answer stringlengths 1 239 ⌀ | question stringlengths 1 25.7k |
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ponai | What were the nobles named in lithuanian? |
kunigai' or 'kunigaikščiai' | What were the higher nobility named? |
King of Lithuania. | The kunigai were subordinate to who? |
бояре | What word is used to denominate nobility? |
Polish szlachta | What other group had equal status with the lithuanian nobility? |
polonized | What did the polish szlachta become more of? |
they were of Roman extraction | What did some lithuanian nobility claim that caused a paradox? |
šlėkta | What is the new term used for the lithuanian nobility? |
Lithuanian linguists | Who forbid the use of the word slekta? |
the highest members of the nobility | WHo was first invloved in the polonization? |
Russian Empire | Who imposed various sanction on the people? |
removing Lithuania from the names of the Gubernyas | What was an example of imposing sanctions on lithuanians? |
"Lithuanians are Russians seduced by Poles and Catholicism" | What did the russian officials announce as a sanction? |
Lithuanian language. | What language was banned from printing on books? |
Grand Duchy of Lithuania | What group did the Nobility of Ruthenia gravitate its loyalty towards? |
multicultural and multilingual | What type of people were the Grand Duchy of Lithuania? |
principalities of Halych and Volhynia | What eventually became a part of the grand duchy of lithuania? |
intermarried | What was common for families of ruthenian and lithuanian? |
Polish and Lithuanian nobility | What other rights were equal to orthodox nobles? |
convert to Catholicism | What social pressure was pressing down the people? |
Union of Brest | What greatly eased the cultural pressure towards Catholicism. |
1596 | What year was the union of brest |
by monarch | Before 1641 the privileged ennoblement was granted by what? |
ennoblement | What right was reversed by sijm? |
undifferentiated coat of arms | What would be given to the enobled one? |
sejm | After 1641 who was given the privilege of ennoblement? |
szlachta clan | What clan was given the privileged of enoblement? |
between the 14th century and the mid-18th century, | Around what time was the total legal number of ennoblement at 800? |
two ennoblements per year | What is average for ennoblements between 14th and min 18th century. |
heraldic sources | What type of sources give information regarding total number of enablements? |
1,600 | What was the toalt number of legal ennoblements thoughout history of poland and polish commonwealth |
14th century onward | When did theys tart recording the ennoblements? |
final years of the late 18th century | When were most ennoblements implemented? |
Vytautas the Great | WHo reformed the grand duchy army? |
bajorai | vytautas created what for compromising professional warriors? |
Lithuanian pagan given names of their ennobled ancestors | What names did the newly formed noble families take afteR? |
Goštautai, | What is an example of noble family name? |
Union of Horodlo | Who gave the coat of arms to others? |
Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries | Who defined the significant legislative changes? |
1374 exemption from the land tax, | What is one exemption was part of the significant changes in legislation? |
requirement that military forces and new taxes be approved by provincial Sejms | What did the 1425 requirement entail? |
rights of commoners | What were the statutes issued between 1496 and 1611 prescribed from? |
service to the state | What was a rarest rare to become a noble? |
really usurpers, being commoners, | Many nobles were actually surprisingly acting in what way? |
Hieronim Nekanda Trepka | Who denounced many nobles? |
first half of the 16th century | When did the denouncing of many nobles take place? |
owning nobility-estates and promised the estate to the denouncer | What did the nobles lose by being denounced? |
many rights | THe polish nobility had many positives compared to others including what? |
Poland | What was the nobilities commonwealth? |
not of the king or the ruling dynasty | WHo elected the king? |
the extinction of the male-line descendants of the old royal dynasty | WHy did the state affairs partly grow up on? |
dynasty's female-line descendants. | The selection of nobility oh the polish kingdom was selected my whom? |
at the time of their election to the throne | When did kings grant privileges to the nobles? |
king-elect's Pacta conventa | What specified the kings privileges? |
ad hoc permission to raise an extraordinary tax | What was also in exchange during he election of the throne? |
privileges | What did nobles get in from the king during election? |
1355 | When did buda king casimir issue the heir to his nephew? |
Buda King Casimir III the Great | who issied the first country wide privilege for the nobility? |
Louis I of Hungary | WHo is the nephew of buda king casimer III the great? |
the nobility would no longer be subject to 'extraordinary' taxes | What was promised by Buda King Casimer? |
the king and the court | WHo would pay for expenses during travels or the royal courts? |
1374 | When did King Louis of Hungary approve the privilege of Koszyce? |
in order to guarantee the Polish throne for his daughter Jadwiga | WHy did King louis approve the privilege? |
exempted the entire class from all but one tax | What did king louis of hungary do for the nobles? |
abolished | WHat happened to the kings right to raise taxes? |
King to pay indemnities | What could the king do to nobles injured or taken during war? |
King Władysław II Jagiełło | Who establishd the inviolability of nobles property? |
1422 | When did the established right for inviolability of nobles property? |
ceded | What happened to the right to mint coinage? |
at Kraków in 1433 | Where did the confirmation of privileges of Jedlnia take place? |
Brześć Kujawski privilege | WHat was the privileges of jedlnia based mostly off of? |
nobility a guarantee against arbitrary arrest | What was simliar to the english magna cartas habeas corpus? |
warrant from a court of justice | What does a court need to imprison a member of the nobility? |
King Władysław's quid pro quo for this boon | What was the nobles guarantee that his throne would be inherited by his sons? |
1454 | When were the Nieszawa statutes granted? |
the legal basis of voivodship sejmiks | What did the Nieszawa statues clarify? |
judicial abuses | THe nobility was protected from what? |
magnates | Whos power was curbed? |
their participation in the Thirteen Years' War. | Why did the szlachta demand privileges? |
1492 | When did the first free election take place? |
no restrictions on the choice of candidates. | What was different about later elections then first free election? |
senators | Who only voted in the election of 1492? |
John I Albert | Who won the election of 1492? |
Jagiellonian Dynasty | What dynasty was in reign during the election of 1492? |
King John I Albert | Who granted the privilege of Piotrkow? |
On April 26, 1496 | Privilege of Piotrkow was granted when? |
increasing | WHat happened to the nobilities feudal power? |
one son (not the eldest) | Who was allowed to leave the village? |
owning land | What were the townsfolk prohibited from doing? |
23 October 1501 | When did the Mielnik Polish–Lithuanian union reform? |
Union of Mielnik | Where was the Mielnik Polish–Lithuanian union refromed? |
Union of Mielnik | Where was the coronation Sejm founded? |
more to strengthen the magnate dominated Senate of Poland then the lesser nobility | What did the actof of milno do? |
disobey the King or his representatives | What right was given to the nobles? |
3 May 1505 | When did the Act of "Nihil novi nisi commune consensu" happen? |
King Alexander I Jagiellon | Who granted the act Act of "Nihil novi nisi commune consensu"? |
forbade the king to pass any new law without the consent of the representatives of the nobility | What did The Act of "Nihil novi nisi commune consensu" Do |
greatly strengthened | What happened to the notabilities political position? |
legislative power from the king to the Sejm. | What has happened to the legislative power? |
"executionist movement | What was the movement called also known as execution of laws? |
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