answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
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only those who are already priests or bishops may be appointed cardinals | What did the Code of Canon Law state in regards to Cardinals? |
perform the functions reserved solely to bishops, such as ordination | A cardinal who does not hold the title of "bishop" may not do what? |
1962 | Cardinals who were not bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80 since what year? |
1917 | In what year did the practice of allowing non priests to become Cardinals stop? |
1962 | In what year was it declared that Cardinals had to be bishops? |
collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dependent on the Holy See and present the results to the College of Cardinals | In the time between electing new popes, what is the duty of the cardinal? |
The cardinal protodeacon | Who announces the election of a new pope? |
from the central balcony at the Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City State | Where does this person announce the election of the new pope? |
Pope John Paul I | Who was the first pope who chose not to be crowned? |
white | What color is the hat? |
30 | How many cardinal deacons were there in 2005? |
10 years | How many years before a cardinal deacon can choose the order of the cardinal priests? |
about half | In 1939, how many Cardinals were Italian? |
third | In 1994, how many Cardinals were Italian? |
seven deacons in the Papal Household | What is the name of one of the deaconries in which Cardinals come from? |
cardinal deacons | Which cardinals are ranked lowest? |
The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests | Who can become the cardinal protopriest? |
Paulo Evaristo Arns of Brazil | Who is the cardinal protopriest at this time? |
the Pope | In the College of Cardinals, the elected Dean needs the approval of who? |
a suburbicarian see | Patriarch cardinals are not given what title? |
cardinal deacons | Who are the lowest ranking cardinals in the Catholic church? |
cardinal bishops | Who are the highest ranking cardinals in the Catholic Church? |
Cardinal priests | Which rank has the most cardinals? |
priests chosen by the pope | What was the original definition of a cardinal priest? |
a titular church in Rome | Each cardinal priest has what? |
1587 | In what year did Pope Sixtus V put a cap on the number of cardinals in the College of Cardinals? |
70 | What was the maximum number allowed per Pope Sixtus V? |
Pope John XXIII | Who removed the cap on cardinals in the College of the Cardinals? |
Iranic languages | What is another term meaning Iranian languages? |
Indo-Iranian languages | What are the Iranic languages a subgroup of? |
Indo-European language family | What are Indo-Iranian languages a subset of? |
400 BCE | When did the change from Old Iranian to Middle Iranian occur? |
Middle Persian | What is an example of a Sassanid language? |
86 | How many different Iranian languages exist? |
Proto-Iranian | Iranian languages are all said to be derived from which predecessor? |
Persian and Sanskrit | From what languages does the word Aryao come? |
1836 | When was the phrase Iranian language family first used? |
Christian Lassen | Who first used the term Iranian language? |
Robert Needham Cust | Who first used the term Irano-Aryan? |
1878 | When was the phrase Irano-Aryan first used? |
Proto-Iranian | From where did Iranian languages originate? |
Central Asia | What part of the world is it theorized that Indo-Iranian languages came from? |
Andronovo | What society is a strong contender for the common culture speaking Indo-Iranian? |
2000 BC | When did the Andronovo culture exist? |
Indo-European | What language family did Thracian and Balto-Slavic belong to? |
southeastern Europe, the Iranian plateau, and Central Asia | Where did early Iranian people establish societies? |
linguistic diversity | What characteristic of Middle Iranian civilization is shown by the number of different languages and their speakers? |
two | How many of the Middlie Iranian tongues have remained in existence since ancient time? |
the Behistun inscription | In which historical record does Old Persian appear in exemplary form? |
520 BC | When was the Behistun inscription written? |
4th century BC | During what century was the change from Old to Middle Persian well underway? |
Avestan | What ancient religious document exists in two versions and includes Old Iranian language? |
Zoroastrianism | What is the contemporary name of the religion which Avesta was part of? |
Rigvedic Sanskrit | What language shows a level of maturity corresponding to Old Avestan? |
Old Persian | What language shows the same level of development as Younger Avestan? |
Kurdish | What language is Carduchi thought to have become? |
Scythian | What language did Herodotus invent a name for? |
western and eastern | What are the two main divisions of Iranian tongues? |
Old Persian | Which language is associated with the western branch of Iranian? |
Avestan | Which language is associated with the eastern branch of Iranian? |
*ć and *dź | What elements of Proto-Indo-Iranian did not diverge according to the ensuing split between eastern and western variants? |
first-series palatal consonants | What type of letters are *ć and *dź? |
Nuristani languages | What languages share a similar situation? |
*ćw and *dźw | What other elements of early Iranian languages problematize the east-west division? |
consonant clusters | What is the linguistic categorization of *ćw and *dźw? |
other distinct dialect groups | What may have also been in use at the time? |
Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian | Precursors of what subset of Scythian are theorized to have existed? |
Old Parthian | What possible predecessor of Pathian is thought to have existed? |
9th century | When did the age of Middle Iranian come to a close? |
Western and Eastern | What are the two main divisions of Middle Iranian? |
Eastern | Bactrian, Sogdian, and Saka are examples of what type of Iranian language? |
Avestan | Which language bears a resemblance to the diversity of eastern Iranian languages? |
Aramaic | Where did the the alphabets used by eastern languages come from? |
Greek script | What did the Bactrian language use for writing? |
Pahlavi | What is another term for Middle Persian? |
3rd century CE | When did Middle Persian start being u sed? |
Middle Persian, Parthian and Sogdian | What are three languages employed by the Manichaeans? |
Syriac script | What was the writing of Manichaean documents similar to? |
Islam | The proliferation of which religion had a profound effect on the development of Iranian languages? |
Dari | What language displaced Middle Iranian as the court's official tongue? |
Saffarid | What was the first dynasty to use Dari? |
875 CE | When did the Saffarid dynasty begin using Dari? |
Khorasan | What area was the name Dari connected to by medieval Iranian thinkers? |
Arabic script | What was the new form of writing introduced by the spread of Islam? |
second half of the 8th century | When did usage of Middle Persian script fall off? |
Tajik script | What script was converted to Latin in the 1920s? |
the 1930s | When was Tajik script converted to Cyrillic? |
the Soviet government | Who catalyzed the conversion of Tajik script into Cyrillic? |
Khuzestan | What is another term for Western Iran? |
Sogdian and Bactrian | What are two languages that were forced out by the spread of Arabic? |
6th century AD | By what century had the area inhabited by Sarmatians been absorbed by pre-Slavic people? |
Zarafshan valley | Where can the remnants of Yaghnobi be found? |
Saka | Ossetic is a version of which Scythian language? |
Daylighting | What is used a main source of light for a building during the day? |
positive | What kind of effects can natural illumination have on a persons psychological? |
energy consumption | Using natural illumination instead of artificial light sources help with what? |
artificial light sources | Lamps and light fixtures are a form of what? |
Lighting or illumination | The use of light to achieve an aesthetic effect is know as? |
Daylighting | What can be used a main source of light for a building during the day? |
Lighting | Lamps and light fixtures are a form of what? |
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