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10.1038/s41568-018-0020-9 | Biology_easy_80 | We look forward to results from the myelofibrosis study, as well as the ongoing studies of PU-H71 in breast cancer and PU-AD in Alzheimer's disease. | Ultimately, then, classical approaches to drug discovery are inappropriate when one targets the chaperome. | "New science emerging from Samus and the Chiosis group has led to a greater understanding of the role the epichaperome plays in cancer and Alzheimer's disease, as well as our ability to disrupt a biologic mechanism fundamental to these diseases," said Barbara Wallner, Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer of Samus Therapeuti... | This realization has implications for the development of chaperome inhibitors and emphasizes the importance of considering factors such as the residence time, pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) to fully appreciate the distinctions between HSP90 agents 145 (Box 4). Ultimately, then, classical approaches t... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34294149057&p=1pl&v=1&x=pzihluZRVcZJ0XNPGmH0Mw |
10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.014 | Biology_easy_81 | "We are the first ones to locate the variations in the landscape of innate lymphoid cell regulation. | In contrast to mice, which express Il17 in both Th17s and a subset of ILC3s, humans express these cytokines only in Th17s (Figure 1E) . | This observation could pave the way to more personalized treatments for autoimmune diseases, the researchers said. "We are the first ones to locate the variations in the landscape of innate lymphoid cell regulation. Now that we know where the master switches are, we can see that those variants are associated with autoi... | We also identified an SE in Th17 cells that spanned its signature IL17A/IL17F cytokine locus, as well as the neighboring MCM3 gene, which is expressed in all cell types ( Figure 5C ). In contrast to mice, which express Il17 in both Th17s and a subset of ILC3s, humans express these cytokines only in Th17s (Figure 1E) . ... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/scientists-discover-master-dimmer-switches-that-control-activity-of-immune-cells/ |
10.1038/s41467-018-04627-5 | Biology_easy_84 | Teachers have the potential to develop their students' brains, regardless of whether they have the resources to provide individualized instruction for each student in their class. | 61 , it remains possible that a sufficiently intense math intervention might prompt changes not only within the left arcuate but also within many of the same tracts identified here. | Yeatman believes the findings can extend to schools. Teachers have the potential to develop their students' brains, regardless of whether they have the resources to provide individualized instruction for each student in their class. "While many parents and teachers might worry that dyslexia is permanent, reflecting int... | Despite the lack of a group-level intervention effect in the left arcuate in ref. 61 , it remains possible that a sufficiently intense math intervention might prompt changes not only within the left arcuate but also within many of the same tracts identified here. Indeed, our effects may reflect the intensity and qualit... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34316135354&p=1pl&v=1&x=D1Z-S3HDnAF3EPGxC7uLSg |
10.1186/s40168-015-0071-z | Biology_easy_85 | Rather, it conveys the subtle and elegant choreography of one part of the human microbiome: The relationships between the mothers' genetics, the composition of her breast milk and the development of her infant's gut microbiota. | More surveys of the absolute abundance of infant bifidobacteria in developing and undeveloped areas of the world are needed, along with the measurement of relevant exposure-related metadata. | The researchers emphasized that the finding does not suggest that breast milk from mothers without an active copy of the gene is less nourishing or healthy. Rather, it conveys the subtle and elegant choreography of one part of the human microbiome: The relationships between the mothers' genetics, the composition of her... | As modern hygiene standards and other cultural practices may lead to a reduction in the exposure levels to different bifidobacterial species, the phenomenon of the low bifidobacteria infant might be an artefact of developed countries. More surveys of the absolute abundance of infant bifidobacteria in developing and und... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150409143035.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1038/s41467-018-04627-5 | Biology_easy_86 | "In reality, different experiences can shape the brain in dramatic ways throughout development." | However, the effects of intervention are not limited to these regions. | "We were able to detect changes in brain connections within just a few weeks of beginning the intervention program. "In reality, different experiences can shape the brain in dramatic ways throughout development." After eight weeks of intensive instruction among study participants who struggled with reading, two of thos... | Intensive reading training causes rapid changes in tissue properties within the left AF and ILF, two tracts considered crucial for skilled reading. However, the effects of intervention are not limited to these regions. Instead, we find widespread change throughout multiple cortical association and projection tracts. | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34305651947&p=1pl&v=1&x=5K-kiFIe9C-USZImgR7dwA |
10.1098/rsbl.2014.0993 | Biology_easy_87 | Only at full moon do the insects have a moon to navigate by during the entire night." | To experimentally remove the forces of celestial gravitation is difficult but our hypothesis could be further tested by experiments on moonlight detection in plants and by continuing to make predictions followed by targeted observations . | "We think it is all about maximizing the efficiency, not only regarding the preciseness of pollinator navigation and attraction to the cones, but also in terms of number of efficient dark hours. Only at full moon do the insects have a moon to navigate by during the entire night." Likewise, an investigation into the ins... | The full moon is thus important for efficient pollination of E. foeminea both for pollinator navigation in the dark and for attraction to the cones. To experimentally remove the forces of celestial gravitation is difficult but our hypothesis could be further tested by experiments on moonlight detection in plants and by... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://news.sciencemag.org/biology/2015/04/plant-releases-its-pollen-full-moon |
10.1038/s41467-018-05709-0 | Biology_easy_89 | The same itch-suppressant effect was also observed in tests with dogs carried out by the researchers in cooperation with the University of Zurich's Veterinary Department. | 7 TPA023B reduces acute itch mainly through spinal α2GABA A Rs. | Mice that were administered with the drug scratched themselves less often, and their skin changes healed significantly quicker than in animals that were given a placebo. The same itch-suppressant effect was also observed in tests with dogs carried out by the researchers in cooperation with the University of Zurich's Ve... | Given the 7 TPA023B reduces acute itch mainly through spinal α2GABA A Rs. P = 0.004, unpaired two-sided t-test, n = 7 and 6, for vehicle and TPA023B. | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34818663460&p=1pl&v=1&x=L-gib_N5MhiGEP62jfuz-g |
10.1038/s41467-019-09863-x | Biology_easy_90 | Opposition to these plans is often based on the costs involved in implementing them, but these two new studies offer a powerful counterpoint to that argument. | It is possible that with an explicit modelling of the other climatic and societal tipping elements, as well as with comprehensive representation of the impacts of rising temperatures and increasing extreme weather events on economic growth 63 , both the economic effect of climate change with legacy Arctic feedbacks, an... | "Although between-country inequality has decreased over the past half century, there is ~90 percent likelihood that global warming has slowed that decrease," the authors said. Opposition to these plans is often based on the costs involved in implementing them, but these two new studies offer a powerful counterpoint to ... | 5a ; even with the current parameterisations, the upper tails in the distributions are at their lowest for the 1.5°C scenario. It is possible that with an explicit modelling of the other climatic and societal tipping elements, as well as with comprehensive representation of the impacts of rising temperatures and increa... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39063152220&p=1pl&v=1&x=rfZKa3AOnuRs3Dq6otYxhw |
10.1186/s40168-015-0071-z | Biology_easy_91 | The relationship between human genetics, breast milk and Bifidobacterium appears to have developed throughout mammalian evolution. | Figure 7 shows that stool samples with Low-Bif qPCR counts (N = 43) and those with High-Bif qPCR counts (N = 62) were from infants that received matching milk samples of mostly comparable glycan composition. | "What this work does show us is that the mother's genotype matters, and that it influences the breast milk, which clearly drives the establishment of microbes in the intestines of their babies." The relationship between human genetics, breast milk and Bifidobacterium appears to have developed throughout mammalian evolu... | A Fisher's exact test yielded p = 0.015, suggesting the probability that bifidobacteria levels will be HighBif qPCR is greater for infants who are receiving milk from secretor mothers. Figure 7 shows that stool samples with Low-Bif qPCR counts (N = 43) and those with High-Bif qPCR counts (N = 62) were from infants that... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150409143035.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1016/j.cub.2007.01.061 | Biology_easy_92 | Until we examine uncertainty at the level of the brain itself, we'll have to remain uncertain. | The other aperture (referred to as the decline-the-test response) led to the omission of the duration test. | It may be just as simple for a bee (or any other animal) brain to compute uncertainty as it would be to classify and associate outcomes. Until we examine uncertainty at the level of the brain itself, we'll have to remain uncertain. Whether an insect monitors uncertainty or only appears to, honey bees are able to select... | By contrast, more widely spaced intervals (e.g., 2 and 8 s) are easiest to classify. The other aperture (referred to as the decline-the-test response) led to the omission of the duration test. In the test phase, a correct lever press with respect to the duration discrimination produced a large reward of six pellets; an... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.livescience.com/41255-what-bees-dont-know-can-help-them-measuring-insect-indecision.html |
10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.028 | Biology_easy_93 | Also, we found that the cells that express Tac2 are distinct from those other investigators had previously identified as being involved in fear expression." | Our data also suggest that amygdala cell culture with osanetant increases Nk3R mRNA levels. | "It was interesting that Tac2 is highly expressed in one particular part of the amygdala, but with low or no expression in other brain areas related to the formation of fear memories. Also, we found that the cells that express Tac2 are distinct from those other investigators had previously identified as being involved ... | The second is that Tac2 mRNA and/or NkB are transported from the CeM to other nuclei within the amygdala such as CeL, CeC, or BLA, where they bind to the Nk3R. Our data also suggest that amygdala cell culture with osanetant increases Nk3R mRNA levels. The most likely interpretation is that osanetant antagonizes amygdal... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/06/140630124423.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1038/s41568-018-0020-9 | Biology_easy_94 | PU-H71 specifically targets the epichaperome, present in over half of all cancers tested by Samus and the Chiosis group at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, to precisely interfere with the epichaperome function in diseased cells and to not affect normal cells. | The oligomers retain ATPase and holdase activity but have a reduced ability to refold substrate and do not respond to stimulation by HSP40 (DnaJ in E. coli) 170 . | PU-H71 specifically targets the epichaperome, present in over half of all cancers tested by Samus and the Chiosis group at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, to precisely interfere with the epichaperome function in diseased cells and to not affect normal cells. PU-H71 is now being studied in Phase 1b combination t... | Formation of the oligomeric form is associated with a conformational change in AtTDX structure 169 . The oligomers retain ATPase and holdase activity but have a reduced ability to refold substrate and do not respond to stimulation by HSP40 (DnaJ in E. coli) 170 . The large oligomers represent the active form and are pl... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34294149057&p=1pl&v=1&x=pzihluZRVcZJ0XNPGmH0Mw |
10.1126/sciadv.1601660 | Biology_easy_96 | Going forward, Hart and his team plan to pursue the possibility of fully printed electronics. | The surface compliance enables the CNTs to conformally contact the target substrate during printing. | This, combined with a tenfold improvement in the printing resolution that we demonstrated, is encouraging." After annealing, or heating, the designs after stamping -- a common step in activating electronic features -- the printed patterns were indeed highly conductive, and could serve, for example, as high-performance ... | S4 ), the surface modulus (~32 MPa) is comparable to the compressive modulus. The surface compliance enables the CNTs to conformally contact the target substrate during printing. Also, the CNT microstructure matches the dimensions of the catalyst pattern, yet the plasma treatment etches both the top and sidewalls of th... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://news.mit.edu/2016/stamping-technique-printable-electronics-1207 |
10.1038/s41467-018-04627-5 | Biology_easy_99 | For the few children who showed no significant decline in diffusion by MRI, Yeatman said there could be compounding differences in individual capacities for brain plasticity, age of the participants (younger brains may be more susceptible to change than slightly older ones) or other factors. | In line with these results, scores on the TOWRE Index, a timed measure of reading, improved substantially (F(1,77) = 53.69, p < 10 −9 ), as did scores on the Woodcock-Johnson Reading Fluency subtest (F(1,76) = 36.042, p < 10 −7 ). | In the majority of these subjects, diffusion rates decreased in the arcuate and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. For the few children who showed no significant decline in diffusion by MRI, Yeatman said there could be compounding differences in individual capacities for brain plasticity, age of the participants (younge... | After 8 weeks, the intervention-group mean was within one standard deviation of the population norm (100+/−15): pre-vs. post-intervention scores were 80.00+/−3.50 vs. 92.94+/−2.50). In line with these results, scores on the TOWRE Index, a timed measure of reading, improved substantially (F(1,77) = 53.69, p < 10 −9 ), a... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34305651947&p=1pl&v=1&x=5K-kiFIe9C-USZImgR7dwA |
10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.058 | Biology_easy_100 | This provides an elegant mechanism to neutralize viral replication without jeopardizing cellular viability. | The levels of virus genomes in WT, DE1B-55K, and DE4-ORF3-infected cells are 10 4 times higher than in DE1B-55K/DE4-ORF3-virus-infected cells ( Figure 1E ). | MRN starts a domino effect, activating histones on surrounding chromosomes, which summons a cascade of additional proteins, resulting in a cell-wide, all-hands-on-deck alarm to help mend the DNA. This provides an elegant mechanism to neutralize viral replication without jeopardizing cellular viability. Image: Courtesy ... | These data suggest that global DDR signaling is activated independently of MRN in WT, DE1B-55K and DE4-ORF3-virus-infected cells. The levels of virus genomes in WT, DE1B-55K, and DE4-ORF3-infected cells are 10 4 times higher than in DE1B-55K/DE4-ORF3-virus-infected cells ( Figure 1E ). We conclude that E1B-55K or E4-OR... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/cancers/66433-the-dna-damage-response-goes-viral-a-way-in-for-new-cancer-treatments.html |
10.1038/s41467-017-01957-8 | Biology_easy_101 | The study shows that, surprisingly, more prey diversity does not always mean more predator diversity. | When the growth-defense trade-off is concave, a small cost of prey growth leads to a large gain of defense, thus we say the defense is cheap; when it is convex, defense is costly. | "This is, of course, beneficial to the prey and could reduce the pressure on the bacteria", says Becks. The study shows that, surprisingly, more prey diversity does not always mean more predator diversity. As our experiments demonstrate, they can shift depending on whether or not the predator had time to adapt." | Note, we used a similar power function to fit the trade-off curves from our experimental data and found a good agreement between the function and the data. When the growth-defense trade-off is concave, a small cost of prey growth leads to a large gain of defense, thus we say the defense is cheap; when it is convex, def... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/5JFO6NDeMfE/ |
10.1073/pnas.1414221111 | Biology_easy_103 | "This rapid clearance response depends on the presence of both the parasite and the investigational drug. | null mice (9) with (+)-SJ733 caused rapid clearance of parasites, which were 80% depleted within the first 24 h and undetectable by 48 h (Fig. | "The data suggest that compounds targeting ATP4 induce physical changes in the infected red blood cells that allow the immune system or erythrocyte quality control mechanisms to recognize and rapidly eliminate infected cells," DeRisi said. "This rapid clearance response depends on the presence of both the parasite and ... | The data are consistent with the primary growth inhibition effects of (+)-SJ733 stemming from its ability to increase [Na + ] i through inhibition of PfATP4. null mice (9) with (+)-SJ733 caused rapid clearance of parasites, which were 80% depleted within the first 24 h and undetectable by 48 h (Fig. Notably, (+)-SJ733 ... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141205175027.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news%2Ftop_science+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+Science+News%29 |
10.3945/jn.113.188441 | Biology_easy_104 | Pero eso no es todo, ademas de elevar el colesterol, tambien aumenta los trigliceridos y provoca sindrome metabolico. | It is interesting to see that there was a simultaneous increase in both healthy metabolic components (HDL cholesterol increase, TG decrease) and some unhealthy metabolic components (abdominal obesity, LDL cholesterol increase) with the MP. | Esto se presenta porque este tipo de sopas incrementan el colesterol en la sangre y esto puede obstruir las arterias, las cuales transportan el flujo sanguineo y al oxigeno en el cuerpo. Pero eso no es todo, ademas de elevar el colesterol, tambien aumenta los trigliceridos y provoca sindrome metabolico. Esto ademas de ... | The TP, rich in fruit, vegetables, and fish, was inversely associated with abdominal obesity and elevated blood pressure, which is in agreement with previous studies . It is interesting to see that there was a simultaneous increase in both healthy metabolic components (HDL cholesterol increase, TG decrease) and some un... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39561372381&p=1pl&v=1&x=lNU4nCAJSUXMnFz01j2kDA |
10.1186/1471-2164-15-599 | Biology_easy_105 | "If a mutation or a change increases the chances of survival in the person carrying it, this mutation will tend to become prevalent in the population. | Taken together, our results strongly indicate that positive selection in neural genes is likely to have played a significant role in the human evolution. | This provides researchers with a new vision on human evolution. "If a mutation or a change increases the chances of survival in the person carrying it, this mutation will tend to become prevalent in the population. The new protein will have changed its function compared to the ancestral protein. | None of these classes achieved statistical significance, except synapse in the accelerated gene set, with five observed genes compared to one expected by chance (proportion test, p < 10 −3 ). Taken together, our results strongly indicate that positive selection in neural genes is likely to have played a significant rol... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/genetics-birth-defects/53316-identified-almost-200-genes-that-have-evolved-more-rapidly-in-humans-than-in-other-primates.html |
10.1038/s41467-019-09863-x | Biology_easy_106 | But as the new research demonstrates, accounting for the possibility that they may occur is an important step in making sure that policymakers are prepared for all the potential outcomes. | Combined, these two factors lead to significant increases in the mean discounted economic effect of climate change: +4.0% ($24.8 trillion) under the 1.5°C scenario, +5.5% ($33.8 trillion) under the 2°C scenario, and +4.8% ($66.9 trillion) under mitigation levels consistent with the current national pledges. | "It could be a regular, linear increase in temperature without any dramatic threshold change, and suddenly it triggers this kind of social response which is very disproportionately large," he said. But as the new research demonstrates, accounting for the possibility that they may occur is an important step in making su... | Combined, these two factors lead to significant increases in the mean discounted economic effect of climate change: +4.0% ($24.8 trillion) under the 1.5°C scenario, +5.5% ($33.8 trillion) under the 2°C scenario, and +4.8% ($66.9 trillion) under mitigation levels consistent with the current national pledges. Considering... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39068075992&p=1pl&v=1&x=s9tSrEITwL3rwfEi9cWT-w |
10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.003 | Biology_easy_107 | It also may reflect persistent, low-level inflammation connected with age-related diseases, including heart disease and some cancers. | While the mechanisms by which Na + is concentrated within the infected skin remain unknown, we show in mice that the osmotic stress within the Na + -loaded interstitial fluid matrix boosts the antimicrobial host defense and thereby strengthens the antiinfectious barrier function of the skin. | [STORY: Cancer treatment from the vet]
The new study implied that age-related salt accumulation by the skin may be a response to falling cellular barriers and rising microbe accessibility. It also may reflect persistent, low-level inflammation connected with age-related diseases, including heart disease and some cance... | Because direct interstitial fluid collections for osmolality measurements in our patients were not possible in this non-invasive clinical 23 Na MRI study, additional experiments will be necessary to address the relevance of these findings to human disease. While the mechanisms by which Na + is concentrated within the i... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1113346345/salty-skin-may-ward-off-infection-030415/ |
10.1038/s41598-017-05868-y | Biology_easy_108 | Importantly, the team found that pericytes produced 40-times more leptin when exposed to low levels of oxygen and that this continued until oxygen levels returned to normal. | Next, by screening the networks encompassing the highest number of genes regulated in the dataset ( Supplementary Table IV ), we found that LEP is modulated together with other 18 genes in a network of 29 genes, whose function is associated with cell death/apoptosis and cell-to-cell signalling/interaction ( Supplementa... | In the longer term, these findings may help in the development of an alternative treatment to major surgery for heart attack patients. Importantly, the team found that pericytes produced 40-times more leptin when exposed to low levels of oxygen and that this continued until oxygen levels returned to normal. This may he... | In addition, using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software, we found that LEP is associated with all the main biofunctions/pathways found to be significantly modulated by hypoxia, including the regulation of cell death and survival, development, energy production and tissue morphology (Supplementary Figure II) . ... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/new-discovery-could-reverse-tissue-damage-caused-by-heart-attacks/ |
10.1016/j.cub.2013.11.012 | Biology_easy_109 | "Two weeks is not a long time at all" to gain a specific new motor skill, let alone boost a whole set of them. | However, the computer users, compared to the non-computer-user group, generalize much more into other directions [interaction effect F(8, 96) = 6.9, p < 0.0001; main effect on groups F(2, 24) = 12.5, p < 0.0001, two-way ANOVA; Figure 2B ]. | "The results are surprising," says Robert Scheidt, a biomechanical engineer at Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, who works with stroke victims. "Two weeks is not a long time at all" to gain a specific new motor skill, let alone boost a whole set of them. So for those helping rehabilitate people who have los... | It affected neither the speed of learning [F(8,18) = 0.91, p = 0.53, one-way ANOVA] nor the degree of learning [F(8,18) = 0.77, p = 0.64; Figure 2A ]. However, the computer users, compared to the non-computer-user group, generalize much more into other directions [interaction effect F(8, 96) = 6.9, p < 0.0001; main eff... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://news.sciencemag.org/brain-behavior/2013/12/click-here-improve-your-motor-skills |
10.1038/s41467-018-05229-x | Biology_easy_110 | "In perfect insulators and semiconductors, electronic states expand throughout the entire crystal. | Interestingly, the abrupt shift of the absorption edge from E 0 = 1.42 eV to 2.1 eV occurring at ultrahigh electric bias fields might indeed relate to genuine electronic transitions of isolated constituent atoms ground state. | If this state is maintained for too long, the beads will break apart and the crystal dissolves. "In perfect insulators and semiconductors, electronic states expand throughout the entire crystal. "If the electric field inside the crystal is strong enough, the electronic states can be localized to a few atoms. | Consequently, we regard this fact as direct evidence for Wannier-Stark localization. Interestingly, the abrupt shift of the absorption edge from E 0 = 1.42 eV to 2.1 eV occurring at ultrahigh electric bias fields might indeed relate to genuine electronic transitions of isolated constituent atoms ground state. First-pri... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34669971079&p=1pl&v=1&x=vdqBVutlRrBG6NrsU9ADLw |
10.1016/j.neuron.2018.12.026 | Biology_easy_111 | Mouse models have helped a lot, he said. | Fmr1 À/y mice show spatially broader cortical activation to single-whisker stimulation, implying a blurred whisker map . | But it is not a single gene, it is hundreds of genes. Mouse models have helped a lot, he said. In all the mice, inhibition was lower than normal, and excitation was also lower, though less so, leading to an increase in the excitation-inhibition ratio. | *p = 0.03, **p << 0.001, ***p << 0.0001, t test. Fmr1 À/y mice show spatially broader cortical activation to single-whisker stimulation, implying a blurred whisker map . Consistent with map blurring, we found that the fraction of whiskerresponsive L2/3 RS units that were tuned to the columnar whisker was lower in Fmr1 ... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38318437455&p=1pl&v=1&x=tFlh-_qIVNCNf8CEol-uvQ |
10.2337/db13-1600 | Biology_easy_112 | The paper by Donovan and Watts' team is the first to link peripheral glucose sensing with brain activation during hypoglycemia, a critical step in allowing the body to restore normal blood sugar levels. | Insulin infusion led to an increase in the arterial plasma insulin concentration, 4,930 6 699 pmol/L that was not significantly different between groups (P . | Each of their findings, which could have far-reaching consequences for the development of insulin therapies for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, is presented in two papers published together online on April 11 and 16 in the journal Diabetes. The paper by Donovan and Watts' team is the first to link peripheral glucose sensin... | No significant differences in body weight were observed between experimental groups on the day of experiments. Insulin infusion led to an increase in the arterial plasma insulin concentration, 4,930 6 699 pmol/L that was not significantly different between groups (P . 0.10) (Fig. | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/metabolic-problems/diabetes/49962-diabetes-detectives.html |
10.1038/s41396-017-0042-4 | Biology_easy_114 | The team found far fewer bacteria above the planetary boundary layer, with only tens of millions deposited per square meter. | The daily deposition rates of viruses associated with aerosols <0.7 μm in size explains observations that identical viral sequences occur at geographically distant locations and in very different environments , likely as a consequence of long persistence and dispersal in the atmosphere. | The results shed light on the way these viruses spread across the planet. The team found far fewer bacteria above the planetary boundary layer, with only tens of millions deposited per square meter. This might all sound terrifying, but the authors actually believe such a microbe transportation mechanism can help ecosys... | Therefore, these relationships between the size fractions of the organic aerosols and the virus and bacteria deposition rates could be also determined by the origin of air masses. The daily deposition rates of viruses associated with aerosols <0.7 μm in size explains observations that identical viral sequences occur at... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33225111907&p=1pl&v=1&x=66SNTCt_ZJdMnc3SIBgGKQ |
10.1038/s41467-019-09863-x | Biology_easy_115 | "These two components are set to peak for global temperatures within the range covered by the Paris Agreement, but if the climate warms further, the summer and spring sea ice and land snow covers will retreat further north and the albedo feedback will actually weaken." | 46 , projected onto the 8 major regions of the PAGE model using population-weighted temperatures, and adapted to fit with the single year consumption-only approach for climate impacts used in PAGE; second, considerably downscaled saturation limit for the impacts; third, modified uncertainty range for the BaU scenario, ... | Furthermore, the strength of both is constantly changing in nonlinear ways as the climate warms. "These two components are set to peak for global temperatures within the range covered by the Paris Agreement, but if the climate warms further, the summer and spring sea ice and land snow covers will retreat further north ... | This allows us to work with MonteCarlo generated probability distributions of multiple climatic and economic parameters in any fixed analysis year like 2100, as opposed to taking averages over the 30-year climatological windows (a standard requirement for any climate model data with multiple natural variability cycles)... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39064299256&p=1pl&v=1&x=uiRMkpkYPuCChqjw9RPdQw |
10.1016/j.neuron.2018.12.026 | Biology_easy_116 | He views this as a highly effective accommodation by neurons to these genetic mutations, representing the brain's normal compensation mechanism for restoring neuronal activity. | Fmr1 À/y mice show faster or broader spread of sensory-evoked activity in S1, suggesting a blurred whisker map (Arnett et al., 2014; , which we also observed in the form of increased tuning heterogeneity in each S1 column. | This was because the changes in inhibition and excitation were precisely coordinated to offset each other. He views this as a highly effective accommodation by neurons to these genetic mutations, representing the brain's normal compensation mechanism for restoring neuronal activity. But decreased inhibition may have un... | Thus, increased cortical spiking is not broadly observed in ASD genotypes. Fmr1 À/y mice show faster or broader spread of sensory-evoked activity in S1, suggesting a blurred whisker map (Arnett et al., 2014; , which we also observed in the form of increased tuning heterogeneity in each S1 column. A simple synaptic cond... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38318437455&p=1pl&v=1&x=tFlh-_qIVNCNf8CEol-uvQ |
10.1038/s41467-018-04627-5 | Biology_easy_117 | Just what kind of tissue was created among reading program participants is likely to be the subject of future study, the authors said. | In this view, differences in white matter properties could be considered a reflection of intrinsic deficits, which might be relatively resistant to remediation, but which could plausibly be used for early identification of individuals in need of extra educational support. | The callosal connections showed no changes between treatment and control groups, results that support past research suggesting that this structure, though relevant for reading acquisition, may already be mature and stable by age 7, Yeatman said. Just what kind of tissue was created among reading program participants is... | The implication of these observations is that underlying anatomical differences may predestine certain individuals to struggle with learning to read. In this view, differences in white matter properties could be considered a reflection of intrinsic deficits, which might be relatively resistant to remediation, but which... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34305651947&p=1pl&v=1&x=5K-kiFIe9C-USZImgR7dwA |
10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.003 | Biology_easy_118 | "A further understanding of the regulatory cascades might not only help to design drugs that specifically enhance local salt deposition and help to combat infectious diseases," Jantsch said, "but also may lead to novel strategies to mobilize sodium stores in the aging population and prevent cardiovascular disease. | Activation of macrophages in the presence of high NaCl concentrations modified epigenetic markers and enhanced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38/MAPK)-dependent nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) activation. | The findings, though, may lead to a supplement version of sodium in order to protect the heart and other organs from the negative impacts high-salt diets have on the body, while still achieving a positive immunal response. "A further understanding of the regulatory cascades might not only help to design drugs that spec... | We found that Na + accumulated at the site of bacterial skin infections in humans and in mice. Activation of macrophages in the presence of high NaCl concentrations modified epigenetic markers and enhanced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38/MAPK)-dependent nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) activation... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/blood-pressure-and-heart-condition-risks-aside-high-salt-diets-may-improve-immune-324200 |
10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.004 | Biology_easy_119 | Findings published online in the journal Cell possibly unveil a cure for jet lag and shift work disorders. | We observed a 10.90 ± 1.02 hr phase delay of the PER2::LUC rhythm in I3M-treated cells, compared with 7.59 ± 1.00 hr delay in the control, a difference of 3.3 hr ( Figures 3D and 3E) . | Findings published online in the journal Cell possibly unveil a cure for jet lag and shift work disorders. The researchers identified approximately 100 genes that the body switches on in response to light. The mice were found to adjust more quickly to the changes in the daily patterns of light and dark that were set to... | These data support our hypothesis that SIK1 acts to modulate the magnitude of phase shifts via the negative regulation of CREB-mediated transcription of Per1. We observed a 10.90 ± 1.02 hr phase delay of the PER2::LUC rhythm in I3M-treated cells, compared with 7.59 ± 1.00 hr delay in the control, a difference of 3.3 hr... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/jet-lag-cure-could-lie-newly-discovered-gene-255200 |
10.1098/rsbl.2018.0564 | Biology_easy_120 | In this new effort, the researchers have improved upon earlier models built to mimic the behavior of the bridge and learned more about the shaking and swaying. | This simplification is justified because the steady-state bridge and pedestrian motions depend on N but not P (figure 2a). | All of those people reacting caused a feedback loop which made the bridge unstable. In this new effort, the researchers have improved upon earlier models built to mimic the behavior of the bridge and learned more about the shaking and swaying. But that model was not able to factor in the energy cost of an individual wo... | In this case, the biped cannot affect the walking surface motion. This simplification is justified because the steady-state bridge and pedestrian motions depend on N but not P (figure 2a). In all simulations, the initial phase difference between the walkers and the bridge was random and had no effect on any of the stea... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37552102568&p=1pl&v=1&x=Dbgz3q4yV3xVG-LM5dPKZA |
10.1139/cjz-2017-0071 | Biology_easy_121 | "This individual was likely persisting via opportunistic foraging around Grand Forks residents' homes whenever temperatures reached above freezing." | However, opossums have been observed beyond the temperature niche Brocke prescribed , and the top models in our study suggest that opossum populations are more impacted by the presence and longevity of snow than by harsh winter temperatures. | "The winter temperatures and the individual's condition suggest that this opossum spent much of the winter in a den rather than foraging," Walsh says. "This individual was likely persisting via opportunistic foraging around Grand Forks residents' homes whenever temperatures reached above freezing." In this way, increas... | Temperature could have once been the limiting factor (Brocke 1970), but it may now be overcome by the increased presence of agriculture in areas with dangerously low winter temperatures. However, opossums have been observed beyond the temperature niche Brocke prescribed , and the top models in our study suggest that op... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/virginia-opossum-range-1684512/ |
10.1073/pnas.1704745114 | Biology_easy_122 | The separation of these parts in the seed 'brain' also appears to be central to how it functions.' | These lines ultimately lead toward convergence points that represent a stable resting state of the system. | Lead author of the study, Professor George Bassel from the School of Biosciences at the University of Birmingham, says: 'Our work reveals a crucial separation between the components within a plant decision-making centre. The separation of these parts in the seed 'brain' also appears to be central to how it functions.' ... | 1 B and C) . These lines ultimately lead toward convergence points that represent a stable resting state of the system. The shape of Significance Both plants and animals make decisions in response to the environment to maximize their fitness. | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.seeddaily.com/reports/Scientists_discover_plant_brain_controlling_seed_development_999.html |
10.1038/s41467-018-04355-w | Biology_easy_123 | Pecot said they want to continue investigating this strategy, and potentially other ways of preventing clotting within tumors, to see if it prevents metastases from initiating and whether it can stall the process once it has begun. | Notably, we show that IMs highly express Factor XIIIA, which promotes fibrin cross-linking to create a scaffold for LUSC cell invasion and metastases. | They saw a significant decrease in lung metastases. Pecot said they want to continue investigating this strategy, and potentially other ways of preventing clotting within tumors, to see if it prevents metastases from initiating and whether it can stall the process once it has begun. "The more we understand the progress... | Pharmacologic inhibition of IM recruitment had substantial anti-metastatic effects. Notably, we show that IMs highly express Factor XIIIA, which promotes fibrin cross-linking to create a scaffold for LUSC cell invasion and metastases. Consistently, human LUSC samples containing extensive crosslinked fibrin in the micro... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34143256224&p=1pl&v=1&x=_B116Taw-aRVfBzYTF8X0Q |
10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.003 | Biology_easy_124 | "I think that the most important finding here is that tissues can accumulate massive amounts of sodium locally to boost immune responses where ever needed," Titze said. | This high-salt response resulted in elevated type-2 nitric oxide synthase (Nos2)-dependent NO production and improved Leishmania major control. | [STORY: Challenging convention: Visual cortex not solely responsible for processing images]
Despite the positive results, researchers warned that a high-salt diet should not be seen as a healthy regular routine. "I think that the most important finding here is that tissues can accumulate massive amounts of sodium loca... | Activation of macrophages in the presence of high NaCl concentrations modified epigenetic markers and enhanced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38/MAPK)-dependent nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) activation. This high-salt response resulted in elevated type-2 nitric oxide synthase (Nos2)-dependent NO... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1113346345/salty-skin-may-ward-off-infection-030415/ |
10.1038/s41467-019-09863-x | Biology_easy_125 | The economic growth of warmer nations such as Sudan, India, Nigeria, and Brazil has been stunted by about 25-36 percent due to climate change, the study found. | In contrast, the SAF for the rest of the world stays nearly constant until high GMST anomalies. | Such measures include widespread adoption of renewable energies such as solar power, the study said. The economic growth of warmer nations such as Sudan, India, Nigeria, and Brazil has been stunted by about 25-36 percent due to climate change, the study found. "Although between-country inequality has decreased over the... | The plateau in the sea ice SAF component between 5-7°C coincides with the loss of the spring sea ice 40 . In contrast, the SAF for the rest of the world stays nearly constant until high GMST anomalies. The SAF emulator models the global SAF as a function of the GMST (Methods), reproducing the nearly monotonic decline d... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39063152220&p=1pl&v=1&x=rfZKa3AOnuRs3Dq6otYxhw |
10.1186/s12944-018-0743-3 | Biology_easy_131 | "In general, the more exercises you have, the 'easier' the workout is since you will be working different muscle groups compared with just two exercises back-to-back that would fatigue those muscle groups pretty quickly," Ryan says. | The present study demonstrates that circuit training at home affects the bone mass as well as other factors, The age at which menstruation started b t-score by an unpaired t-test (two-sided test) showed the differences between the baseline and either 2 or 3 months after baseline [ †] indicates a significant relationshi... | The opposite happens when you do a triceps press. "In general, the more exercises you have, the 'easier' the workout is since you will be working different muscle groups compared with just two exercises back-to-back that would fatigue those muscle groups pretty quickly," Ryan says. What's also great about circuit train... | The results showed a positive effect of body fat percentage on the calcaneus QUS-SI (p = 0.009) 3 months later, also shown in Table 4 . The present study demonstrates that circuit training at home affects the bone mass as well as other factors, The age at which menstruation started b t-score by an unpaired t-test (two-... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39028000354&p=1pl&v=1&x=rNZIkXnItgXmLxg4R0B21g |
10.1373/clinchem.2012.187617 | Biology_easy_133 | While Scott Kelly was in orbit, the microbes found in his gut shifted significantly from the kinds that the researchers found on the ground. | Thus, therapeutic modulation aimed at altering the gut microbiome may be beneficial in retarding the development of diabetes. | Conducting a fecal study in space is harder than you think. While Scott Kelly was in orbit, the microbes found in his gut shifted significantly from the kinds that the researchers found on the ground. Within a few months of his return to Earth, this change actually reversed, returning his microbiome to its "normal" sta... | In BB rats (a model of type 1 diabetes), Lactobacillus species present in feces (L. johnsonii and L. reuteri) were negatively correlated with type 1 diabetes development , possibly via modulation of the intestinal mucosal protein and oxidative stress response leading to lower quantities of proinflammatory cytokines suc... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38972928248&p=1pl&v=1&x=ysfCh3UQ1PqOUUs0UQwPzg |
10.1073/pnas.1404354111 | Biology_easy_134 | "The progenitor and stem cells in the bone marrow began massively expanding and effectively turned the bone marrow into a megakaryocyte-making machine," he said. | This analysis revealed that genes associated with TPO overstimulation in TPO Tg LSKs were strongly correlated with up-regulated genes in Mpl PF4cre/PF4cre LSKs, whereas the gene signature associated with TPO starvation in Mpl −/− LSKs was associated with down-regulated genes in Mpl PF4cre/PF4cre LSKs (Fig. | Dr Ng said the result was very surprising. "The progenitor and stem cells in the bone marrow began massively expanding and effectively turned the bone marrow into a megakaryocyte-making machine," he said. "Our findings support a theory whereby megakaryocytes and platelets control platelet numbers by 'mopping up' excess... | which are expanded significantly in number, clear circulating TPO to levels observed in Mpl-replete mice, even in the absence of clearance by megakaryocytes and platelets. This analysis revealed that genes associated with TPO overstimulation in TPO Tg LSKs were strongly correlated with up-regulated genes in Mpl PF4cre/... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/medical-breakthroughs/49516-solution-to-platelet-%E2%80%98puzzle%E2%80%99-uncovers-blood-disorder-link.html |
10.1038/s41467-018-04627-5 | Biology_easy_135 | "We were able to detect changes in brain connections within just a few weeks of beginning the intervention program. | These results underscore the importance of considering recent experience when interpreting cross-sectional anatomy-behavior correlations. | The study, published June 8 in Nature Communications, is the first to measure white matter during an intensive educational intervention and link children's learning with their brains' flexibility. "We were able to detect changes in brain connections within just a few weeks of beginning the intervention program. "In rea... | Additionally, we identify tracts whose properties predict reading skill but remain fixed throughout the intervention, suggesting that some anatomical properties stably predict the ease with which a child learns to read, while others dynamically reflect the effects of experience. These results underscore the importance ... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34316135354&p=1pl&v=1&x=D1Z-S3HDnAF3EPGxC7uLSg |
10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.003 | Biology_easy_136 | That's not to say that you should switch to a high salt diet, though. | This hypertonic microenvironment was accompanied by a significant reduction of L. major burden at the end of the experiment (2 nd time point; Figure 4B ). | The researchers found that infected areas in patients with bacterial skin infections also showed remarkably high salt accumulation. That's not to say that you should switch to a high salt diet, though. "Due to the overwhelming clinical studies demonstrating that high dietary salt is detrimental to hypertension and card... | Improved healing was paralleled by increased (Na + + K + )/H 2 O ratio in HSD mice ( Figure 4B ). This hypertonic microenvironment was accompanied by a significant reduction of L. major burden at the end of the experiment (2 nd time point; Figure 4B ). We found a tendency toward increased IFN-g production in HSD mice, ... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.scienceworldreport.com/articles/22963/20150304/high-salt-diet-ward-infection-invading-microbes.htm |
10.1038/s41467-018-07557-4 | Biology_easy_137 | "And here, in Alaska, we are dealing already and will be dealing even more in the near future with this reality." | For example, our results highlight critical areas such as the Pechora region, the northwestern parts of the Ural Mountains, northwest and central Siberia, the Yakutsk basin (except for the city of Yakutsk in low to moderate hazard area), as well as the central and western parts of Alaska to which high priority for loca... | "These observations have led me to believe that the global warming is not a 'fake' but the reality," Romanovsky said. "And here, in Alaska, we are dealing already and will be dealing even more in the near future with this reality." The Paper May Be Misleading
Even though the researchers of this study insist that globa... | 1 ), the regional differences appear less pronounced ( Fig. For example, our results highlight critical areas such as the Pechora region, the northwestern parts of the Ural Mountains, northwest and central Siberia, the Yakutsk basin (except for the city of Yakutsk in low to moderate hazard area), as well as the central... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37967333906&p=1pl&v=1&x=ltio0H7-Rr6r3LuvSX7DEA |
10.1038/s41467-018-05709-0 | Biology_easy_138 | Mice that were administered with the drug scratched themselves less often, and their skin changes healed significantly quicker than in animals that were given a placebo. | By contrast, biting responses in TPA023B (1 mg kg −1 , p.o.) | In their experiments, the pharmacologists were able to show that it not only suppresses acute itch, but is also effective against chronic itch. Mice that were administered with the drug scratched themselves less often, and their skin changes healed significantly quicker than in animals that were given a placebo. The sa... | Chloroquine-induced biting responses (total time spent biting the injected skin area) were virtually identical in all three genotypes (ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test F(14,2) = 0.39, P = 1.0 for all comparisons). By contrast, biting responses in TPA023B (1 mg kg −1 , p.o.) treated mice differed significantly... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34818663460&p=1pl&v=1&x=L-gib_N5MhiGEP62jfuz-g |
10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.004 | Biology_easy_139 | In one particular experiment, when the researchers blocked the activity of SIK1 in laboratory mice, the mice adjusted faster to changes in the light-dark cycle that mimic a time zone change. | In hippocampal neurons, CRTC1 functions as a sensor of stimulation, by traveling from the synapse to the nucleus in response to activation, triggering CREB mediated transcription and thereby regu-lating hippocampal plasticity . | In one particular experiment, when the researchers blocked the activity of SIK1 in laboratory mice, the mice adjusted faster to changes in the light-dark cycle that mimic a time zone change. The study proposes that the light-stimulated production of SIK1 in turn switches off the molecular pathway that feeds into the cl... | For example, in skeletal myocytes, SIK1 functions as a Ca 2+ -responsive CREB-regulated HDAC kinase and a Ca 2+ -induced regulator of Na + transport in kidney cells . In hippocampal neurons, CRTC1 functions as a sensor of stimulation, by traveling from the synapse to the nucleus in response to activation, triggering CR... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/disorders-conditions/sleep/42436-researchers-identify-new-drug-target-for-treating-jet-lag-and-shift-work-disorders.html |
10.1073/pnas.1318978111 | Biology_easy_140 | Authors believe the study provides potential biological targets to enhance fertility in women with diminished ovarian reserve, who produce few or no follicles in response to IVF drugs designed to boost follicle development. | We show that, in GCs, androgens use a conserved nongenomic pathway to rapidly activate kinase signaling via transactivation of the EGF receptor. | Authors believe the study provides potential biological targets to enhance fertility in women with diminished ovarian reserve, who produce few or no follicles in response to IVF drugs designed to boost follicle development. "Our study doesn't solve the controversy, but, along with some earlier seminal studies from othe... | Importantly, few transcriptional targets of androgens have been identified in the ovary ; our results add to this short list by establishing miR-125b as a direct target of AR in GCs. We show that, in GCs, androgens use a conserved nongenomic pathway to rapidly activate kinase signaling via transactivation of the EGF re... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.technology.org/2014/03/05/study-shows-male-hormones-play-important-role-female-fertility/ |
10.1093/pcp/pct167 | Biology_easy_141 | "Not much is known about the way a grapevine supports the growth of the powdery mildew disease, but the frogs help us provide a reasonable hypothesis for what is going on and why Cabernet Sauvingon could be susceptible," Gassmann said. | With an Arabidopsis triple mutant that is susceptible to E. necator, we found that AtNPF3.1 is up-regulated in the leaves of infected Arabidopsis similarly to VvNPF3.2 in susceptible grapevine leaves. | His findings reveal one way that Vitis vinifera is genetically unable to combat the virus that causes powdery mildew. "Not much is known about the way a grapevine supports the growth of the powdery mildew disease, but the frogs help us provide a reasonable hypothesis for what is going on and why Cabernet Sauvingon coul... | We also cloned the Arabidopsis ortholog, AtNPF3.1, and showed that AtNPF3.1 similarly transported nitrate and nitrite with low affinity. With an Arabidopsis triple mutant that is susceptible to E. necator, we found that AtNPF3.1 is up-regulated in the leaves of infected Arabidopsis similarly to VvNPF3.2 in susceptible ... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140430133139.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1126/scitranslmed.3008325 | Biology_easy_143 | The rats walked more than 1,000 steps without failure, and could also climb staircases of various heights and lengths with fluid movements. | Precision of step height control significantly increased in variability ( fig. | The investigators discovered a direct relationship between the frequency of electrical stimulation and how high rats lifted their limbs. The rats walked more than 1,000 steps without failure, and could also climb staircases of various heights and lengths with fluid movements. The scientists are planning a clinical tria... | Despite these multifaceted challenges, the controller successfully tuned EES frequency to instantly adjust step height to varying reference bands (movie S2). Precision of step height control significantly increased in variability ( fig. Human patients with SCI exhibit a rapid exhaustion of locomotor output during conti... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/health/nueroscience/prosthetics-are-telling-paralyzed-leg-how-to-walk-again-17243055 |
10.1038/s41467-018-06108-1 | Biology_easy_145 | With 450 million base pairs, its genome is somewhat small for a polyploid plant, but still very complex. | Higher proportions of non-synonymous mutations were found to be at low frequency compared with synonymous mutations and no significant differences in the relative proportions were found between subgenomes (Fig. | As a result, large-scale genetic changes are therefore possible in the new species, making it more adaptable in comparison with the parental species, as has now been proven by UZH researchers with rockcress. With 450 million base pairs, its genome is somewhat small for a polyploid plant, but still very complex. Advanta... | halleri 25 , suggesting similar reductions in genetic diversity in the lineages of A. kamchatica and A. thaliana. Higher proportions of non-synonymous mutations were found to be at low frequency compared with synonymous mutations and no significant differences in the relative proportions were found between subgenomes (... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/iSCNAuficZY/ |
10.1038/s41467-019-09863-x | Biology_easy_146 | However, the interdisciplinary team behind the research notes that if the world keeps the global temperature rise limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius, the additional economic impact drops to $25 trillion. | The two LSMs have markedly different responses to future climate change: SiBCASA appears to be on the upper end and JULES on the lower end of the reference multi-models studies 30 (Supplementary Note 2, Supplementary Fig. | Furthermore, the melting ice means that the Earth's surface is absorbing even more heat from the sun. However, the interdisciplinary team behind the research notes that if the world keeps the global temperature rise limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius, the additional economic impact drops to $25 trillion. This is at pre-ind... | Considering the nonlinear PCF and SAF makes the pathways towards the lower end of the range covered by the Paris Agreement targets marginally more economically attractive. The two LSMs have markedly different responses to future climate change: SiBCASA appears to be on the upper end and JULES on the lower end of the re... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39064299256&p=1pl&v=1&x=uiRMkpkYPuCChqjw9RPdQw |
10.1186/gb-2013-14-7-r73 | Biology_easy_147 | "Based upon this technology, we now have a greater understanding of transcriptome regulation, with potential to lead to therapeutic targets and better disease diagnostics." | The vlincRNAs associated with LTR promoters showed much higher tissue-specificity than either the nonrepeat or the non-LTR repeat-containing promoters ( Figure 1C ). | The number of vlincRNAs expressed by these domesticated viral sequences correlates with both embryonic development and malignant cancers. "Based upon this technology, we now have a greater understanding of transcriptome regulation, with potential to lead to therapeutic targets and better disease diagnostics." The vlinc... | Interestingly, only LTR-type repeats appear to confer strong tissue-specific expression patterns on vlincRNAs. The vlincRNAs associated with LTR promoters showed much higher tissue-specificity than either the nonrepeat or the non-LTR repeat-containing promoters ( Figure 1C ). In addition, the vlincRNAs associated with ... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130731093915.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1093/pcp/pct167 | Biology_easy_148 | His findings reveal one way that Vitis vinifera is genetically unable to combat the virus that causes powdery mildew. | Induction of AtNPF3.1 pro :GUS expression by E. necator in transgenic Arabidopsis was not tested because the mature leaf displayed a high level of GUS activity in the absence of infection. | Gassmann found that the fungus is able to trick the grapevine into providing nutrients, which allows mildew to grow and devastate the plant. His findings reveal one way that Vitis vinifera is genetically unable to combat the virus that causes powdery mildew. "Not much is known about the way a grapevine supports the gro... | 8D) , possibly suggesting redirection of nitrogen distribution by E. necator. Induction of AtNPF3.1 pro :GUS expression by E. necator in transgenic Arabidopsis was not tested because the mature leaf displayed a high level of GUS activity in the absence of infection. Our measurements of currents in response to nitrate b... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140430133139.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.014 | Biology_easy_149 | "By looking at these super-enhancers, we were able to identify a number of genes that are likely to be critical for eliminating pathogens, but which nobody had identified as important before." | Colored circles highlight transcripts expressed at least 2-fold higher in a single tonsillar subset compared with the other three subsets. | "This is the first time that these sets of super-enhancers had been mapped for these cell types," Oltz said. "By looking at these super-enhancers, we were able to identify a number of genes that are likely to be critical for eliminating pathogens, but which nobody had identified as important before." Furthermore, the r... | Although PCA underscored distinctions in transcriptional modules between innate and adaptive counterparts, ILC and Th subsets share overlapping developmental pathways and functions. Colored circles highlight transcripts expressed at least 2-fold higher in a single tonsillar subset compared with the other three subsets.... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/scientists-discover-master-dimmer-switches-that-control-activity-of-immune-cells/ |
10.1534/genetics.116.197285 | Biology_easy_151 | "We expect that resistance alleles will pop up either before the drive can spread, or after the drive spreads, and eventually replace the drive," he said. | Note that s e (t) is timedependent, as it is a function of the driver frequency. | Yet, faced with the new and sophisticated CRISPR/Cas9 method of gene drive, nature is still likely to fight back to resist the mutation successfully, Unckless said. "We expect that resistance alleles will pop up either before the drive can spread, or after the drive spreads, and eventually replace the drive," he said. ... | This 'effective' selection coefficient s e (t) specifies the expected change in frequency of the resistance allele in generation t under a model of exponential growth. Note that s e (t) is timedependent, as it is a function of the driver frequency. If resistance alleles carry a cost themselves, then s e (t) could initi... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/research-shows-nature-can-beat-back-scientific-tinkering-with-genes-of-entire-species/ |
10.1038/s41467-018-07557-4 | Biology_easy_152 | If those goals are not reached, the potential fallout could be more detrimental to Arctic communities. | The major advantage of the approach presented here is that hazard quantification can be conducted with any available infrastructure or population dataset (also using planned infrastructure and future population if suitable high-quality datasets and projections are available) and for any policy-relevant global warming s... | Hjort and his colleagues said that these projections are fairly conservative, and that the risks will not be offset by reaching emissions targets set by the Paris Agreement. If those goals are not reached, the potential fallout could be more detrimental to Arctic communities. Read More: Melting Permafrost Reveals Gnarl... | Moreover, we were able to quantify and show the magnitude of infrastructure at risk across the circumpolar permafrost domain. The major advantage of the approach presented here is that hazard quantification can be conducted with any available infrastructure or population dataset (also using planned infrastructure and f... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37952323296&p=1pl&v=1&x=YZkcSHKHdqhjfYYiUvZ_gw |
10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.004 | Biology_easy_153 | These drugs also might have broader therapeutic value for patients with mental health issues. | Following in vitro Crtc silencing, induction of Per1 and other CREB-mediated genes is greatly attenuated. | The findings reveal a little bit more about how our internal clocks function. In addition, the research could pave the way for drugs that could bring bodies in tune with the solar cycle more quickly. These drugs also might have broader therapeutic value for patients with mental health issues. | Our data show both in vitro and in vivo that CRTC1 translocates to the nucleus after phase-shifting stimuli and acts as a coactivator of CREB-driven transcription of Sik1 and Per1. Following in vitro Crtc silencing, induction of Per1 and other CREB-mediated genes is greatly attenuated. Elevated Per1 aligns the transcri... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.scienceworldreport.com/articles/9204/20130902/what-causes-jet-lag-internal-clock-slow-change-time.htm |
10.1126/sciadv.aau1291 | Biology_easy_154 | "The neurotransmitters used in this study have well-understood effects on cells, and cells already use them to communicate with each other. | Although this work is focused on epilepsy treatment, we anticipate that tailored engineering of the FIP platform will enable additional applications for electrophoretic drug delivery in neural interfacing and the treatment of neurological disorders. | "The advantage of [targeted] chemical delivery is that the effect on cells is very specific," Proctor said. "The neurotransmitters used in this study have well-understood effects on cells, and cells already use them to communicate with each other. So, in a sense, we can communicate with cells in their native language." | The FIP probe demonstrated the capability to detect, stop, and even completely prevent SLEs in an animal model by timely delivery of inhibitory neurotransmitters to the seizure source. Although this work is focused on epilepsy treatment, we anticipate that tailored engineering of the FIP platform will enable addition... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34950349292&p=1pl&v=1&x=ffMz4n5n4XLtDMruPZnsFg |
10.1002/ece3.3060 | Biology_easy_155 | "Practically, what this says is that landscape variables are not quite as important as the timing of the breeding season." | Similarly, observed that the fall breeding A. opacum has stronger genetic differentiation than A. maculatum among the same ponds in Massachusetts. | "Even though some habitat features seemed to affect dispersal, we found that, for all four species, breeding season was a better predictor than habitat of the observed genetic differences," Burkhart says. "Practically, what this says is that landscape variables are not quite as important as the timing of the breeding s... | In Missouri, found that the fall breeding A. annulatum had higher levels of genetic differentiation than the spring breeding A. maculatum on the same landscape. Similarly, observed that the fall breeding A. opacum has stronger genetic differentiation than A. maculatum among the same ponds in Massachusetts. From an evol... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/salamanders-breeding-1515412-2/ |
10.1111/1365-2656.12871 | Biology_easy_157 | It is no longer a case of which disease is a better control agent, because their effectiveness is intrinsically linked." | Infection dose is likely to play an important role for the progression of RHDV. | Our study shows the first evidence that both viruses work in tandem to control rabbit population numbers. It is no longer a case of which disease is a better control agent, because their effectiveness is intrinsically linked." "The effect of RHDV disease virus on rabbits is enhanced by previous infection with MYXV viru... | Alternatively, lower abundance of virus-carrying flies may result in lower abundance of virus particles in the environment, which, in turn, may lead to low dose contraction. Infection dose is likely to play an important role for the progression of RHDV. If reasonably large proportions of susceptible individuals are onl... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34506942217&p=1pl&v=1&x=OCP5j07SbNKK_Tx7JPH1Dw |
10.1038/s41467-018-05396-x | Biology_easy_159 | "Taken together, these characteristics give the crystalsome its superior staying power in the bloodstream," said Cheng, whose research group specializes in engineering molecules for intravenous drug delivery. | The ultra-long circulation time of the 7-day crystallized BCCs arises from the high crystallinity and uniform crystalline chain packing on the curved BCC shells which minimize defect formation in the crystals. | "And a more direct intravenous delivery means that treatments are likely to be more effective." "Taken together, these characteristics give the crystalsome its superior staying power in the bloodstream," said Cheng, whose research group specializes in engineering molecules for intravenous drug delivery. The discovery p... | Combining all these results, we can conclude that there is a close correlation between the BCC crystallinity and the blood circulation time, shown in Fig. The ultra-long circulation time of the 7-day crystallized BCCs arises from the high crystallinity and uniform crystalline chain packing on the curved BCC shells whic... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34695773224&p=1pl&v=1&x=CZmJaSw0Bgfp5D_SpZKWJQ |
10.1016/j.mito.2018.08.001 | Biology_easy_160 | The molecular features of this process are universal," said Naviaux, who also directs the Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center at UC San Diego. | When caring for acute disruptions in health, the careful identification of the trigger, or cause of the problem, and the anatomical location of the defect, is an important part of good medical care. | The molecular features of this process are universal," said Naviaux, who also directs the Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center at UC San Diego. A concussion sustained before an earlier concussion has completely resolved typically results in more severe symptoms and prolonged recovery, even if the second impact is... | Reframing the pathogenesis of chronic illness in this way, as a systems problem that maintains disease, rather than focusing on remote trigger(s) that caused the initial injury, permits new research to focus on novel signaling therapies to unblock the healing cycle, and restore health when other approaches have failed.... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37036494336&p=1pl&v=1&x=fSLbjdg9pAN1rFXsEu2RGA |
10.1098/rsos.171474 | Biology_easy_161 | For example the FBI report referenced above finds that while the 63 active shooters examined in the study couldn't be linked based on demographics alone:
62% of the shooters had a history of acting in an abusive, harassing, or oppressive way (e.g. | These topics provide promising avenues for inquiry and have direct implications for literature focused on antisocial behaviours such as bullying, trolling and griefing . | "There's actually no useful profile of a mass shooter," Randazzo said, "but there's a lot we can look at in terms of behavior." For example the FBI report referenced above finds that while the 63 active shooters examined in the study couldn't be linked based on demographics alone:
62% of the shooters had a history of ... | This is not to say that some mechanics and situations in gaming do not foment angry feelings or reactions in players such as feelings of incompetence , trash talking or competition . These topics provide promising avenues for inquiry and have direct implications for literature focused on antisocial behaviours such as b... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39882736616&p=1pl&v=1&x=QLA1HMQhScCizGL1drmq5A |
10.1038/s41467-018-04627-5 | Biology_easy_163 | For the few children who showed no significant decline in diffusion by MRI, Yeatman said there could be compounding differences in individual capacities for brain plasticity, age of the participants (younger brains may be more susceptible to change than slightly older ones) or other factors. | Widespread changes in the white matter track learning. | In the majority of these subjects, diffusion rates decreased in the arcuate and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. For the few children who showed no significant decline in diffusion by MRI, Yeatman said there could be compounding differences in individual capacities for brain plasticity, age of the participants (younge... | Motion and Reading Skill were unrelated (r(97) = 0.13, p = 0.19). Widespread changes in the white matter track learning. The AF and ILF connect distinct components of the reading circuitry and are thought to carry signals that contribute uniquely to the reading process 48 . | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34316135354&p=1pl&v=1&x=D1Z-S3HDnAF3EPGxC7uLSg |
10.1098/rsos.171474 | Biology_easy_164 | There's also no evidence that either the El Paso or Dayton shooter was a fan of video games. | Alternatively, youngsters who are willing to report in less desirable ways might be more likely to report on both their own and in-game aggression. | "So we found pretty convincing evidence that it didn't really matter what kinds of games teenagers played, boys and girls, violent games, nonviolent games -- that wasn't really a useful piece of information about whether or not a parent saw aggressive behaviors in their young person." There's also no evidence that eith... | For example, it may be that more aggressive young people tend to rate the games they play as having more aggression because underlying differences in aggressive or hostile perceptual biases orient them to these game features, whereas less aggressive young people attend to different aspects of play. Alternatively, young... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39881272230&p=1pl&v=1&x=agjUuQHKttCmyqc0lNUvPA |
10.1038/s41467-019-09863-x | Biology_easy_165 | This is at pre-industrial levels, which is consistent with international Paris Agreement target. | 5a ; even with the current parameterisations, the upper tails in the distributions are at their lowest for the 1.5°C scenario. | However, the interdisciplinary team behind the research notes that if the world keeps the global temperature rise limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius, the additional economic impact drops to $25 trillion. This is at pre-industrial levels, which is consistent with international Paris Agreement target. "Our findings support t... | Some of these effects are already included implicitly in the highly uncertain non-economic and discontinuity impact sectors in PAGE-ICE, contributing to the long upper tails in the distributions of the total economic effect of climate change in Fig. 5a ; even with the current parameterisations, the upper tails in the d... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39064299256&p=1pl&v=1&x=uiRMkpkYPuCChqjw9RPdQw |
10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.003 | Biology_easy_166 | "Chronic accumulation of salt in the tissue thus may have become rather a problem than an advantage," Titze says. | Similarly, HS augmented NO release in peritoneal MF ( Figure S1A ). | However, with the development of effective antibiotics and other infection treatments for infection, humans may no longer need huge amounts of salt in their system to protect them, the researchers note. "Chronic accumulation of salt in the tissue thus may have become rather a problem than an advantage," Titze says. The... | Parallel experiments with increased concentrations of the tonicity control, urea, (Table S1 ) neither increased Nos2 expression nor NO release ( Figure 2A ). Similarly, HS augmented NO release in peritoneal MF ( Figure S1A ). In line with earlier data , HS boosted LPS-induced TNF secretion in MF (Figures S1B and S1C). | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.techtimes.com/articles/37351/20150304/the-healthy-side-to-sodium.htm |
10.1086/693564 | Biology_easy_168 | "It is just mean to the creature," Kammerer said. | We readily acknowledge that the free-living biodiversity of soils may also be extensive, and its inclusion might change our estimates somewhat. | Nearly 15 years later, the money from the auction is still being used for conservation in the region. "It is just mean to the creature," Kammerer said. "I think all animals, all organisms, are precious and irreplaceable and worthy of respect." | Second, in some groups we did not include estimates of their free-living diversity, especially in soils (e.g., mites, nematodes, protists, and bacteria). We readily acknowledge that the free-living biodiversity of soils may also be extensive, and its inclusion might change our estimates somewhat. However, additions of ... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38981580573&p=1pl&v=1&x=Y8hj7JQLdrpGIg7lpFM9kg |
10.1373/clinchem.2012.187617 | Biology_easy_169 | According to the scientists involved, this was an unprecedented and unique opportunity to find out if long-term space travel is safe, or even possible. | Combinations of metabolomics strategies, including MS, HPLC, and NMR, are leading to discoveries of metabolites and small compounds derived from the human microbiome. | "But that does not replicate what's going on in the mammalian gut," Vitaterna said. According to the scientists involved, this was an unprecedented and unique opportunity to find out if long-term space travel is safe, or even possible. But the science can't stop here. | Thus, modulation of murine metabolic homeostasis can be achieved by altering the gut microbiota through antibiotic manipulation. Combinations of metabolomics strategies, including MS, HPLC, and NMR, are leading to discoveries of metabolites and small compounds derived from the human microbiome. One such microbial signa... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38972928248&p=1pl&v=1&x=ysfCh3UQ1PqOUUs0UQwPzg |
10.14814/phy2.13617 | Biology_easy_170 | "The effects of light at night exposure can definitely go beyond sleep," Akacem said. | The intra and interassay coefficients of variation were 4.1% and 6.6%, respectively. | For preschoolers, this may not only lead to trouble falling asleep one night, but to chronic problems feeling sleepy at bedtime. "The effects of light at night exposure can definitely go beyond sleep," Akacem said. The study sample size was small and it used only one intensity of light, 1,000 lux, which is far greater ... | For one child, we replaced actigraphic measures with sleep diary data due to noncompliance with wearing the actigraph. The intra and interassay coefficients of variation were 4.1% and 6.6%, respectively. Children were exposed to an average of 1033 AE 158 lux during the experimental light stimulus. | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33480456707&p=1pl&v=1&x=hN9hUXXld--gBVhWbWCNfA |
10.1086/693564 | Biology_easy_171 | Chakrabarty said auctions that result in a species being named after someone not involved in the work can be "abhorrent to the culture of science" and argues that there are other ways to get funding for field work. | Therefore, the proportional richness of nematodes (relative to other organisms) may depend on how many groups of insects are potentially infected by nematodes, the number of nematode parasites per insect species, and their level of host specificity. | It seems like a pittance," Kammerer said. Chakrabarty said auctions that result in a species being named after someone not involved in the work can be "abhorrent to the culture of science" and argues that there are other ways to get funding for field work. "It was an opportunity to bring attention to an amazing place, ... | This yields 10.2 million mite species, and 51 million arthropod species overall. Therefore, the proportional richness of nematodes (relative to other organisms) may depend on how many groups of insects are potentially infected by nematodes, the number of nematode parasites per insect species, and their level of host sp... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38981580573&p=1pl&v=1&x=Y8hj7JQLdrpGIg7lpFM9kg |
10.1373/clinchem.2012.187617 | Biology_easy_173 | Overall, NASA views this study as good news so far for their plans of crewed missions to Mars. | In another study, TLR2-deficient mice developed obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance, and the gut microbiomes of TLR2-deficient mice had a greater abundance of Firmicutes and fewer Actinobacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium . | One of his eyeballs swelled slightly and his telomeres, special caps on the ends of his DNA strands, also experienced long-term shortening upon return to Earth -- both are phenomena seen generally among space station astronauts. Overall, NASA views this study as good news so far for their plans of crewed missions to Ma... | When gut microbiomes from these mice were transplanted into germ-free mice with an intact tolllike receptor 5 (TLR5) gene, recipient mice developed similar features of the metabolic syndrome, which suggests that the intestinal microbiome was the key determinant of this disease phenotype. In another study, TLR2-deficien... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38972928248&p=1pl&v=1&x=ysfCh3UQ1PqOUUs0UQwPzg |
10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.003 | Biology_easy_174 | MORE FDA Wants to Limit Your Salt Intake. | Additional 23 Na spectroscopy revealed enhanced Na + concentrations in infected human skin ( Figure 1B ), which were consistent with Na + -to-water ratios obtained by chemical analysis in bitten mice with infected skin lesions ( Figures 1C and 1D ). | So I would be hesitant to draw any conclusions for humans at this stage." He and others are already setting up more experiments, however, to study how salt might become the next weapon in fighting infections. MORE FDA Wants to Limit Your Salt Intake. | Na MRI reliably detects skin-Na + content but underestimates Na + concentrations. Additional 23 Na spectroscopy revealed enhanced Na + concentrations in infected human skin ( Figure 1B ), which were consistent with Na + -to-water ratios obtained by chemical analysis in bitten mice with infected skin lesions ( Figures 1... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://time.com/3730061/the-weird-benefit-of-eating-salty-food/ |
10.1038/s41467-018-04906-1 | Biology_easy_175 | Note: material may have been edited for length and content. | This enabled the fine patterns of transparent electrodes required in fingerprint sensors that need to detect the period between the ridges and valleys of human fingers (~100 μm) . | This suggests that the sensors may have the potential to replace finger-print activation buttons in the future. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source. | On the other hand, the AgNF-AgNW hybrid structure exhibited a negligible dependence of R s on the pattern widths, and it had a significantly low R s even for narrow patterns with widths <100 μm. This enabled the fine patterns of transparent electrodes required in fingerprint sensors that need to detect the period betwe... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34462398193&p=1pl&v=1&x=A28oMFBmBg6QkN0nivavQw |
10.1038/s41467-018-05870-6 | Biology_easy_176 | Novel Science
The scientists caution the research is early stage. | 6a ), several MD-miRNAs were highly induced in the liver of L-Ago2 WT mice fed HFD and a leptin-deficient (ob/ob) obese mice ( Fig. | "This allows us to explore the potential of finding a novel therapeutic approach that alters energy balance in obesity and modulates the associated diseases." Novel Science
The scientists caution the research is early stage. Their findings still need additional study and verification in laboratory models and the devel... | While Ago2 protein levels were slightly decreased in the liver of mice fed HFD (Supplemental Fig. 6a ), several MD-miRNAs were highly induced in the liver of L-Ago2 WT mice fed HFD and a leptin-deficient (ob/ob) obese mice ( Fig. 6c and Supplemental Fig. | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37060860200&p=1pl&v=1&x=8Lal0RIMgLlUZpQnXZ6jPQ |
10.1242/jeb.147082 | Biology_easy_177 | Perhaps rat snakes were "just terrible" at escaping once kingsnakes had them in their grasp, Penning reasoned. | In a full model (pulling force=mass×species), the interaction (F 5,86 =0.25, P>0.9) and species factor (F 5,86 =2.1, P>0.068) were not significant. | But, after hours of complex dissection, "Lo and behold, there was no quantifiable difference," Penning said. Perhaps rat snakes were "just terrible" at escaping once kingsnakes had them in their grasp, Penning reasoned. But that experiment also failed to find a difference. | Maximum pulling forces ranged from 0.9 to 24.5 N (Table 3) . In a full model (pulling force=mass×species), the interaction (F 5,86 =0.25, P>0.9) and species factor (F 5,86 =2.1, P>0.068) were not significant. Removing the interaction term did not result in a significant species effect, producing a final model that incl... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.livescience.com/58285-how-kingsnakes-eat-rat-snakes.html |
10.1038/s41467-019-09863-x | Biology_easy_179 | "We hope our work will lead to further assessments of multiple nonlinear processes in the Earth's climate system, both those associated with the Arctic and beyond." | CMIP5 GCMs, however, produced increases in the water vapour feedback in warmer climates associated with rising tropopause 57 . | The research team say they hope their assessments will provide a better understanding of the socio-economic risks from climate change under different scenarios, and help guide policy-makers towards prudent decisions on emissions reduction targets. "Our findings support the need for more proactive mitigation measures to... | The combined magnitude of these feedbacks showed weak responses to GMST increases in CMIP3 GCMs 21 . CMIP5 GCMs, however, produced increases in the water vapour feedback in warmer climates associated with rising tropopause 57 . While the state-dependencies in the planetary feedbacks require further investigations as pa... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39075144927&p=1pl&v=1&x=7hu8D2B6RjJADdTPIfJdLQ |
10.1098/rstb.2008.0288 | Biology_easy_181 | Researchers noticed that a part of the brain called the hippocampus was much larger in these animals than in similar species that did not secret away their snacks. | However, we would argue that the potential costs of expertise also warrant consideration. | With the new research, scientists can definitively say that London taxi drivers not only have larger-than-average memory centers in their brains, but also that their intensive training is responsible for the growth. Researchers noticed that a part of the brain called the hippocampus was much larger in these animals tha... | This was attributed to their musical sight-reading and motor sequencing expertise. However, we would argue that the potential costs of expertise also warrant consideration. We found that the hippocampus is not required for general orientation in the city, detailed topographical knowledge of landmarks and their spatial ... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=london-taxi-memory |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.045 | Biology_easy_182 | The researchers were also able to show that the babies who had abnormal development of the gut flora during the first weeks also demonstrated a disorder of the immune system. | The finding that children of different levels of maturity and postnatal environmental conditions converge on a shared developmental trajectory early in life was unexpected to us. | Only small amounts of blood, just a few drops from each baby, are needed to analyse all the white blood cells and hundreds of proteins circulating in the blood. The researchers were also able to show that the babies who had abnormal development of the gut flora during the first weeks also demonstrated a disorder of the... | We conclude from these findings that interactions with microbes colonizing newborn children during the first weeks of life are seemingly important, and perturbation to this process of colonization is associated with perturbations to the stereotypic immune system developmental early in life. The finding that children of... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34901466233&p=1pl&v=1&x=3s65PefAzHVGUtcPhREU_Q |
10.3892/ijmm.2011.724 | Biology_easy_183 | Stock up on various waters, bananas, eggs and magnesium, and you'll be back to your old self in no time. | The concentration of sugar is considerably lower than that found in the sap of sugar maples. | Organic bananas, of course, contain more beneficial potassium and other minerals." Stock up on various waters, bananas, eggs and magnesium, and you'll be back to your old self in no time. Of course, whether you try one or all of the above remedies, there's one tip that will help your hangover the most: Skip the eggnog ... | Thus, the severity of liver disease can be proportional to the down-regulation of the activity of ADH or ALDH. The concentration of sugar is considerably lower than that found in the sap of sugar maples. The best sap production comes from cold-winter areas with continental climates. | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38074943064&p=1pl&v=1&x=2b4yyZTVq7IsxuRn7mTrKw |
10.1038/jid.2009.93 | Biology_easy_185 | Diverse onderzoeken hebben aangetoond dat het aanbrengen van kokosolie op de huid hydraterend werkt. | Our data demonstrate that either intradermal or epicutaneous administration of lauric acid with P. acnes decreased the number of detected bacteria in the ear, thereby relieving P. acnes-induced ear swelling and granulomatous inflammation ( Figures 5 and 6 ). | Maar volgens een onderzoek is laurinezuur effectiever tegen acne dan benzoylperoxide. Diverse onderzoeken hebben aangetoond dat het aanbrengen van kokosolie op de huid hydraterend werkt. Vette huid
Heb je een vette huid dan kun je beter uitkijken met kokosolie op je gezicht smeren. | However, P. acnes inside cells may be susceptible to the antimicrobial activities of lauric acid, which is cell membrane permeable. Our data demonstrate that either intradermal or epicutaneous administration of lauric acid with P. acnes decreased the number of detected bacteria in the ear, thereby relieving P. acnes-in... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38348114665&p=1pl&v=1&x=C9tpqKEjjKmmVRf7LIFKlg |
10.1098/rsos.171474 | Biology_easy_186 | "They might think Fortnite is violent or that people who play Mario are more likely to be aggressive towards turtles. | A total of 1596 games were named and successfully coded for violent content. | He found that people who have never played video games before are more likely to have biases about them and unrealistic expectations about them. "They might think Fortnite is violent or that people who play Mario are more likely to be aggressive towards turtles. But once you get the hands-on experience, you see that th... | Individuals' scores on the five-item conduct problems subscale of the SDQ ranged from 5 to 15 A total of 1596 games were named and successfully coded for violent content. Of these nearly two in three had a violent content badge and were coded 1 (k ¼ 1033), while the remaining games did not have a violent content badge ... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39882021759&p=1pl&v=1&x=WDSVA9_GGY2tcF2kX9kO8w |
10.1038/s41467-018-04408-0 | Biology_easy_187 | The study, published in Nature Communications, can be of significance for the future treatment of diseases. | By contrast, the number of dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes and neutrophils were unaltered in G-ARKO spleens (Supplementary Fig. | New findings are now being presented on possible mechanisms behind gender differences in the occurrence of rheumatism and other autoimmune diseases. The study, published in Nature Communications, can be of significance for the future treatment of diseases. "In this way, we can eventually provide better treatment for th... | Male G-ARKO mice had 1.8-fold more B cells in the spleen than littermate controls (with the Pgk1-Cre construct only) ( Fig. By contrast, the number of dendritic cells, macrophages/monocytes and neutrophils were unaltered in G-ARKO spleens (Supplementary Fig. G-ARKO mice are also testosterone-deficient . | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34228585539&p=1pl&v=1&x=jeRWiJSUImhYEA135bTOfw |
10.1038/ncomms14514 | Biology_easy_188 | It turns out with these clusters, every single cluster is exactly the same structure. | This mode hardening indicates the presence of a compressive strain in the NCs, which increases in magnitude with decreasing size. | This crystal structure is a result of internal strain in the clusters. It turns out with these clusters, every single cluster is exactly the same structure. Somehow, at this size, the electronic structure of the material is so stable that every single cluster has the same arrangement of atoms." | 5) . This mode hardening indicates the presence of a compressive strain in the NCs, which increases in magnitude with decreasing size. It must, however, be acknowledged that the LO phonon frequency can shift also due to the effect of phonon confinement in small crystallites, as shown by the classic work of Richter et a... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/uNVFlIGRBVk/ |
10.1080/10635150701775111 | Biology_easy_190 | And that under normal circumstances when they were very few in number they were able to recover." | 56 FIGURE 2. | "Given the genetic history, it is clear that the pigeon numbers got really big and then really small. And that under normal circumstances when they were very few in number they were able to recover." Early, too, feels that the paper leads to "a hypothesis rather than a strong conclusion." | In cases of divergent ecological niches and a pair of valid 910 SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY VOL. 56 FIGURE 2. The disjunct northern area highlighted by the ellipse is actually not occupied by Phelsuma modesta. | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://arstechnica.com/science/2014/06/humans-not-entirely-at-fault-for-passenger-pigeon-extinction/ |
10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.028 | Biology_easy_191 | "PTSD is unique among psychiatric disorders in that we know when it starts -- at the time of the trauma. | *p % 0.05 versus HC and 2 hr. | The finding may accelerate the development of treatments for preventing PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder). "PTSD is unique among psychiatric disorders in that we know when it starts -- at the time of the trauma. Out of thousands of genes they examined, their "top gene" was Tachykinin 2 or Tac2. | False discovery rate (FDR) was (B) Tac2 mRNA levels are rapidly upregulated in the amygdala during fear consolidation 30 min after fear conditioning. *p % 0.05 versus HC and 2 hr. n = 7-8 per group. | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/06/140630124423.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1038/s41467-018-05870-6 | Biology_easy_192 | "Although this is still basic science, we propose that there may be important translational implications for our findings for chronic metabolic disorders like diabetes, fatty liver diseases, and other obesity associated illnesses," said Nakamura, senior investigator and a member of the Division of Endocrinology. | Inactivation of hepatic Ago2 improves systemic glucose metabolism. | This helped stave off obesity and prevented the mice from developing diabetes and fatty liver disease, which can severely damage the vital organ--which helps rid the body of toxic substances. "Although this is still basic science, we propose that there may be important translational implications for our findings for ch... | These results suggest a possible association of Ago2 and miRNAs whose expression is regulated by Ago2 with human metabolic diseases. Inactivation of hepatic Ago2 improves systemic glucose metabolism. We observed that L-Ago2 KO mice fed normal chow diet (NCD) exhibited enhanced capacities for glucose metabolism, as asse... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37061323146&p=1pl&v=1&x=l5-40ws2AOkos3TN_hE55A |
10.1016/j.mito.2018.08.001 | Biology_easy_193 | Naviaux suggests science may be on the cusp of writing a second book of medicine, one that focuses on the prevention of chronic illness and new treatments for chronic disease that can help some people recover completely, where old approaches produced only small improvements with symptoms that persisted for life. | The temporal parallel between disease, diet, and exercise is no accident. | "It's abnormalities in metabokine signaling that cause the normal stages of the cell danger response to persist abnormally, creating blocks in the healing cycle," said Navaiux, who noted CDR theory also explains why some people heal more quickly than others and why a chronic disease seemingly treated successfully can r... | The tempo of chronic disease is slower than many people might think. The temporal parallel between disease, diet, and exercise is no accident. The ability to shift metabolism according to seasonal changes and new patterns of food availability within a few weeks of migration to a new location was key to the survival of ... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37052707703&p=1pl&v=1&x=sh4bblHfq4G8CThdM37YaA |
10.1098/rsos.171474 | Biology_easy_194 | An important step taken in this study was preregistration, where the researchers publicly registered their hypothesis, methods and analysis technique prior to beginning the research. | The results provide confirmatory evidence that violent video game engagement, on balance, is not associated with observable variability in adolescents' aggressive behaviour. | "Our findings suggest that researcher biases might have influenced previous studies on this topic, and have distorted our understanding of the effects of video games," says co-author Dr. Netta Weinstein from Cardiff University. An important step taken in this study was preregistration, where the researchers publicly re... | This is among the first studies to test the effects of violent gaming on human aggression using a preregistered hypothesis-testing framework and the first to do so following the registered reports protocol. The results provide confirmatory evidence that violent video game engagement, on balance, is not associated with ... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38630667262&p=1pl&v=1&x=eg7bkQTzSVqLm5ru549FjQ |
10.1016/j.mito.2018.08.001 | Biology_easy_195 | "It's abnormalities in metabokine signaling that cause the normal stages of the cell danger response to persist abnormally, creating blocks in the healing cycle," said Navaiux, who noted CDR theory also explains why some people heal more quickly than others and why a chronic disease seemingly treated successfully can r... | Over 100 chronic illnesses can be classified according to the stage of the CDR that is blocked (Table 1) . | Naviaux's team is preparing for a larger, longer trial in 2019. "It's abnormalities in metabokine signaling that cause the normal stages of the cell danger response to persist abnormally, creating blocks in the healing cycle," said Navaiux, who noted CDR theory also explains why some people heal more quickly than other... | The savings in a single year would be more than the annual budgets of the National Institutes of Health (NIH; $37 billion), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA; $8.7 billion), Food and Drug Administration (FDA; $5.1 billion), and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA; $151 billion) combined. Over 100 chronic illnesse... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/ypj94azpXWE/ |
10.1098/rstb.2004.1522 | Biology_easy_196 | It really took a village to care for my sick sister. | This changing sample from one wave to the next seriously limits our ability to analyse the dynamics of subjective well-being. | "When Ruthie got sick, there were things that her family could not do--they couldn't get the kids to school without help, they couldn't get meals on the table without help, they couldn't pay the bill without help. It really took a village to care for my sick sister. Hundreds of people came together, raising $43,000 for... | The number of transition and developing countries increases from one wave to the next, and many of the industrial countries sampled in the first wave are absent for at least one of the two following waves. This changing sample from one wave to the next seriously limits our ability to analyse the dynamics of subjective ... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/04/relationships-are-more-important-than-ambition/275025/ |
10.1080/10635150701775111 | Biology_easy_197 | It is nature's fault too
Zink and his colleagues thought natural fluctuation may have played a role in the bird's extinction. | There is no obvious sexual dichromatism and no sexual dimorphism, except that males have femoral pores and may reach a slightly larger size (see Table 2 ). | Their excrement was toxic to plants and when a flock roosted on trees, they could break all the branches through the sheer numbers perching." It is nature's fault too
Zink and his colleagues thought natural fluctuation may have played a role in the bird's extinction. They knew that such fluctuations could dramatically... | The only ontogenetic variation in coloration now seen 919 in preservation is the slightly pale yellow tail, which is found in the juvenile coloration of smallest specimen examined, AMNH R-155722 (RAX 8682), with an SVL of 25 mm. There is no obvious sexual dichromatism and no sexual dimorphism, except that males have fe... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/753700-humans-not-entirely-at-fault-for-passenger-pigeon-extinction/ |
10.1080/10635150701775111 | Biology_easy_199 | When asked what could be done to gather more evidence to support their hypothesis, Zink admitted that the fluctuation hypothesis is part speculation. | nov. model (Fig. | It shows our method is pretty robust." When asked what could be done to gather more evidence to support their hypothesis, Zink admitted that the fluctuation hypothesis is part speculation. "Given the genetic history, it is clear that the pigeon numbers got really big and then really small. | In contrast to the combined Phelsuma dubia + P. hielscheri + P. ravenala sp. nov. model (Fig. 5f ), the majority of Phelsuma dubia + P. ravenala sp. | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://arstechnica.com/science/2014/06/humans-not-entirely-at-fault-for-passenger-pigeon-extinction/ |
10.1086/693564 | Biology_easy_200 | The most valuable animal turned out to be a wormlike amphibian from Panama, which drew a winning bid of $25,000 from a British sustainable building materials company called EnviroBuild. | September 2017 235 lower than host richness, based on declining parasite description rates over time . | The Virginia-based nonprofit group claimed the auction raised $182,500 for its conservation programs. The most valuable animal turned out to be a wormlike amphibian from Panama, which drew a winning bid of $25,000 from a British sustainable building materials company called EnviroBuild. With more than 27,000 species at... | Our approach is only one among many used to estimate global richness (e.g., . September 2017 235 lower than host richness, based on declining parasite description rates over time . We suggest that the most important parasites for estimating overall global richness are those with potentially species-specific host relati... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38981580573&p=1pl&v=1&x=Y8hj7JQLdrpGIg7lpFM9kg |
10.1016/j.neuron.2018.12.026 | Biology_easy_201 | He found, however, that even though the ratio of excitation to inhibition was higher than in normal mouse brains, neurons maintained a normal spiking rate. | Averaging across WT cells revealed a smooth contour of G ex /G in scaling combinations that predict no change in PSP peak (PSP diff = 0), which we term the ''PSP stability contour'' ( Figure 3D , thick contour). | In all the mice, inhibition was lower than normal, and excitation was also lower, though less so, leading to an increase in the excitation-inhibition ratio. He found, however, that even though the ratio of excitation to inhibition was higher than in normal mouse brains, neurons maintained a normal spiking rate. This wa... | Instead, equal weakening of G ex and G in reduces PSP peak, and further weakening of G in restores it (example cell, Figure 3C ). Averaging across WT cells revealed a smooth contour of G ex /G in scaling combinations that predict no change in PSP peak (PSP diff = 0), which we term the ''PSP stability contour'' ( Figure... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38318437455&p=1pl&v=1&x=tFlh-_qIVNCNf8CEol-uvQ |
10.2337/db13-1600 | Biology_easy_202 | Far-reaching consequences
Casey Donovan, MaryAnn Bohland-Matveyenko, Anne Jokiaho and Alan Watts
For the past seven years, Donovan and USC Dornsife neuroscientist Alan Watts collaborated on research into the central or physiological mechanisms that are important in normalizing blood glucose levels. | Finally, we demonstrated that both hindbrain neuronal activation and the sympathoadrenal response to rapid-onset hypoglycemia (20.16 mmol/L/min) appear independent of peripheral glucosensory input. | "And unlike hyperglycemia or diabetes, which take many years to become lethal, the severe complications of deep hypoglycemia can develop within hours." Far-reaching consequences
Casey Donovan, MaryAnn Bohland-Matveyenko, Anne Jokiaho and Alan Watts
For the past seven years, Donovan and USC Dornsife neuroscientist Ala... | Thus, as has been shown for the sympathoadrenal response, the ascending trajectory used for portal-mesenteric hypoglycemic sensory information to the hindbrain appears to be spinal, not vagal. Finally, we demonstrated that both hindbrain neuronal activation and the sympathoadrenal response to rapid-onset hypoglycemia (... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/metabolic-problems/diabetes/49962-diabetes-detectives.html |
10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.028 | Biology_easy_203 | When we identified some of the mechanisms underlying this regulation, I was amazed by how a single protein can act as an activity sensor, orchestrate such a complex molecular program and simultaneously influence several key cellular processes', said Dr Emilia Favuzzi, first author of the study from the Centre for Devel... | Although both Bcan isoforms seem to be regulated by activity, the increase in the Bcan1/Bcan2 ratio suggests that Bcan2 may be the main isoform that responds to changes in activity ( Figure S7P ). | These novel findings show that Brevican is dynamically regulated by experiences coming from the environment and is fundamentally required for spatial working memory and short-term memories. When we identified some of the mechanisms underlying this regulation, I was amazed by how a single protein can act as an activity ... | Noteably, the reduction of Bcan2-but not Bcan1-was still maintained after 30 days of EE ( Figures 7N, 7O , S7N, and S7O). Although both Bcan isoforms seem to be regulated by activity, the increase in the Bcan1/Bcan2 ratio suggests that Bcan2 may be the main isoform that responds to changes in activity ( Figure S7P ). A... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/how-neurons-sense-our-everyday-life/ |
10.1038/ncomms4999 | Biology_easy_204 | Any longer and the enzyme would simple oscillate forever: react, unreact, react, unreact, etc. | The dramatically improved signal-to-noise ratio hence allows the reliable detection of small changes induced by biochemical means. | Any shorter, and biochemical reactions would become inefficient as energy is drained from the system too quickly. Any longer and the enzyme would simple oscillate forever: react, unreact, react, unreact, etc. The picosecond ringing time is just perfect for the most efficient reaction. | This advantage means that small changes in a particular spectral region, which might appear as a simple amplitude change when observed within a narrow frequency range, can be identified and interpreted correctly. The dramatically improved signal-to-noise ratio hence allows the reliable detection of small changes induce... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/06/140603092424.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1093/infdis/jiw306 | Biology_easy_205 | The suppression of PPAR-g and GLUT-1 levels in mouse models of bacterial meningitis caused extensive neurological effects. | This glucose-deficient environment leads to a stress response in the BBB, thereby further enhancing the expression of Ecgp96 for more bacteria to bind and invade. | "We found that expression of glucose transporters is completely shut down by bacteria, leaving insufficient fuel for the immune cells to fight off the infection," said the study's first author, Subramanian Krishnan, PhD, of the Division of Infectious Diseases at CHLA. The suppression of PPAR-g and GLUT-1 levels in mous... | downregulation of GLUT-1 expression. This glucose-deficient environment leads to a stress response in the BBB, thereby further enhancing the expression of Ecgp96 for more bacteria to bind and invade. On the contrary, we demonstrated here that E. coli K1 suppresses PPAR-γ and GLUT-1 levels in the endothelial cells formi... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/5mIb8JRncoY/ |
10.1038/s41467-018-06108-1 | Biology_easy_206 | Advantageous genetic mutations in addition to spare copies
Due to the large amount of genetic information, A. kamchatica is better equipped to adapt to new environmental conditions. | In contrast to the majority of the previously studied plant species including A. thaliana, we found significantly positive values of α for the two diploid species and both allopolyploid subgenomes. | With 450 million base pairs, its genome is somewhat small for a polyploid plant, but still very complex. Advantageous genetic mutations in addition to spare copies
Due to the large amount of genetic information, A. kamchatica is better equipped to adapt to new environmental conditions. "With these results, we have dem... | outcrossing ancestral species with greater N e have fewer neutral mutations and higher proportions of deleterious mutations than their derived, self-fertilized subgenomes. In contrast to the majority of the previously studied plant species including A. thaliana, we found significantly positive values of α for the two d... | [1] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37204299584&p=1pl&v=1&x=jPnch-e_YD0TBwdpam4EyA |
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