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pressure is a fundamental thermodynamic variable that can modulate protein structure , dynamics , and function . the effect of hydrostatic pressure on protein stability has been studied extensively , including many studies that have explored how protein denaturation occurs under high - pressure conditions . a...
density is an easily adjusted variable in molecular dynamics ( md ) simulations . thus , pressure - jump ( p - jump)-induced protein refolding , if it could be made fast enough , would be ideally suited for comparison with md . although pressure denaturation perturbs secondary structure less than temperatur...
it is used extensively in the manufacture of epoxy resins , polycarbonate plastics , and food and beverage containers and also in cigarette filters and carbonless copy paper used in credit card receipts and thermal imaging papers in modern cash registers . detectable levels of bpa in urine have been shown to be prese...
background . bisphenol a ( bpa ) is a common chemical used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins , with > 93% of us adults having detectable bpa levels in urine . recent animal studies have suggested that bpa exposure may have a role in several mechanisms involved in the development of hyperte...
of the many porous materials being developed for sustained release drug delivery systems , electrochemically etched porous silicon ( psi ) is an attractive candidate because of its highly tunable nanostructure ( micro- to macroporous ) , chemically modifiable surface , biocompatibility , and biodegradability . ...
an approach for the preparation of an oxidized porous silicon microparticle drug delivery system that can provide efficient trapping and sustained release of various drugs is reported . the method uses the contraction of porous silicon s mesopores , which occurs during oxidation of the silicon matrix , to i...
eosinophilic gastroenteritis ( eg ) is a rare inflammatory disorder , characterized by eosinophilic infiltration in one or multiple areas of the gastrointestinal ( gi ) tract from the esophagus to the rectum . clinical presentations depend on the region of the gi tract involved and the depth of bowel wall involvement...
background eosinophilic gastroenteritis ( eg ) is a rare inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal ( gi ) tract . there have been several case series of patients with eg from the western world and east asia . however , there has not been a report of patients with eg from the middle east region . the aim of...
maximal oxygen consumption ( vo2 max ) is the amount of oxygen the human body can utilize in muscles and/or tissues . vo2 low aerobic fitness is associated with congestive heart failure , anemia , and obstructive pulmonary disease . vo2 max is determined by both the capacity of oxygen delivery to the blood stream a...
the present investigation evaluated the efficacy of a botanical supplement that delivered a concentrated dose of echinacea purpurea ( 8 grams day1 ) . the participants were 13 apparently healthy , recreationally active college students ( vo2 max : 51 ml o2/kgmin ) . the participants were provided with a 30-day sup...
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is characterized as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and considered as prominent cause of dementia in the elderly . the main characteristics of this disease are difficulties in household handling routine and cognitive and emotional disturbance in the elderly . the treatment of ad...
the treatments of choice in alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) are cholinesterase inhibitors and nmda - receptor antagonists , although doubts remain about the therapeutic effectiveness of these drugs . herbal medicine products have been used in the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia ( bpsd ) but...
myocardial bridging ( mb ) is a congenital coronary anomaly that is defined when a segment of a major epicardial coronary artery is tunneled in the myocardium . the incidence of myocardial bridging is elaborated as 1.516% in angiographic studies and may rise up to 80% at autopsy . mb is most commonly located in t...
backgroundalthough myocardial bridging ( mb ) is defined as an angiographic phenomenon with a benign course , it has also been associated with adverse cardiovascular events . the effects of exercise on myocardial repolarization in patients with mb were tested in this study , with tp - e and tp - e / qt repolarization...
a methicillin - susceptible staphylococcus aureus with panton valentine leukocidin ( pvl ) genes was isolated from refractory breast abscesses of 12-year - old girl in japan , and classified into st88 , spa - t1245 and coa - iiia . this strain harboured pvl phage sa2usa , which is usually found in st8 community - ac...
although surgeon has a preference for patient positioning , the sitting position has several advantages including the ease of setup , excellent intra - articular visualisation for all types of arthroscopic shoulder procedures , less intra - operative blood loss , a lower incidence of traction neuropathy , and ease of c...
background and aims : sudden , profound hypotension and bradycardia events ( hbes ) have been reported in more than 20% of patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy in the sitting position . the present study was designed to know whether intravenous ( iv ) ondansetron ( selective 5-hydroxy tryptamine 3-antagonist ) ca...
relapse and resultant metastatic spread to distant sites of malignant neoplasms remain the leading cause of mortality associated with cancer [ 1 , 2 ] . the classical metastatic cascade includes intravasation by cancer cells , their circulation in the lymph and blood vascular systems , extravasation , and growth ...
epithelial - mesenchymal transition ( emt ) is a multistep process in which cells acquire molecular alterations such as loss of cell - cell junctions and restructuring of the cytoskeleton . there is an increasing understanding that this process may promote breast cancer progression through promotion of invasive and m...
atopic dermatitis ( ad ) is a chronic skin disease characterized by pruritus and eczematous skin lesions , and is often associated with other atopic disorders , such as allergic rhinitis and asthma . ad is a widely prevalent disease , as it affects 5% to 15% of children and accounts for 2% to 4% of adults . patient...
abstractthe relationship between atopic dermatitis ( ad ) and psychological distress has been well established for children and adolescents . however , it is unclear whether this relationship exists in young adults . this study aimed to assess the relationship between ad and psychological distress in young male adult...
chondrogenesis is the earliest phase of skeletal development , involving mesenchymal cell recruitment and migration , condensation of progenitors , and chondrocyte differentiation and maturation . mutations or deregulation of these processes lead to skeletal malformation , skeletal malfunction , and/or susceptibility...
chondrocyte differentiation in the growth plate is an important process for the longitudinal growth of endochondral bones . sox9 and runx2 are the most often - studied transcriptional regulators of the chondrocyte differentiation process , but the importance of additional factors is also becoming apparent . mafs ar...
polybrominated diphenyl ethers ( pbdes ) are used as additives in polymers and textiles to prohibit the development of fires . because of the production and use of pbdes , their lipophilic characteristics , and persistence , these compounds have become ubiquitous environmental contaminants . the aim of the present st...
trauma is one of the leading causes of death among people under 40 years of age1 . maxillofacial injuries are one of the most common injuries associated with other injuries and adult males are the most common victims . road traffic accidents ( rta ) are the major cause of maxillofacial injuries in developing countr...
objectivesthis retrospective study aims to evaluate the prevalence of maxillofacial trauma in a developing country , along with its pattern , etiology and management . data for the present study were collected from the department of dentistry , esic medical college and post graduate institute of medical sciences and ...
the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor ( ceot ) was first introduced into scientific literature almost 50 years ago by dr . classified it as a benign odontogenic tumor , which is exclusively epithelial in its tissue of origin . the differential diagnosis for ceot should include adenomatoid odontogenic tumor ( ...
the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor ( ceot ) is a rare entity and represents less than 1% of all odontogenic tumors . dr . j j pindborg ( 1958 ) first described four cases of this unusual lesion ; subsequently shafer et al coined the term pindborg tumor . this lesion is a locally aggressive benign odontogen...
its activity accounts for the large chloride conductance of the sarcolemma at rest that is necessary to stabilize the membrane potential . mutations in the clcn1 gene lead to dominant and recessive myotonia ( koch et al . , 1992 ; george et al . , 1993 ; steinmeyer et al the channel is a member of the gene family o...
clc-1 belongs to the gene family of clc cl channels and cl/h+ antiporters . it is the major skeletal muscle chloride channel and is mutated in dominant and recessive myotonia . in addition to the membrane - embedded part , all mammalian clc proteins possess a large cytoplasmic c - terminal domain that bears two so ...
cadmium taken up from lung and gastrointestinal tract is transported via blood to liver and kidney . on long - term exposure to cadmium , renal tubular dysfunction develops in humans and experimental animals . data from animal experiments demonstrate that initially after exposure cadmium in blood is bound to albumi...
we studied whether the categorization of spoken words can still trigger task - relevant motor plans during early sleep stages . one main difficulty in addressing this issue consists in instructing a new task to sleeping subjects , arguably because prefrontal regions dealing with executive functions are then particula...
summaryfalling asleep leads to a loss of sensory awareness and to the inability to interact with the environment [ 1 ] . while this was traditionally thought as a consequence of the brain shutting down to external inputs , it is now acknowledged that incoming stimuli can still be processed , at least to some extent ,...
dependence on addictive drugs spread all over the world and the side effects of addiction , it is necessary to study the function of drugs in animal trials especially in placenta . many behavioral problems in addicted mother s infants indicated the effects of opioids on embryo ( 1 , 2 ) . the majority of studies focu...
background : previous studies have shown that morphine consumption during pregnancy may delay embryo development or cause abnormal nervous system function . objective : the present study focused on the effect of maternal morphine consumption on development of placenta and blood corticosteron concentration in addictiv...
it is a traumatic event that can have psychological consequences for the couples ( 1 ) . threatened abortion , as demonstrated by vaginal bleeding with or without abdominal cramps , is a common complication of pregnancy . it occurs in 20 percent of women during early gestation and approximately half of these pregna...
backgroundthreatened abortion is a common complication of pregnancy . in order to prevent miscarriage in the cases with threatened abortion , this study was conducted to determine whether progesterone suppository is effective in allowing pregnancy to proceed beyond week 20 in women with threatened abortion.methodsthis ...
interferons ( ifn ) are a linchpin of inflammatory signaling , assisting in host defense against pathogens , antigen presentation , and immunomodulation . there are two main classes of interferons : type i ( ifn-/ ) and type ii ( ifn- ) . interferons bind to their respective transmembrane receptors , indu...
a series of novel , saccharin - based antagonists have been identified for the interferon signaling pathway . through in vitro high - throughput screening with the colorado center for drug discovery ( c2d2 ) pilot library , we identified hit compound 1 , which was the basis for extensive structure activity r...
nitric oxide ( no ) is a pleiotropic signaling molecule produced endogenously by no synthases in diverse biological systems . s - nitrosylation is the addition of a no group to a specific cysteine ( cys ) residue of a protein to form a s - nitrosothiol . this prototypic , redox - based post - translational pr...
s - nitrosylation is a redox - based protein post - translational modification in response to nitric oxide signaling and is involved in a wide range of biological processes . detection and quantification of protein s - nitrosylation have been challenging tasks due to instability and low abundance of the modif...
the nomenclature system designed by the who / oie / fao h5n1 evolution working group to classify the a / goose / guangdong/1/1996 lineage of eurasian highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza viruses has been in place since early 2008 . based on the criteria used to distinguish variant groups of the h5 hemagglutinin ( ha ...
please cite this paper as : who / oie / fao . ( 2012 ) continued evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza a(h5n1 ) : updated nomenclature . influenza and other respiratory viruses 6(1 ) , 15 . background continued evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza a ( h5n1 ) throughout many regions of the easte...
the emerging health care system increasingly values patient engagement and shared decision - making between patients and their providers . the practice of these values is gaining importance as the patient - centered medical home model and personalized medicine come into greater use . exploration of patient preferen...
background : the emerging health care system increasingly values patient engagement and shared decision - making between patients and their providers . the practice of these values is gaining importance as the patient - centered medical home model and personalized medicine come into greater use.opportunity for improvem...
vogt - koyanagi - harada ( vkh ) disease is characterized by bilateral granulomatous uveitis with neurologic , auditory , and dermatologic manifestations . a 50-year - old chinese han woman presented with difficulty walking , numbness on the left side of the body , and difficulty with urination . the patient was diag...
backgroundvogt - koyanagi - harada ( vkh ) disease is characterized by bilateral granulomatous uveitis with neurologic , auditory , and dermatologic manifestations . however , acute myelitis complicating vkh disease has rarely been reported.case reporta 50-year - old chinese han woman presented with difficulty walkin...
gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gist ) are the most common mesenchymal tumor of the human gastrointestinal tract , which arise from intestinal cells of cajal . before the imatinib ( glivec , novartis korea , seoul , korea ) era , surgery was the only therapeutic treatment for gist . even after the complete resection ...
a 53-year - old woman was diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumor ( gist ) of the stomach . computed tomography ( ct ) revealed a huge mass ( 12 cm in diameter ) , likely to invade pancreas and spleen . in the operation field , the tumor was in an unresectable state . the patient was then started on imatinib ...
the prospective investigation by engstrm and colleagues in a previous issue of critical care sets out to determine if apneic oxygenation via a pharyngeal catheter during endotracheal intubation would prevent or increase the time to life - threatening hypoxemia in an animal model with acute lung injury . in this investi...
critically ill patients requiring emergent endotracheal intubation are at risk for life - threatening hypoxemia during the intubation procedure , particularly when the patient is apneic and not receiving any supplemental oxygen . in a current study , engstrm and colleagues investigated the effect of nasopharyngeal ox...
a 58-year - old male presented with a lesion on the medial aspect of left lower eyelid near the punctum . he had a small elevated nodular swelling at the margin of the eyelid for the past two decades . there was a gradual increase in the size of the swelling for past 4 years , however , during past 6 months it beca...
syringocystadenoma papilliferum can rarely affect eyelid skin . the lesion is frequently misdiagnosed as basal cell carcinoma or cyst or squamous cell carcinoma . we are presenting a case that was clinically diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma of eyelid but was later histologically diagnosed as syringocystadenoma papil...
the optimization of ventilatory support is a crucial issue in the management of patients with acute respiratory failure , aiming at improving gas exchange and patient - ventilator interaction while preventing ventilator - induced dysfunction of the respiratory system . a very important study by levine et al . shows...
recently , several studies have been performed to better outline the pathophysiology of acute respiratory failure and evaluate the therapeutic profile of different modes of ventilation and ventilator settings . here we briefly report those we consider most relevant for daily intensive care unit clinical practice .
helicobacter pylori infection in humans is associated with the development of numerous gastric pathologies such as peptic ulcer , chronic gastritis and gastric cancer . once established , the infected individuals carry h. pylori in their stomach yet if untreated with antibiotics , they can persist in the body for a l...
backgroundduring the last decades the rate of multidrug resistance among clinical helicobacter pylori isolates has increased . active pumping out of the drugs may be an important mechanism for multidrug resistance in h. pylori strains.objectivesthe aim of this study was to evaluate the association of two h. pylori ef...
systemic sclerosis ( ssc ) is a multiorgan disorder , and progressive interstitial lung disease ( ild ) and scleroderma renal crisis ( src ) are serious complications in ssc patients . cyclophosphamide ( cyc ) is the recommended therapy for ssc - associated ild ( ssc - ild ) , but its effectiveness is not sufficient ...
abstractsystemic sclerosis ( ssc ) is a multiorgan disorder involving the skin , heart , lungs , kidneys , and intestines . progressive interstitial lung disease ( ild ) is a serious complication in ssc patients , and cyclophosphamide ( cyc ) is the only recommended therapy for this condition;1 ) however , its clinic...
we examined a 68-year - old man who had been suffering from diplopia for a week . the patient had been diagnosed with a nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma 8 months prior and had received cisplantin - based chemotherapy with radiotherapy . on the first examination , 8-prism diopter right esotropia in the primary p...
a 68-year - old male patient presented with a week of sudden diplopia . he had been diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer 8 months prior and had undergone chemotherapy with radiotherapy . eight - prism diopter right esotropia in the primary position and a remarkable limitation in abduction in his right eye were obse...
arguably , the most appropriate and patient - centred outcome for patients who have moderate or severe pain deriving from any painful condition , acute or chronic , is that of no worse than mild pain ( moore et al . , 2013 ) . rapid absorption and speed of onset in acute pain may represent one way of achieving this ...
backgroundprevious analysis of a single data set in acute pain following third molar extraction demonstrated a strong relationship between the speed of reduction of pain intensity and overall pain relief , as well as need for additional analgesia.methodsindividual patient data analysis of a single randomized , double -...
according to recent publications on cancer incidence in korea by the korea central cancer registry,1 the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) and its proportion among total carcinomas has decreased slightly over the past several years . however , hcc is still the fifth most common carcinoma in the korean pop...
purposein spite of the recent improved results of hepatectomy for huge hepatocellular carcinomas ( hcc ) , the prognosis of patients with huge hccs is still poor compared to that of patients with small hccs . this study was performed to compare the results of hepatectomy between patients with huge hccs and those with...
sodium hydroxide , sodium lauryl sulphate , cetylpyridinium chloride , tween 80 , polyethylene glycol 400 , 2000 , and 6000 were purchased from merck , darmstadt , germany . witepsol h15 ( wh15 ) and witepsol w35 ( ww35 ) were procured from daruphakhsh pharmaceutical company , tehran , iran . different types of wit...
the aim of this work was to develop the best formulations for naproxen suppositories . the effects of different bases and surfactants on the physicochemical characteristics of the suppositories were determined by several tests such as weight variation , melting point , assay , hardness , and release rate . all form...
antibody - mediated rejection ( abmr ) is a recalcitrant entity with great impact on patient and graft survival [ 1 , 2 ] . in the past decade , improvements in hla technology along with the recognition of the role of c4d in abmr have revolutionized the understanding of this important entity , and significant advance...
antibody - mediated rejection ( abmr ) remains one of the major causes of graft loss after renal transplantation . it is dominated by endothelial damage in microcirculation . clarifying the mechanism of microcirculating damage is obviously a key step to understand the pathogenesis of abmr . here we characterized ...
a 48-year - old female with complaints of prominence of left forehead and asymmetric left - sided hemifacial atrophy , alopecia , asymmetric thinning of left lower leg , without any history of trauma , presented to the dermatology department of our hospital . she also had slight skin pigmentation over the left eyebro...
progressive hemifacial atrophy also known as parry - romberg syndrome is an acquired , slowly progressive disorder , occurring more in women , primarily affecting one side of the face , mainly characterized by unilateral atrophy , and loss of skin and subcutaneous tissues of face , muscles , and bones . ocular and ne...
an anastomotic leak can be a very difficult problem to treat in an inflamed , infected area , especially in a physically compromised patient . methods of treatment have included primary repair , esophageal resection or diversion , or both , and various types of patches including pleural , mucomuscular , and vicryl me...
multiple surgical techniques have been described for repair of esophageal leaks . none of the repairs are optimal , and the morbidity and mortality of an esophageal leak remains high . to our knowledge , this is the first case report of use of alloderm ( lifecell corp , brachburg , nj ) to successfully repair a thora...
four papers concentrated on the effects of innovative therapeutic strategies on the macrocirculation and microcirculation in animal models of sepsis or hemorrhage , thereby focusing on arginine vasopressin ( avp ) , erythropoietin ( epo ) and inducible nitric oxide synthase ( inos ) . three further articles concentra...
the research papers on shock published in critical care throughout 2007 are related to three major subjects : the modulation of the macrocirculation and microcirculation during shock , focusing on arginine vasopressin , erythropoietin and nitric oxide ; studies on metabolic homeostasis ( acid base status , energy expe...
the siv h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes have been circulating for more than 30 years , and the siv subtype h1n2 has been circulating since it was first isolated in great britain in 1994 [ 2 , 3 ] . in april 2009 , a new influenza a virus of subtype h1n1 emerged in the human population in mexico and the united states . this wa...
pandemic ( h1n1 ) 2009 influenza a virus was detected in norwegian pigs in october 2009 . until then , norway was regarded free of swine influenza . intensified screening revealed 91 positive herds within three months . the virus was rapidly transmitted to the susceptible population , including closed breeding herds ...
18f - fluorodeoxyglucose ( fdg ) positron emission tomography ( pet ) has become an integral part of the management protocol for patients with cancer , where it is used for initial staging , assessment of response to therapy , as well as for detection of recurrent disease . as is seen with other imaging techniques , th...
inflammatory lesions may sometimes show intense tracer uptake and mimic neoplastic lesions on ( 18 ) f - fluoro - deoxyglucose ( fdg ) positron emission tomography / computed tomography ( pet / ct ) . we report one such false positive case on fdg pet / ct , where septic pulmonary emboli ( spe ) mimicked pulmonary met...
selected group of patients with hearing loss at high frequency and still preserved hearing at low frequencies do not benefit from the classic hearing aid . parallelly , due to residual hearing they do not meet the qualification criteria for classic cochlear implant . nevertheless , ongoing development indicated that ...
the objective of the paper is to evaluate the hearing preservation rate in patients with high frequency hearing loss , treated with cochlear nucleus freedom hybrid - l implant in the otolaryngology department , poznan university of medical sciences in poland . study was designed as the retrospective analysis . twen...
induction therapy commonly refers to the administration of antibodies against specific or multiple antigenic targets of immune cells in the immediate peri - operative period . these antibodies have largely been used to provide immunosuppression at the time of antigen presentation , during the initial period after sol...
background . the use of induction drugs has increased markedly over the last 15 years in the usa , but there are few data about their use in other countries . moreover , there are not enough data about when they are indicated and their long - term effects . the aim of our study was to know the rates of use and the...
hen eggs are common food widely acceptable by people around the world , either rich or poor . not only treated as a main dish and used as an ingredient in cooking and bakery , hen eggs can be made into yolk oil ( generically known as dn yu , lun yu , lun jng , dn hung yu or j z yu ) . yolk oil is popular in ja...
yolk oil is common in asia . according to the flora sinensis , yolk oil is a multipurpose medicine , with specific dermatological and fever indications . nowadays , it is generally used as a complimentary medicine for heart diseases . yolk oil can be made from heating or chemical extraction method . it is gener...
hereditary gingival fibromatosis ( hgf ) first reported by goddard and gross in 1856 , is a rare , benign , nonhemorrhagic , fibrous enlargement of gingiva . it seems to be a slowly progressive keratinized gingival overgrowth with various degrees and it is genetically heterogeneous and can occur in either autosomal d...
hereditary gingival fibromatosis ( hgf ) is a rare hereditary condition characterised by slow , progressive , nonhemorrhagic , fibrous enlargement of gingiva caused by increase in sub - mucosal connective tissue component . this paper presents a case report of a 14-year - old male suffering from hgf with positive fam...
hiv is a fatal , sexually transmitted , or blood - borne disease affecting the health , cognitive abilities , and general well - being of the individuals including children and adolescents in particular . neurological and cognitive deficits have been documented in up to 80% of hiv - infected children . development ...
background and objectives : children infected with hiv are at risk for significant neurological and neuropsychological problems . this study is aimed at identifying cognitive deficits in hiv - infected children and to compare them with equal number of normal controls.materials and methods : twenty children with hiv i...
during the recent years , the effective treatments have been found for emotional disorders especially anxiety and depression ( 1 ) . norton and hope ( 2 ) noted that this problem was related to the dissemination of effective treatments and accessibility to effective treatments . the cognitive behavioral approaches ...
background : the cognitive behavioral interventions based on the transdiagnostic approach for emotional disorders have received useful empirical supports in recent years . most of the researches on this area have been conducted without any control group . moreover , little information about comparative effectiveness ...
the infracolic disease is resectable but the supracolic disease also involving the spleen is not and thus needle biopsy and primary chemotherapy should be considered . two cases of stage iiic ovarian cancer with calcified omental cakes ( arrows ) which mimic large and small bowel .
the recent rdog studies have confirmed the value of ct in the management of ovarian cancer . however we now know that metastases to the ovary may exactly mimic primary cancer . this demands a firm histological diagnosis when surgery is not planned and especially with a history of breast and gastrointestinal tract can...
primary sclerosing cholangitis ( psc ) is a chronic and progressive disease of the liver . patients with psc frequently have asymptomatic and anicteric cholestasis and many of them develop progressive biliary strictures , which lead to recurrent cholangitis , biliary cirrhosis and end - stage liver disease . these ...
background : osteoporosis occurs frequently in patients with chronic cholestatic liver diseases , yet data are scarce regarding the prevalence of osteoporosis and fragility fractures and their impact on health - related quality of life ( hrqol ) in primary sclerosing cholangitis ( psc).objectives : we aimed to assess b...
primary pancreatic lymphoma ( ppl ) is a rare disease constituting less than 0.5% of all pancreatic malignancies , and ppl is difficult to diagnose preoperatively even by various modalities . regarding the treatment for ppl , chemotherapy including r - chop is considered as standard . on the other hand , for the pati...
primary pancreatic lymphoma ( ppl ) is a rare disease that is difficult to diagnose preoperatively . we describe the youngest case of ppl treated by surgical excision and chemotherapy . a 16-year - old male presented with abdominal pain and jaundice . abdominal computed tomography showed a 3.0 4.5 cm homogeneously...
the recent study by burri and colleagues examined the usefulness of arterial blood gases ( abg ) in the diagnosis and prognosis of 530 dyspneic patients with abg drawn upon presentation to the emergency department . the study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data performed at a single center . ...
arterial blood gases ( abg ) are obtained commonly in dyspneic persons presenting to emergency departments . the study by burri and colleagues found that the information contained in abg fails to distinguish between pulmonary and other causes of dyspnea . on the other hand , arterial ph was highly predictive of icu...
glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness , affecting approximately 60.5 million people worldwide or about 2.6% of the population over the age of 40 . although the most prevalent form of glaucoma in western countries and in many other parts of the world is open - angle glaucoma ( oag ) , angle - closure glaucom...
medical care in taiwan is well known for its low cost , high efficiency , high quality , excellent medical accessibility , and high equity . we investigate the trends in medication expenditures for glaucoma from 1997 to 2010 . the results show that higher medical expenditures were incurred by patients who were aged...
a 64-year - old female was diagnosed with thyroid cancer in 2004 and was treated by thyroidectomy . during follow - up , blood free t4 levels were increased and an i-131 whole body scan was performed . 1 ) . additional chest computed tomography ( ct ) showed a 1.2-cm - long nodule at the left lower lobe , which match...
an ectopic thyroid is caused by abnormalities in migration of the thyroid during development and rarely occurs in the thoracic cavity or the abdominal cavity . we report the case of a 64-year - old female who had abnormal findings from a thyroid hormone test during follow - up after thyroid cancer surgery . based on ...
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor- ( ppar ) regulates metabolic homeostasis and adipocyte differentiation , and it is activated by oxidized and nitrated fatty acids . here we report the crystal structure of the ppar ligand binding domain bound to nitrated linoleic acid , a potent endogenous ligand of ppar. s...
bipolar disorder i ( bdi ) is an episodic illness characterized by recurrent manic , mixed , and depressive episodes , with an estimated global lifetime prevalence of 1%5%.1 the illness is associated with high levels of mortality and morbidity2 and functional impairment,3 and high rates of suicide.4 despite the phenome...
backgroundtreatment of the depressive and manic states in bipolar disorder i ( bdi ) is a challenge for psychiatrists . despite the recognized importance of the switch phenomenon , the precise mechanisms underlying this process are yet to be shown . we conducted a naturalistic study in two bdi patients to determine w...
posttranslational modifications play a key role in the regulation of protein activity , localization , and stability , as well as in the control of protein - protein interactions . among them , ubiquitylation counts as one of the most prominent and best - characterized modifications . ubiquitin is a small protein th...
summarythe hect domain e3 ligase hace1 has been identified as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers . here , we report that hace1 is a central gatekeeper of tnfr1-induced cell fate . genetic inactivation of hace1 inhibits tnf - stimulated nf-b activation and tnfr1-nf-b - dependent pathogen clearance in vivo . mo...
a 75-year - old asian female without systemic disease initially presented with nasal congestion , mucous rhinorrhea and progressively decreasing sense of smell . she was treated as allergic rhinitis with oral antihistamine and nasal steroid spray , but no obvious improvement . one month after the symptoms , paranas...
sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma - related rhinogenic optic neuropathy is rare and may lead to visual loss . to the best of our knowledge , this is the first report of bilateral sequential visual loss induced by this etiology . it is important to differentiate between chronic sinusitis and malignancy on the bas...
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is characterized by chronic airflow limitation that is not fully reversible and is highly prevalent worldwide . although cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for copd , the mechanism by which inhaled smoke contributes to airflow obstruction is not fully understood . ...
background and objectives . chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is a complex disease characterized by airflow limitation . although airway inflammation and oxidative stress are known to be important in the pathogenesis of copd , the mechanism underlying airflow obstruction is not fully understood . gen...
success of osseointegrated implants is predominantly based upon patient selection , conservation of hard and soft - tissues along with following proper surgical techniques and prosthetic protocols . the presence of healthy peri - implant soft - tissue to provide an optimal seal between the oral environment and the im...
purpose : dental implants though a successful treatment modality there exists controversies regarding the relationship between the adequacy of the keratinized gingiva ( kg ) and peri - implant health . the presence of an adequate amount of peri - implant kg reduces gingival inflammation and hence soft - tissue augmen...
aplastic anemia is a form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements . the incidences of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in patients with congenital coagulation disorders and chronic thrombocytopenia are very low . however in cases requiring invasive pr...
aplastic anemia is a condition in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements . the incidences of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in patients with congenital coagulation disorders and chronic thrombocytopenia are very low . in this paper , a case of late stent thromb...
complete transposition of the penis and scrotum is an uncommon congenital malformation of the external genitalia in which the scrotum is located cephalic to the penis . there have been described fewer than 20 cases of complete penoscrotal transposition ( cpst ) with an intact scrotum.[36 ] most of the reported cases ...
complete penoscrotal transposition ( cpst ) with an intact scrotum is a rare anomaly in which the scrotum is located cephalic to the penis . it is the most severe degree of malformation of a spectrum of abnormalities in scrotal development . there are few cases reported in the literature , and there are few descrip...
the term of preterm birth used to define the premature neonates considering pregnancies age of less than 34 weeks and corticosteroids are commonly prescribed to promote embryos lung maturity . the amniotic fluid index ( afi ) has been an integral component of fetal assessment during antepartum ultrasound examination ...
background : the aim of this study was to compare the biophysical profile parameters ( bpp ) , especially amniotic fluid index ( afi ) , before and after administration of corticosteroids ( dexamethasone and betamethasone ) and these two groups with each other.materials and methods : this double - blind clinical trial ...
prophylactic measures are primarily focused on lifestyle changes and primary and secondary interventions with drugs such as antihypertensive agents , statins , and platelet inhibitors . socioeconomic position has been associated with the risk for stroke . a larger burden of cardiovascular risk factors in lower income...
backgrounda greater burden of stroke risk factors in general is associated with a higher risk for stroke among people of lower than those of higher socioeconomic position . the relative impact of individual stroke risk factors is still unclear.methods and resultswe studied the relations between socioeconomic position...
statistical significance , most often defined as a p value of < 0.05 , simply means that an observed quantitative difference would occur by chance < 5% of time and does not necessarily imply biological significance . in the nonparametric analysis of survival data , the order of the events rather than the timing of the...
abstractin most preclinical disease models , survival analyses are the gold standard for measuring the efficacy of medical interventions such as therapeutics or vaccines . in these analyses , treatment regimens that promote the survival and/or reduce the morbidity of experimental subjects ( e.g. , mice ) are tested f...
as a service to our authors and readers , this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors . such materials are peer reviewed and may be re - organized for online delivery , but are not copy - edited or typeset . technical support issues arising from supporting information ( other than missing fil...
unique -hemiaminal ether gold carbene intermediates were accessed by a gold - catalysed 1,1-carboalkoxylation strategy and evolved through a highly selective 1,2-n - migration . this skeletal rearrangement gave functionalised indenes , and isotopic labelling confirmed the rare c n bond cleavage of the ynamide moiet...
venous thromboembolism ( vte ) affects one to two in 1,000 adults , causing severe mortality and morbidity.1 vte comprises deep venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism . the risk factors for vte include advanced age , obesity , hypertension , diabetes , dyslipidemia , pregnancy , major surgery , and hormone rep...
objectivethe strong association between psychiatric patients who receive antipsychotics and the incidence of venous thromboembolism ( vte ) is known . although previous reports suggest that hyperprolactinemia often increases markers of activated coagulation , few studies have examined the direct relationship between ...
we assessed 2 cohorts . cohort 1 comprised 1,032 children ( 617 boys and 415 girls ) with acute lrtis , hospitalized in beijing children s hospital ( bch ) , from whom nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from may 2007 through march 2009 . the patients ranged in age from 2 weeks to 16 years ( mean age 31.3 months ...
to clarify the potential for respiratory transmission of saffold cardiovirus ( safv ) and characterize the pathogen , we analyzed respiratory specimens from 1,558 pediatric patients in beijing . we detected safv in 7 ( 0.5% ) patients and identified lineages 13 . however , because 3 patients had co - infections , w...
a 66-year - old male patient with a history of hypertension and heavy alcoholism was referred to asan medical center for further evaluation of an abdominal distension that had developed 15 days prior . on admission , the patient had experienced 6 kg of weight loss during the previous 2 months . a physical examination...
the formation of aortic thrombi is an extremely rare complication of acute pancreatitis . here we report a case of acute pancreatitis complicated by a paraesophageal pseudocyst , necrotizing mediastinitis , and the formation of multiple thrombi in the ascending aorta . the patient was successfully treated by surgic...
the most common site is legs and melanomas in men are most common on the back . melanoma of the clivus is an extremely rare case presentation with only a few cases reported in the literature . conventional imaging techniques like computed tomography ( ct ) and magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) may be suboptimal in...
malignant melanoma of the clivus is a rare entity , for which there is little evidence - based literature for guiding clinicians to understand the importance of disease staging via noninvasive imaging strategy . this report highlights the case of a 55-year - old lady with histopathologically confirmed melanocytic mel...
in the 1990s two independent discoveries opened up the previously unsuspected world of noncoding rnas ( ncrnas ) . the phenomenon of rna interference ( rnai ) was being uncovered as cosuppression in plants [ 1 , 2 ] , quelling in fungi [ 3 , 4 ] , and rnai in nematodes through the 1990s and at least the broad strokes...
the rna revolution that started at the end of the 20th century with the discovery of post - transcriptional gene silencing and its mechanism via rna interference ( rnai ) placed tiny 21 - 24 nucleotide long noncoding rnas ( ncrnas ) in the forefront of biology as one of the most important regulatory elements in a hos...
the human body has simple and compound organs that obtain their nourishment through four humors . one of them is bile ( yellow bile ) . according to iranian traditional medicine ( itm ) , there are various kinds of natural medicines with their specific mechanisms of action affecting on bile in the human body . ha...
background : the human body has simple and compound organs that obtain their nourishment through four humors . one of them is bile ( yellow bile ) . according to iranian traditional medicine ( itm ) , there are various kinds of natural medicines with their specific mechanisms of action affecting on bile in the huma...
constitutive autophagy is required for cellular housekeeping ( e.g. , elimination of damaged or long - lived organelles ) . it is a highly sensitive process that cells are induced in response to a wide range of stressful conditions ( physical , chemical , or metabolic ) in order to maintain cellular homeostasis . w...
autophagy is an intracellular catabolic pathway essential for the recycling of proteins and larger substrates such as aggregates , apoptotic corpses , or long - lived and superfluous organelles whose accumulation could be toxic for cells . because of its unique feature to engulf part of cytoplasm in double - membrane c...
polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) is a multifactorial , complex genetic , endocrine and metabolic disorder . characteristics are chronic anovulation , polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism ( 1 ) . according to different criteria , 4% to 8% of women exhibit pcos in the world ( 2 ) . the prevalence of pcos in iran...
background : polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) is a multifactorial , metabolic disorder . characteristics are chronic anovulation , polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism . the aim of this study was to determine the effect of omega-3 supplementation on visfatin , adiponectin , and anthropometric indices in pcos w...
during the past year , the health care financing administration ( hcfa ) has conducted a number of meetings to discuss quality of care measurement , data development and release , and research priorities . in june 1987 , hcfa convened a quality of care research symposium for the purpose of detailed discussion of the ...
the research issues in the assessment of quality of health care have not changed significantly during the past 20 years . what has changed is the increased interest among providers , consumers , and policymakers for ways to measure and compare quality among providers . clearly there is an increased sense of urgency...
periodontal diseases are ubiquitous , affecting all dentate animals . among various periodontal disease affecting humans , the most prevalent is gingivitis , affecting more than 90% of the population , regardless of age , sex , or race . dental plaque is a sticky film of invisible layer of bacteria that hangs aroun...
background : chronic gingivitis is the most prevalent in all dentate animals . regular methods for controlling it have been found to be ineffective , which have paved the way for the use of herbal products as an adjunctive to mechanical therapy as they are free to untoward effects and hence can be used for a long per...
there are certain prognostic factors to determine the neurological outcome of the patients in spinal cord injury ( sci ) . etiology , severity of trauma , and preoperative neurological condition are the most important factors influencing the prognosis . patients with a complete sci have a < 5% chance of neurologica...
aim : our aim was to determine whether a combination of sagittal index ( si ) , canal compromise ( cc ) , and loss of vertebral body height ( lvbh ) is associated with the severity of neurological injury in patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures.materials and methods : seventy - four patients with thoracolumbar bu...
approximately 50100 million infected cases were reported annually . among those infected , 500000 patients had severe infection and required hospital admission ; most were children . the cost of care was as high as $ us 2.1 billion per year in the united states of america . no specific treatments are available exce...
objectives . to develop a simple scoring system to predict dengue infection severity based on patient characteristics and routine clinical profiles . methods . retrospective data of children with dengue infection from 3 general hospitals in thailand were reviewed . dengue infection was categorized into 3 severity...
tumors undergo sustained growth in a dynamic environment where oxygen and nutrients are often scarce ( denko , 2008 ; hanahan and weinberg , 2011 ) . to cope with the energetic requirements of rapid proliferation in these challenging conditions ( fritz and fajas , 2010 ) , tumor cells profoundly reorganize their core...
summarywe report that the mitochondrial chaperone trap1 , which is induced in most tumor types , is required for neoplastic growth and confers transforming potential to noncancerous cells . trap1 binds to and inhibits succinate dehydrogenase ( sdh ) , the complex ii of the respiratory chain . the respiratory downre...
fear of hypoglycaemia and gain in body weight are barriers for initiation of insulin therapy . modern insulin analogues are a convenient new approach or tool to glycaemic control , associated with low number of hypoglycaemia and favourable weight change . a1chieve , a multinational , 24-week , non - interventional ...
background : a1chieve , a multicentric ( 28 countries ) , 24-week , non - interventional study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of insulin detemir , biphasic insulin aspart and insulin aspart in people with t2 dm ( n = 66,726 ) in routine clinical care across four continents.materials and methods : data was colle...
over the past 30 years , the management of rectal cancer has undergone many significant changes . until the 1980s , surgery was the mainstay of therapy for patients with rectal cancer confined to the bowel and regional lymph nodes . however , local recurrence occurred in approximately 25% to 50% of patients with t3 o...
targeted biologic agents have an established role in treating metastatic colorectal cancer ( crc ) , and the integration of targeted therapies into the treatment of crc has resulted in significant improvements in outcomes . rapidly growing insight into the molecular biology of crc , as well as recent developments in ge...
our patient presented with accelerated silicosis starting as gradually progressive shortness of breath for about 1 year , progressing to chronic type 1 respiratory failure . this was followed by development of full blown mctd , with combined features of rheumatoid arthritis , scleroderma and systemic lupus erythemato...
silica exposure has been implicated with the development of various connective tissue diseases . we report a case of 32-year - old stone crusher who developed silicosis with mixed connective tissue disorder ( mctd ) 6 years after exposure to silica . this association of silicosis with mctd has never been reported f...
in a recent search for offspring of consanguineous matings affected by autosomal recessive diseases , we came across four compound heterozygous patients among 38 affected children . this raised the question of whether this was an unexpectedly high proportion or not . in the past , when we reported about a first com...
this short communication deals with the questions of how to calculate the expected proportion of compound heterozygous patients among affected offspring of consanguineous parents , and how , from an observed proportion of compound heterozygotes , to calculate both the proportion of homozygotes not identical by descent ...
kaya or decoction is an ayurvedic dosage form , prescribed based on the stage of the disease according to the principles of ayurveda . this dosage form is traditionally prepared fresh and consumed on the same day but for the sake of convenience ; the process of preparation has been modified so that it can be stored w...
a geographic region is indeed a complicated symbol of physical , biological and cultural processes . by analyze its elements and characteristics one can define the possible diseases that may occur by identifying a small place such as a house or a backyard , or through identifying the immigration route of birds and th...
background : as geographic science discusses the analysis of environment , human beings and their mutual relations , thus the field of medical geography consists of being inspired from the relations between these two factors , analyzing environmental factors , their identification them and the state of their effects on...
onychomycosis is any nail plate infection caused by dermatophytes , yeasts and non - dermatophyte molds ( ndms ) . the prevalence of onychomycosis is low in children when compared to adults due to reduced exposure to infected environments , less trauma due to smaller and thinner nail surface and faster linear nail gr...
fusarium oxysporum has been described as a pathogen causing onychomycosis , its incidence has been increasing in immunocompetent and disseminated infection can occur in immunosuppressed individuals . we describe the first case of congenital onychomycosis in a child caused by fusarium oxysporum . the infection being...
according to the american cancer society , more than 178,000 women are affected by breast cancer every year ; international statistics reports estimated 1,152,161 new cases annually . this form of the disease is the leading killer of women between 40 and 55 years old and is the second leading cause of death overall i...
this research presents a methodology for the automatic detection and characterization of breast sonographic findings . we performed the tests in ultrasound images obtained from breast phantoms made of tissue mimicking material . when the results were considerable , we applied the same techniques to clinical examina...
with age , men experience decreases in important health indicators like muscle amount , physical activity , and sexual drive . furthermore , lower urinary tract symptoms ( luts ) are highly prevalent in males , and it has been clearly shown that the prevalence of luts increases with age . the incidence of erectile ...
purposethere is no reported evidence for an anthropometric index that might link obesity to men 's sexual health . we evaluated the ability of an anthropometric index and the symptom scores of five widely used questionnaires to detect men 's health problems . we determined the predictive abilities of two obesity in...
dengue epidemiology in rio de janeiro in 2008 - dengue transmission in rio de janeiro is strongly associated with summer ( december - april ) , when higher temperatures and intense rainfall are frequent ( honrio et al . , the city of rio de janeiro suffered one of its most severe dengue outbreaks when denv-2 ...
two hypotheses for how conditions for larval mosquitoes affect vectorial capacity make opposite predictions about the relationship of adult size and frequency of infection with vector - borne pathogens . competition among larvae produces small adult females . the competition - susceptibility hypothesis postul...
canine intestinal parasites have recently become a more important pathogen for humans , as some parasites , e.g. , giardia ( g. ) intestinalis , toxocara ( t. ) canis and others , have become potential public health hazards due to zoonotic transmission . in particular , private household dogs that have relatively clo...
an epidemiological study on canine intestinal parasites was undertaken to evaluate changes in the prevalence among private household dogs from the hachinohe region of aomori prefecture , japan , in 1997 , 2002 and 2007 , using the formalin - ethyl acetate sedimentation technique . the risk of zoonotic transmission fr...
there are more than 150,000 bariatric surgeries performed in the united states each year.1 ) about two - thirds of patients presenting for bariatric surgery have a history of some psychiatric disorder,2 ) and around 4.0% of bariatric candidates suffer from bipolar disorder.2,3 ) over one - third of patients who undergo...
we are presenting the first documented case of lithium toxicity after vertical sleeve gastrectomy surgery in an 18 year - old female with psychiatric history of bipolar disorder who was treated with lithium . this case illustrates the need for closer monitoring of lithium levels following bariatric surgery . both p...
neuroendocrine tumors are derived from neuroendocrine cells and the most common site is the bronchopulmonary system . theoretically , primary neuroendocrine tumors do not occur in the breast due to the lack of endocrine cells . although there are many published studies regarding this rare pathological entity , there ...
focal neuroendocrine differentiation can be found in diverse histological types of breast tumors . however , the term , neuroendocrine breast tumor , indicates the diffuse expression of neuroendocrine markers in more than 50% of the tumor cell population . the imaging features of neuroendocrine breast tumor have no...
trochlear nerve palsy may be clinically characterized by vertical diplopia , incomitant hypertropia that increases upon head tilt toward the paralyzed site ( positive bielschowsky 's test ) , excyclotropia , and head tilt . the differentiation between acutely acquired palsy vs. the decompensation of a congenital pals...
the association of unilateral trochlear nerve palsy with claude bernard - horner syndrome represents a rare clinical condition . we present the case of a patient with this unusual presentation . the investigation performed implicated cerebrovascular disease as the underlying cause of the condition in this patient .
leiomyomas , also known as fibroids , are the most frequent benign uterine tumors to develop during a woman s reproductive years ; occurrence tends to regress after menopause.1 malign transformation of uterine leiomyoma ( ul ) seems to be a very rare event,2 but they are symptomatic in 20%30% of cases and are the main ...
purposeto determine the prevalence of uterine leiomyomas , diagnosed by ultrasound , in a private health care setting located in the central eastern region of portugal , and to explore the demographic and clinical factors related to diagnosis and symptomatology.patients and methodsthe files of 624 patients attending a ...
acute urticaria is caused by various factors including foods , chemical agents , infections , and insect bites . when a clinician is trying to determine the cause of a patient 's urticaria , it is important to ask about the patient 's food intake , possible chemical agent exposure , and symptoms that may indicate an ...
here we report the cases of five patients with a late onset of acute urticaria after a bee sting . the ages of the five japanese patients ranged from 33 to 86 years ( median : 61 ) . all patients had no history of an allergic reaction to bee stings . the onset of urticaria was 614 days ( median : 10 ) after a bee...
yeast strains and constructs the following yeast strains were used : by4741 ( mata his31 leu2 met15 ura3 ) and ndy257 ( by4741 rtn1::kanmx4 rtn2::kanmx4 yop1::kanmx ) ( 6 ) . strains expressing gfp fusions to the chromosomal alleles of yop1 and rtn1 were obtained from invitrogen . the plasmid encoding sec63-gfp ( pj...
we recently identified a class of membrane proteins , the reticulons and dp1/yop1p , which shape the tubular endoplasmic reticulum ( er ) in yeast and mammalian cells . these proteins are highly enriched in the tubular portions of the er and virtually excluded from other regions . to understand how they promote tubul...
alagille syndrome ( algs ) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by heterozygous mutation in the jag1 ( jagged 1 ) gene on chromosome 20p12 . its estimated prevalence is about 1 out of 70,000 births , when ascertained by the presence of neonatal jaundice . it has been traditionally defined by a paucity of intrah...
this case report describes the surgical - orthodontic guided - eruption of a deeply impacted macrodontic maxillary central incisor in a 10-year - old patient with alagille syndrome ( algs ) . in the first stage , orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance on deciduous teeth allowed to create enough space for the erupti...
all the patients of breast cancer and lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy in day care centre during the study time period were recruited . patient receiving anticancer agents either as single drug regimen or in combination of two or more drugs , aged > 18 years were included in the study . adverse events caused by ...
adverse drug reactions associated with the use of anticancer drugs are a worldwide problem and can not be ignored . adverse drug reactions can range from nausea , vomiting or any other mild reaction to severe myelosuppression . the study was planned to observe the suspected adverse drug reactions of cancer chemothe...
dopamine - producing cells in the brain start to diminish , and thus the concentration of dopamine in the brain diminishes . the loss of dopamine results in motor dysfunction , changes in behavior , and other burdensome effects to patients and caregivers . very little is known about the cause of pd , and there is no ...
parkinson s disease ( pd ) has a prevalence of nearly 1 million people in the usa , with increasing incidence in the elderly population . generally , the age of presentation is between 55 and 65 years , with the likelihood of diagnosis increasing as patients reach the age of 80 years or above . some of the common treat...
in appreciating this corrigendum it deserves to be remembered how paedophilia and cognate terms entered clinical parlance . this warrants a slightly broader look at how notions of age - specificity and age - exclusivity in erotic attraction figure in the medical history of sexuality . paedophilia has been consisten...
a scientific nomenclature of erotic age preferences informed the mid- through late nineteenth century joint appearance of homosexuality and sexual abuse of minors on the medico - legal scene . yet , even in the twenty - first century , legal , psychiatric and culture - critical dimensions of related terms are rarely cl...
outofhospital cardiac arrest ( ohca ) is a major public health problem affecting 300 000 people in the united states each year.1 past studies demonstrate that there are sex differences in survival from cardiac arrest . studies have consistently found more favorable arrest characteristics in men , including younger a...
backgroundthe purpose of this study was to evaluate sex differences in outofhospital cardiac arrest ( ohca ) characteristics , interventions , and outcomes.methods and resultsthis is a retrospective analysis from a regionalized cardiac arrest system . data on patients treated for ohca are reported to a single registr...