answer
stringlengths
1
239
question
stringlengths
1
25.7k
Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians
East Slavic people consist of which nationalities?
Serbs, Bulgarians, Croats, Bosniaks, Macedonians, Slovenes, and Montenegrins
South Slavic people consist of which nationalities?
North Slavs
West and East Slavs are sometimes combined into a single group called what?
Proto-Slavic
*Slověninъ, plural *Slověne, is the Slavic autonym reconstructed in what?
Old Church Slavonic
Old 9th century documents describing Slavs were written in what language?
Procopius
Who wrote about the Slavs in Byzantine Greek in the 6th century?
Latin
Procopius' contemporary Jordanes referred to the Slavs in what language?
slovo
What slavic word denotes "people who speak the same language?"
němci
What slavic word denotes "foreign people?"
Roman Jakobson
Who considered *Slověninъ do be a derivation from slovo?
*ḱlew
Slovo, slava, and slukh all originate from what Proto-Indo-European root?
Pericles
The Ancient Greek κλῆς (klês - "famous") helped create what famous name?
he word slovo ("word") and the related slava ("fame") and slukh ("hearing")
What three words originated from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱlew- ("be spoken of, fame")?
sclave
The word Slav could be derived from what Middle English word?
Sklavinoi
The origin of what Byzantine term is disputed?
misunderstanding of the Slavic autonym
The Byzantine Greek σκλάβος sklábos "slave," which was in turn apparently derived from what?
medieval Arab historiographers
The Byzantine term Sklavinoi was loaned into Arabic as Saqaliba by who?
Lozinski
Who argues that the word *slava once had the meaning of worshipper?
S.B. Bernstein
Who speculates that *slava derives from a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *(s)lawos?
a man from a certain place
The suffix -enin indicates what?
Henrich Bartek
Who argued that the Old East Slavic Slavuta for the Dnieper River was derived from slova?
River Danube
The earliest mentions of Slavic raids are across what river?
Slavic raids
The earliest mentions of what may be dated to the first half of the 6th century?
c. 600 AD
No archaeological evidence of a Slavic settlement in the Balkans could be securely dated before when?
the Balkans
There is no evidence of a Slavic settlement where before c. 600 AD?
in the early 6th century
The Slavs make their first appearance in Byzantine records when?
the Antes and the Sclaveni
The Slavs were under what name in the early 6th century?
the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea
According to Byzantine historiographers, tribes of Slavs emerged from what areas?
the Danubian provinces
Tribes of Slavs were invading what provinces of the Eastern Empire?
under Justinian I
Under whose reign did Byzantine historiographers describe Slavic tribes?
Procopius
Who wrote in 545 that "the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times."?
545
When did Procopius write that "the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times."?
Spori
Procopius said Sclaveni and Antae were both called what?
their social structure and beliefs
What does Procopius describe in his writings of the Sclaveni and Antae?
the Sclaveni and the Antae
Who did Procopius write about in 545?
Jordanes
Who tells us that the Sclaveni had swamps and forests for their cities?
the Sclaveni
Who had swamps and forests for their cities?
among nearly impenetrable forests, rivers, lakes, and marshes
A 6th-century source refers to the Sclaveni as living where?
Menander Protector
Who mentions a Daurentius (577–579) that slew an Avar envoy of Khagan Bayan I?
Daurentius
Who slew an envoy of Khagan Bayan I?
the Avars
The Slavs were asked to accept the suzerainty of whom?
Daurentius
Who said, "Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs – so it shall always be for us."?
Khagan Bayan I
Whose envoy was slaughtered by Daurentius?
the Veneti
An uncertain relationship was held between the Slavs and who?
east of the River Vistula
The Veneti tribe was located where?
Veneti
What name may refer both to Balts and Slavs?
in the Roman period
When was the relationship between the Slavs and Veneti uncertain?
multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia
Slavic-speaking tribes were part of what prior to becoming known to the Roman world?
the Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic empires
What were some of the multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia?
Germans
Who started the great migration of the Slavs?
Iberia and north Africa
Some Slavs migrated with the movement of the Vandals to where?
the Huns and their allies
Who were the Germanic tribes fleeing?
Around the 6th century
When did Slavs appear on Byzantine borders?
Byzantine borders
The Slavs appeared on whose borders around the 6th century?
Peloponnese and Asia Minor
Where else reported Slavic settlements?
the Eastern Alps
Where had the Slavs settled by the end of the 6th century?
By the end of the 6th century
When had the Slavs settled the Eastern Alps?
the first rudiments of state organizations
What appeared among the Slavs when their migratory movements ended?
When their migratory movements ended
When did the first rudiments of state organizations appear among the Slavs?
a prince with a treasury and a defense force
Early state organizations where headed by what?
the Frankish/ Holy Roman Emperors or the Byzantine Emperors
Noble Slavs pledged allegiance to whom?
the 7th century
When did Samo become the ruler of the first known Slav state?
Samo
What Frankish merchant was the ruler of the first Slav state in Central Europe?
Carantania
What is the oldest Slav state in Central Europe?
681
When was the first Bulgarian Empire founded?
Slavic literacy and Christianity
Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of what to the rest of the Slavic world?
the Russian Empire, Serbia and Montenegro
What three free Slavic states were in the world as of 1878?
1878
When were the Russian Empire, Serbia, and Montenegro the only free Slavic states in the world?
Bulgaria
Whose official independence was declared in 1908?
In 1918
When were independent states as Czechoslovakia, the Second Polish Republic, and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs established?
Hitler's
Whose plan for the East entailed killing, deporting, or enslaving the Slavs?
The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost
What would have led to the starvation of 80 million people in the Soviet Union?
19.3 million civilians
The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost resulted in the death and imprisonment of how many people?
Lebensraum
What is the German word for living space?
succession of wars, famines and other disasters
The first half of the 20th century was marked by what in Russia and the Soviet Union?
Stephen J. Lee
Who estimated the Russian population was 90 million fewer than it could have been in 1945?
1945
When was the Russian population estimated to be about 90 million fewer than it could have been?
Russia and the Soviet Union
What was marked by succession of wars, famines, and other disasters in the 20th century?
In the 19th century
When did Pan-Slavism develop as a movement?
Russian Empire
Pan-Slavism became compromised when what empire started to use it as an ideology justifying its territorial conquests?
Pan-Slavism
The Russian Empire used what as justification for its territorial conquests?
Yugoslavia
What notable political union of the 20th century covered most South Slavs?
1990s
When did Yugoslavia break apart?
1939–1945
When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic?
1943–1992
When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of Yugoslavia?
1992–2003
When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?
2003–2006
When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of Serbia and Montenegro?
the Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR
Many Slavic populations that were part of the Warsaw Pact are originally from where?
Russians
What is the largest Slavic minority?
Kazakhstan
Where is the largest Slavic minority located?
Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles
What other Slavic minorities are in Kazakhstan?
Pan-Slavism
What movement came into prominence in the mid-19th century that emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples?
the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice
Where was the main focus of Pan-Slavism?
The Russian Empire
Who used Pan-Slavism as a political tool?
between 1945 and 1948
When did the Soviet Union gain political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations?
until the period 1989–1991
How long did the Soviet Union retain a hegemonic role?
Slavic studies
What began as an almost exclusively linguistic and philological enterprise?
As early as 1833
When were Slavic languages recognized as Indo-European?
Slavic languages
What languages were recognized as Indo-European?
Indo-European
In 1833, Slavic languages were recognized as what?