answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
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different | What kind of vowel processes do other dialects have? |
In Central Catalan | Where do unstressed vowels reduce to three? |
section pronunciation | Where do you find dialectic vowel reductions? |
Catalan sociolinguistics | What field studies the placement of Catalan in the world? |
Catalan sociolinguistics | What is the study of the differenet varieties of Catalan? |
Catalan philology | What is this a subdiscipline of? |
analyse the relation | What does it want to do with the language, the speakers, and reality? |
other languages in contact | What outside affects does this study include? |
uniformity | What do the dialects of Catalan feature? |
other Romance languages | In comparison to what are the dialects uniform? |
intelligibility | What is high among dialects? |
90% to 95% | What is the percentage of intelligibility between dialects? |
Alguerese | What dialect is the exception to intelligibility? |
treatment of unstressed a and e | What is the major difference between the two blocks? |
distinct | How are a and e in western dialects? |
merged | What have a and e done in eastern dialects? |
Northwestern Catalan and Valencian | What two dialects does Western Catalan include? |
four | How many dialects are in the eastern group? |
Eastern block | To what division does Central Catalan belong? |
subdialects | What other divisions can be made of dialects? |
Western Catalan | What block does Northwestern Catalan and Valencian belong to? |
Central Catalan | What comprises the standard pronunciation of Catalan? |
Central Catalan | Where are the most speakers found? |
Barcelona province | In what densely populated area is it spoken? |
eastern half | What part of the province of Tarragona is Central Catalan spoken? |
Vulgar Latin | What is the vowel system of Catalan? |
seven | How many stressed phonemes are there in Catalan? |
Western Romance | Where is this system common? |
Spanish | What language is the exception? |
Dialects | What language form differs in the amount of vowel reduction? |
Eastern Catalan | Where do unstressed vowels reduce to three? |
Majorcan | What is the exception to this reduction? |
/i/ | Which vowel remains distinct? |
Majorcan | In what language do unstressed vowels reduce to four? |
Eastern Catalan | What reduction pattern do some vowels follow? |
Western Catalan | What other pattern do other vowels follow? |
/u/ | What letter remains distinct? |
Western Catalan | /u/ remaining distinct is like what form of Catalan? |
five | What do unstressed vowels reduce to in Western Catalan? |
/a u i/ | Which letters remain distinct? |
Proto-Romance | Where did this pattern come from? |
Italian and Portuguese | In what other languages is this pattern found? |
further reduction | What do other Western dialects sometimes offer? |
Balearic | What form has the same /e/ as Central and Western? |
/e/ | What vowel does Central have a larger occurrence of? |
higher incidence | What is the result of /e/ being the same in Central, Western and Belearic? |
Valencian | What language is parle or tem ? |
Northwestern | What language is parlo or temo ? |
Balearic | What language is parl? |
Northern | What language form is parli? |
nouns and adjectives | Where do you find medieval plurals? |
/n/ | What letter is lost in some words? |
homes | When homens loses /n/, it becomes what word? |
joves | The medieval jovens becomes what what word? |
proparoxytone | What kind of plural words lose /n/? |
word choices | What do the two blocks of Catalan display differences in? |
as an archaism | How can you explain differences in the language groups? |
Central Catalan | What form is innovative? |
Eastern and Western | What are the two blocks of Catalan? |
lexical divergence | What does an archaism explain? |
Eastern Catalan | What is Standard based on? |
Standard Catalan | What form is excepted by most speakers? |
traditional ones | What language forms are not now used in eastern Catalonia? |
jo compre | What is jo compro changed to ? |
many verbal forms | What common Valencian forms are used? |
verbal forms | What forms are also common in the rest of Western Catalan? |
the Balearic Islands | Where is IEC's standard used? |
adapted for the Balearic dialect | How is the standard used there? |
non-ending | What is a first person singular feature of the Balearic standard? |
Alghero | Where has the IEC adapted its standard to the Alguerese dialect? |
lo | What definite article is found rather than el? |
imperfect tense | What is -v- used for? |
Alguerese | What dialect employs many archaic words? |
weak pronouns | What type of pronouns has Alguerese adapted? |
La Franja | Where is the Catalan speaking part of Aragon? |
2011 | When did the government of Aragon degree the establishment of a language regulator? |
Catalan | What language is the regulator meant to standardize? |
La Franja | Where is the language to be regulated located? |
Western dialect | How is Valencian classified? |
northwestern varieties | What kind of Valencan is spoken in Western Catalonia? |
Western Catalonia | Where are the provinces of Lleida and Tarragona? |
Catalan and Valencian | What forms are mutually intelligible? |
90% to 95% | What is the percentage of intelligibility between Catalan and Valencian? |
as the same language | How do linguists view Catalan and Valencian? |
as the same language | How do Valencian scholars view Catalan and Valencian? |
the Valencian Academy of Language | What is the official regulating body of Valencian? |
Valencian Academy of Language | Who says that there is linguistic unity between Catalan and Valencian? |
Valencian parliament | Who established the AVL? |
use of Valencian | Over what does the AVL make rules governing? |
Norms of Castelló | What is the AVL standard based on? |
everyone who writes | Who uses this standard? |
Royal Academy of Valencian Culture | Who is exempt from the standard and uses their own? |
different | What do most Valencian people think Valencian is in regards to Catalan? |
between 2001 and 2004 | When was an opinion poll done concerning Valencian? |
younger generations | Who is less likely to believe that Catalan and Valencian are different? |
Royal Academy of Valencian Culture | Who uses a Valencian standard separate from Catalan? |
A minority | How many scholars outside of linguistics agree with the Royal Academy? |
clash of opinions | What has produced a great deal of controversy? |
2004 | When did the EU create the European Constitution? |
Spanish government | Who gave the EU translations of the European Constitution? |
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