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Did patients that have natural scenes require more potent analgesics?
University of Toronto Scarborough
What University was Alision Jing Xu the assistant professor of management at?
Northwestern University
What Univerity was Aparna Labroo associated with?
Dr. Abraham Gesner
What devised a method where kerosene could be distilled from petroleum?
1849
What year was it discovered that petroleum could be distilled into kerosene?
coal-gas methods
What method of lighting have been used since 1820s?
Compact fluorescent lamps
What does CFL stand for?
not
Are all CFLs suitable for dimming?
10%
How much more power does a standard incandescent bulb use compared to LED?
50,000
What is the average lifetime of a CFL?
50,000 hours
What is the average lifetime of a CFL?
70%
How much power does a halogen lamp save compared to a standard blub?
Light pollution
What is known as artificial light that is excessive or intrusive?
glare
What causes sharp shadows around buildings?
searchlights and flares
In a battlefield does not have natural light what could you use instead?
light
The use of what may disclose your own hidden position on a battlefield?
infrared cameras
Modern warfare has seen the increased use of what?
Flares
What can be used by military for targeting?
laser-guided and GPS weapons
What has eliminated the need for flares on a battlefield?
International Commission on Illumination
What does the CIE stand for?
The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
What does the IESNA stand for?
ANSI and ASHRAE
Who else publishes along with IESNA?
distribution of light released
What defines photo metric data?
The International Association of Lighting Designers
What does IALD stand for?
The Professional Lighting Designers Association
What does PLDA stand for?
ELDA
What was the PLDA formerly known as?
NCQLP
Who offers the Lighting Certification Examination?
The National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions
What does NCQLP stand for?
LC
Which abbreviation can you append to your name after becoming Lighting Certified?
CLEP and CLMC
What other national examinations are available?
The Professional Lighting And Sound Association
What does PLASA stand for?
UK
Where is PLASA based?
500+
How many individuals does PLASA represent?
Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive
What does RoHS stand for?
Separation of powers
Which political practice did Montesquieu originate?
three
How many divisions of the government did Montesquieu call for?
United States Constitution
What document was greatly informed by the idea of separation of powers?
checks and balances
What kind of oversight does the separation of powers help to promote?
separation of powers
What was the doctrine called that allowed the three branches of government to check the powers of each other?
John Locke
Which Enlightenment thinker supported the idea of separation of powers?
Thomas Hobbes
Which Enlightenment thinker was against the separation of powers?
Montesquieu
Who was a leading advocate of dividing government into different branches?
the framers of the United States Constitution
Whose thoughts were impacted by Montesquieu's philosophy?
John Locke
Who was an advocate of separation of powers?
Thomas Hobbes
Who was an opponent of separation of powers?
Montesquieu
Who's writing were very influential on the design of the United States Constitution?
UK
What country's government, on which the US government was modeled, did not formally implement separation of powers?
parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government
What were the two main principles informing the government of the UK?
separate and distinct
What term describes the status of the different branches of government in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia?
United Kingdom
What country's government served as a model for the United States Government?
a member of the Court of Appeals
In the 18th century what function, besides President, did the Delaware President serve?
Congress
What is the only branch of U.S. government imbued with lawmaking abilities?
Clinton v. City of New York
Which court case upheld the rule of nondelegation?
1998
When was Clinton v. City of New York decided by the Supreme Court?
Congress
In the US who has the sole power to pass legislation?
nondelegation doctrine
What is the doctrine called that does not allow congress to pass on their power to pass laws to any other agency?
Clinton v. City of New York
What was the court case that struck down the line item veto?
1998
What year was Clinton v. City of New York decided by the supreme court?
Wayman v. Southard
What was one of the first times the Supreme Court tried a case regarding nondelegation?
1825
In what year was Wayman v. Southard tried by the U.S. Supreme Court?
John Marshall
Who was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court when Wayman v. Southard reached the Supreme Court?
the judiciary
In Wayman v. Southard, what branch was accused of being given lawmaking abilities by Congress?
Wayman v. Southard
What is the name of the 1825 case where the supreme court held that congress could delegate their responsibilities to the court?
John Marshall
Who was chief justice of the supreme court under the Wayman v. Southard ruling?
the 1930s
When was the first time that a Congressional attempt at delegating lawmaking responsibility was found to be in violation of the Constitution?
National Recovery Administration
The establishment of what body was the subject of A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States?
1935
In what year was A.L.A. Schechter v. United States tried before the Supreme Court?
1935
In what year did the supreme court determine that delegating powers by congress was unconstitutional?
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
What was the supreme court case that was determined that congress could not allow the President to determine fair competition?
Army and Navy
Which branches of the national military does the U.S. president command?
Senate
Whose approval is required for the president's appointees to take office?
impeachment
What is a Congressional means of removing presidential appointees?
quasi-judicial
What term can characterize the status of bodies like the War Claims Commission and the Interstate Commerce Commission?
Executive
Which of the three branches has the duty of Commander and Chief?
the President
Who has the authority to make treaties?
impeachment
What is it called when congress terminates an appointment of the President?
Congress
Who has over-sight of the Federal Trade Commission?
the performance of their duties
To what does congress attempt to limit executive officials?
INS v. Chadha
What court case affirmed the mandates of the first and seventh sections of Article I of the Constitution?
1983
When was INS v Chadha tried before the Supreme Court?
two-thirds
By what margin can congress over ride a Presidential veto?
Judicial
In what branch is the ability to try legal cases placed?
president
Who nominates justices for the U.S. Supreme Court?
Senate
Who must approve presidential appointees to the Supreme Court?
constitutional courts
What is the term for judicial institutions exercising their power?
Judicial power
What is the power given to the supreme court and lower courts called?
the president
Who appoints a judge?
the Senate
Who gives the President advice and consent for a judge appointment?
legislative courts
What kind of courts did congress establish?
judicial power of the United States
What power are legislative courts not allowed to exercise?
President
Who can determine a date of adjournment if congress cannot agree?
The president
Who can call congress into emergency session?
The Vice President
Who serves as president of the Senate?
The president
Who has the power to issue a pardon?
The president
Who has the power to issue a reprieve?
The president
Who is the commander and chief of the Army?
Congress
Who has the power to declare ware?
the Senate
Who has the responsibility to confirm Generals and Admirals?
Courts
Who is responsible for judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison
What is the court case that established judicial review?