answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
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Treaty of the Pyrenees | Why did Spain give part of Catalonia to France? |
French | What language began to influence Catalan? |
1700 | When did French become the official language of that part of Catalonia? |
1789 | When did France outlaw Catalan? |
French Revolution | What upheaval had occurred in France just before the prohibition of patois? |
Occitan, Flemish, and Basque | Besides Catalan, Alsatian, and Breton, what other patois were banned? |
patois | What are French non standard languages called? |
1833 | When did the French obtain Algeria? |
Northern Catalonia and Minorca | Where did the Algiers immigrants come from? |
patuet | What was the Catalan immigrant's speech called? |
around 100,000 | How many Catalan speakers lived in Algiers by 1911? |
1962 | When did most Catalan speakers leave northern Catalonia? |
French | What is the official language of France? |
in public life and education | Where does the General Council want to promote Catalan? |
General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales | Who recognized Catalan as a departmental language? |
Catalan | What language does the General Council want to promote? |
Catalan | What declined in the 16th and 17th centuries? |
War of Spanish Succession | Where did Catalan experience defeat? |
1714 | When was the war of Spanish Succession? |
Spanish | What did the war in 1714 mandate as the proper language in documentation? |
Catalan | Who was defeated in the War of Spanish Succession? |
revival | What did the 19th century produce in Catalan literature? |
Catalan literary revival | What is Renaixenca? |
1833 | When did Aribau write Ode to the Homeland? |
1833 | When did this revival period begin? |
early 20th | In what century did Vedaguer, Oller, and Guimera wrte? |
Catalan | Since the transition what language has been proclaimed mandatory in schools? |
in all schools | Where is the teaching of Catalan mandatory? |
Catalan | Since the transition, what is the official language? |
mass media | Besides as an official and an educational language, where else is Catalan the prefered language? |
Andorra | Where has Catalan always been the only language? |
1993 | When was the Andorran constitution produced? |
Andorranization policies | What policies are the Andorrans enforcing? |
Catalan medium education | What is an Andorran school policy? |
Catalan | What is the only language of Andorra? |
language shift processes | What kind of shifts are taking place in Catalan speaking areas? |
60 or older | How old are most of the native language speakers in northern Catalonia? |
2004 | When was it determined that most native speakers in France are 60 or older? |
30% | What percentage of primary students study Catalan as a foreign language? |
Catalan | What do 15% of secondary school students study as a foreign language? |
Spanish | What is Catalan being supplanted by in Alicante? |
Italian | What is Catalan being replaced by in Alghero? |
ingrained diglossic attitudes | What are the anti-Catalan attitudes in Valencia and Ibiza? |
diglossic attitudes | What is another expression for bilingual attitudes? |
Catalan | What is Spanish replacing in Alicante province? |
Occitano-Romance | To what branch of Gallo-Romance languages is Catalan attributed? |
linguists | Who disagrees with putting Catalan in the Occitano-Romance branch? |
Spanish ones | What kind of linguists do not like placing Catalan in the Occitano-Romance category? |
Occitan language | What is Catalan a variety of? |
varying degrees | What are the degrees of similarity with Occitan and Gallo-Romance languages? |
differences | What are there besides degrees of similarity with Occitan? |
many traits | What does Catalan share with other Romance languages? |
closely related | Why does Catalan share many traits with other Romance languages? |
many traits | What does Catalan share with nearby Romance languages? |
Iberian Peninsula | Where is the Catalan language mostly located? |
Ibero-Romance group | In pronunciation what is Catalan different from? |
Spanish and Portuguese | What are examples of Ibero-Romance languages? |
Occitan | To what group is Catalan most closely related? |
87% | What is the similarity between Catalan and Italian? |
85% | Hoe similar is Catalan to Portuguese? |
80% | What is the percent relationship of Catalan to Spanish? |
76% | What is the relationship similarity to Ladin? |
75% | How related is Sardinian to Catalan? |
dialect of Spanish | What has Catalan often been considered? |
Francoist | During what dictatorship was Catalan considered a dialect? |
rest of Roman Hispania | What area was Roman Tarraconensis language different from? |
Occitan | What language branch did Catalan share a history with? |
Western Romance | What is Occitan a branch of? |
Germanic | What is the origin of language elements found in Catalan and not in Spanish? |
Latin origin | What is the origin of some Spanish words? |
Germanic superstrate | What has different results in Spanish and Catalan? |
Arabic element | What element in Spanish is more prominent than in Catalan? |
Arabic loanwords | What language loanwords are found in both Spanish and Catalan? |
Spanish | In which language is the Arabic element stand out more? |
of Arabic origin | Where does the Catalan word alfabia come from? |
Latin origin | What is the origin of the Spanish word teja? |
Ibero-Romance and Gallo-Romance | What are the linguistic blocks Catalan lies between? |
unique | What kind of linguistic choices does Catalan have? |
lexical | What type of unique choices does Catalan have? |
enyorar | What is the Catalan to miss somebody? |
Catalan Countries | What are the Paisos Catalans |
cultural affinity and common heritage | What is that determination based on? |
no official status | What status does Catalan Countries have? |
Various interpretations | What is the interpretation of the term? |
Països Catalans | What is the term for Catalan Countries? |
many monosyllabic words | How is Catalan different from other Romance languages? |
consonant clusters | What other type of endings do Catalan words have? |
obstruent | What kind of final devoicing does the language have? |
couplets | What do many words feature? |
Central Catalan | What is the standard pronunciation of Catalan? |
standard pronunciation | What is Central Catalan? |
standard pronunciation | What are the descriptions for? |
section pronunciation | Where do you look for the pronunciation of different dialects? |
Vulgar Latin | Where does Catalan get its vowel system? |
seven | How many stressed phenoms are there? |
Western Romance | Where is this a common feature? |
Spanish | What is the exception to this common characteristic? |
Dialects | What differs in vowel reduction? |
three | How many reduced unstressed are vowels are there in Central Catalan? |
/i/ | What vowel stays distinct? |
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