encodes an integral plasma membrane protein that plays a major role in the regulation of serotonin neurotransmission ( 1 ) . it has been widely recognized as the target sites of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( ssris ) , which have bee...	there have been numerous studies on the association between 5-httlpr ( polymorphisms in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene ) and anxiety - related personality traits , with conflicting results . in this study , we administered korean version of the temperament and character inventory ( k - tci ) to a...
researchers worldwide have embraced the fact that graphene , a two - dimensional sp hybrid of carbon atoms with a honeycomb structure , is without doubt an extraordinary substance that has been extensively investigated either on its own13 or as a composite material.4,5 the intriguing mechanical , thermal , electrical ,...	backgroundthree - dimensional assembly of graphene hydrogel is rapidly attracting the interest of researchers because of its wide range of applications in energy storage , electronics , electrochemistry , and waste water treatment . information on the use of graphene hydrogel for biological purposes is lacking , so w...
embryonic development involves spatial and temporal patterns of cellular differentiation and the shaping of form . how do embryonic tissues organize in space and time such that a field of distinct cells emerges reliably ? this question has fascinated developmental biologists for decades . early in the last century ...	morphogen gradients , which specify different fates for cells in a direct concentration - dependent manner , are a highly influential framework in which pattern formation processes in developmental biology can be characterized . a common analysis approach is combining experimental and theoretical strategies , thereby...
the western denmark heart registry ( wdhr ) is a clinical database within a population - based health care system . to improve cardiac treatment quality , the danish national board of health decided in 1993 to increase the number of invasive cardiac interventions in denmark.1 in response to this initiative , the wdhr...	background : the western denmark heart registry ( wdhr ) has not previously been described as a research tool in clinical epidemiology.objectives:we examined the setting , organization , content , data quality , and research potential of the wdhr.method:we collected information from members of the wdhr organization , i...
ameloblastic fibro - odontoma ( afo ) is defined as a benign odontogenic tumor with slow growing behavior . afo is characterized by histologic features of ameloblastic fibroma ( af ) with the formation of enamel and dentine . this is a case report of afo accompanied with a number of impacted deciduous teeth and its...	introductionameloblastic fibro - odontoma ( afo ) is defined as a benign odontogenic tumor with slow growing behavior . its prevalence is rare . afo is characterized by histologic features of ameloblastic fibroma ( af ) with the formation of enamel and dentine . case presentationthis is a case report of afo accom...
pseudofolliculitis of the beard area is a very common dermatological problem in our geographical region . this could be partly because of the racial predilection as a large percentage of the population has curly hair and also may be due to local cultural customs which unlike the west do not encourage daily shaving...	background : pseudofolliculitis of the beard area is a very common dermatological problem in our geographical region . this could be partly because of the racial predilection as a large percentage of the population has curly hair and also may be due to local cultural customs , unlike the west do not encourage daily s...
superficial fungal infection is a global problem with an estimated 20 - 25% of the world 's population having cutaneous mycoses . it is also noteworthy that the prevalence of a particular mycosis is influenced by local socioeconomic conditions and cultural practices . thus , the choice of therapy at times is guided...	background : superficial fungal infections are common and treatment imposes economic burden on the patients . government of india had introduced price control over griseofulvin and tolnaftate in 1995 ; however , this measure can only benefit the needy if the policy is harmonized with the health - care service provide...
we examined hiv - positive injection drug users from manipur who had been identified as anti - hbc positive during previous serosurveys conducted by the national institute of cholera and enteric diseases ( 2 ) . serum samples ( stored at 80c ) taken from 63 men 1825 years of age were available for the study . hbsa...	prevalence of hepatitis b genotype c in injection drug users in the northeastern indian state of manipur , neighboring the " golden triangle , " correlates well with overland drug - trafficking routes , the injection drug use epidemic , and the spread of hiv . further spread to other regions of india through mobile p...
. however , several precorneal factors such as lacrimal secretion ( tear turn over and reflux tearing ) , tear protein binding , ph , shorter contact time , and other corneal constraints limit drug penetration . moreover , presence of various uptake and efflux transporters in cornea also reposted to further complicat...	this study was undertaken to determine in vivo permeability coefficients for fluoroquinolones and to assess its correlation with the permeability derived using reported models in the literature . further , the aim was to develop novel qspr model to predict corneal permeability for fluoroquinolones and test its suitab...
vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) is still a major challenge in the world , especially in developing countries . a report in 2012 reported about 35.3 million people are living with hiv of which 2.3 million are new infections whereas an estimated 3.3 million infected people are less than 15...	knowledge of pregnant women on the three periods of mother - to - child transmission ( mtct ) of hiv has implication for child hiv acquisition . this study aims to assess the knowledge of pregnant women on mother - to - child transmission of hiv and to identify associated factors in meket district , northeast ethiopi...
rotaviral diarrhea ( rd ) is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children ( 1 , 2 ) . almost all children younger than 5 years old will have suffered from rd , with > 500,000 deaths , > 2 million hospitalizations , and > 25 million clinic visits each year ( 3 , 4 ) . the rotavirus can infect the intestinal ...	backgroundrotaviral diarrhea ( rd ) has been associated with the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota in infants ; however , the differences in the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota between infants with rd and healthy ( h ) infants have not been clearly elucidated.objectivesthis study aimed to reveal the changes in ...
according to who report , osteoporosis is one of the top 10 global diseases of 21 century attributed by an altered bone turnover rate due to impaired activity of osteoblast and over activity of osteoclast . antiresorptive and bone forming drugs are two foremost choices available for the treatment of osteoporosis . mo...	osteoporosis is one of the top 10 global diseases of 21 st century . the altered bone turnover rate has been attributed to impaired activity of osteoblasts and over - activity of osteoclasts . anti - resorptive and bone forming therapies are the two choices available for the treatment of osteoporosis . in the mini ...
for analyses of allele frequency differentiation across populations and allele frequency distributions , we used subsets of snps from hapmap ( public release # 21a ) which were ascertained uniformly across the genome so that the data sets are appropriate for population genetic analysis8 . all the snps in our study ar...	comparisons of chromosome x and the autosomes can illuminate differences in the histories of males and females as well as the forces of natural selection . we compared the patterns of variation in these parts of the genome using two data sets that we assembled for this study that are both genomic in scale . three i...
irritable bowel syndrome ( ibs ) is a functional disease with persisting gastrointestinal symptoms , mainly abdominal pain / discomfort and abnormal defecation , not accompanied by an organic disease.1 the cause of ibs is unknown , but a number of factors are thought to play a role , such as altered gastrointestinal mo...	irritable bowel syndrome ( ibs ) is a functional disease with persisting gastrointestinal symptoms that has been classified into four subtypes . serotonin ( 5-hydroxytryptamine [ 5-ht ] ) plays important physiological roles in the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle . intraluminal distension of the intestin...
however , this is not a new disease and it was clinically described and treated for the first time by rhazes ( 865 - 925 ce ) . the disease was also mentioned in the canon of medicine by avicenna ( 9801037 ) . we searched in scopus , web of science , and pubmed for allergic rhinitis , interactions , non - pr...	background : allergic rhinitis is the most common diseases affecting people in industrialized society . however , this is not a new disease and it was clinically described and treated for the first time by rhazes ( 865 - 925 ce ) . the disease was also mentioned in the canon of medicine by avicenna ( 9801037).met...
pagetoid reticulosis ( pr ) is an uncommon disease clinically characterized by the presence of solitary , psoriasiform , slowly growing cutaneous plaques located on the extremities and , at histological level , by a characteristic dense inflammatory infiltrate with pagetoid spread within the dermis and the upper dermis...	pagetoid reticulosis ( pr ) is a rare form of cutaneous t - cell lymphoma [ mod pathol 2000;13:502510 ] . two variants of the disease are described : the localized type woringer - kolopp disease ( wkd ) and the disseminated type ketron - goodman disease ( kgd ) . kgd may have disseminated lesions , high rate of rec...
an appendiceal origin of the lower gastrointestinal bleeding ( lgib ) is extremely rare.1 to obtain its proper diagnosis , though a various diagnostic modalities have been approached , like angiography,2 radionuclide scintigraphy,3 multi - detector computed tomography ( mdct),4 or colonoscopy , it is still difficult to...	massive rectal bleeding from the appendix , considered a rare case of lower gastrointestinal bleeding , is not easily recognized by various diagnostic modalities . a multidisciplinary approach for both a diagnosis and a differential diagnosis is important because the identification of the bleeding site is crucial to ...
various decisions are made on using technology at all levels of the health system in every country which usually include coordinating complicated medical issues with matters related to patients , organizational , economic and moral factors . also , providing appropriate inputs for health policy- makers which depend o...	background : various decisions have been made on technology application at all levels of the health system in different countries around the world . health technology assessment is considered as one of the best scientific tools at the service of policy- makers . this study attempts to investigate the current challeng...
seborrheic keratosis ( sk ) is common benign epidermal proliferation , which can occur anywhere in the skin the exception of palms , soles , and mucosa ( there was only one report of mucosal sk in the conjunctiva ) . sk involving the genital region is a rare entity , which can be easily misdiagnosed as genital warts ...	genital seborrheic keratosis ( sk ) is a rare entity , which can be easily misdiagnosed as genital warts . dermoscopy is a useful tool to make diagnosis of sk in such cases . we report a 50-year - old woman with a large polypoidal growth on the external genitalia . dermoscopic examination showed fissures and ridg...
in recent years , near - infrared spectroscopy ( nirs ) is increasingly used to monitor regional cerebral oxygen saturation ( rso2 ) during cardiac surgery . in fact , neurologic injury is still a common complication after cardiac surgery , with rates of postoperative neurocognitive decline ( poncd ) and stroke of up...	introductionseveral near - infrared spectroscopy oximeters are commercially available for clinical use , with lack of standardization among them . accordingly , cerebral oxygen saturation thresholds for hypoxia / ischemia identified in studies conducted with invostm models do not necessarily apply to other devices . ...
the first glimpse of the ctd structure was through its interaction with human pin1 , a unique prolyl isomerase that catalyzes cis / trans isomerization of specific phos.ser/thr-pro motifs in signaling proteins ( 1316 ) . identification and characterization of this novel peptidyl - prolyl cis / trans isomerase ( ppias...	in eukaryotic cells , the transcription of genes is accurately orchestrated both spatially and temporally by the c - terminal domain of rna polymerase ii ( ctd ) . the ctd provides a dynamic platform to recruit different regulators of the transcription apparatus . different posttranslational modifications are preci...
pulp necrosis and interruption of tooth development , which result in incompletely formed roots with wide open apices , reduced root length , and fragile thin dentinal walls , may be the consequences of physical trauma or endodontic infection of a tooth with an immature apex . apexification is a treatment used to sea...	background : dental pulp stem cells can be used in regenerative endodontic therapy . the aim of this study was to introduce an efficient method for dental pulp stem cells isolation.materials and methods : in this in - vitro study , 60 extracted human third molars were split and pulp tissue was extracted . dental pulp...
o2 battery has been widely investigated because of its extremely high theoretical energy density amounting to 3500 wh / kg for the overall battery reaction . in the past 10 years , significant progress has been realized in understanding the complex chemistry that governs the functioning of this battery system...	the lithium air , or li o2 , battery system is a promising electrochemical energy storage system because of its very high theoretical specific energy , as required by automotive applications . fundamental research has resulted in much progress in mitigating detrimental ( electro)chemical processes ; however ...
among the elderly , the prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders is fairly significant . in qubec , canada , 12% of seniors exhibit symptoms of this type.1 in france , in any given month , the prevalence of depression and anxiety in older individuals varies from 8% to 11%.2 older persons affected by a mental disorder...	purposethe objective of this study was to identify the maladaptive sleep - related cognitions most often maintained by the elderly , according to the presence or absence of anxiety and mood disorders . the presence of dysfunctional sleep - related beliefs and attitudes at bedtime in asymptomatic , depressive , and an...
systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that is caused by the loss of tolerance to one s own antigens and the production of autoantibodies forming immune complexes that are deposited in various organs , which induces an inflammatory response . sle development is triggered by gene...	systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) in children is usually more severe than it is in adults and there is a higher incidence of renal involvement . we described 18 children ( 16 girls , 2 boys ) with lupus nephritis ( ln ) , whose average age was 14.4 1.81 years . disease activity was assessed according to sledai (...
measurement of the outcome is critical for any decision - making and results of evaluations in all medical circumstances . the japan orthopaedic association ( joa ) developed and published a specific instrument to measure outcomes for patients with low back problems in 1986.1 it was called the joa score rating system...	backgroundthe project to develop a new japanese orthopaedic association ( joa ) score rating system for low back disorders , the joa back pain evaluation questionnaire ( joabpeq ) , is currently in progress . part 1 of the study selected 25 candidate items for use on the joabpeq . the purpose of this current part ...
they are characterized by the presence of the following ( 1 ) hydrazone schiff bases of acyl , aroyl , and heteroaroyl compounds have an addition donor sites like c = o . this versatility has made hydrazones good polydentate chelating agents that can form a variety of complexes with various transition and inner t...	two new macrocyclic hydrazone schiff bases were synthesized by reaction of succindihydrazide and adipdihydrazide with acetylacetone . hydrazones have been characterized by elemental analyses and ir , mass , 1h nmr , and 13c nmr spectral data . hydrazones have been studied by liquid - liquid extraction towards the...
silent lacunar infarction ( sli ) has commonly been regarded as a benign subtype of stroke , associated with relatively mild disability . most previous studies reported a close link between fresh infarcts and post - stroke depression ( psd ) . psd is defined as depression occurring in the context of a clinically a...	most previous studies reported a close link between fresh infarcts and post - stroke depression . however , studies on the relation of depression and silent lacunar infarction ( sli ) are limited . this study aims to analyze the effects of sli and the vascular risk factors on depression . a total of 243 patients ...
expectations of scientific research run high . internationally , funding bodies and government agencies have placed increasing emphasis on the outcomes and impact of scientific endeavour ( campbell et al . the promise of science lies in expectations of the benefits bioscience can bring to societies and is matched by ...	the promise of science lies in expectations of its benefits to societies and is matched by expectations of the realisation of the significant public investment in that science . in this paper , we undertake a methodological analysis of the science of biobanking and a sociological analysis of translational research in r...
hypotension is a known effect of atypical antipsychotics . in addition , the prevalence of orthostatic hypotension in the elderly is estimated to be between 5% and 33% and increases with age.1 orthostatic hypotension is a common side effect of a number of medications , including antipsychotic drugs , and a major contri...	aripiprazole is widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders . although antipsychotics generally have hypotensive effects , two cases were identified that demonstrated hypertension during the switch from other antipsychotics to aripiprazole . the hypertensive state of these patients recovered...
more than 60 diseases and injuries resulting in approximately 2.5 million deaths per year worldwide are linked to heavy alcohol drinking ( edwards et al . , 2011 ) . the number of current available medications for the treatment of alcohol dependence is limited , and most treatments show only moderate efficacy . pro...	the brain histaminergic system is one of the diffuse modulatory neurotransmitter systems which regulate neuronal activity in many brain areas . studies on both rats and mice indicate that histamine h3 receptor antagonists decrease alcohol drinking in several models , like operant alcohol administration and drinking i...
cerebrospinal fluid is a functional system closely connected to the brain , and changes or variations in the csf may mean an alteration in the brain expressed by encephalic disorders . however , the composition of csf may also be altered by systemic diseases , such as arterial hypertension , and cerebral ventricular ...	the aim of the present work is to analyze the cerebrospinal fluid proteomic profile , trying to find possible biomarkers of the effects of hypertension of the blood to csf barrier disruption in the brain and their participation in the cholesterol and -amyloid metabolism and inflammatory processes . cerebrospinal flui...
	gold nanoparticles ( aunps ) demonstrate great promise in biomedical applications due to their plasmonically enhanced imaging properties . when in close proximity , aunps plasmonic fields couple together , increasing their scattering cross - section due to the formation of hot spots , improving their imaging ...
sleep disorders are increasingly recognized as important factors in glucose metabolism and the development of type 2 diabetes . sleep - disordered breathing ( sdb ) , a condition characterized by a reduction or complete cessation of airflow during sleep , has repeatedly been linked to impaired glucose tolerance and i...	objectivewe examined the associations of symptoms of sleep - disordered breathing ( sdb ) , which was defined as loud snoring , stopping breathing for a while during sleep , and daytime sleepiness , and insomnia with glucose metabolism and incident type 2 diabetes in older adults.research design and methodsbetween 1989...
a 64yearold woman presented with 68 sharply demarcated , darkly pigmented macules around the anus ( fig . 1 ) and a 3month history of intermittent rectal bleeding . the patient underwent a colonoscopy and an ulcerated 3.6 cm in diameter , polypoid , pigmented tumor of the anorectal verge was found ( fig . based on ...	key clinical messageprimary mucosal melanoma occurs in under 2% of melanomas . anorectal melanoma is a rare disorder , approximately accounting for 1% of all anorectal carcinomas . primary anorectal melanoma presents predominantly in women , in the 4th6th decade of life . typical clinical manifestations include r...
two recent national advisory committees on social security recommend major shifts in medicare financing to preserve the financial viability of the social security trust funds . this paper estimates the income redistribution consequences of the two proposals , concentrating especially on the often - ignored financing bu...	two recent national advisory committees on social security recommended major shifts in medicare financing to preserve the financial viability of the social security trust funds . this paper estimates the income redistribution consequences of the two proposals , in contrast to current law , using a micro - simulation mo...
the prosthetic rehabilitation for maxillectomy patients aims at separation of oral and nasal cavities to allow adequate deglutition and articulation , to restore the midfacial contour and to provide acceptable esthetic results . lack of support , retention and stability are common problems associated with patients wh...	edentulous patients with maxillectomy defects present a significant challenge for prosthetic rehabilitation and the adaptive capabilities of the patient as retention is highly compromised . hence , the option of using endosseous implants to increase obturator retention has been used . a patient of mucormycosis of t...
the incidence of central venous catheter ( cvc ) malpositions ranges from 3.6 to 14% . ultrasound has reduced some of the complications during its insertion , but can not locate the catheter tip in relation to heart . only transesophageal echocardiography can accurately detect a cvc tip in relation to superior vena c...	central venous catheter ( cvc ) insertions are increasingly performed in surgical patients and intensive therapy . a simple and invasive procedure performed under strict sterile precautions with complications ranging from arrhythmias ; infections ; and life - threatening complications such as pericardial tamponade , ca...
at the first medical examination , the sister was 7 years 8 months old , and the brother was 5 years 3 months old . neither sibling had any specific birth history . slit lamp microscopic examination revealed no abnormalities in the anterior segments of either eye , in either patient . the best corrected visual acui...	we report a case of one sister and brother with mirror image myopic anisometropia . one sister and brother complained visual disturbance . the sister was 10 years 11 months old , and brother was 8 years 4 months old . full ophthalmic examinations were performed , including slit lamp examination , intraocular pres...
slipped capital femoral epiphysis ( scfe ) is a common hip disorder in adolescents , characterized by medial and posterior displacement of the proximal femoral epiphysis on the metaphysis . in contrast , some hips may slip in a posterolateral displacement , producing an apparent valgus deformity and a so - called val...	we report an interesting case of a 17-year - old normal - statured female who was diagnosed with congenital panhypopituitarism due to pituitary hypoplasia at the presentation of bilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis . we emphasized the importance of endocrinologic evaluation in patients with atypical slipped ca...
chemokines ( cks ) are low molecular weight chemoattractant peptides , belonging to the cytokine family . differently from interleukins , cks act via g protein - coupled receptors ( gpcrs ) , controlling cell migration and trafficking throughout the body , during immune response and development [ 3 , 4 ] . cks ar...	chemokines are chemotactic regulators of immune surveillance in physiological and pathological conditions such as inflammation , infection , and cancer . several chemokines and cognate receptors are constitutively expressed in the central nervous system , not only in glial and endothelial cells but also in neurons , ...
microbial fermentation ensures production of industrially important metabolites in large quantities . implication of rdna technology in microbial fermentations offers production of desired heterologous proteins at large scale . apart from the proteins , nature offers diverse classes of complex metabolites ( isoprenoi...	the yeast strain ( saccharomyces cerevisiae ) mtcc 3157 was selected for combinatorial biosynthesis of plant sesquiterpene amorpha-4,11-diene . our main objective was to overproduce amorpha 4 - 11-diene , which is a key precursor molecule of artemisinin ( antimalarial drug ) produced naturally in plant artemisia ...
the annual costs of major depressive disorder ( mdd ) are estimated at 83.1 billion dollars in the united states , with nearly two thirds of this cost arising from functional disability . the costs of mdd are high in part because it takes so long for patients to recover from the illness . current treatment guidelin...	during the past several years , we have achieved a deeper understanding of the etiology / pathophysiology of major depressive disorder ( mdd ) . however , this improved understanding has not translated to improved treatment outcome . treatment often results in symptomatic improvement , but not full recovery . clini...
based on the results of molecular phylogenetic analysis , the mucorales , the core group of the traditional zygomycota , have been reclassified into the subphylum mucoromycotina of the new division , glomeromycota ( 1 ) . these fungi are ubiquitous saprophytes that are scattered widely in nature , food , soil , and a...	backgroundthe mucorales are an important opportunistic fungi that can cause mucormycosis in immunocompromised patients . the fast and precise diagnosis of mucormycosis is very important because , if the diagnosis is not made early enough , dissemination often occurs . it is now well established that molecular metho...
to date , most allosteric drugs have been discovered through high - throughput screening . but growing databases of biomolecular structure and sequence data , in conjunction with increases in computing power and improvements in predictive algorithms , are enabling the rational de novo design of allosteric d...	allosteric drug development holds promise for delivering medicines that are more selective and less toxic than those that target orthosteric sites . to date , the discovery of allosteric binding sites and lead compounds has been mostly serendipitous , achieved through high - throughput screening . over the pa...
to create the building blocks that make up the synthetic promoters oligonucleotide pairs , each with a 5 phosphate , were annealed by being boiled and then slowly cooled to room temperature ( see supplementary information for building block sequences ) . 15 l of 50 m double stranded building blocks were then ligated ...	transcription factor binding sites ( tfbs ) are being discovered at a rapid pace1 , 2 . we must now begin to turn our attention towards understanding how these sites work in combination to influence gene expression . quantitative models that accurately predict gene expression from promoter sequence3 - 5 will be a c...
mast cells are the key effector cell of the biological response to anaphylaxis with the release of various mediators of inflammation . the frequency of anaphylaxis is approximately 502000 episodes/100,000 persons and has a lifetime prevalence of 0.052.0% . recent studies have shown that there is an increase in inci...	objectives : this study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge of health care providers regarding anaphylaxis and its management at a tertiary care teaching hospital.materials and methods : a pretested structured questionnaire was administered to interns , mbbs phase ii students , and nursing students . the s...
the presentations at the session demonstrated that current species recognition in lichen forming - fungi vastly underestimates the true number of species . based on phylogenetic and population studies , many cases were presented showing that numerous distinct lineages are hidden under a single species name . the is...	this contribution provides a synopsis of the presentations and discussions during the sig session on cryptic speciation in lichen - forming fungi held during imc9 . in several cases , a re - examination of morphology against the background of molecular phylogenetic evidence revealed , sometimes subtle , morphological a...
	the cystic fibrosis ( cf ) respiratory tract is inhabited by complex polymicrobial communities [ 14 ] . the sinonasal site has been proposed as a gateway and reservoir for subsequent pulmonary infection with the major cf pathogens like pseudomonas aeruginosa [ 5 , 6 ] . to colonise and infect the lungs , the bacter...
a range of ii - vi semiconductor nanoheterostructures has been synthesized , including spherical core - shell particles , seeded nanorods , and seeded tetrapods . these heterostructures allow for sophisticated manipulation of photons and carriers at the nanoscale and exhibit many interesting phenomena , including ext...	we demonstrate a method for the synthesis of multicomponent nanostructures consisting of cds and cdse with rod and tetrapod morphologies . a seeded synthesis strategy is used in which spherical seeds of cdse are prepared first using a hot - injection technique . by controlling the crystal structure of the seed to be ...
the smile design theory can be broken down into four parts : facial esthetics , gingival esthetics , microesthetics and macroesthetics . gingival esthetics involves health of the gingiva , shape of the interdental papilla and the presence or absence of black triangles . microesthetic features involve the anatomy of...	background : different proportions are described in the literature for smile designing , such as golden proportion , golden percentage , preston 's proportion , and recently , recurring esthetic dental ( red ) proportion.aims and objectives : to evaluate the existence of red proportion in natural dentition . to determi...
according to the korean society for the study of obesity , about 30% of the korean population is classified as overweight or obese , which has been linked to the development of various malignant diseases , including colorectal cancer and breast cancer . according to data from the korea central cancer registry in 2008 ,...	purposewe investigated the correlation between body mass index ( bmi ) and the prognosis of castration - resistant prostate cancer ( crpc ) in patients who received docetaxel treatment.materials and methodsa retrospective study was conducted of 55 patients who were diagnosed with crpc and received docetaxel treatment b...
in being responsible for about 350,000 new cases and 150,000 deaths yearly in france , cancer is a major health problem and its surveillance the utmost public health concern . regarding surveillance , francim , the french network of cancer registries , is responsible for exhaustive collections of cancer cases in 10 t...	objective . use of cancer cases from registries and pmsi claims database to estimate dpartement - specific incidence of four major cancers . methods . case extraction used principal diagnosis then surgery codes . pmsi cases / registry cases ratios for 2004 were modelled then dpartement - specific incidence for 2007 e...
the most common manifestation of primary epstein - barr virus ( ebv ) infection is acute infectious mononucleosis , a self - limited clinical syndrome that most frequently affects adolescents and young adults . serology is one of the cardinal means of diagnosing ebv infection as antibody search for viral capsid antig...	the presence of an isolated viral capsid antigen ( vca ) igg pattern in serum is not easy to interpret without the aid of further tests , such as specific immunoblotting or a virus genome search , that often give rise to organisational and economic problems . however , one alternative is to use an enzyme - linked i...
excessive accumulation of fat in the liver , that is , intrahepatic triglyceride ( ihtg ) , is associated with increased prevalence rates of and risk for dyslipidemia , diabetes , and cardiovascular disease [ 13 ] . data from epidemiological as well as metabolic studies indicate that increased ihtg content is acc...	an increase in intrahepatic triglyceride ( ihtg ) content is the hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) and is strongly associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia . although regular aerobic exercise improves metabolic function , its role in regulating fat accumulation in the liver is incomplete...
the number of flies transported by means of ventilation air into a broiler house in denmark was counted from july 22 , 2003 , to july 28 , 2003 , and the campylobacter carriage rate of flies captured in the environment of the broiler house was estimated . the study period was chosen because flies generally peak in ac...	a total of 8.2% of flies caught outside a broiler house in denmark had the potential to transmit campylobacter jejuni to chickens , and hundreds of flies per day passed through the ventilation system into the broiler house . our study suggests that flies may be an important source of campylobacter infection of broile...
female nod / ltj and bdc2.5-nod , wild - type c57bl/6 , h-2 c57bl/6 , and mhc ii c57bl/6 were purchased from the jackson laboratory ( bar harbor , me ) . all mice were maintained in a pathogen - free room at city of hope research animal facilities ( duarte , ca ) . flow cytometry staining and analysis , cd11c enric...	objectiveinduction of mixed or complete chimerism via hematopoietic cell transplantation ( hct ) from nonautoimmune donors could prevent or reverse type 1 diabetes ( t1d ) . in clinical settings , hla - matched hct is preferred to facilitate engraftment and reduce the risk for graft versus host disease ( gvhd ) . y...
-stacking in radical dimers , some of which are illustrated in chart 1 in the form of the constituent monomers , is responsible for the formation of a very interesting class of chemical compounds which display favored packing geometries as described by the maximum multicenter overlap principle between neighbo...	the concept of a double - bonded pancake bonding mechanism is introduced to explain the extremely short stacking contacts in dimers of dithiatriazines . while ordinary single pancake bonds occur between radicals and already display significantly shorter interatomic distances in comparison to van der waals ...
west nile virus ( wnv ) is not restricted by international borders and involves all continents , revealing adaptation of the virus with different ecological zones . mosquitoes and birds , as vector and reservoir respectively , play an important role in the virus circulation . several studies have defined the potent...	background : geographic distribution of west nile virus ( wnv ) is heterogeneous in iran by a high circulation in the southern - western areas . the objective of our study was to determine environmental and climatic factors associated with the risk of wnv equine seropositivity in iran.methods:serological data were ob...
hemizygous and homozygous deletions on the long arm of chromosome 13 are the most common genetic aberrations in b - cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) and monoclonal b - cell lymphocytosis ( mbl ) , occurring in approximately 50 percent of cases . the reported deletions are usually large and heterogeneous in s...	loss of 13q14.3 is a chromosomal event found in approximately 50 percent of b - cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( cll ) and monoclonal b - cell lymphocytosis ( mbl ) cases . surveys of somatic alterations in solid tumors have shown sporadic 13q14.3 loss in many different tumor types , but not at high frequency in a...
neonatal hypoxic - ischemic encephalopathy ( nhie ) is a neurologic disorder that can cause disturbances in global development of children.1 2 it is the most prevalent neurologic disorder in the neonatal period , and the deleterious effects of hypoxia and ischemia can affect the central nervous system of newborns.1 ...	introduction neonatal hypoxic - ischemic encephalopathy ( nhie ) is a common neurologic injury , and it may compromise the child 's language and cognition . understanding the process of language acquisition becomes possible with concise knowledge about children 's global development . objective the aim of this stud...
mosquitoes were sampled in rural areas interspersed with fragments of secondary forest at agronomy center for the vale do ribeira ( fig . 1 ) . three localities equidistant by 1 km were selected to install one mmi , one cdc with co 2 and lurex3 [ cdc with co 2 and lactic acid ( cdc - a ) ] and one cdc - lt ...	in several countries , surveillance of insect vectors is accomplished with automatic traps . this study addressed the performance of mosquito magnet independence ( mmi ) in comparison with those of cdc with co2 and lactic acid ( cdc - a ) and cdc light trap ( cdc - lt ) . the collection sites were in a rural ...
in herpes simplex encephalitis ( hse ) , the gray matter of the temporal and frontal lobes is predominantly destroyed by many foci of hemorrhage and necrosis . the lesions usually begin either unilaterally or bilaterally in the medial temporal cortex with bilateral spread along limbic pathways to the orbital fron...	we report a 51-year old male with herpes simplex encephalitis ( hse ) showing unusual progression and magnetic resonance ( mr ) findings . the initial neurological manifestation of intractable focal seizure with low - grade fever persisted for three days , and rapidly coma , myoclonic status , and respiratory f...

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