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Yuezhi tribes
What tribes took control of the region in first centry CE?
in the early eighth century
When was Islam brought to the region?
Hephthalite Empire,
What empire brought Islam practices with them?
Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism
What religions were practiced in the region from first centry CE to 4th centry CE?
an average rate of 9.6%
What was the rate that the GDP expanded?
aluminium production, cotton growing and remittances from migrant workers
What is the primary source of income in Tajikistan?
60%
What accounts for 60% of the agricultural output?
Tajik Aluminum Company
What is the name of the state owned company that produces aluminium?
the government
Who is trying to attract investments for hydropower in Tajikistan?
hydropower potential
What is something that the rivers in Tajikistan are good for?
Nurek Dam
What is the highest dam in the world?
CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan
What will the project named CASA 1000 do?
US$1.25 per day
What is the average amount lived on per day?
estimated $2.1 billion US dollars
What was the total for the remittances from Tajik migrans?
by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor
How did Tajikistan change their economy?
remittances
What has been one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth?
opium poppy
What is raised locally for the domestic market?
with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities
What all has helped with the fight against drugs?
heroin and raw opium confiscations
Tajikistan is thrid in the world for what type of confiscations?
strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency
What is UNODC helping Tajikistan with to help the war on drugs?
via roads, air, and rail.
What are the majority of transportation options?
Iran and Pakistan
What countries had Tajikistan been working with to use ports?
Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan
What countries did Tajikistan agree with to build a highway and a rail way?
2012
What year was the agreement signed?
26 airports
How many airports does Tajikistan have?
Dushanbe International Airport
What is the country's main airport?
Russia
Where are the international flights maining going to?
Khorog Airport
What is the name of the airport in the eastern half of the country?
7,349,145
What is Tajikistans population as of July 2009?
70%
What percent of the population is under 30 years old?
35%
What percent of the population are between 14 to 30 years old?
Tajik
What lanuage do the people of Tajikistan speak?
Tajikistanis
What are the citizens of Tajikistan called?
The Pamiri people
What people live in the southeast area of the country?
distinct linguistically and culturally
How are they different than most Tajiks?
Pamir Mountains
What mountians do the Pamiri people call home?
Sunni Islam of the Hanafi
What school has been recognized by the government?
a secular state with a Constitution providing for freedom of religion
What kind of state does Tajikistan see itself as?
Id Al-Fitr and Idi Qurbon
What are the two national Islamic holidays?
98%
What percent of the population is muslim?
minority religious groups undermine national unity
What type of religions concerns are there?
a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere
What concerns for the religions institutions are there?
Hizb ut-Tahrir
What is the name of the militant Islamic party in Tajikistan?
aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state
What does the Hizb ut-Tahrir aim for?
State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities
What do religions communities have to register with?
a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location
What does the SCRA require?
a physical structure
What do you have to have to gather for public prayer?
can result in large fines and closure of place of worship
What can happen if you do not register?
, the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies
What is wrong with the health care system in Tajikistan?
104,272
How many disabled people are registered in Tajikistan?
1%
What percent of the GDP was spent on health?
World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
What was the name of the paper that the World Bank and Tajikistan came up with?
11 years of primary and secondary education
How many years of school are there in the Tajikistan school system?
a 12-year system
What do they want to impliment in 2016?
Khujand State University
What is the name of one of the tertiary education institutions?
17%
What is the percent of tertiary education enrollment?
humans and their societies
What is anthropology a study of?
social
What type of anthropology describes the workings of societies around the world?
linguistic anthropology
What investigates the influence of language in social life?
physical
What subdivision of anthropology concerns itself with the long-term development of the human organism?
United States
Where is Archaeology considered a branch of anthropology?
1870
Vienna created it's society in what year?
1869
When was the Berlin Society of Anthropology founded by Rudolph Virchow?
1902
When was the American Anthropological Association founded?
1865
When did Madrid get it's own anthropological society?
empirical foundation
What did Virchow feel Darwin's conclusions lacked?
anthropological societies
What proliferated in the last three decades of the 19th century?
international
What did all the anthropological societies allow their membership to be?
The major theorists
Who belonged to these proliferating organizations?
48
How many educational institutions had some curriculum in anthropology by 1898?
13
How many countries were the institutions teaching anthropology located in?
late 19th and early 20th centuries
When did Bronislaw Malinoswki and Franz Boas do their relevant work?
gender equality and sexual liberation
What did Margaret Mead advocate for?
cross-cultural comparisons
What has cultural anthropology distinguished itself from other social sciences by emphasizing?
19th-century racial ideology
What did Boas' argue against?
cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques
What has cultural anthropology specifically emphasized?
humanities, social, and natural sciences
What fields are forced to confront one another in anthropology?
Anthropology
What builds upon natural and social sciences?
global
What type of discipline is anthropology?
Greece and Persia
Where did early anthropology originate?
cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies
What interdisciplinary fields has anthropology been central in the development of?
structuralist and postmodern theories
What has sociocultural anthropology been heavily influenced by?
During the 1970s and 1990s
When was there an epistemological shift away from positivist traditions in anthropology?
nature and production of knowledge
What questions came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology?
archaeology and biological anthropology
What two fields remained largely positivist?
cohesion
What have the four sub-fields of anthropology lacked over the last several decades?
Sociocultural anthropology
What draws together the axes of cultural and social anthropology?
social
Which type of anthropology studies relationships among persons and groups?
social structures,
What does social anthropology help develop an understanding of?
hard-and-fast
What kind of distinction is lacking between social and cultural anthropology?
Cultural anthropology
What studies the way people make sense of the world around them?
cultural relativism
What is the attempt to understand other societies on their own terms?
Ethnography
What can refer to both a methodology and the product of ethnographic research?
Participant observation
What is one of the foundational methods of social anthropology?
emic
What is a needlessly complicated word which means "conceptual"?
reductionism in cross-cultural comparison
What does accepting other cultures in their own terms moderate?
Sociocultural
Why type of anthropology is the study of social organization a central focus of?
consumption and exchange
What patterns does sociocultural anthropology get up in the morning to learn about?
kinship
What is a human universal?
language
What is the object of study for linguistic anthropology?