answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
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vertical transmission | In what manner are the described genetic alternations given to future generations? |
drastic reduction in its genome size | What is the main alteration in an endosymbiont when it adapts to a host? |
Muller's ratchet phenomenon | What is the term that describes the way the endosymbiont can't go back to its original phenotype? |
lack of selection mechanisms | What does the article say could be the reason for the buildup of harmful mutations? |
Latin | What language do the roots of "commensal" come from? |
Commensalism | What type of symbiotic relationship helps one organism and doesn't have a major affect on the other? |
inquilinism | What is the term for a relationship where one organism provides a dwelling for the other? |
metabiosis | What type of relationship is it when arachnids attach webs to dead plants? |
phoresy | In what type of relationship does an organism travel by means of another? |
A parasitic relationship | Antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis are alternate names for what? |
necrotrophic | What is it called when organisms are lethal to their host? |
biotrophic | What is it called when parasites need their host to live? |
as many as half | What proportion of animals go through a parasitic stage? |
a tick | Name a biotrophic organism. |
Amensalism | What is the name for the kind of symbiosis in which one organism is seriously harmed and there is no affect on the other? |
competition and antibiosis | What kinds of amensalism are there? |
competition | When a large tree takes the resources a young tree needs, what type of amensalism is it? |
juglone | What does the black walnut give out that kills plants? |
weevils | What organisms is the ibex in an amensalistic relationship with? |
shrub | What does the Spanish ibex eat? |
Amensalism | What type of relationship is it when large animals crush small plants? |
Synnecrosis | What type of relationship harms both organisms? |
death | What is the ultimate result of synnecrosis? |
uncommon | How common is synnecrosis in the natural world? |
to protect the hive | Why do bees sting even though it will kill them? |
the evolution of all eukaryotes | What far-reaching result do scientists think has come about from symbiosis with bacteria? |
plants, animals, fungi, and protists | What are eukaryotes? |
symbiosis | What does Margulis think is the main driver of evolution? |
Dorion Sagan | Who agrees with Margulis' cooperative view of evolution? |
a major role | How big a part did symbiosis have in the development of flowering plants and their pollinators? |
nectar and large sticky pollen | What did some plants produce when flowers became less simple? |
dependent | What is the word for the kind of relationship in which a plant depend on a single type of insect? |
Forces armées canadiennes | What is the French name of the Canadian Armed Forces? |
the National Defence Act | What law constitutes the CAF? |
Her Majesty | Who are the CAF supposed to protect? |
Forces canadiennes | What does CF stand for in this context? |
four | How many sub components are there? |
the National Defence Act | What act defines the CAF? |
Queen Elizabeth II | Who currently is the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces? |
the Governor General of Canada | Who represents Queen Elizabeth II? |
the Chief of the Defence Staff | Who leads the CAF? |
the Armed Forces Council. | Who advises the Chief of the Defence? |
Cold War | What war were the CAF involved in? |
the security of Europe | What was the goal of the CAF during the cold war? |
the Soviet military threat | What military thread did the CAF protect against in Europe? |
the early 1950s | Apprimately since what year was the CAF stationed in Europe? |
the early 1990s | What year did the CAF leave Europe? |
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | What Treaty is the CAF part of? |
international security operations | What type of operation is the Canadian Military involved in? |
Afghanistan | What country has the Canadian Military worked in the last years? |
2002 | What year did the Canadian Military operation in Afghanistan start? |
out of area | Where is the current focus of the Canadian Military set? |
Canada First Defence Strategy | What is Canada's defense policy based on? |
2008 | When was the Canada First Defence Strategy introduced? |
six core missions | How many missions are carried out internally in Canada? |
North America | What other location does the Canada First Defence Strategy Cover? |
conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy | What other priority do the Canadian Armed Forces also contribute too? |
deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés | What is an example of another activity that the CAF performs? |
the American Air Forces | What other air force does the CAF cooperate with? |
military training | What is one of the activities the CAF works on with other countries? |
relationship-building efforts | What diplomatic effort does the CAF perform as part of it's duties? |
1867 | What year was Canada united in a confederation? |
French and British forces | The forces of what countries did people serve before the unification? |
European powers | What is one of the threats that faced them? |
the American Revolutionary War | What American war threatened Canada? |
invasion by the United States | Early on, what did they defend against with the British? |
the British Crown-in-Council | Who initially had military command? |
Halifax | Where was the commander-in-chief stationed? |
1906 | When did the British Army and Royal Navy withdraw from Halifax? |
the Department of Militia and Defence | The Canadian Armed Forces were initially organized under what department? |
November 1940 | When did the unification complete of all the Canadian forces to be called the Canadian Army? |
Second Boer War | When was the first overseas deployment of the Canadian Military? |
British command | Under what command did they serve? |
the First World War | When were Canadian Troops called upon to assist in Europe? |
Second World War | What other European war were the Canadian Forces involved in? |
Korean War | What Asian war were the Canadian Forces involved in? |
more than 200 operations | How many operations has the Canadian Military been part of since 1947? |
72 | How many operations have been completed by the Canadian Military Internationally? |
Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War | What are some of the wars the Canadian Military was involved in? |
United Nations Peacekeeping operations | What peace keeping effort is the Canadian Military part of? |
an aircraft carrier | What type of military vehicle was maintained almost 15 years but never saw any action during the Cuban crisis? |
the Normandy Landings | What famous World War II battle was the Canadian Military part of? |
the strategic bombing of German cities | What effort was the Canadian Military known for in Germany? |
the Battle of Vimy Ridge | What Battle in France was the Canadian Military known for? |
Croatia | What country was the latest Canadian Military effort? |
the largest volunteer army ever | Canada had which biggest army during the Second World War? |
the Soviet Union | What country fell providing with more information on Canada's army size? |
Japanese | Which other country had a sizable naval army? |
1 February 1968 | When did the Canadian Armed Forced become to be? |
the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force | What does the Canadian Armed Forces mostly consist of? |
the British government | What prevented Canada from fully having their own army at the start? |
1931 | When did Canada gain independence from the United Kingdom? |
the First World War | What war aided Canadian legislative independence? |
Canadian Armed Forces | What is the old name of the Canadian Forces? |
After the 1980s | When did the Canadian Armed Forces name cease to be? |
2013 | When was the Canadian Armed Forces name reintroduced? |
Canadian Forces | What was the new name of the Canadian Armed Forces? |
Land Forces | What forces were sent out in support of peacekeeping? |
2011 | Until when were Canadian forces in Afghanistan? |
ISAF | What force were the Canadians part of in Afghanistan? |
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