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1836
What year is the earliest reference to 'classical music'?
Oxford English Dictionary
What book holds the earliest reference to 'classical music'?
classical music
What term did not appear until the early 19th century?
golden age
What 'age' is the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Beethoven referred to as?
1836
What year was the earliest reference to classical music?
Oxford English Dictionary
In what book was the earliest reference to classical music?
monks
Who sang Medieval plainchant?
solo piano
Avant-garde atonal compositions were written for what instrument?
use of a printed score and the performance of very complex instrumental works
What two characteristics of classical music can not be attributed to other genres?
the entire classical music period
Through what period did the symphony not exist?
the symphony ensemble
What has become a defining feature of classical music?
the symphony
What did not exist through the entire classical music period?
classical music
The use of a printed score and the performance of very complex instrumental works are characteristics of what?
monks
Who sang medieval plainchant?
live improvisation
J.S. Bach's fugues create a coherent harmonic logic that would be impossible for what other style of music?
rhythm
The score determines how various parts are coordinated, pitch, and what other detail?
written notation
What has allowed Classical musicians to perform music from many centuries ago?
J.S. Bach's
Who's fugues achieve a remarkable marriage of boldly distinctive melodic lines?
perform a historical work
The score does not provide complete and exact instruction on how to do what?
the Baroque era
In what era were many works designed for basso continuo accompaniment?
the human voice
Vibrato and glissando are possible on stringed, brass, woodwind and what other style instrument?
held notes
What are fermatas?
improvisation
Classical music in the 2000s has lost most of its tradition for musical what?
organ performers
In the Baroque era, who would improvise preludes?
instrumental performers
Who would improvise musical ornaments in the Baroque era?
J.S. Bach
Who was noted for his complex improvisations?
his ability to improvise melodies in different styles
What was Mozart noted for?
the mid-19th century
Instrument currently used in most classical music where invented before what period?
The symphony orchestra
What is the most widely known medium for classical music?
brass
A symphony orchestra includes members of the string, woodwind, percussion and what other family of instruments?
a string section
What does a symphony orchestra have that is missing from a concert band?
vocal
What practice has changed a great deal over the classical period?
wood
What was the medieval flute made from?
vielle
What was an early version of the fiddle called?
sackbut
What was an early version of the trombone called?
singly
Medieval instrument in Europe were commonly used how?
bas
Loud, shrill, and outdoor instruments were referred to as 'haut', while quieter, more intimate instruments were referred to as what?
liturgical
What genre was predominately Gregorian chant during the earlier medieval period?
Polyphonic vocal genres
What genre uses multiple independent vocal melodies?
during the high medieval era
When did the Polyphonic vocal genre begin to develop?
monophonic
What word means using a single unaccompanied vocal melody line?
the Renaissance
Many instruments originated during what era?
authentic instruments
What has disappeared, then been recreated in order to perform music of the period?
percussion
Modern day instrument may be classified as brass, string, woodwind and what other classification?
the Renaissance
Brass instruments were traditionally played by profession guild members during what era?
the hurdy-gurdy
Stringed instruments during the Renaissance included the viol, the lyre, the cittern, the lute and what other instrument?
Keyboard instruments with strings
The virginal is what type of instrument?
Percussion
The tambourine, bells and rumble-pot are all what type of instrument?
Woodwind
The reed pipe and recorder are what type of instrument?
polyphonic style
Vocal music in the Renaissance is noted for an increasingly elaborate what?
masses
What liturgical form besides motets endured throughout the entire Renaissance period?
opera
Monody, the madrigal comedy, and intermedio are all precursors to what?
Baroque
The cello, contrabrass and fortepiano were new instruments during what period?
fell into disuse
What happened to the shawn and the wooden cornet during the Baroque period?
Percussion
The timpani ans castanets are what type of instrument?
Brass
The serpent is what type of instrument?
theorbo
Which string instrument often played the basso continuo parts?
the types of instruments used in ensembles
What was less standardized during the Baroque era?
a classical era string quartet
Two violins, a viola, and a cello make up what type of group?
clavichord
Keyboard instruments included the pip organ, harpsichord and what other instrument?
a lute
What is an example of a stringed chordal instrument during the Baroque period?
Haydn
From the 1750's to the early 1830's is the era of Mozart and what other composer?
the early 1830s
Classical music can mean all Western art music or more specifically from the 1750's to when?
the Medieval era
The broad meaning of classical music stretches back from today to what era?
Baroque
Classical musicians continued to use many instruments from what era?
rackett
The theorbo and what other Baroque instrument fell into disuse?
the violin
The Baroque violin became what modern instrument?
the regular valved trumpet
What did the Baroque trumpet become?
viola
The violin, cello, contrabass and what other instrument form the string section of the orchestra?
Woodwinds
The flute, oboe and bassoon are all what type of instrument?
the harpsichord
What instrument fell out of use after the 1760s?
the ophicleide
What instrument was the precursor of the tuba?
Beethoven
To whom is the "standard complement" attributed to?
Symphony No. 5
PIccolo, contrabassoon, and trombones add to the triumphal finales of what piece by Beethoven?
several decades
How long was symphonic instrumentation faithful to Beethoven's after he died?
timbral "palette"
What did Beethoven expand in his Symphonies, 3, 5, 6 and 9?
sunshine
A Piccolo and trombones provides the illusion of storm and what in Beethoven's Sixth Symphony?
fortepiano
What instrument did the modern piano take over for in the Romantic era?
two
How many double bass players were typically used in the Baroque orchestra?
the standard orchestral palette
What wasn't rich enough for many Romantic composers?
sound
Classical sections were expanded in the Romantic era for a fuller and bigger what?
a bell-like keyboard instrument
What is a celestes?
the late 19th century
When do saxophones first appear in scores?
Symphonic Dances
Saxophone was featured as a solo instrument in what Sergei Rachmaninoff piece?
as a member of the orchestral ensemble
How is the saxophone features in Ravel's Bolero?
"tenor tuba"
The euphonium usually played parts marked as what?
Gustav Holst
Who wrote The Planets?
The Wagner tuba
What is the name of the modified member of the horn family appearing in several works by Strauss?
Symphony No. 7 in E Major
Which symphony of Anton Bruckner's does the Wagner tuba have a prominent role in?
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Who wrote the ballet Swan Lake?
freelance musicians
What will orchestras use to augment their regular rosters?
La Mer
What Debussy piece features a cornet?
Electric
What type of instrument appears occasionally in the 20th and 21st century styles of classical music?
popular
What type of musicians besides classical have experimented with electronic instruments?
electronic
What type of instrument is the gamelan?
early classical music,
In what did the bagpipe fill an important role?
the acoustic guitar
What instrument gained prominence in the 19th and 20th century?
popular
Vihuelas and hurdy-gurdies are currently associated with what type of music?
equal temperament
What type of temperament became accepted during the 18th century?
the 18th century
When did equal temperament become accepted as the dominant musical temperament?