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seek to curb the power of the magnates at the Sejm and to strengthen the power of king and country | What were the intentions of executionists movement? |
return many leased crown lands to the king, | what did the Sejm in Piotrków forced the magnates to do? |
1605 | WHen did Jan Zamoyski. die? |
movement lost its political force. | What happened when Jan Zamoyski died? |
Sigismund II Augustus | Who was the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty? |
monarchs could be elected from within only the royal family | What stopped after the death of Sigismund II Augustus? |
any Polish noble or foreigner of royal blood | After 1573 who could become a polish-lithuanian monarch? |
two documents | How many documents should the new elected king sign? |
basic laws of the Commonwealth | What was contained in the Henrican articles and the Pacta conventa? |
1578 | The crown tribunal was created when? |
king Stefan Batory | Who created the crown tribunal? |
reduce the enormous pressure on the Royal Court | What was the crown tribunal supposed to do? |
the nobility class | Where was a lot of power placed in result of the crown tribunal? |
Lithuanian Tribunal | WHo joined the crown tribunal eventually? |
gain legal privileges over their peers | What did powerful leaders of szlachta sought? |
Few szlachta were wealthy enough to be known as magnates | What were most szlachtas class? |
Crimsons | What is another name for magnates? |
own at least 20 villages or estates. | A proper magnates own what? |
magnates | Who is properly in the major office in the commonwealth? |
1% | Historians estimate how much of magnates make up szlachta? |
200–300 | Out of one million szlachtas how many were magnates? |
30–40 | Out of one million how many people could be viewed with significant impact politically? |
monarchs | Magnates recieved gifts often from who? |
Magnates | What significantly increased the magnates wealth? |
temporary leases | What terms were these gifts given? |
never returned | What did the magnates do eventually with the gifts? |
magnates | The right to create ordynacja's was important to what group? |
late 16th century | When did the right to create ordynacja's happen? |
ensured that a family which gained wealth and power could more easily preserve this | What did the right to create ordynacja's entail? |
often rivalled | What did the powerful families do with the kings estates? |
estates of the king | What was an important power basis for the magnates? |
1795 | When did the sovereignty of szlachta end? |
Partitions of Poland | Who ended the sovereignty of szlachta? |
szlachta | UNtil 1918 whos legal status was dependent on the russian empiresovereignty of szlachta? |
Nicholas I | Who redused 64,000 szlachta to commoner status? |
62.8% | IN 1858 who was szlachta out of all the russian nobles? |
Russian Poland on February 19, 1864 | When and who abolished the serfdom? |
only sell land to other peasants, not szlachta | Who could the ex serfs sell their land to? |
48.9% | How much land was held by the peasants? |
European countries the nobility lost power as the ruler strove for absolute monarchy | What was different between the polish nobility and others? |
actually gained power | What happened to nobility at expense of the king? |
oligarchy | What did the political system eventually evolve into? |
absolute monarchy | What did the ruler strive for? |
10–12% | How much of the total population was polish common wealth? |
8% | IN 1791 how much did the szalchta comprimise the total population? |
most local nobility from the areas that were absorbed by Poland–Lithuania | Polish szlachta usually incorporated who? |
1–3% | How many nobilities made up other European countries besides poland lithuania? |
March Constitution of Poland | What dissolved the priveleges of Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia or Habsburg Monarchy? |
closed class | What class was polands nobility? |
Many low-born individuals | Who could rise into polish ennoblement? |
enormous influence | How much influence did each szlachcic have over politics? |
any nobleman | WHo could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm? |
liberum veto | What is is called to nullify proceedings? |
noble mother and father | Children inherited polish nobility from whom? |
special services to the state | What does an individual do to attain ennoblement? |
Polish king | WHo could naturalize a polish noble? |
nobilitacja | What is another name for ennoblement? |
indygenat | WHat is another name for polish noble? |
equals | In theory how were all polish noblemen viewed? |
not hereditary | Was was unique about the dignities? |
ritual | If one is high in dignities they are also high in what other form? |
other lords were only peers "de iure" | Nobles held land form whom? |
any nobility that owned lands | Who could compose the polish landed gentry? |
(ziemianie or ziemiaństwo | whats is another name for polish landed gentry? |
no | Did all hold title of nobility? |
Coats of arms | What was very important to the polish nobility? |
heraldic system | What kind of system was the coats of arms? |
differing in many ways | how did the polish nobility system compare to other heraldy countries? |
Moravia (i.e. Poraj) and Germany | Where did polish knightshood originate? |
minorities would be given the noble title | What is the most notable difference between countries? |
most families sharing origin | Coat of arms would be shared with who else? |
on the basis of similarity of arms | How would unrelated families be attributed to the clan? |
low and did not exceed 200 | Did number of cat of arms in the late middle ages fall? |
brisure | What was rarely used? |
Poland | Where did the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women not develoupe? |
their fathers | Where did men get their coat of arms usually? |
Sarmatism | What was the prevalent mentality and ideology called? |
powerful ancient nation of Sarmatians | Where did the name sarmatism originate? |
served to integrate the multi-ethnic nobility | How did sarmatism effect szlachta culture? |
peace and pacifism | What was also pushed for by result of sarmatism? |
Polish and Latin | What languages were freely mixed? |
Roman Catholic or Orthodox | What two religions were most common? |
Muslims | What was the minority group in the polish nobility? |
ennoblement | What was rewarding for switching judiasm to christianity? |
the nobility became almost exclusively Catholic | What happened after the roman catholic church regained power in Poland? |
Jews | What was the smallest amount of religion in the noble? |
Augustan | During which period was Vigil a poet? |
three | How many major works of literature is Virgil known for? |
Aeneid | Which major Latin epic is Virgil known for? |
Publius Vergilius Maro | What is Virgil's full name? |
Appendix Vergiliana | Which collection of minor poems are sometimes attributed to Virgil? |
Aeneid | Which of Virgil's works is considered the national epic of ancient Rome? |
Iliad and Odyssey | Which works did Virgil model the Aeneid after? |
Aeneas | Who is the main character in the Aeneid? |
fulfill his destiny and arrive on the shores of Italy | What was Aeneas trying to accomplish in the Aeneid? |
Virgil | Who appears as Dante's guide through hell and purgatory in the Divine Comedy? |
Varius | Who was Virgil's editor? |
Servius and Donatus | Whose two commentaries were incorporated into Virgil's biography by Suetonius? |
inferences made from his poetry and allegorizing | What do the comentaries rely on for some of their information about Virgil? |
problematic | Is Virgil's biographical tradition easily researched or is it problematic? |
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