answer
stringlengths
1
239
question
stringlengths
1
25.7k
different
What kind of vowel processes do other dialects have?
In Central Catalan
Where do unstressed vowels reduce to three?
section pronunciation
Where do you find dialectic vowel reductions?
Catalan sociolinguistics
What field studies the placement of Catalan in the world?
Catalan sociolinguistics
What is the study of the differenet varieties of Catalan?
Catalan philology
What is this a subdiscipline of?
analyse the relation
What does it want to do with the language, the speakers, and reality?
other languages in contact
What outside affects does this study include?
uniformity
What do the dialects of Catalan feature?
other Romance languages
In comparison to what are the dialects uniform?
intelligibility
What is high among dialects?
90% to 95%
What is the percentage of intelligibility between dialects?
Alguerese
What dialect is the exception to intelligibility?
treatment of unstressed a and e
What is the major difference between the two blocks?
distinct
How are a and e in western dialects?
merged
What have a and e done in eastern dialects?
Northwestern Catalan and Valencian
What two dialects does Western Catalan include?
four
How many dialects are in the eastern group?
Eastern block
To what division does Central Catalan belong?
subdialects
What other divisions can be made of dialects?
Western Catalan
What block does Northwestern Catalan and Valencian belong to?
Central Catalan
What comprises the standard pronunciation of Catalan?
Central Catalan
Where are the most speakers found?
Barcelona province
In what densely populated area is it spoken?
eastern half
What part of the province of Tarragona is Central Catalan spoken?
Vulgar Latin
What is the vowel system of Catalan?
seven
How many stressed phonemes are there in Catalan?
Western Romance
Where is this system common?
Spanish
What language is the exception?
Dialects
What language form differs in the amount of vowel reduction?
Eastern Catalan
Where do unstressed vowels reduce to three?
Majorcan
What is the exception to this reduction?
/i/
Which vowel remains distinct?
Majorcan
In what language do unstressed vowels reduce to four?
Eastern Catalan
What reduction pattern do some vowels follow?
Western Catalan
What other pattern do other vowels follow?
/u/
What letter remains distinct?
Western Catalan
/u/ remaining distinct is like what form of Catalan?
five
What do unstressed vowels reduce to in Western Catalan?
/a u i/
Which letters remain distinct?
Proto-Romance
Where did this pattern come from?
Italian and Portuguese
In what other languages is this pattern found?
further reduction
What do other Western dialects sometimes offer?
Balearic
What form has the same /e/ as Central and Western?
/e/
What vowel does Central have a larger occurrence of?
higher incidence
What is the result of /e/ being the same in Central, Western and Belearic?
Valencian
What language is parle or tem ?
Northwestern
What language is parlo or temo ?
Balearic
What language is parl?
Northern
What language form is parli?
nouns and adjectives
Where do you find medieval plurals?
/n/
What letter is lost in some words?
homes
When homens loses /n/, it becomes what word?
joves
The medieval jovens becomes what what word?
proparoxytone
What kind of plural words lose /n/?
word choices
What do the two blocks of Catalan display differences in?
as an archaism
How can you explain differences in the language groups?
Central Catalan
What form is innovative?
Eastern and Western
What are the two blocks of Catalan?
lexical divergence
What does an archaism explain?
Eastern Catalan
What is Standard based on?
Standard Catalan
What form is excepted by most speakers?
traditional ones
What language forms are not now used in eastern Catalonia?
jo compre
What is jo compro changed to ?
many verbal forms
What common Valencian forms are used?
verbal forms
What forms are also common in the rest of Western Catalan?
the Balearic Islands
Where is IEC's standard used?
adapted for the Balearic dialect
How is the standard used there?
non-ending
What is a first person singular feature of the Balearic standard?
Alghero
Where has the IEC adapted its standard to the Alguerese dialect?
lo
What definite article is found rather than el?
imperfect tense
What is -v- used for?
Alguerese
What dialect employs many archaic words?
weak pronouns
What type of pronouns has Alguerese adapted?
La Franja
Where is the Catalan speaking part of Aragon?
2011
When did the government of Aragon degree the establishment of a language regulator?
Catalan
What language is the regulator meant to standardize?
La Franja
Where is the language to be regulated located?
Western dialect
How is Valencian classified?
northwestern varieties
What kind of Valencan is spoken in Western Catalonia?
Western Catalonia
Where are the provinces of Lleida and Tarragona?
Catalan and Valencian
What forms are mutually intelligible?
90% to 95%
What is the percentage of intelligibility between Catalan and Valencian?
as the same language
How do linguists view Catalan and Valencian?
as the same language
How do Valencian scholars view Catalan and Valencian?
the Valencian Academy of Language
What is the official regulating body of Valencian?
Valencian Academy of Language
Who says that there is linguistic unity between Catalan and Valencian?
Valencian parliament
Who established the AVL?
use of Valencian
Over what does the AVL make rules governing?
Norms of Castelló
What is the AVL standard based on?
everyone who writes
Who uses this standard?
Royal Academy of Valencian Culture
Who is exempt from the standard and uses their own?
different
What do most Valencian people think Valencian is in regards to Catalan?
between 2001 and 2004
When was an opinion poll done concerning Valencian?
younger generations
Who is less likely to believe that Catalan and Valencian are different?
Royal Academy of Valencian Culture
Who uses a Valencian standard separate from Catalan?
A minority
How many scholars outside of linguistics agree with the Royal Academy?
clash of opinions
What has produced a great deal of controversy?
2004
When did the EU create the European Constitution?
Spanish government
Who gave the EU translations of the European Constitution?