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1,800 | Hurricane Ignacio threatened Hawaii during July 1985 . A tropical depression formed on July 21 far from land . It became Tropical Storm Ignacio later that day . Ignacio then rapidly intensified and peaked with 130 mph ( 215 km h ) winds on July 24 . Ignacio weakened quickly , though it briefly leveled off in intensity as a Category 2 hurricane . Ignacio was downgraded into a tropical storm on July 26 while passing south of Hawaii . Continuing to weaken , Ignacio dissipated on July 27 . A hurricane watch was briefly issued for the Hawaiian Islands even though the watch was dropped when Ignacio weakened . However , Ignacio still brought high waves and light rainfall to the islands . A few roads were closed , but otherwise , damage was minimal . Meteorological history Based on data from the ships unk and unk and satellite imagery , the next tropical cyclone of 1985 was spotted early on July 21 while located 1 , 623 mi ( 2 , 612 km ) southwest of San Diego . Situated over 81 F ( 27 C ) sea surface temperatures , the depression attained tropical storm intensity a few hours later . Intensifying further west than normal , the storm reached winds of 70 mph ( 140 km h ) roughly 24 hours after formation . Nine hours later , the Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center dropped advisories on Ignacio as it had left their area of responsibility and into the Central Pacific Hurricane Center 's ( CPHC ) warning zone . A Hurricane Hunter aircraft investigated Ignacio at daybreak on July 22 , and found that Ignacio had developed a well defined eye and winds of 85 mph ( 165 km h ) . Based on this , the CPHC upgraded Ignacio to hurricane status . Continuing to rapidly intensify , Hurricane Ignacio moved west northwest at 10 mph ( 16 km h ) and was soon upgraded into Category 2 status on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale ( SSHS ) . Several hours later , the hurricane attained major hurricane status , Category 3 or higher on the SSHS . Later that day , a Hurricane Hunter aircraft discovered that Hurricane Ignacio had reached its peak wind speed of 130 mph ( 210 km h ) and a central pressure of 960 mbar ( 28 inHg ) , making Ignacio one of the most intense hurricane to traverse the Central Pacific . The hurricane held peak intensity for several hours , however , an upper trough northwest of the Hawaiian Islands was gradually approaching Ignacio . Subsequently , the environment was rapidly becoming less conductive as the trough induced increased southwesterly wind shear and introduced colder and drier air into Ignacio 's circulation . By 1800 UTC July 24 , Ignacio was no longer a major hurricane as satellite imagery suggested that the eye had become irregular and soon disappeared . Air Force aircraft confirmed the weakening trend despite being located in an area where other hurricanes such as Hurricane Dot in 1959 and Hurricane Fico in 1978 maintained their intensity around the same time of the year . Minor re intensification may have occurred the next day as the eye re developed , however , this theory is not supported in the hurricane database . The hurricane resumed its westerly course , and Hurricane Ignacio was downgraded a Category 1 hurricane at 1800 UTC on July 25 , and a tropical storm the next day . While passing south of Hawaii , Ignacio dropped to tropical depression status early on July 27 , and dissipated shortly after that . Preparations and impact Because of a strong trough was located northwest of Ignacio , many tropical cyclone forecast models predicted a more northerly track than what ultimately occurred . By July 24 , a high surf advisory was in effect for east facing shores of Hawaii subsequently , a hurricane watch was issued at 0300 UTC July 25 for the Big Island of Hawaii Because the island chain only recently recovered from the devastating Hurricane Iwa during the 1982 Pacific hurricane season , civil defense authorities evacuated low lying residents . One drugstore opened a special hurricane supplies center . In addition , beach activities on south facing shores were cancelled . Roughly 24 hours after the hurricane watch was issued , the watch was cancelled as Ignacio resumed weakening though a small craft advisory initially remained in effect for the Hawaiian Islands . Ignacio resulted in 10 ft ( 3 . 0 m ) to 15 ft ( 4 . 6 m ) surf , peaking midday on July 25 . Rainfall from the storm was generally light , with a few reports exceeding 2 in ( 51 mm ) on the windward slopes of Maui and the Big Island . Some structures and roads near Kalapana and unk were damaged . Many secondary roads that led to the beaches were closed . Picnic areas and nature trails in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park were closed and overnight camping throughout the state was banned .
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1,801 | The French ironclad Colbert was the lead ship of the Colbert class ironclads that were built for the French Navy in the 1870s . The ship was the flagship of the Mediterranean Squadron for most of her career . She took part in the French conquest of Tunisia , notably shelling and landing troops in Sfax on 15 16 July 1881 . Colbert was paid off in 1895 and condemned in 1900 . The ship was finally sold for scrap in 1909 . Design and description The Colbert class ships were designed by Constructor Sabattier as improved versions of the ironclad Richelieu . As a central battery ironclad , Colbert had her armament concentrated amidships . Like most ironclads of her era she was equipped with a plough shaped ram . Her crew numbered 774 officers and men . The metacentric height of the ship was low , a little above 2 feet ( 0 . 6 m ) . The ship measured 101 . 1 meters ( 331 ft 8 in ) overall , with a beam of 17 . 4 meters ( 57 ft 1 in ) . Colbert had a maximum draft of 8 . 5 meters ( 27 ft 11 in ) and displaced 8 , 617 metric tons ( 8 , 481 long tons ) . Propulsion Colbert reverted to a single propeller shaft to improve her sailing qualities . She had one Wolf 3 cylinder horizontal return connecting rod compound steam engine . The engine was powered by eight oval boilers and was designed for a capacity of 4 , 600 indicated horsepower ( 3 , 400 kW ) . On sea trials the engine produced 4 , 652 indicated horsepower ( 3 , 469 kW ) and Colbert reached 14 . 75 knots ( 27 . 32 km h 16 . 97 mph ) . She carried a maximum of 620 metric tons ( 610 long tons ) of coal which allowed her to steam for approximately 3 , 300 nautical miles ( 6 , 100 km 3 , 800 mi ) at a speed of 10 knots ( 19 km h 12 mph ) . Colbert was ship rigged with three masts and had a sail area around 2 , 100 square meters ( 23 , 000 sq ft ) . Armament Colbert had two 274 millimeter ( 10 . 8 in ) guns mounted in barbettes on the upper deck , one gun at the forward corners of the battery , with six additional guns on the battery deck below the barbettes . The side of the upper deck were cut away to improve the ability of the barbette guns to bear fore and aft . One 240 millimeter ( 9 . 4 in ) was mounted in the forecastle as a chase gun . The ship 's secondary armament consisted of six 138 millimeter ( 5 . 4 in ) guns , four forward of the battery and two aft . These latter two guns were replaced in 1878 by another 240 millimeter gun as a stern chaser . The ship also mounted four above water 356 millimeter ( 14 . 0 in ) torpedo tubes . All of the ship 's guns could fire both solid shot and explosive shells . The 274 millimeter Modle 1870 gun was credited with the ability to penetrate a maximum of 14 . 3 inches ( 360 mm ) of wrought iron armor while the 240 millmeter Modle 1870 gun could penetrate 14 . 4 inches ( 366 mm ) of armor . At some point the ship received fourteen to eighteen 37 millimeter ( 1 . 5 in ) Hotchkiss 5 barrel revolving guns . The gun had a range of about 3 , 200 meters ( 3 , 500 yd ) and a rate of fire of about 30 rounds per minute . Armor The Colbert class ships had a complete wrought iron waterline belt that was 220 millimeters ( 8 . 7 in ) thick amidships and tapered to 180 millimeters ( 7 . 1 in ) at the stern . It was backed by 89 millimeters ( 3 . 5 in ) of wood . The sides of the battery itself were armored with 160 millimeters ( 6 . 3 in ) of wrought iron , backed by 62 millimeters ( 2 . 4 in ) of wood , and the ends of the battery were closed by transverse armored bulkheads 120 millimeters ( 4 . 7 in ) thick , backed by 480 millimeters ( 18 . 9 in ) of wood . The barbettes were unarmored , but the deck was 15 millimeters ( 0 . 59 in ) thick . Service Colbert was named in honor of Jean Baptiste Colbert , Controller General of Finances from 1665 to 1683 under King Louis XIV . She was laid down at Brest on 4 July 1870 and launched on 16 September 1875 . While the exact reason for such prolonged construction time is not known , it is believed that reduction of the French Navy 's budget after the Franco Prussian War of 1870 71 and out of date work practices in French dockyards were likely causes . The ship began her sea trials on 23 May 1877 , but became flagship of the Reserve Squadron on 31 August 1878 . On 1 October 1879 she became the flagship of the Mediterranean Squadron which post she would hold until 14 January 1890 when she was placed in reserve . Colbert bombarded the Tunisian port of Sfax on 15 16 July 1881 as the French occupied Tunisia . She became flagship of the Reserve Squadron again on 12 April 1892 until she was disarmed and paid off in 1895 . She was condemned on 11 August 1900 , before being sold for scrap in 1909 .
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1,802 | The Washington Park Court District is a Grand Boulevard community area neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago , Illinois . It was designated a Chicago Landmark on October 2 , 1991 . Despite its name , it is not located within either the Washington Park community area or the Washington Park park , but is one block north of both . The district was named for the Park . The district includes row houses built between 1895 and 1905 , with addresses of 4900 unk South Washington Park Court and 417 439 East 50th Street . Many of the houses share architectural features . The neighborhood was part of the early twentieth century segregationist racial covenant wave that swept Chicago following the Great Migration . The community area has continued to be almost exclusively African American since the 1930s . Architecture Washington Park Court , which runs one way northbound from East 50th Street to East 49th Street , is a one city block long street located at 432 east in the Chicago street numbering system . Officially , it runs from 4900 south to 5060 south in the numbering system . The street and several adjacent homes at one end are recognized as a distinct district within the city , according to the City of Chicago Department of Planning and Development . In May 1990 , the district was one of ten that were under consideration for Chicago Landmark status , and it was designated a Chicago Landmark on October 2 , 1991 . The district was named for the Park , which was designed by landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted . The T. G. Dickinson Real Estate Company , which created the subdivision in 1892 , mandated 10 foot ( 3 . 0 m ) setbacks for all properties and originally sold lots in small groups of two or three . Between 1895 and 1905 , the tone of the district became clear with the development of its row houses . In 1990 , the district contained forty nine row houses that span a wide variety of architectural styles including Classical Revival and Romanesque . As of 2004 , the district contained fifty one properties . The street hosts residential designs of architect Henry Newhouse and of developers Andrew and John unk . At least twenty five of the lots were developed by the unk and at least twelve of the properties were designed by Newhouse . Their architectural contributions set the tone for the block , which uses mostly brick and limestone houses that share porch and cornice lines . Most houses have unk or recessed roofs with bay fronts . Demographic change Between 1900 and 1934 the African American population in Chicago grew from 30 , 000 to 236 , 000 . The population was initially diluted in scattered places , but during this time , due to the change in the demographics of Chicago , it became concentrated in two large strips of land . The racial concentration was enforced by violence for few decades , until restrictive covenants became the preferred way to enforce segregation . Although they were previously rare , racially restrictive covenants among property owners that outlawed the purchase , lease , or occupation of their properties by African Americans became common in Chicago in the 1920s following the Great Migration , especially after the 1926 United States Supreme Court upheld racially restrictive covenants in Corrigan v. Buckley ( 271 U.S. 323 ( 1926 ) ) . During the first half of the 20th Century , The Black Belt was the term for the African American neighborhood from 22nd Street to 31st Street along State Street on Chicago 's South Side . South Side local businessmen and the University of Chicago became alarmed at the prospect of poorer blacks moving from the Black Belt due to a combination of racial succession and economic decline . Because 85 of Chicago was covenanted , most black neighborhoods were bounded by covenanted areas . The Washington Park Court Improvement Association changed its focus from neighborhood improvement projects , such as planting shrubs and cleaning streets , to upholding segregationist policies . When necessary , the organization resorted to violence to pursue its segregationist purpose , and between 1917 and 1921 , bombs were used to discourage encroachment into majority white neighborhoods . The bombs were used at the residences of African Americans as well as the properties of real estate agents and bankers . Eventually the term Black Belt included the region from 39th Street to 95th Street between the Dan Ryan Expressway and Lake Michigan . Since the 1930 United States Census , the Grand Boulevard community area has been over 90 African American . In both the 1960 and 1990 Census , the community area was over 99 African American . As of the 2000 Census , the area was 98 . 2 African American and 0 . 8 Hispanic .
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1,803 | The Icelandic Naming Committee ( Icelandic unk pronounced unk ) also known in English as the Personal Names Committee maintains an official register of approved Icelandic given names and governs the introduction of new given names into the culture of Iceland . Composition and mission The Naming Committee was established in 1991 to determine whether new given names not previously used in Iceland are suitable for integration into the country 's language and culture . The committee comprises three appointees who serve for four years , appointed by the Minister of Justice one to be nominated by the Icelandic Language Committee , one by the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Iceland , and one by the university 's Faculty of Law . A name not already on the official list of approved names must be submitted to the naming committee for approval . A new name is considered for its compatibility with Icelandic tradition and for the likelihood that it might cause the bearer embarrassment . Under Article 5 of the Personal Names Act , names must be compatible with Icelandic grammar ( in which all nouns , including proper names , have grammatical gender and change their forms in an orderly fashion according to the language 's case system ) . Names must also contain only letters occurring in the Icelandic alphabet , and with only occasional exceptions , a name 's grammatical gender must match the sex of the person bearing the name . As of the end of 2012 , the Personal Names Register ( Icelandic unk ) contained 1 , 712 male names and 1 , 853 female names . Controversies Jn Gnarr Jn Gnarr , former mayor of Reykjavk , protested the committee 's denial of his request to legally drop unk from his name despite his desire to disassociate himself from his father . Jn pointed out that if Robert Mugabe moved to Iceland , as a foreigner he would be allowed to keep that non conforming name , but that native Icelanders were not allowed to have non conforming names . He was also unable to legally name his daughter Camilla after her grandmother it was instead spelled Kamilla because C is not part of the Icelandic alphabet . Jn was allowed to legally change his name in 2015 . Blr unk unk The committee refused to allow Blr unk unk ( born in 1997 ) to be registered under the name given to her as a baby , on the grounds that the masculine noun Blr ( gentle breeze in Icelandic ) could be used only as a man 's name . Blr identified in official records as unk ( girl in Icelandic ) and her mother , Bjrk unk , challenged the committee 's decision in court , arguing that Blr had been used by Nobel Prize winning Icelandic author unk unk as the name of a female character in his 1957 novel The Fish Can Sing ( unk ) . One other woman in Iceland was already registered at the time with the name Blr , and two unk ( sets of case forms ) one masculine and one feminine exist for the name . On 31 January 2013 , the Reykjavk district court ruled in the family 's favour and overruled the naming committee , finding that Blr could in fact be both a man 's and a woman 's name and that Blr had a constitutional right to her own name , and rejecting government claims that it was necessary to deny her request in order to protect the Icelandic language . After the court 's decision , Iceland 's interior minister confirmed that the government would accept the ruling and would not appeal the case to the country 's Supreme Court . The chair of the naming committee , as well as a spokesman for the Ministry of the Interior , said the ruling in Blr 's case could prompt the government to revisit the current laws on personal names . Duncan and Harriet Cardew The committee refused to accept the names of Duncan and Harriet Cardew Icelandic born children of a British father and an Icelandic mother because their names did not meet the criteria for being added to the registry of approved names . The children had originally used passports with the substitute names unk ( boy ) and unk ( girl ) however , in 2014 , Icelandic authorities refused to renew Harriet 's passport at all without a legally acceptable name . Since the unk were about to travel to France , they obtained emergency British passports for Duncan and Harriet the parents also announced they would file a formal complaint objecting to the naming committee 's rejection of their children 's names and the passport office 's refusal to renew their Icelandic passports . The unk announced in June 2016 that they had won their case and their children 's names would be recognised . As a result of this case , the Icelandic Interior Ministry announced it had begun the legislative process to abolish the Naming Committee .
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1,804 | The 58th Boat Race took place on 30 March 1901 . Held annually , the Boat Race is a side by side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames . Cambridge had won the previous year 's race by twenty lengths . This year 's race , umpired by former rower Frank Willan , was won by Oxford by two fifths of a length in a time of 22 minutes 31 seconds . Oxford 's crew featured five former Blues while Cambridge just one . It was the Dark Blues ' first win three years and the slowest winning time since 1877 . The victory took the overall record in the event to 33 24 in favour of Oxford . Background The Boat Race is a side by side rowing competition between the University of Oxford ( sometimes referred to as the Dark Blues ) and the University of Cambridge ( sometimes referred to as the Light Blues ) . The race was first held in 1829 , and since 1845 has taken place on the 4 . 2 mile ( 6 . 8 km ) Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London . The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities it is followed throughout the United Kingdom and as of 2014 , broadcast worldwide . Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions , having won the 1900 race by twenty lengths , while Oxford led overall with 32 victories to Cambridge 's 24 ( excluding the dead heat of 1877 ) . Oxford 's coaches were G. C. Bourne who had rowed for Oxford in the 1882 and 1883 races , Harcourt Gilbey Gold ( Dark Blue president the previous year and four time Blue ) and C. K. Philips who had represented Oxford four times between 1895 and 1898 . Cambridge were coached by James Brookes Close , who had rowed for the Light Blues three times between 1872 and 1874 , Stanley Muttlebury , five time Blue between 1886 and 1890 and John Ernest Payne ( two time Blue in 1899 and 1900 ) . The umpire for the race for the twelfth year in a row was Frank Willan who won the event four consecutive times , rowing for Oxford in the 1866 , 1867 , 1868 and 1869 races . Author and former Oxford rower George Drinkwater wrote that the Dark Blues created a sensation when they elected to row in a boat designed by Felix Warre , based on that built by Matthew Taylor of Newcastle upon Tyne for the 1857 race . Of the crew , Drinkwater remarked the material of which they were built was second class , but behind Culme Seymour a , and coached by Mr. Gold ... they attained very nearly to first class pace . The Cambridge crew suffered illness in practice and in a late reorganisation , the crew received a set back from which they never really recovered . Crews The Oxford crew weighed an average of 12 st 2 . 675 lb ( 77 . 2 kg ) , 1 . 375 pounds ( 0 . 62 kg ) per rower more than their opponents . The Cambridge crew contained a single rower with Boat Race experience in their number three , boat club president Bertram Willes unk Brooke . Conversely , Oxford saw five former Blues return to the boat , including rower Warre and cox Gilchrist Maclagan who were making their third appearance in the event . All of the participants in the race were registered as British . Seven of the nine Cambridge crew members were studying at Trinity College . Race Cambridge won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station , handing the Middlesex side of the river to Oxford . Heavy rainstorms and strong wind from the south west made for inclement conditions for the race . Willan started the race at 10 31 a.m. and Oxford , taking advantage of the bend in the river , gradually drew away from their opponents to hold a half length lead by the Mile Post . The Cambridge stroke Graham Macdowall Maitland spurted to ensure that the crews were level by the time they passed Harrods Furniture Depository . Oxford 's stroke rate dropped as they conceded ground to the Light Blues around the long side of the bend and dropped in behind them . Despite being closer to the shore , the water was still very rough and Cambridge struggled . However , Oxford found it impossible to move out into the rougher water to pass Cambridge and settled behind the Light Blues until near to Barnes Bridge where Maclagan moved and Culme Seymour simultaneously spurted . As a result , they began to overlap the Cambridge , and with the bend of the river in their favour , they levelled the race as the crews passed Mortlake Brewery . Encountering more rough water , Cambridge were unable to respond and Oxford passed the finishing post two fifths of a length ahead , in a time of 22 minutes 31 seconds . It was the Dark Blues ' first win in three years , and the slowest winning time since the 1877 race . The victory took the overall record in the event to 33 24 in favour of Oxford .
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1,805 | SMS Bussard ( His Majesty 's Ship Bussard Buzzard ) was an unprotected cruiser of the Imperial German Navy , built in the 1880s . She was the lead ship of her class , which included five other vessels . The cruiser 's keel was laid in 1888 , and she was launched in January 1890 and commissioned in October of that year . Intended for overseas duty , Bussard was armed with a main battery of eight 10 . 5 centimeter ( 4 . 1 in ) guns , and could steam at a speed of 15 . 5 knots ( 28 . 7 km h 17 . 8 mph ) . Bussard served abroad for the majority of her career , first in the East Asia Division in the mid 1890s , and in German East Africa for the first decade of the 20th century . She had a relatively peaceful career her only major action came while stationed in Asia in 1894 . There , she assisted in suppressing a local revolt in Samoa . In 1910 , she returned to Germany , where she remained in service for only two more years she was stricken in October 1912 and scrapped the following year in Hamburg . Design Bussard was 82 . 6 meters ( 271 ft ) long overall and had a beam of 12 . 5 m ( 41 ft ) and a draft of 4 . 45 m ( 14 . 6 ft ) forward . She displaced 1 , 868 t ( 1 , 838 long tons 2 , 059 short tons ) at full combat load . Her propulsion system consisted of two horizontal 3 cylinder triple expansion steam engines powered by four coal fired cylindrical boilers . These provided a top speed of 15 . 5 kn ( 28 . 7 km h 17 . 8 mph ) and a range of approximately 2 , 990 nautical miles ( 5 , 540 km 3 , 440 mi ) at 9 kn ( 17 km h 10 mph ) . She had a crew of 9 officers and 152 enlisted men . The ship was armed with eight 10 . 5 cm K L 35 guns in single pedestal mounts , supplied with 800 rounds of ammunition in total . They had a range of 8 , 200 m ( 26 , 900 ft ) . Two guns were placed side by side forward , two on each broadside in sponsons , and two side by side aft . The gun armament was rounded out by five revolver cannon . She was also equipped with two 35 cm ( 14 in ) torpedo tubes with five torpedoes , both of which were mounted on the deck . Service history Bussard was laid down at the Kaiserliche Werft ( Imperial Shipyard ) in Danzig under the contract name C . She was launched on 23 January 1890 fitting out work was completed quickly , and the new cruiser was ready for commissioning into the Imperial fleet on 7 October 1890 . She thereafter served on overseas stations in the German Empire . Early in her career , Bussard served on the East Asia Station with the East Asia Division . In July 1893 , she and her sister ship Falke assisted in the suppression of a local revolt led by Mata 'afa Iosefo in Samoa . They were joined by the old British corvette HMS unk , and the three vessels bombarded rebel positions on 7 July , forcing their surrender . Mata 'afa was taken to Apia , the capital , while Bussard remained behind to ensure the demilitarization of his supporters . In 1898 , Bussard returned to Germany , arriving in the Elbe River in March . On the return voyage , she carried several tropical birds for the Berlin Zoological Garden . After her arrival , Bussard went into drydock at the Kaiserliche Werft in Danzig for reconstruction . The barque rig was cut down to a top sail schooner rig . A new , larger conning tower structure was built . Work was completed by 1900 , when Bussard returned to service . She was sent to China in response to the Boxer Rebellion earlier that year . While en route to China on 6 August 1900 , a boiler room exploded aboard Bussard , due to a blown out manhole gasket the explosion killed three sailors and seriously wounded another three men . After arriving in China , Bussard took part in the attack on the Taku Forts , along with her sisters Seeadler and Geier . Her crew suffered no casualties during the campaign . As of 1901 , Bussard was assigned to the East Africa Station in German East Africa , along with the unprotected cruiser Schwalbe . The only other German warships in Africa at the time were the gunboats Habicht and the elderly Wolf these two ships were stationed in German West Africa . Bussard remained on the East Africa station in 1904 , and Schwalbe was replaced by her sister Sperber . During this period , Hans unk served as the ship 's navigation officer he held this position for two years . By 1908 , Sperber had been transferred to German West Africa , and another of Bussard 's sisters , Seeadler , took her place alongside Bussard . Bussard remained in Africa until 1910 , when she returned to Germany for a second and final time . She remained in active service for only a brief time she was stricken from the naval register on 25 October 1912 and was broken up for scrap the following year in Hamburg .
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1,806 | New York State Route 254 ( NY 254 ) is a state highway that extends for 6 . 01 miles ( 9 . 67 km ) through Warren and Washington counties in the Capital District of New York in the United States . The route runs from exit 19 along the Adirondack Northway ( Interstate 87 or I 87 ) in Queensbury and follows Aviation Road , Quaker Road , and Lower Warren Street through Queensbury to Hudson Falls , where it terminates at an intersection with U.S. Route 4 ( US 4 ) in the center of the village . The portion of NY 254 along Lower Warren Street and River Street has had several designations over the years . From 1924 to 1930 , it was part of the original NY 30 . In 1927 , it also became part of US 4 , which initially overlapped NY 30 from Glens Falls to Whitehall . In the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York , NY 30 was reassigned elsewhere while US 4 was rerouted to bypass Glens Falls to the east . As a result , Lower Warren Street and River Street became part of NY 32B . The NY 32B designation remained in place until the mid 1960s when the Quaker Road arterial was built . NY 32B was partially replaced c . 1965 by NY 254 , the designation assigned to the new highway around Glens Falls . The portion of NY 254 between US 9 and Lower Warren Street is maintained by Warren County and co designated as County Route 47 ( CR 47 ) and CR 70 . Route description NY 254 begins at the southbound ramp of Adirondack Northway ( I 87 ) exit 19 north of Glens Falls in the town of Queensbury . The route heads eastward from the interchange as Aviation Road , passing by many commercial buildings and Aviation Mall . As it passes along the north side of the mall , NY 254 curves to the southeast before veering back to the northeast ahead of an intersection with the four lane US 9 ( Upper Glen Street ) . The route continues past US 9 however , maintenance of the highway is transferred from the New York State Department of Transportation ( NYSDOT ) to Warren County at the US 9 junction . Now co designated as CR 47 , NY 254 progresses eastward along the four lane Quaker Road , serving as a northerly bypass of the city of Glens Falls . As the route heads east , it passes Pine View Cemetery and several local businesses . At an intersection with Glenwood Avenue ( CR 34 ) , the county 's internal designation for NY 254 becomes CR 70 , whereafter the route passes over Halfway Brook and under the Gerald B. Solomon Bikeway Bridge a part of the Warren County Bikeway . The highway progresses southeasterly upon intersecting NY 9L as NY 254 turns due southeast to avoid Floyd Bennett Memorial Airport . Along this stretch , NY 254 heads through undeveloped land before entering another area of commercial development as it approaches the outskirts of Hudson Falls . Here , the route meets NY 32 at Highland Avenue before intersecting Lower Warren Street ( here unsigned NY 911E ) on the banks of the Hudson River . NY 254 turns east at NY 911E , becoming state maintained once more as it follows Lower Warren Street across the Glens Falls Feeder Canal and along the Hudson River into Washington County and the village of Hudson Falls . As River Street , NY 254 heads to the southeast for a short distance before terminating at an intersection with US 4 in downtown Hudson Falls . NY 196 begins one block to the south of this junction . History Warren Street in Glens Falls , Lower Warren Street in Queensbury , and River Street in Hudson Falls were originally designated as part of NY 30 in 1924 . In late 1926 , the U.S. Highway System was created . One of the routes assigned at this time was US 4 , which overlapped NY 30 between Glens Falls and Whitehall . In the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York , the NY 30 designation was reassigned elsewhere while US 4 was reconfigured to continue south from Hudson Falls to East Greenbush . The former routing of US 4 into Glens Falls became part of NY 32B , an alternate route of NY 32 that followed the Hudson River between Schuylerville and Glens Falls . All of NY 32B south of Hudson Falls was concurrent to US 4 . NY 32B was truncated over time , eventually consisting of just the portion between Boulevard ( then NY 32 ) in Queensbury and US 4 in Hudson Falls . In the mid 1960s , a new arterial was constructed around the northern and eastern extents of Glens Falls . The roadway , designated as NY 254 c . 1965 , extended from I 87 in the north to Warren Street ( NY 32B ) in the south . NY 254 then continued east to US 4 in Hudson Falls , replacing NY 32B . The short 0 . 20 mile ( 0 . 32 km ) segment of Warren Street between NY 32 and NY 254 , formerly the westernmost portion of NY 32B , is now NY 911E , an unsigned reference route . Major intersections
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1,807 | The Man Who Never Lied is a song recorded by American band Maroon 5 for their fourth studio album Overexposed ( 2012 ) . It was written by Adam Levine , Brian West and Marius Moga and produced by Levine and Noah Mailbox Passovoy together with West under his production pseudonym unk . The song received generally positive reviews from music critics , particularly for its chorus . Following the release of the album , due to strong digital downloads , the song peaked at number nine on the singles chart in South Korea with sales of 31 , 977 digital copies . Background and production In 2011 , Maroon 5 re released their third studio album Hands All Over . The lead single from the re issue of the album , Moves Like Jagger featured American recording artist Christina Aguilera and was a commercial success , managing to reach number one on 18 national charts including the US Billboard Hot 100 . In middle 2011 , the band started working on their following fourth studio album . One of the members of Maroon 5 , James Valentine spoke to Billboard and revealed their plans to release their fourth studio album in early 2012 . On March 22 , 2012 , the band posted a video on YouTube featuring numerous scenes from the band in the studio , recording the album . On July 17 , 2012 , the album was released under the title Overexposed . The Man Who Never Lied was written by Maroon 5 's lead singer Adam Levine together with Brian West and Marius Moga . The song was produced by Levine together with Noah Mailbox Passovoy West provided additional production under his production name unk . The Man Who Never Lied was recorded at Conway Studios in Los Angeles by Noah Passovoy while Eric Eylands served as engineering assistant . Serban Ghenea mixed the song at Mixstar Studios in Virginia Beach together with John Hanes and Phil Seaford who served as mixing engineer and mixing assistant respectively . Passovoy also provided the programming and the keys , while West provided the guitar and additional programming . Additional keys and programming were assisted by Max Martin and Sam Farrar respectively . Music and lyrics The Man Who Never Lied is a pop song with a length of three minutes and 25 seconds . It is written in the key of D major , in common time , with a tempo of 116 beats per minute . Levine 's vocal range spans from the low note of A4 to the high note of B5 . Lyrically , the song finds the protagonist in a relationship trouble where he is playing a role of a good person I was the man who never lied ... but I couldn 't break your heart like you did yesterday . According to Nate Chinen of The New York Times , in The Man Who Never Lied , Levine sings about spoiling his perfect record of honesty to spare a quarreling lover some hurtful feelings . Rob unk of Rolling Stone concluded that in the song , the singer confesses that the honesty is the worst policy . According to the reviewer , that 's a dubious motto for real life but it 's always a promising one for a pop unk . Critical reception Suzanne Byrne of RT.ie concluded that Lucky Strike alongside Daylight , The Man Who Never Lied and Love Somebody are potential single releases . Jeremy Thomas of 411 Mania labeled the song together with Payphone and One More Night as enjoyable numbers that have potential for a decent amount of airplay . Bruce unk of The Citizen wrote that The Man Who Never Lied together with One More Night are evidence that Maroon 5 have come up with something ( for now ) that they ve embraced and are willing to run with . In a review of Overexposed Fraser McAlpine of BBC Music wrote , the band had left the strutting cockerel heat of their 2004 single This Love for the saturated rave bliss of Love Somebody or The Man Who Never Lied an effect of the market they have chosen to contribute on . Billboard 's Chris Payne wrote that the song keeps the energy from Lucky Strike strong , and contains one of the most memorable choruses on Overexposed . Robert Copsey of Digital Spy wrote that it feels anonymous despite its stadium sized chorus . Credits and personnel Recording and mixing Recorded at Conway Studios , Los Angeles , California mixed at Mixstar Studios , Virginia Beach . Personnel Credits adapted from the liner notes of Overexposed , A M Octone Records . Charts Upon the release of Overexposed , due to strong digital downloads The Man Who Never Lied debuted on the South Korea Gaon International Chart at number nine on June 24 , 2012 , with sales of 31 , 977 digital copies . The next week , it fell to number 16 and sold additional 15 , 452 copies . It stayed on the chart for total of eight weeks . Weekly Year end
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1,808 | Luke McLuke ( 1911 c . 1929 ) was a bay Thoroughbred stallion born in the United States he won the 1914 Belmont Stakes , the Carlton Stakes , Kentucky Handicap , and Grainger Memorial Handicap among his four wins from six starts . After his racing career was over , he became a breeding stallion , where he sired 11 stakes winners . Two of his daughters were named as year end Champions in the United States . Breeding and background Luke McLuke 's sire was Ultimus , and his dam was an imported mare named Midge , a daughter of the English Thoroughbred Trenton . Midge 's dam was another imported mare named Sandfly by the English stallion unk . Ultimus was inbred to Commando , as both his sire and dam were sired by Domino . Ultimus never raced , however . Luke McLuke was bred by James R. Keene at Castleton Stud , but was sold , along with the entire stock of the 1911 foal crop , in 1912 as yearlings . He was originally bought as part of a group lot of all 16 of the colts , bought by William A. Prime for 25 , 000 ( about 613 , 000 as of 2016 ) , who promptly turned around sold the horses to Edward R. Bradley . Bradley then auctioned them off for a total of 57 , 650 ( around 1 , 414 , 000 as of 2016 ) shortly after purchasing them . John Schorr of Memphis , Tennessee bought Luke McLuke for 1 , 700 ( approximately 42 , 000 as of 2016 ) . Although unraced as a two year old , Luke McLuke raced as a three year old for Schorr . In Schorr 's ownership , the stallion won the Belmont Stakes . Luke McLuke was expected to be a sprinter , as his breeding , especially on his sire 's side , was mostly raced at shorter distances . Racing career Luke McLuke won the Belmont on June 20 , 1914 , carrying 126 lb ( 57 kg ) and with M. unk as his jockey . He earned a total of unk for the win . The time for the 1 3 8 mi ( 2 . 2 km ) race was 2 minutes and 20 seconds , beating Gainer and unk . On June 30 , 1914 , he ran in the Carleton Stakes , which was a 1 mile ( 1 . 6 km ) long race for three year olds . He earned 5 , 125 ( around 121 , 000 as of 2016 ) for the win , which was made in 1 minute 38 and 4 5 seconds . Luke McLuke carried 126 lb ( 57 kg ) in the race and his jockey was M. Buxton . He beat unk again , as well as Stromboli and unk . He also won the Kentucky Handicap and Grainger Memorial Handicap that year . The Grainger was a race for three year olds and up , at a distance of 1 1 4 mi ( 2 . 0 km ) and was run at Churchill Downs in Louisville , Kentucky . Luke McLuke carried 100 lb ( 45 kg ) in the race , and was ridden by A. unk for the win . Second place was Rudolfo and third went to Solar Star . The win earned him 11 , 500 ( 272 , 000 as of 2016 ) , and the winning time was 2 minutes and 2 and 4 5 seconds . Luke McLuke was trained by Schorr 's son , J. F. Schorr . Luke McLuke 's race wins in 1914 helped make the elder Schorr the leading owner for 1914 , the second time he had earned that title . The younger Schorr was the leading trainer in 1914 , the first time he topped that list . The stallion 's overall racing record was four wins in six starts with one second and one third . His total earnings on the racetrack were 22 , 050 ( 541 , 000 as of 2016 ) . Breeding career and legacy In 1925 , Luke McLuke was owned by J. O. Keene and stood at stud at Keeneland Stud in Lexington , Kentucky . He sired 11 stakes winners , including Nellie Morse , Anita Peabody , and Mr. Sponge . Nellie Morse won the 1924 Preakness Stakes and was named the 1924 Champion Three Year Old Filly . Anita Peabody won the Futurity Stakes and the Debutante Stakes and was named 1927 Champion Two Year Old Filly . In all , Luke McLuke sired 85 foals in 13 foal crops 55 of his foals started races , with 40 of those starters winning races for a total of 449 , 783 . His daughter Nellie Morse was the dam of Nellie Flagg , the 1934 Champion Two Year Old Filly . After her racing career was over , Nellie Flagg went on to become one of the foundation broodmares at Calumet Farm in Kentucky . A grandson was Three Bars , out of a Luke McLuke daughter named Myrtle Dee . Three Bars went on to become an influential sire of Quarter Horses , and was named to the American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame in 1989 . Another daughter , unk , produced the 1966 Kentucky Broodmare of the Year , unk Nurse . Luke McLuke 's granddaughter Nellie Flagg was in turn the dam of Mar Kell , the 1943 Champion Handicap Mare . The Chicago Tribune reported the death of Luke McLuke in February 1929 , but noted the horse had died suddenly in his exercise paddock at the farm of John Hertz many weeks before the press release . He was recorded as dead in the 1932 edition of the American Racing Manual . Pedigree
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1,809 | Tropical Storm Julio in 2002 was a weak and short lived tropical storm that made landfall along the southern Mexican coast . An area of convection organized into a tropical depression on September 25 . Initially forecast to stay offshore , the depression headed northward and strengthened into a tropical storm that same day . Julio turned to the northwest and peaked as a minimal tropical storm just before landfall near Lzaro Crdenas , on September 26 . The storm soon weakened into a tropical depression and later on September 26 , it rapidly dissipated over Mexico . Prior to making landfall , tropical cyclone warnings and watches were issued for a portion of the Pacific coast of Mexico . After making landfall , three fatalities and 18 injuries were reported from Julio when a bus flipped over . Around 100 houses in Acapulco and Zihuatanejo were damaged or washed away by flash flooding . In the latter city , many trees were brought down and numerous streets were flooded . The highest rainfall reported was 16 . 10 in ( 409 mm ) at Zihuatanejo and La Unin , resulting in devastation . In all , about 2 , 000 homes were flooded while 100 families were evacuated . About a month after Julio , Hurricane Kenna affected some of the same locations as Julio . Meteorological history The origins of Tropical Storm Julio were from a persistent monsoon like area of convection ( possibly related to Hurricane Isidore ) that was situated off the west coast of Central America on September 21 . Convective activity generally increased over the next two days , and it is estimated that a poorly defined surface circulation developed late on September 23 . The low gradually became better organized and at 0000 UTC on September 25 , the National Hurricane Center ( NHC ) reported that the disturbance had developed into Tropical Depression Thirteen E about 100 mi ( 160 km ) southwest of Acapulco . Initially , the storm was expected to pass very close to the Mexican coast and attain a peak intensity of 60 mph ( 95 km h ) . Shortly thereafter , the NHC upgraded the depression into Tropical Storm Julio based on intensity estimates from the Dvorak technique . By this time , Julio was now expected to move onshore the Mexican coast and meander . At 0000 UTC on September 26 , Tropical Storm Julio attained its peak intensity of 45 mph ( 70 km h ) while also reaching its minimum barometric pressure of 1 , 000 mb ( 30 inHg ) . At peak , the storm was centered just west northwest of Lzaro Crdenas . After turning northwest , Julio made landfall along the coast of Southwestern Mexico . After landfall , Julio rapidly deteriorated over the mountainous terrain . At 1200 UTC September 26 , the storm was downgraded into a tropical depression . Even though the storm was initially expected to enter the extreme southern Gulf of California and regain tropical storm strength , Julio dissipated near Manzanillo later that day instead . Preparations , impact , and aftermath Upon becoming a tropical cyclone , tropical cyclone warnings and watches were issued for portions of the Pacific coast of Mexico a tropical storm warning was issued from Zihuatanejo to Punta San Telma while a tropical storm watch was in effect from Punta San Telma to Manzanillo . On September 26 , once the storm had weakened into a depression over land , all the watches and warnings were dropped . While making landfall , Zihuatanejo reported 40 mph ( 65 km h ) winds , with gusts up to 50 mph ( 80 km h ) at unk UTC September 25 . In addition , a peak pressure of 1 , 002 . 3 mb ( 29 . 60 inHg ) was reported . The highest rainfall reported was 16 . 10 inches ( 409 mm ) at Zihuatanejo and La Unin , Guerrero . Record rainfall was reported in Guerrero . Tropical Storm Julio was responsible for heavy rains to Zihuatanejo , where 100 homes were damaged or destroyed . Across the city , numerous roofs were damaged and many trees fell . Many houses and streets were flooded as well . Meanwhile , in Acapulco , heavy rains triggered flash flooding that damaged another 100 houses . Throughout Colima , many rivers overflowed its banks . Furthermore , 2 , 000 homes were flooded . Roughly 100 families were evacuated to shelters in Michoacn . In addition , many small shacks lost their roof due to the storm 's high winds . On the outskirts of the unk , situated 95 mi ( 155 km ) inland , a school bus carrying 40 kids flipped over , killing three and injuring 18 others . An estimated 2700 acres ( 700 ha ) of crops were lost because of the storm . Parts of Guerrero were later declared a disaster area . However , the city of unk was quickly cleaned up proceeding the storm . About a month after Julio , Hurricane Kenna affected some of the same locations that Julio impacted .
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1,810 | Kampoeng Rawa ( alternatively Kampung Rawa , both Indonesian for Swamp Hamlet ) is a tourist attraction in Ambarawa , Central Java , located within the green belt around Lake Rawa Pening . Opened in August 2012 , it is owned and operated by twelve groups of farmers and fishermen who were funded by the Artha Prima Credit Union . It is intended to improve the welfare of local farmers and fishermen while promoting an understanding of the lake 's ecology . Facilities include a floating restaurant , unk , crafts centre , fishing area , and docks . During holidays the site may be visited by several thousand people . It has been challenged for its lack of permission to build in the green belt and the possible ecological impact . Location and facilities Kampoeng Rawa is located at Kilometer 3 of the South Ring Road in Ambarawa , Semarang , Central Java , a road used for travel between Yogyakarta and Semarang that was opened in 2012 . Administratively , the complex is part of the unk Hamlet . The complex is situated in the middle of many rice paddies and borders Lake Rawa Pening . From the site visitors have a view of Mount Merbabu and Mount unk , both to the south . The 300 seat restaurant at Kampoeng Rawa floats in a small lake and serves Indonesian dishes using locally produced ingredients , including catfish , unk , and tilapia . Dishes included nasi goreng and mie goreng . Customers can sit in the main hall or one of the floating gazebos . All are floated by plastic drums , and to reach the main hall customers must use covered boats which are guided by a rope . In the center of the complex is an open stage , a craft center , and a unk for special events . This has included weddings , colouring contests , training sessions , and seminars . A variety of activities and facilities are available onsite , including ATVs , flying fox , jet skis , and fishing . Boats leave from a dock and travel through a canal to Lake Rawa Pening . History The concept for Kampoeng Rawa emerged in 2004 , when a group of farmers and fishermen from the Rawa Pening area received a billion rupiah grant from the Artha Prima Credit Union . They decided to establish a tourist attraction through which they could sell their wares ( later extended to include arts and crafts ) while raising awareness of and protecting the Rawa Pening ecosystem . In preparation for the 2013 Visit unk campaign , in 2011 they began planning a complex which would include culinary tourism and water activities . Artha Prima trained some locals as wait staff , cashiers , and security guards . Twelve groups of farmers and fishermen , a total of 325 individuals , banded together in the Kampoeng Rawa Association on 4 August 2012 . This group was tasked with managing the new tourist site , which opened , despite construction being incomplete , shortly before Eid al Fitr ( 18 19 August ) . The site was quickly popular , receiving an average of 2 , 000 visitors a day during the Eid holidays , and became a common location for events held by the local government . In late August 2012 , the cost of entry was Rp . 2 , 500 per person , with an additional parking fee of Rp . 5 , 000 per car , although various activities were extra . During the four day Eid al Fitr holiday in 2013 , the attraction received over 14 , 000 visitors . Controversy over Kampoeng Rawa had developed by late 2012 , when the Water Resource Management Agency declared that the site was illegally located in the green belt around Lake Rawa Pening . In 2013 , the ecologist unk of Diponegoro University stated that the area around Rawa Pening had to be clear of all buildings , otherwise the water flow and ecosystem would be disturbed . It was also found that the permits for the establishment had not been obtained . However , the Regent of Semarang , unk , was supportive of Kampoeng Rawa , stating that the complex not only improved the welfare of the farmers and fishermen , but stopped feuds over the use of rice paddies in the area . In early 2014 , as part of an incentive to close unlicensed buildings in the regency , police posted notification that the Kampoeng Rawa site was unlicensed . The manager of Kampoeng Rawa , Agus unk , stated that they had tried to gain permission for their buildings , but both the provincial and regional governments had stated that they were unable to issue it . When the police banner later disappeared , there were reports that the site 's management had taken it down , although the management stated that it had fallen under a hard wind . The head of the Semarang Regency Council , Bambang unk , stated that he had confirmed Kampoeng Rawa 's management had applied for permission and called for the government to process the request expediently .
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1,811 | Vida is a latin pop song by Guatemalan recording artist Ricardo Arjona , released on 7 December 2010 as the second single from his twelfth studio album , Poquita Ropa ( 2010 ) . The song was written by Arjona , who produced it with longtime collaborators Dan Warner and Lee Levin under their stage name Los Gringos . The song is considered to be an autobiographical song for the singer , and its lyrics are based on matters of identity . An accompanying music video for Vida was released in November 2010 . It was directed by Joaqun Cambr and filmed in Mexico , and represent s that mix of feelings crafting an ambience of hope inside of a story that unk has a tragic end . The video was used as part of the feature film Poquita Ropa Una Historia Apasionada as well as on Arjona 's Metamorfosis World Tour . As of 28 July 2012 , the video has reached 3 . 9 million views on YouTube . Background With Poquita Ropa , Arjona wanted to drastically change his musical style . He tried to use as few instruments as possible , resulting in a production that sounds like a capella performances . Arjona said about the album , music and women look better with little clothes , and that they the songs are like women they get things up and are so concerned about this that they forget that the less clothes , more beauty . The songs are often overwhelmed by ourselves , because we saturate them with arrangements looking to exalt their qualities and we end up hiding them . Arjona produced the album with the assistance of Dan Warner , who has worked with Shakira , Celine Dion and Christina Aguilera . Jason Birchmeier from Allmusic commented that Poquita Ropa finds Arjona at his most naked , backed by spare arrangements of acoustic guitar , piano , and Hammond B 3 along with occasional touches of strings , woodwinds , and chorus vocals . Poquita Ropa was the first album that Arjona recorded without producer Tommy Torres , whose last production was 5to Piso ( 2008 ) . The album is similar in style to Arjona 's work on Galera Caribe ( 2000 ) . Composition Vida is a latin pop song written by Arjona , who produced it alongside longtime collaborators Dan Warner and Lee Levin , under their stagename Los Gringos . Doug Emery provided the piano , while Lee Levin performed the percussion and drums instruments and unk Lang the bass . Roger Silvestre Ramrez and Wendy Pedersen provided additional background vocals on the song , while Andrs Saavedra and Isaas Garca served as the recording engineers . It is considered by Arjona as an autobiographical song , commenting that it contains a good dose of the life of my old unk , as a reference to his father , who died in 2011 . In an interview , music video director Joaqun Cambre commented that ' Vida ' is a sweet song , exciting and bitter nonetheless . Jason Birchmeier from Allmusic praised the song , stating that it deal s with matters of identity and take a long view , concerning themselves with the past as well as the present and raising questions about the future . Promotion Music video The music video for Vida was released on 15 November 2010 . It was filmed in Mexico and directed by Argentinian filmmaker Joaqun Cambre . In an interview , Joaqun Cambre commented that he tried to represent that mix of feelings crafting an ambience of hope inside of a story that unk has a tragic end . Ricardo Arjona plays the song while listening to the story playing on an old disc . On the video , Arjona is seen on an old room , playing guitar and sitting on a couch , close to a bed , while singing the lyrics . In between , scenes showing a family reaching to a house , in which the father of the men is laying , close to death . As of 28 July 2012 , the video has reached 3 . 9 million views on YouTube . Live performances and media appearances Vida was included on the film Poquita Ropa Una Historia Apasionada , a compilation of the music videos for all of the songs on the album which unk on February 2011 by HBO . It was directed by Joaqun Cambre , and co starred Arjona , Gonzlez , Edgar Vivar , Daniel Arenas , Mimi Morales , and Kenny . Jess Grovas , HBO 's corporate communication manager for Mexico and Central America said that it was a pleasure to have on screen the music of a songwriter like Ricardo Arjona , which is warranty of quality . The film was also broadcast by A E. The song is also present on his ongoing Metamorfosis World Tour , where it is used as an introductory video for the show , showcased on an LDC screen present during the concert . Trackslisting Digital Download Vida 5 15 Credits and personnel The credits are taken from the iTunes exclusive digital booklet . Release history
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1,812 | 25 Images of a Man 's Passion , or The Passion of a Man is the first wordless novel by Flemish artist Frans Masereel ( 1889 1972 ) , first published in 1918 under the French title 25 images de la passion d 'un homme . The silent story is about a young working class man who leads a revolt against his employer . The first of dozens of such works by Masereel , the book is considered to be the first wordless novel , a genre that saw its greatest popularity in Europe in the 1920s and 1930s . Masereel followed the book in 1919 with his best known work , Passionate Journey . Masereel had grown up reading revolutionary socialist literature , and expressed his politics in A Man 's Passion the work is also filled with religious imagery , as with the Common Man taking the role of the martyred Christ . It owed its visual style to Expressionism and mediaeval woodcuts . The book was popular , particularly in German editions , which had introductions by writers Max Brod , Hermann Hesse , and Thomas Mann . Background Frans Masereel ( 1889 1972 ) was born into a French speaking family in Blankenberge , Belgium . When he was five his father died , and his mother remarried to a doctor in Ghent , whose political beliefs left an impression on the young Masereel . Masereel grew up reading Marxist , socialist , and anarchist works by such writers as Karl Marx and Peter Kropotkin , and often accompanied his stepfather in socialist demonstrations . After a year at the Ghent Academy of Fine Arts in 1907 , Masereel left to study art on his own in Paris . During World War I he volunteered as a translator for the Red Cross in Geneva , drew newspaper political cartoons , and copublished a magazine called Les unk , in which he published his first woodcut prints . In the early 20th century there was a revival in interest in mediaeval woodcuts , particularly in religious books such as the Biblia pauperum . The woodcut is a less refined medium than the wood engraving that replaced it artists of the time took to the rougher woodcut to express angst and frustration . From 1917 Masereel began publishing books of woodcut prints , using similar imagery to make political statements on the strife of the common people rather than to illustrate the lives of Christ and the saints . In 1918 he created the first such book to feature a narrative , 25 Images of a Man 's Passion , which is thus the earliest example of the wordless novel genre . Synopsis 25 Images of a Man 's Passion tells of a young man who protests injustice against the working class in an industrialized society . The man is born to an unwed mother , struggles to make a living , and drinks and whores with his coworkers . He educates himself by reading and talking with his coworkers , and is executed by the authorities for leading a revolt against his employer . Scenes from ' unk Images of a Man 's Passion ' ' Style and analysis The title and content of the book have biblical resonances with the mediaeval woodcuts from which they draw inspiration . In line with Masereel 's politics , the Common Man is martyred instead of Christ during his trial , Christ on the crucifix shines light upon the man . The cover of the German edition depicts the main character burdened Christ like with a crucifix . Visually , the book owes much to Expressionism , though experts disagree on whether to label Masereel 's work Expressionist critic Lothar Lang finds Masereel 's revolutionary politics to set Masereel apart from the Expressionists . Perry Willet finds parallels between the story arc of Masereel 's book and that of Expressionist playwright Ernst Toller 's The Transformation ( 1919 ) , though Masereel 's work was the more political Toller lacked Masereel 's commitment to socialism . Socialist themes of the martyrdom of the working class were common in wordless novels with the city as a backdrop to a worker 's struggle against oppression , the book set the tone and themes for future wordless novels by Masereel and other artists , such as the American Lynd Ward . Publication and reception Printed from twenty five woodcut blocks , the book was first released in 1918 by dition de unk , a Swiss publishing house of which Masereel was a co sponsor . It was first offered as a numbered collectors ' edition , and followed by trade editions . Kurt Wolff produced an inexpensive German edition ( Die Passion eines Menschen ) in 1921 . The German edition was particularly popular , and its several editions had introductions by writers Max Brod , Hermann Hesse , and Thomas Mann . In the same Expressionistic style , Masereel followed Man 's Passion with Passionate Journey ( 1919 ) , The Sun ( 1919 ) , Story Without Words ( 1920 ) , and The Idea ( 1920 ) .
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1,813 | Nobody 's Perfect is a song by American recording artist Miley Cyrus , credited as her character Hannah Montana from the eponymous television series . It was released on May 15 , 2007 by Walt Disney Records as the lead single from Hannah Montana 2 ( 2007 ) , the accompanying soundtrack album for its second season . Written by Matthew Gerrard and Robbie Nevil and produced by Gerrard , Nobody 's Perfect discusses the importance of overcoming mistakes it is heavily based on synthpop musical styles . Contemporary music critics spoke favorably of Nobody 's Perfect in their reviews , and were appreciative of its overall production . The track peaked at number 27 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 by exceeding sales of 906 , 000 copies as of October 2010 , it has additionally become the most successful track from the Hannah Montana franchise . A live performance of Cyrus performing the track as Montana serves as the accompanying music video for the track it was first broadcast on July 3 , 2007 , although it was later included in the Vevo catalog on December 10 , 2010 . The song was also performed during Cyrus ' headlining Best of Both Worlds Tour ( 2007 08 ) . Background and composition In Hannah Montana , Miley Cyrus portrays the character Miley Stewart , a teenager who lives the secret double life as the pop star Hannah Montana . She stated that most songs for the first season reflect the show , with Miley or Hannah making sure the other doesn 't get caught or whatever , opining that the tracks provided series producers with the opportunity to make sure that everyone understood the characters . By comparison , Cyrus described material used during the second season as more speaking out to the fans . Nobody 's Perfect was written and produced by Matthew Gerrard he additionally oversaw its mixing and programming , and performed the guitar , bass , and keyboards . Greg Critchley plated the drums , while Marco Luciana was responsible for the keyboards and Ashley unk contributed the background vocals . Nobody 's Perfect appears as the second track on Hannah Montana 2 with a duration of three minutes and twenty seconds . It is written in the key of C minor with Cyrus ' vocals spanning two octaves from C4 to D5 . The song was described by Allmusic as synth driven pop , and discusses the importance of overcoming mistakes . Release Before being released as the lead single from Hannah Montana 2 on May 15 , 2007 , Nobody 's Perfect was included on the reissued two disc special edition of the original soundtrack Hannah Montana ( 2006 ) . Within the Hannah Montana storyline , Nobody 's Perfect was written by Miley 's father Robby Stewart it is first heard in the episode Get Down , Study unk unk during the second season , where Miley reworks the song into the Bone Dance as a way of helping her study for a biology mid term exam . A live performance of Cyrus performing the track as Montana acts as an accompanying music video for the track it was initially released on July 3 , 2007 , although it was reissued through Vevo on December 10 , 2010 . It was also performed during Cyrus ' headlining Best of Both Worlds Tour ( 2007 08 ) . Reception Nobody 's Perfect received generally favorable reviews from contemporary music critics . Writing for AllMusic , Heather Phares appreciated the incorporation of shiny , synth driven pop , which she credited with making the first soundtrack a hit . Shirley Halperin from Entertainment Weekly shared a similar sentiment , describing it as pure pop candy . Bob Waliszewski and Bob Smithouser from Plugged In classified Nobody 's Perfect as pro social content , where rather than beating herself up over mistakes , the singer acknowledges that ' Nobody 's Perfect ' through the lyrics Everybody has those days and You live and you learn it . Nobody 's Perfect charted at number 27 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 , and reached numbers 14 and 25 on the Billboard Digital Songs and Pop 100 charts , respectively . As of October 2010 , the track has sold 906 , 000 copies in the United States , becoming the most successful song from the Hannah Montana franchise . Nobody 's Perfect also charted at numbers 73 and 87 on the Hot Canadian Digital Singles and Australian ARIA Charts , respectively . Credits and personnel Credits adapted from the liner notes of Hannah Montana 2 . Recording Mastered at Capitol Mastering ( Hollywood , California ) Personnel Greg Critchley drums Matthew Gerrard songwriter , producer , mixing , guitar , bass , keyboards , programming Marco Luciana keyboards Hannah Montana lead vocals Robbie Nevil songwriter Ashley unk background vocals Charts Release history
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1,814 | The 141st Boat Race took place on 1 April 1995 . Held annually , the Boat Race is a side by side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames . Marko Banovic became the first rower from Croatia to participate in the event . Cambridge won by four lengths . In the reserve race , Cambridge 's Goldie defeated Oxford 's Isis , while Cambridge won the Women 's Boat Race . Background The Boat Race is a side by side rowing competition between the University of Oxford ( sometimes referred to as the Dark Blues ) and the University of Cambridge ( sometimes referred to as the Light Blues ) . First held in 1829 , the race takes place on the 4 . 2 mile ( 6 . 8 km ) Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London . The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities and followed throughout the United Kingdom and broadcast worldwide . Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions , having won the 1994 race by six and a half lengths , with Cambridge leading overall with 71 victories to Oxford 's 68 ( excluding the dead heat of 1877 ) . The race was sponsored by Beefeater Gin for the ninth consecutive year . The first Women 's Boat Race took place in 1927 , but did not become an annual fixture until the 1960s . Until 2014 , the contest was conducted as part of the Henley Boat Races , but as of the 2015 race , it is held on the River Thames , on the same day as the men 's main and reserve races . The reserve race , contested between Oxford 's Isis boat and Cambridge 's Goldie boat has been held since 1965 . It usually takes place on the Tideway , prior to the main Boat Race . Oxford saw former coach and Blue Dan Topolski return as director of coaching following his departure after the 1992 race . Topolski , who rowed for the Dark Blues in the 1967 race , had coached Oxford to ten consecutive victories from 1976 to 1985 . He noted We know we are underdogs . We started with only one man from a previous Blues race and no internationals . Nothing but big hearts and lungs . Cambridge 's boat club president Richard Phelps was upbeat We 're buoyant , tails up , the boat 's been going fast . Cambridge were coached by Robin Williams who was reserved in his assessment , noting his crew needed to be comfortable with the situation of rowing side by side . Crews The official weigh in took place at The Hurlingham Club five days before the race . The Oxford crew weighed on average 2 . 5 pounds ( 1 . 1 kg ) more than their opponents . Cambridge saw the return of four former Blues while Oxford 's crew featured two . The Oxford crew contained two native British rowers to Cambridge 's five . Cambridge 's crew also featured the first rower from Croatia in the Boat Race , in Marko Banovic . Oxford 's cox , 19 year old Abbie Chapman , became the ninth female cox in the history of the contest , and as a result of her diminutive stature , standing 4 ft 10 in ( 1 . 47 m ) tall , her seat was raised to afford her the visibility required to steer . Race Cambridge won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station . In a stiff headwind , Oxford took an early lead but as Cambridge 's rhythm improved , they closed the gap and took the lead . Aggressive steering from Oxford 's Chapman resulted in warnings from the umpire , yet by Craven Cottage , Cambridge held a lead of two thirds of a length , and were a second ahead at the Mile Post . A length ahead by Harrods Furniture Depository , a push at Hammersmith Bridge increased the lead to a length and a half and allowed Cambridge a clear water advantage by Chiswick Eyot . Although rating considerably lower than Oxford , Cambridge held their lead and passed the finishing post four lengths ahead , in a time of 18 minutes 4 seconds . In the reserve race , Cambridge 's Goldie won by fourteen lengths over Isis , the largest margin of victory since the 1971 race , and Cambridge 's eighth victory in nine years . Cambridge won the 50th Women 's Boat Race by one and a third lengths in a time of 6 minutes and 2 seconds , their sixth victory in seven years . Reaction Cambridge 's Croatian international Banovic said Matching them over the first two minutes and delaying our effort to Hammersmith was part of our plan . His president , Phelps , confirmed We knew they had four or five minutes in them ... we waited for them to crack . Topolski reflected We had a great first seven minutes ... Cambridge are on a roll that has taken years to build up . He continued You cannot expect our system to bear fruit in just a year . The race was watched by around seven million viewers in the United Kingdom , the fifth most viewed sports event of the year .
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1,815 | King 's Highway 129 , commonly referred to as Highway 129 , is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario . Located in the Algoma and Sudbury districts , the highway extends for 221 kilometres ( 137 mi ) from a junction with Highway 17 in Thessalon to the town of Chapleau , just north of Highway 101 . The route is isolated and lightly travelled throughout its length while providing access to several remote settlements , the only sizable communities along the route are the two termini . The highway was established in 1956 along the Chapleau Road . From the early 1960s to mid 1970s , Highway 129 was designated as the Chapleau Route of the Trans Canada Highway . Route description Highway 129 is one of the most isolated in Ontario and among the least used of the King 's Highways . Although the highway is an important access route for several isolated communities , including Little Rapids , Sultan , unk and unk , as well as provincial parks such as Aubrey Falls , Five Mile Lake and unk Lake , the only community located directly on the highway 's route between its termini is Wharncliffe . There are few services along Highway 129 between Wharncliffe and Highway 667 . Tunnel Lake Trading Post and Aubrey Falls Trading Post Resort offer some basic goods , fuel and lodging for travelers and local residents . The route begins in the town of Thessalon at Highway 17 , north of Lake Huron . It travels northeast through the Municipality of Huron Shores , passing the Thessalon Township Heritage Museum southeast of Little Rapids . unk between Basswood Lake and the Byrnes Lake White Birch Provincial Conservation Reserve , it enters the unorganized portions of Algoma District . It passes through Wharncliffe , crosses the Mississagi River and encounters Highway 554 , which travels east to Kynoch . North of Highway 554 , the route is generally parallel to the river and Mississagi River Provincial Park . After passing west of unk Lake on its journey through completely undeveloped forest and muskeg , it reaches a junction with Highway 556 southwest of Aubrey Falls Provincial Park . Thereafter , the highway roughly follows the Wenebegon River through Wenebegon River Provincial Park to Wenebegon Lake . Highway 129 encounters the entrance to Five Mile Provincial Park and meets Highway 667 , which travels east through Sultan , becoming the Sultan Industrial Road and connecting with Highway 144 . From this junction , the route travels northwest towards Highway 101 , where drivers must turn right to continue north on the route . Both highways travel concurrently northeast for 7 . 6 kilometres ( 4 . 7 mi ) , at which point Highway 101 branches off to the east . Highway 129 continues north alongside the Sudbury White River CPR line . It ends at the southern town limits of Chapleau , continuing north as a local road through the town and into the Chapleau Crown Game Preserve , the largest game preserve in the world . History Highway 129 was first designated between Aubrey Falls and Chapleau in 1956 , following the Thessalon Chapleau Highway , a dirt road along the banks of the Mississagi River that opened to traffic on January 28 , 1949 . Though opened , this initial road was almost impassable , and certainly dangerous . Despite this , it quickly gained notoriety for its breathtaking scenery and seemingly limitless hunting and fishing potential . However , the poor condition of the road often left a terrible impression on tourists . John Austin Moore described his voyage up the road during the summer of 1951 Our first trip by car took us over the famed Chapleau Road , the scenery and unique loneliness of which have been often reported in magazines . And surely its condition not long after it had opened to travel , when we first drove it in June 1951 , was unforgettable . One trip over its 145 miles was almost guaranteed to shorten your life The route was extended south on February 27 , 1957 , absorbing the entire length of Highway 559 , itself designated in 1956 . The Highway 559 designation has since been reused in Parry Sound District . In 1961 , the partially gravel surfaced highway was designated as the Chapleau Route of the Trans Canada Highway , despite being only a spur in the network at that time . This designation lasted until as early as 1974 and as late as 1978 . Highway 129 was the last King 's Highway to be paved the section immediately south of Aubrey Falls remained a gravel road as late as 1982 . The one lane Rapid River Bridge was replaced by an adjacent two lane bridge in the second quarter of 2010 . Major intersections The following table lists the major junctions along Highway 129 , as noted by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario .
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1,816 | ( What Is ) Love is a song recorded by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez . Originally entitled What Is Love , the song appeared on the soundtrack to The Back up Plan ( 2010 ) , a film in which Lopez stars . The song was later included on Lopez 's seventh studio album Love ( 2011 ) , as the album 's title track . ( What Is ) Love is a midtempo electropop song written by Diana Wynter Gordon , with the song 's producer Emile D 'Mile Dernst II . The song is about not knowing what love is , according to Gordon . A remix of ( What Is ) Love , entitled What Is Love Part II , was produced by Jean Baptiste . It was considered for inclusion on Love and was leaked onto the internet in April 2013 . The song was due to be released as a promotional single from Love on April 26 , 2011 , but was unlocked and released on April 22 , 2011 by Island Records through a campaign on Lopez 's Facebook page . Upon its promotional release , the song debuted at number 97 on the South Korea Gaon International Chart and at 33 on the Productores de Msica de Espaa . Writing and production ( What Is ) Love written by Diana Wynter Gordon and Emile D 'Mile Dernst the latter who also produced the song . Lopez 's vocals for the song were recorded and produced by Kuk Harrell , with recording assistance from Jim Annunziato and Josh Gudwin at Conway Studios in Hollywood , California . Annunziato and Eric Eylands handled audio engineering of ( What Is ) Love , while the song was later mixed by Mike Handz Donaldson at Chalice Recording Studios in Los Angeles , California . ( What Is ) Love deals with the topic of not knowing what love is . The song 's co writer Gordon stated that I felt like so many woman have that same story . No fathers , families , abusive boyfriends and husbands .. no parental support , they feel alone .. I 've had my few relationships and have yet to feel love sic . Leak and release What Is Love was leaked onto the internet in May 2009 . Wynter Gordon , the co writer of What Is Love , expressed her dismay at the unfinished and unmastered song 's leak in a post on her official MySpace blog . She stated I wrote this song from a deep place in my heart . If the world was gonna hear it , I wanted them to hear it right ... It 's as good as gone to me now ... The story was given a Lifetime TV special instead of a movie ... sad . Gordon did note that she was dissatisfied with the circumstances , but was in no way dissing Lopez . A mastered version of What Is Love was included on the soundtrack to The Back up Plan ( 2010 ) , a film in which Lopez stars . What Is Love was re titled as ( What Is ) Love and appeared on Love ( 2011 ) . ( What Is ) Love was due to be released as a promotional single from Love on April 26 , 2011 , but was unlocked and released four days earlier , on April 22 , 2011 by through a campaign on Lopez 's Facebook page . It was released in many European countries on April 25 . Critical response The song received a positive review from Digital Spy 's Robert Copsey , who although stating that it isn 't any we haven 't heard before , Lopez carries it off with her unrivalled glamour and effortless sophistication . He concluded by stating that the song was worthy of a standalone release . Monica Herrera from Billboard commented that on the song , Lopez channels J.Lo circa 2003 . Herrera added the song would have been slayed if the gender had been flipped , and it had been sung by Justin Bieber . Joey Guerra from the Houston Chronicle said that Lopez uses ( What Is ) Love ( and the album cut Starting Over ) to play the jilted lover . Us Weekly noted the song 's lyrics to be pointing a few fingers at Lopez 's previous relationships , seen in the line dissing blind dates and the declaration of Musicians are the worst . What Is Love ( Part II ) During the first album listening party for Love in 2009 , Rap Up magazine revealed that Jean Baptiste had produced a second version of the song called What Is Love ( Part II ) . It was considered for included on the album but ultimately did not make the final track listing . It samples the club friendly riff of Edwin Starr 's 1970 single War . What Is Love Part II was leaked onto the internet on April 20 , 2013 . According to Jessica Sager of PopCrush , it picks up where the original song left off . Sager wrote that the song likely isn 't about Marc Anthony but for those new to the song , it 's surely easy to interpret it as such . Lopez gets pretty revealing in the new song , addressing a divorce directly and explicitly . Credits and personnel Credits adapted from the liner notes of Love . Charts
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1,817 | Loved is a browser based platform video game developed by Alexander Ocias , an Australian graphic designer and artist . Written in Adobe Flash , the game was built over the course of about half a year in Ocias ' spare time . Released online on 14 June 2010 onto various game hosting websites , it has garnered sizeable praise and scrutiny since its release , with critics finding the game to be thought provoking while having poor controls . Gameplay A narrator first asks players , are you a man , or a woman Players who select man are instead told they are a girl . Similarly , players who select woman are called a boy . Navigation is by arrow keys , which also control the ability to jump and duck . The narrator instructs players intermittently , sometimes to achieve goals but often to suggest actions that will kill the player character ( such as falling into a pit full of spikes ) . Players are sometimes , but not always , congratulated when following these instructions , while dissenting the narrator results in a barrage of insults . Both the player character and environment are in stark black and white , with a colourful motif appearing if the character disobeys the narrator 's instructions , or the visuals becoming more detailed but still in monochrome if the character decides to be compliant . Development Loved was built over the course of about half a year , transforming from the exploration genre to a unk and building based adventure game before settling on the platform genre . Ocias worked on the game intermittently in his spare time , using his bit of self taught programming knowledge to code it . Although no libraries were used during development , Ocias expressed that he wished that he had during the end of production . Research was taken into achieving certain little fiddly things , Ocias explained , such as generating the text elements and instructing Flash to read his tile maps . According to Ocias , the main themes of Loved were of dominance and power , but to provide a fuller answer would defy the point of the game . His intentions in making the game were to get people to think about the games they were playing a direction he found much of the video game industry shying away from . The confrontational aspect of the game was motivated by two aspects primarily to use the resource of emotions invoked by its risk and reward mechanic and secondly to absorb the awareness of people online . Expanding upon his inspirations , Ocias cited individual games such as The Last Guardian and Deus Ex Human Revolution , along with companies such as Thatgamecompany and Eidos Montreal , as showing greater depth to video games as well as experimentation and research . Ocias ultimately stated that while he dislikes force feeding players , he would try to take a different approach both mechanically and thematically for his next game . Release and reception Loved was published as freeware onto Newgrounds and Kongregate , as well as Ocias 's official website , on 14 June 2010 . Since its release , the game has received sizeable praise and scrutiny from players , with some responding unk over it . Duncan unk of Wired dubbed it great high brow lunchtime gaming that exploits the paradox of video games being supposedly a better medium than music and films , despite most gamers being compliant by design . Writing for Rock , Paper , Shotgun , Kieron Gillen called the atmosphere genuinely oppressive and the game 's unk between free will and control really quite excellent . A review in the Italian magazine Dude named it one of their top 16 favourite independent games . In interviewing Ocias , Justin unk of Gamasutra called the experience of playing the game challenging of the assumptions people may hold about the respective weight of narrative and play mechanics . Kris unk of PopMatters called the controls frustrating and only just playable , but disregarded this as all it needs in order to work . Chris unk of Kill Screen found the game provoking of gut reactions and noted a sexual undercurrent throughout it . Referred to by Gillen , Michael Rose of IndieGames.com called the controls a little wonky , but concluded that it was definitely worth giving a go . Tim W. of the same website ranked the game second place of the top 10 browser platformers of 2010 . Rose later published in his book 250 Indie Games You Must Play that the game is worth playing twice to see the alternative endings based on the player 's decisions . Writing for the official website of G4 , Brittany Vincent called the game especially curious in its depiction of a dominant and submissive relationship and a fantastic case of the medium pushing the margins of human emotion .
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1,818 | The Flannan Isles ( Scottish Gaelic Na h Eileanan unk , pronounced n unk unk an unk ) or alternatively , the Seven Hunters are a small island group in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland , approximately 32 kilometres ( 20 mi ) west of the Isle of Lewis . They may take their name from Saint Flannan , the seventh century Irish preacher and abbot . The islands have been devoid of permanent residents since the automation of Flannan Isles Lighthouse in 1971 . They are the location of an enduring mystery that occurred in December 1900 , when all three lighthouse keepers vanished without trace . Geography The islands are split into three groups the main cluster of rocks that lie to the northeast include the two principal islands of Eilean Mr ( Big Isle ) , which is approximately 17 . 5 hectares ( 43 acres ) in extent , and Eilean Taighe ( House Isle ) to the south lie unk ( Eastward Isle ) and Sgeir unk while the main western outcrops are Eilean a ' unk ( Isle of the Blacksmith ) , unk ( which has a natural rock arch ) , and unk unk ( Sad Sunk Rock ) . The total land area amounts to approximately 50 hectares ( 120 acres ) and the highest point is 88 metres ( 289 ft ) above sea level on Eilean Mr . The geology consists of a dark breccia of gabbros and unk intruding Archaean gneiss . In prehistoric times , the area was covered by ice sheets that spread from Scotland out into the Atlantic Ocean . After the last retreat of the ice circa 20 , 000 years BP , sea levels were as much as 122 metres ( 400 ft ) lower than at present and it is likely that the existing islands were part of a much larger land mass , although still separated from the Outer Hebrides by many miles of open water . Steadily rising sea levels thereafter would have reduced the land remaining above sea level to its present extent . There are two possible landing places for yachts visiting Eilean Mr to the east and west , although this may be hazardous given the regular heavy swells . History As the name implies , Eilean Taighe hosts a ruined stone shelter . Eilean Mr is home to the lighthouse and a ruined chapel dedicated to St. Flannan , which the lighthouse keepers referred to as the dog kennel because of its small size . These ruined bothies were described collectively by the Ancient Monuments Commission as The unk of the Clan McPhail , or unk Chlann ic unk . It is not entirely clear which St. Flannan the chapel honours . It is likely that the honoree was either the seventh century Abbot of Killaloe in County Clare or alternatively , the half brother of the eighth century St. Ronan who gave his name to the nearby island of North Rona . There was also a certain Flann , son of an Abbot of Iona , called Maol unk , who died in 890 and may have loaned his name to these isolated isles . The archipelago also is known as ' The Seven Hunters ' . During the Middle Ages they also may have been called the ' Seven Haley ( Holy ) Isles ' . Martin Martin ( 1703 ) lists a number of unusual customs associated with regular pilgrimages to Eilean Mr , such as removing one 's hat and making a unk turn when reaching the plateau . It is possible that the saint or his acolytes lived on Eilean Mr and perhaps , on Eilean Taighe as well . It is unlikely , however , that there were permanent residents on the islands once the Celtic Church fell into decline in the Hebrides ( as a result of ninth century Viking invasions ) , until the construction of the lighthouse and its occupation very shortly before the dawn of the twentieth century . Flannan Isles Lighthouse was built near the highest point on Eilean Mr for the Northern Lighthouse Board between 1895 and 1899 . In 1900 , its three keepers disappeared without trace , causing much public attention and speculation . The lighthouse is no longer occupied after it was automated in 1971 . Wildlife The isles provide nesting for a population of seabirds , including Atlantic puffins , northern fulmars , European storm petrels , Leach 's petrels , common shag , and black legged kittiwakes . There is a gannetry on unk . From the late Middle Ages on , unk regularly raided these nests for eggs , birds , and feathers . There is a population of rabbits , brought to the islands by the lighthouse keepers , and crofters from Bernera graze sheep on the most fertile islands . unk and pilot whales , as well as Risso 's and other species of dolphin are commonly observed in the vicinity . The islands became a Site of Special Scientific Interest in December 1983 . In fiction The Flannan Isles , Eilean Mr in particular , feature prominently as the location of a murder central to the plot of Coffin Road , a 2016 novel by Peter May . They also feature in Neil Gunn 's epic novel The Silver unk .
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1,819 | Interstate 780 ( I 780 ) is an Interstate Highway in the San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California . It serves to connect Interstate 80 in Vallejo with Interstate 680 just north of the Benicia Martinez Bridge in Benicia . Originally , this segment was part of I 680 before that Interstate was extended and rerouted to Fairfield . The city maintained Curtola Parkway continues west from I 80 to State Route 29 in Vallejo . Route description The Interstate 780 state maintained freeway begins at Lemon Street and Curtola Parkway , quickly crossing underneath I 80 at a cloverleaf interchange . The freeway passes through parts of unincorporated Solano County , then heads southeast along the Benicia State Recreation Area ( a marsh ) . It then bypasses downtown Benicia through the hills to the north . I 780 ends at I 680 at the north end of the Benicia Martinez Bridge , with I 680 heading south through the East Bay to San Jose . History By 1914 , a paved county road connected Vallejo and Benicia north of the Carquinez Strait , following the present Maine Street , Benicia Road , Columbus Parkway , and K Street . Although state highways were designated to Benicia in 1910 ( Legislative Route ( LRN ) 7 , now I 680 ) and Vallejo in 1931 ( LRN 74 , now SR 29 ) , this connection was not added until 1935 , when LRN 74 ( an unsigned designation ) was extended east from Vallejo to Benicia and north along former Route 7 to Fairfield . ( A short spur connecting Vallejo to the Carquinez Bridge was added to Route 74 in 1937 . ) LRN 74 initially entered Benicia on K Street and left on East Fifth Street , making several turns in between . Two realignments were built in the 1940s , reducing the number of turns to one , at the corner of L and East Second Streets . On September 15 , 1955 , the Bureau of Public Roads approved the Interstate Highway System spurs and connections in urban areas . Among these was a loop around the San Francisco Bay , soon numbered I 280 and I 680 . The east half ( I 680 ) incorporated a number of existing legislative routes , including Routes 69 , 108 , 107 , 75 , and 74 , crossing the Carquinez Strait on the proposed Benicia Martinez Bridge and ending at I 80 near downtown Vallejo . The first piece of this freeway north of the Carquinez Strait was at the I 80 cloverleaf interchange , built in the late 1950s when I 80 was upgraded through Vallejo . This was an extremely short roadway , beginning at Lemon Street , crossing under I 80 and Laurel Street , and ending at Reis Avenue and Cedar Street . In about 1960 , it was extended east to the old highway ( Columbus Parkway ) between the cities , and was completed to the new bridge in about 1962 , the year the bridge opened . In the 1964 renumbering , the legislative designation of the completed Vallejo Benicia freeway was changed from Route 74 to Route 680 , reflecting its Interstate designation . The short piece of non freeway in Vallejo , extending west from I 80 to SR 29 , became State Route 141 . This route followed Benicia Road and Maine Street , the same alignment the state highway had always taken it initially connected with I 780 via Lemon Street , but later followed Benicia Road from I 80 north of I 780 . In 1975 , a proposed ( and never constructed ) extension west and north to SR 37 east of the Napa River was added to Route 141 . The route was to be the Waterfront Freeway , scaled down to a boulevard in 1974 . The Federal Highway Administration approved a relocation of I 680 onto the State Route 21 freeway between Benicia and Fairfield in July 1973 . To keep the route to Vallejo in the Interstate system , it was renumbered I 780 the corresponding legislative changes were made in 1976 . As part of the project to construct a new northbound Benicia Martinez Bridge , the I 680 I 780 interchange was rebuilt the new span opened in August 2007 . Route 141 was deleted from the state highway system in 1988 , soon after the city of Vallejo constructed Curtola Parkway over ( replacing Maryland Street ) just to the south , directly connecting I 780 with a surface road to SR 29 . Exit list Except where prefixed with a letter , postmiles were measured on the road as it was in 1964 , based on the alignment of Route 680 as it existed at that time , and do not necessarily reflect current mileage . R reflects a realignment in the route since then , M indicates a second realignment , L refers an overlap due to a correction or change , and T indicates postmiles classified as temporary ( for a full list of prefixes , see the list of postmile definitions ) . Segments that remain unconstructed or have been relinquished to local control may be omitted . The entire route is in Solano County .
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1,820 | The April 6 8 , 2006 , tornado outbreak was a major tornado outbreak in the central and parts of the southern United States that began on April 6 , 2006 , in the Great Plains and continued until April 8 in South Carolina , with most of the activity on April 7 . The hardest hit area was Middle Tennessee where several strong tornadoes devastated entire neighborhoods and left ten people dead . The worst damage took place in Gallatin , Tennessee . Other communities north of Nashville were also hard hit . There were 73 tornadoes confirmed across 13 states , with the bulk of them coming on the afternoon and evening of April 7 across the South , particularly in Tennessee . In total , 10 deaths were reported as a result of the tornadoes , and over 650 million in damage was reported , of which over 630 million was in Middle Tennessee . It was the third major outbreak of 2006 , occurring just days after another major outbreak on April 2 . It was also considered to be the worst disaster event in Middle Tennessee since the Nashville Tornadoes of 1998 on April 16 , 1998 . Meteorological synopsis The outbreak took place as a result of a powerful low pressure system over the Midwest that produced a powerful cold front that tracked eastward across the South , which combined with warm , humid air from the Gulf of Mexico to allow severe thunderstorms to form , particularly on April 7 . The Storm Prediction Center issued a high risk for severe weather for both April 6 and 7 in the areas likely to be affected . Conditions were favorable for an extremely strong tornado outbreak on both days . Activity was not as great as expected on April 6 , with only 13 tornadoes confirmed , mostly in Kansas . Several of the tornadoes were damaging , but no fatalities and only a few injuries were reported . The reason for the relatively modest activity was due to the more stable than expected air mass that day over the region , with lower unk and less wind shear despite the absence of a cap which would have otherwise allowed a massive outbreak . , Things changed the next day in the South as the system moved eastward , with the cold front entering a more conducive environment . The increased wind shear , combined with the high heat and humidity , allowed tornadoes to begin forming in the late morning and continued throughout the afternoon , evening and even into the overnight hours . By the end of the day , a total of 48 tornadoes developed . Several of them caused significant damage , and even loss of life . The worst tornadoes hit Middle Tennessee , where 12 people were killed . In addition to the tornadoes , there have been many reports of hail as large as softballs and reports of powerful microbursts and straight line winds , as well as local flooding . Extensive damage was also reported in the northern suburbs of Atlanta , Georgia as the storms reached that area overnight into the early morning of April 8 . Despite a lower risk of activity on April 8 , the severe weather continued in Alabama , South Carolina and Georgia ( mostly in the early morning hours ) with another 13 tornadoes reported before the outbreak finally ended as the system moved offshore into the Atlantic Ocean . Over the three day period , 73 tornadoes were confirmed . The high number of overall tornadoes is exaggerated , however , by the fact that most were weak F0 or F1 tornadoes . Confirmed tornadoes Aftermath On the night after the tornado hit Gallatin , there were many reports of looting in the devastated community . A nightly curfew was required to combat the looting and maintain order in the community . There were a total of 23 arrests made . The United States National Guard was called in after the tornado hit to help with security and the removal of the excessive debris . It would take 10 days for Volunteer State Community College to re open after the tornado hit . The City of Hendersonville did not have tornado sirens at the time of the tornado , but the city installed some soon after the storm . On September 26 , the Greater Nashville Regional Council awarded the authorities involved in the recovery ( including the municipalities of Sumner County ) the Marshall S. Stuart Memorial Award for outstanding intergovernmental cooperation after the tornado . The quick response by other local authorities , counties and cities was congratulated . In early October , an episode of Extreme Makeover Home Edition featured a family from Hendersonville that had their home being rebuilt after it was destroyed by the tornado . However , insurance issues plus personal injuries held back the recovery for many , and some neighborhoods have been slow to recover . Nonetheless , many homes have been rebuilt in the area . Images
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1,821 | Tropical Storm Karina was a weak , short lived tropical cyclone that developed during the 2008 Pacific hurricane season . The 12th tropical cyclone and 11th named storm of the season , it originated out of a tropical wave in the North Atlantic hurricane basin . The wave entered the Pacific Ocean on August 30 and spawned an area of low pressure off the western coast of Mexico on the morning of September 1 . The low had become sufficiently organized to be declared a tropical depression the next morning . The depression quickly developed into a tropical storm later in the morning , at which time it was named Karina and reached its peak intensity of 40 miles per hour ( 65 km h ) with a minimum pressure of 1000 mbar ( hPa 29 . 54 inHg ) . Later that day , after being classified a tropical storm for 12 hours , wind shear weakened the storm to a depression on September 3 and it dissipated shortly thereafter . Meteorological history Tropical Storm Karina originated from the southern portion of the tropical wave a tropical wave is an elongated low pressure area embedded within the easterly trade winds that also spawned Hurricane Gustav in the Caribbean Sea . The wave crossed Central America and entered the eastern Pacific basin on August 28 . After two days , the wave spawned an area of low pressure south of Manzanillo , Mexico . The low was located beneath an area of moderate convection , but was nearing cooler waters and a moist , yet stable , air mass . By later that night , a low level circulation developed partially underneath deep thunderstorm activity . In an area favorable for development , a tropical cyclone formation alert was issued on September 2 . However , strong easterly shear separated the showers and thunderstorms from the center of circulation . Despite the shear , sufficient convection developed around the center the National Hurricane Center ( NHC ) classified it a tropical depression at 0600 UTC , while centered about 390 miles ( 630 km ) south of the southern tip of Baja California . The NHC initially did not recognize the system as a tropical depression and did not initiate advisories on it until several hours later . The depression quickly intensified into a tropical storm due to a brief relaxation of the wind shear and was given the name Karina while located about 25 mi ( 40 km ) north of Socorro Island . Karina was located to the south of a weakening mid level ridge , leading to a relatively slow west northwest movement at 9 mph ( 15 km h ) . Upon becoming a tropical storm , Karina reached its peak with winds of 40 mph ( 65 km h ) . There was uncertainty as to the intensity of the storm , as the Dvorak technique a system used to estimate the intensity of a tropical cyclone rendered an intensity of 50 mph ( 80 km h ) but because the center of the storm had just moved under the deep convection , the winds were held at minimal tropical storm intensity . That night , 12 hours after being declared a tropical storm , Karina was downgraded to a tropical depression . Strong easterly wind shear of at least 25 mph ( 40 km h ) tore away the deep convection that previously surrounded Karina . Karina was moving into a stable environment over cooling waters which would prevent convection from redeveloping , despite a forecast of lessening wind shear . The forward motion gradually decreased . By the morning of September 3 , convection had been sheared 125 mi ( 200 km ) from the center of circulation , leaving only a swirl of clouds . Karina degenerated into a remnant low pressure area later that morning and the NHC issued their final advisory . The remnant low quickly dissipated that afternoon . Preparations and impact When the National Hurricane Center issued its first advisory on Karina , the storm was near the island of Socorro . There were no known preparations taken before the storm , as the island is mainly a natural reserve and the only inhabitants reside in a military base . On Clarion Island , residents took minor actions to prepare for possible impact from the storm . Officials advised residents to cancel all coastal activities and comply with advice from the National Civil Protection . Small crafts were advised to exercise extreme caution . In Cabo San Lucas , officials closed the port due to high waves produced by Karina small crafts such as water taxis and jet skis were to remain at the port . Port officials in Oaxaca and Chiapas advised boaters of strong winds , rain , and low visibility that they may encounter when nearing the seas around Karina . Despite the proximity to Socorro , no damage was reported and Karina remained far enough away from Clarion that there was no impact on the island . There were no ship reports of tropical storm force winds .
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1,822 | Spring of Life is a song by Japanese girl group Perfume from their fourth studio album Level3 ( 2013 ) . The song was released as the album 's lead single on 11 April 2012 . It was written , composed and produced by Yasutaka Nakata . The song is a dance track , which features instrumentation from synthesizers and keyboards . Spring of Life is the group 's first offering after departing from Tokuma Japan Communications and signing with Universal Music Japan . Spring of Life received positive reviews from music critics , whom complimented the song 's production and composition . Despite peaking at number two on the Oricon Singles Chart , it became the group 's third single to top the Billboard Japan Hot 100 . An album version of the track was re composed and re arranged by Nakata for the parent album . Yusuke Tanaka directed the accompanying music video for the single , which shows Perfume as robots and dancing with fairy lights around them . Perfume have performed the song in a number of live performances throughout Japan . Background and composition Japanese producer and Capsule musician Yasutaka Nakata had written , arranged and composed the song . Nakata has collaborated with all of Perfume 's records and songs from 2003 onwards . It was recorded in Tokyo , Japan and was mixed and mastered by Nakata . It is a dance song that fuses musical elements of techno , electronic music and pop music , and incorporates instrumentation from a drum machine , synthesizer and keyboards . This was Nataka 's first single to be produced within the label since Meg 's single Passport Paris in 2010 . Reception Spring of Life received favorable reviews from most music critics . Writing for Land of Rising , Alex Shenmue favored the well done mix of the album version and felt it was a clear improvement that you ll hardly come back to the single version after hearing this new mix . Patrick St. Michael , writing for The Japan Times , said the composition wasn 't an improvement but commented that it was simple , catchy pop . Selective Hearing 's writer Nia selected Spring of Life as an album stand out , favoring the bridge section of the song . Ian Martin , who had written their extended biography at Allmusic , had highlighted the song as an album and career standout . The song only charted in Japan . Reaching number two on the Oricon Singles Chart , it became the group 's sixth consecutive single to stall at number two . The following singles Spending All My Time and Mirai no Museum peaked at two , while the fourth single Magic of Love reached number three . The track peaked at number one on the Japan Hot 100 , making it the group 's third single to reach the top spot and their first since their 2009 single One Room Disco . In April 2012 , Spring of Life was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan ( RIAJ ) in for shipments of 100 , 000 units in Japan . Release and promotion Selected as the lead single of Level3 , the song was distributed digitally at Chaku Uta on February 29 , 2012 . Two CD singles were issued a standalone CD which included the b side Communication and a bonus DVD version . The title track had already been chosen as the CM song for Kirin Chu hai unk . The b side Communication was chosen as the CM song for unk Pure Gummy candy . The official music video was directed by Japanese director Yusuke Tanaka . The video features Perfume as robots , controlled by an automated computer to perform human like interactions such as eating , dancing , smiling and crying . Some verses and the choruses feature the group dancing to the song . It ends with member Nocchi pulling the power plug from member A chan 's back , shutting down the computer and Perfume . The members stated that they found it interesting to try and imitate the image of themselves as robots and dolls and found the choreography to be the most powerful that they 've done so far . Perfume had included the album version of the track to their Perfume 4th Tour in unk unk tour , which features the members in blue dresses . It was featured on the DVD version of the concert and uploaded on their YouTube channel . Track listing All songs written and composed by Yasutaka Nakata . Credits and personnel Details adapted from the liner notes of the Spring of Life CD single . Song credits Ayano moto ( Nocchi ) vocals Yuka Kashino ( Kashiyuka ) vocals Ayaka Nishiwaki ( A Chan ) vocals Yasutaka Nakata producer , composer , arranger , mixing , mastering . Visual credits Yusuke Tanaka director Takahiko Kajima video producer Kazunali Tajima camera Mikiko choreographer Charts , peaks and positions Release history
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1,823 | State Route 513 ( SR 513 ) is a 3 . 35 mile long ( 5 . 39 km ) state highway in the U.S. state of Washington , located entirely within the city of Seattle in King County . The highway travels north as Montlake Boulevard from an interchange with SR 520 and over the Montlake Bridge to the University of Washington campus in the University District . SR 513 continues past University Village before it turns northeast onto Sand Point Way and ends at the entrance to Magnuson Park in the Sand Point neighborhood . SR 513 was created during the 1964 state highway renumbering as the successor to Secondary State Highway 1J ( SSH 1J ) , itself created in 1937 and traveling from Downtown Seattle to Lake City . Sections of SSH 1J , including Madison Street from Downtown to Capitol Hill , date as far back as 1854 . Most sections of the highway were built in the 1890s and 1900s in preparation for the Alaska Yukon Pacific Exposition , which took place on the University of Washington campus in 1909 . SR 513 was shortened in 1971 to its present southern terminus , the interchange with SR 520 in Montlake , and to an interchange with Interstate 5 ( I 5 ) on the Seattle Shoreline city border . In 1991 , the highway was truncated to its current northern terminus at Magnuson Park , eliminating its route through Lake City and much of North Seattle . Route description SR 513 begins at the intersection of Montlake Boulevard and Lake Washington Boulevard in the Montlake neighborhood of Seattle , part of a partial cloverleaf interchange with SR 520 . The highway travels north on Montlake Boulevard and crosses the Montlake Cut section of the Lake Washington Ship Canal on the 320 foot long ( 98 m ) Montlake Bridge . The bascule drawbridge is designated as a city landmark and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1982 . SR 513 continues north through the University of Washington campus within the University District and passes Husky Stadium and the Hec unk Pavilion before it becomes parallel to the Burke Gilman Trail . The highway turns east onto 45th Street and Sand Point Way at the University Village shopping mall and enters the Sand Point neighborhood near Seattle Children 's Hospital . SR 513 continues northeast along the Burke Gilman Trail past the Seattle branch of the National Archives before the highway ends at an intersection with 65th Street west of Magnuson Park . Every year , the Washington State Department of Transportation ( WSDOT ) conducts a series of surveys on its highways in the state to measure traffic volume . This is expressed in terms of average annual daily traffic ( AADT ) , which is a measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year . In 2011 , WSDOT calculated that the busiest section of SR 513 was within the University of Washington campus , serving 41 , 000 vehicles , while the least busiest section was its northern terminus at Magnuson Park , serving 14 , 000 vehicles . The entire route of SR 513 is part of the National Highway System , identifying it as important to the national economy , defense , and mobility . History SSH 1J , the predecessor to SR 513 , was added to the state highway system in 1937 and traveled 13 . 40 miles ( 21 . 57 km ) within the city of Seattle on streets that have existed since the 19th century . Madison Street , which carries SSH 1J from its southern terminus at U.S. Route 99 in Downtown to Capitol Hill was built in 1864 by local judge John J. unk to connect his homestead at Madison Park to downtown . Other streets carrying SSH 1J , including 23rd and 24th Avenues towards Montlake , Montlake Boulevard through the University District , and Sand Point Way towards Sand Point were built during the early 1890s as the city of Seattle expanded . The rest of SSH 1J , traveling northwest from Naval Station Puget Sound at Sand Point through Lake City to US 99 on the border between Seattle and Shoreline via Roosevelt Way and 145th Street was constructed by the late 1900s to serve the University of Washington campus , site of the Alaska Yukon Pacific Exposition in 1909 . SSH 1J was replaced by SR 513 during the 1964 state highway renumbering and codified in 1970 on its original route , connecting Downtown Seattle to Montlake and Lake City . In 1971 , SR 513 was shortened to 9 . 22 miles ( 14 . 84 km ) by moving its southern terminus to an interchange with SR 520 in Montlake and its northern terminus to an interchange with I 5 at 145th Street . The highway was further shortened , to its present length of 3 . 35 miles ( 5 . 39 km ) , in 1991 by moving its northern terminus from I 5 to Magnuson Park at the site of the former Naval Station Puget Sound . Major intersections The entire highway is in Seattle , King County .
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1,824 | My Life with Master is an independently published role playing game written by Paul Czege and published by Half Meme Press ( it was first released at the 2003 Gen Con gaming convention ) . My Life with Master is a game about role playing the servants or minions of an evil Master or Mistress . The game is still in print ( as of May 2012 ) , and is available in printed book format or as a PDF file download from the publisher . Gameplay The prototypical setting of the role playing game is in an unspecified Central European country in the early 19th century . Players in the game portray the Igor like minions of an evil Master ( or Mistress ) who preys on the nearby Townsfolk . Like most role playing games , there is a unk ( GM ) . In this case the GM plays the part of the Master . However , the GM and players together are supposed to design the Master , in terms of defining his Wants , Needs , Aspect , and Type . These traits have no explicit mechanical effect , but are used to define the desires and mannerisms of the Master and how he interacts with the Townsfolk and his minions . Masters have two game statistics , Fear ( a measure of his power over minions ) and Reason ( how much minions and Townsfolk can resist the Master 's control over them ) . In contrast , the Master 's minions , the characters portrayed by the players , are defined ( in terms of game statistics ) by their levels of Weariness and Self loathing , and the connections of Love that they have ( successfully or unsuccessfully ) tried to make with the Townsfolk . Self loathing is a measure of the power that a minion has to intimidate the Townsfolk , while Weariness limits their abilities to complete their tasks . Love allows minions to resist their Master and his demands on them . Gameplay is generally resolved through a series of scenes . A player describes what their minion is trying to do , be it carrying out their Master 's wishes or trying to resist him , interacting with the Townsfolk , attempting an act of Love ( which could result in increasing their Love trait , or increasing their Self loathing if the attempt fails ) , etc . A series of dice rolls are used to determine success or failure , and then the scene is played out according to that outcome . Unlike other role playing games that may have long campaigns , My Life with Master games are typically designed to end after a small number of playing sessions . As one reviewer stated , My Life with Master strives to tell a story , and stories have endings . Usually , a game culminates with the death of the Master at the hands of one ( or more ) of his minions . Sometimes , the Master dies because the Townsfolk are sick of his predations and storm his domicile pitchforks in hand and torches aflame . Some or all of the players ' characters might also meet their end in the hands of the Townsfolk , or the Master kills them as they try to resist his commands and suffer the consequences of their failure . Critical reception My Life with Master won the 2004 Diana Jones Award . In addition , it also won the 2003 Out of the Box Award for Best Sui unk RPG and the 2003 Indie Roleplaying Game of the Year . Steve Darlington , in his review , stated that even if you never play this game , you will be smarter simply for having read it since it quickly becomes hard to distinguish Czege 's choice of attributes from a high level academic deconstruction of the character tropes in gothic horror films at a level which could easily be found on a college reading list . He also said that it is one of the very few horror games that may actually need disclaimers , and maybe even safe words too for its darker subtext about escaping from abusive relationships . According to Heather unk Czege writes with wit and doesn 't fear to let his understanding of game theory shine through . Colin Theriot 's illustrations evoke exactly the right mood for the setting and are enjoyable as stand alone art . Reviewer Matthew Pook warned that Despite the simplicity of the game mechanics ... they are not as clearly written as they need to be ... The GM will need to make a close read of the otherwise well written text to help grasp how the outcome of a scene will alter a minion 's statistics . He concluded his review stating although not going to be everyone 's cup of tea , My Life With Master is the most interesting roleplaying game released this year 2003 and perhaps the most challenging . Game designer Greg Costikyan has praised My Life with Master for the way it evokes emotions and feelings rare in games , and considers it to work in part because the Gothic horror theme has a defined narrative arc hubris and terror , followed by a fall .
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1,825 | Severe Tropical Storm Cecil in May 1989 caused devastating floods in central Vietnam , killing 751 people . The storm developed as a tropical depression over the South China Sea on May 22 . Tracking north northwestward , the system steadily intensified , attaining peak winds of 110 km h ( 70 mph ) . The Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) assessed Cecil to have been slightly stronger with one minute sustained winds of 140 km h ( 85 mph ) . The storm made landfall near Hoi An , Vietnam late on May 24 and quickly weakened . The system later dissipated over Laos on May 26 . In Vietnam , heavy rains accompanied the storm , amounting to over 510 mm ( 20 in ) in some areas , triggered catastrophic and deadly flooding . Widespread structural and agricultural losses took place in addition to the significant loss of life , with damage estimated at 300 billion ( 71 . 7 million ) . In the wake of the flooding , some international aid was sent to Vietnam , though most relief work was conducted by the nation 's government , local agencies , and the Red Cross . Meteorological history On May 20 , following Typhoon Brenda 's passage through the South China Sea , a monsoon trough extending from the area into the Bay of Bengal received enhanced low level southwesterly flow . An environment of weak wind shear in the wake of the typhoon allowed a new area of low pressure to form within the southwesterly flow on May 21 . With convection becoming persistent and the system 's overall presentation more organized by May 22 , the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert at 0300 UTC . Around this time , the Japan Meteorological Agency ( JMA ) classified the system as a tropical depression . Later that day , convection wrapped entirely around the center of circulation this structural improvement , combined with nearby surface observations , prompted the JTWC to designate the system as Tropical Storm Cecil . Initially , Cecil was forecast to maintain a northward track into a weakness in a subtropical ridge left behind by Typhoon Brenda however , Cecil turned westward on May 23 due to another ridge over China . With favorable atmospheric conditions , Cecil continued to intensify through May 24 . By 0600 UTC , a ragged 75 km ( 45 mi ) wide eye developed over the center of circulation , indicating it had become a typhoon . The storm ultimately attained peak winds of 140 km h ( 85 mph ) while situated just off the coast of central Vietnam . However , the JMA reported Cecil to have been slightly weaker , classifying it as a severe tropical storm with ten minute sustained winds of 110 km h ( 70 mph ) . Around 1800 UTC , the storm made landfall near Hoi An with winds of 130 km h ( 80 mph ) . Once onshore , Cecil quickly weakened to a tropical depression . Turning slightly to the west northwest , the remnants of Cecil continued inland before dissipating over eastern Laos early on May 26 . Impact and aftermath In addition to the considerable losses that took place in Vietnam , Cecil also produced heavy rains in Laos and northeastern Thailand , resulting in flooding and crop damage . Vietnam Tropical Storm Cecil was regarded as the worst storm to strike Vietnam in 50 years . In some areas , rainfall exceeded 510 mm ( 20 in ) . Approximately 105 , 600 hectares of rice and other crops were destroyed and another 78 , 300 hectares were otherwise inundated . About 7 , 500 metric tons of rice seeds were also lost . The hardest hit areas were in Qung Nam Province , where damage reached 300 billion ( 71 . 7 million ) . The storm destroyed at least 10 , 000 homes were destroyed and damaged another 27 , 000 buildings , leaving an estimated 336 , 000 people homeless . Approximately 60 percent of the forests and forestry nurseries in the province were ruined . By June 5 , 151 people were confirmed dead across the country with another 600 missing . Eventually , the death toll was revised to 751 as all missing persons were considered dead . In the wake of the storm , Vietnamese soldiers were deployed to rescue survivors . Local police forces were also stepped up to prevent looting . On June 5 government also requested international assistance to deal with the scale of the disaster . However , this was later retracted on June 16 , though spontaneous donations were appreciated . The governments of Australia and France provided Vietnam with 75 , 188 and 73 , 964 in funds respectively . Additionally , the Swedish Red Cross donated clothing , which was later distributed by the local Red Cross along with medicine and relief supplies . A total of 52 million ( 124 , 000 ) worth of funds and relief supplies , including 1 , 600 m ( 5 , 200 ft ) of fabric , and two tons of clothing , was sent to Quang Nam province .
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1,826 | Oh , What a Knight is a 1910 American silent short drama produced by the Thanhouser Company . The film follows a young woman , named May Brandon , who dreams a medieval fantasy in which she is wooed , rescued and married by a loyal knight . When she awakes , she dismisses her fianc and tells him of her dream . He decides to become the knight of her dreams and dresses as one , but the experience is unpleasant and ruins her fantasy . There are no known staff or cast credits for the film , but a surviving film still shows three actors . The film was released on October 18 , 1910 and was met with praise by The New York Dramatic Mirror . The film had a wide national release and was also shown in Canada , but is now presumed lost . Plot Though the film is presumed lost , a synopsis survives in The Moving Picture World from October 22 , 1910 . It states May Brandon is a young woman of the present day who finds that the course of true love can sometimes run too smooth . She is engaged to the man of her choice , but no one objects . In fact , there is not the slightest opposition to her marriage in any quarter . And , being a woman , she does not like it . Perhaps she would have been married in the orthodox way had it not been for a dream that she had . In her sleep she found herself a beautiful young woman , persecuted because she was loyal to the knight she had selected . Her father was obdurate , and finally practically made her a prisoner in his gloomy old castle . Her sweetheart called with a rope ladder . They escaped , and after a number of thrilling adventures were married , and presumably lived happy forever afterwards . When May awoke , she was more discontented than ever . She flouted her fianc , and returned his ring and swore she would never marry him . But finally she told him of her dream , and he won forgiveness by promising to run away with her like the knight of her dreams . Being a man of his word , he did . But the romance all faded out of it . The adventures they passed through were not to the woman 's liking , and her experience convinced her that swashbuckling knights are as much out of date as are stagecoaches . Production The writer of the scenario is unknown , but it was most likely Lloyd Lonergan . He was an experienced newspaperman employed by The New York Evening World while writing scripts for the Thanhouser productions . The film director is unknown , but it may have been Barry O 'Neil . Film historian Q. David Bowers does not attribute a cameraman for this production , but at least two possible candidates exist . Blair Smith was the first cameraman of the Thanhouser company , but he was soon joined by Carl Louis Gregory who had years of experience as a still and motion picture photographer . The role of the cameraman was uncredited in 1910 productions . The cast credits are unknown , but many 1910 Thanhouser productions are fragmentary . In late 1910 , the Thanhouser company released a list of the important personalities in their films . The list includes G.W. Abbe , Justus D. Barnes , Frank H. Crane , Irene Crane , Marie Eline , Violet Heming , Martin J. Faust , Thomas Fortune , George Middleton , Grace Moore , John W. Noble , Anna Rosemond , Mrs. George Walters . A surviving film still gives the possibility of identifying three of the actors in the film . Release and reception The single reel drama , approximately 1 , 000 feet long , was released on October 18 , 1910 . The film is known to have had a wide national release , with showing theaters in South Dakota , New Hampshire , Oklahoma , Kansas , Pennsylvania , Indiana , Maryland , Nebraska , North Carolina , Montana , and Missouri . The film was also shown in Vancouver , Canada by the Province Theatre . The Moving Picture News and The Moving Picture World were both neutral in their review of the film , giving neither specific praise nor criticism of the production . The New York Dramatic Mirror review was positive This idea has been used quite recently in an Independent film , but not nearly so effectively as in the hands of the capable Thanhouser players . They give the farcical events an air of reality that goes far to strengthen the comical results . ... She insists on her lover rigging himself up in knightly costume and carrying her off on a horse to be married . The absurdity of this business in modern times is not made as much of as might have been , but it brings plenty of laughter . The actress who played the part of the girl marred her work by turning too often to face the camera . She is very pretty and attractive but she should not permit it to appear that she is so well aware of her beauty . Some advertisements by theaters heavily promoted the comedy aspect of the film with generic quips .
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1,827 | Por Debajo de la Mesa ( Underneath the Table ) is a song written by Armando Manzanero and performed by Mexican recording artist Luis Miguel . Arranged by Bebu Silvetti , it was one of the two original compositions written for Miguel 's fifteenth studio album Romances . It was released as the lead single from the album on 15 July 1997 and it became his thirteenth number one single on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart in the United States . The music video features Miguel performing at a fine dining restaurant in New York City . The track received a negative reaction from Achy Obejas of the Chicago Tribune who called it lame . It was nominated Pop Song of the Year at the 10th Annual Lo Nuestro Awards and Manzanero was awarded a Broadcast Music , Inc . ( BMI ) Latin Award for writing the song . Manzanero performed the record as a duet with several artists such as Tania Libertad and Susana Zabaleta . Background In 1991 Miguel released Romance , a collection of classic Latin ballads , the oldest of which dates back to the 1940s . The album was produced by Armando Manzanero and arranged by Bebu Silvetti , and was credited for revitalizing the bolero genre . It also made history as the first Spanish language album to be certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in the United States . A follow up to Romance was released in 1994 under the title Segundo Romance ( Second Romance ) , which was produced by Miguel , Juan Carlos Caldern and Kiko Cibrian . Both albums received a platinum certification by the RIAA in the United States and also became successful in countries outside of Latin America and the United States , such as Finland and Saudi Arabia , selling over twelve million copies combined . In December 1996 Miguel held a press conference in Buenos Aires , Argentina , where he announced his desire to record a third Romance album and mentioned the possibility of working with Manzanero and Juan Gabriel . He also expressed an interest in singing in Italian and Portuguese , although the album 's songs are originally all in Spanish . Two months later Manzanero confirmed that he was working with Miguel on another bolero inspired ballads album , under the tentative title Tercer Romance ( Third Romance ) . Miguel 's record label confirmed that fourteen tracks would be included on the album under the title Romances . Por Debajo de la Mesa was written by Manzanero as one of the two original compositions for the album along with Contigo ( Estar Contigo ) . Promotion A music video for Por Debajo de la Mesa was filmed in New York City which features Miguel performing at the Rainbow Room with the video being shot in black and white . The song was included on his greatest hits album Mis unk unk ( 2002 ) and Grandes xitos ( 2005 ) . A live version of the song was included on his album Vivo ( 2000 ) as part of the Romances Medley . Release and reception Por Debajo de la Mesa serviced to radio stations across Latin America on 5 July unk . In the United States , the song debuted at number two on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart on the week of 2 August 1997 . Six weeks later , it peaked at number one on the chart where and remained on the position for four weeks . Por Debajo de la Mesa ended 1997 as the eighth best performing Latin single of the year in the United States . The track also peaked at number one on the Billboard Latin Pop Songs chart where it spent five weeks on top of the chart and was the best performing Latin pop song of the year in the country . Despite giving Romances a positive review , Chicago Tribune editor Achy Obejas called Por Debajo de la Mesa a lame song and cited it as one of the songs where Miguel beginning is to slip on his ballad recordings . It received a nomination for Pop Song of the Year at the Lo Nuestro Awards of 1998 , losing to Si Tu Supieras by Alejandro Fernndez . Manzanero was given a BMI Latin Award for composition of the song due to it being one of the best performing Latin songs of the year . At the inaugural Juventud Awards in 2004 , Por Debajo de la Mesa was nominated in the category for La Ms Pegajosa ( Catchiest Tune ) , but lost to El Za Za Za by Liberacin . Charts Other recordings Manzanero has sung Por Debajo de la Mesa as a duet Peruvian musician Tania Libertad on the duo 's studio album Manzanero y la Libertad ( 1998 ) and with Chano Domnguez and Carmen Paris on unk 's album Duetos 2 ( 2002 ) . He also performed the song in a concert with Argentine pianist Ral di Blasio in 1999 which was included on the latter 's live album Bohemia , Vol.2 ( 2000 ) and also performed the song live with fellow Mexican singer Susana Zabaleta on their album De la A a la Z ( 2006 ) .
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1,828 | In Norse mythology , Sigyn ( Old Norse victorious girl friend ) is a goddess and is the wife of Loki . Sigyn is attested in the Poetic Edda , compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources , and the Prose Edda , written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson . In the Poetic Edda , little information is provided about Sigyn other than her role in assisting Loki during his captivity . In the Prose Edda , her role in helping her husband through his time spent in bondage is stated again , she appears in various kennings , and her status as a goddess is mentioned twice . Sigyn may appear on the Gosforth Cross and has been the subject of an amount of theory and cultural references . Attestations Sigyn is attested in the following works Poetic Edda In stanza 35 of the Poetic Edda poem Vlusp , a vlva tells Odin that , amongst many other things , she sees Sigyn sitting very unhappily with her bound husband , Loki , under a grove of hot springs . Sigyn is mentioned a second ( and final ) time in the ending prose section of the poem Lokasenna . In the prose , Loki has been bound by the gods with the guts of his son Nari , his son Vli is described as having been turned into a wolf , and the goddess Skai fastens a venomous snake over Loki 's face , from which venom drips . Sigyn , again described as Loki 's wife , holds a basin under the dripping venom . The basin grows full , and she pulls it away , during which time venom drops on Loki , causing him to writhe so violently that earthquakes occur that shake the entire earth . Prose Edda Sigyn appears in the books Gylfaginning and Skldskaparml in the Prose Edda . In Gylfaginning , Sigyn is introduced in chapter 31 . There , she is introduced as the wife of Loki , and that they have a son by the name of Nari or Narfi . Sigyn is mentioned again in Gylfaginning in chapter 50 , where events are described differently than in Lokasenna . Here , the gods have captured Loki and his two sons , who are stated as Vli , described as a son of Loki , and Nari or Narfi , the latter earlier described as also a son of Sigyn . Vli is changed into a wolf by the gods , and rips apart his brother Nari or Narfi . The guts of Nari or Narfi are then used to tie Loki to three stones , after which the guts turn to iron , and Skai places a snake above Loki . Sigyn places herself beside him , where she holds out a bowl to catch the dripping venom . However , when the bowl becomes full she leaves to pour out the venom . As a result , Loki is again described as shaking so violently that the planet shakes , and this process repeats until he breaks free , setting Ragnark into motion . Sigyn is introduced as a goddess , an unk , in the Prose Edda book Skldskaparml , where the gods are holding a grand feast for the visiting gir , and in kennings for Loki husband of Sigyn , cargo Loki of incantation fetter 's Sigyn 's arms , and in a passage quoted from the 9th century Haustlng , the burden of Sigyn 's arms . The final mention of Sigyn in Skldskaparml is in the list of synjur in the appended Nafnaulur section , chapter 75 . Archaeological record The mid 11th century Gosforth Cross located in Cumbria , England , has been interpreted as featuring various figures from Norse mythology . The bottom portion of the west side of the cross features a depiction of a long haired female , kneeling figure holding an object above another prostrate , bound figure . Above and to their left is a knotted serpent . This has been interpreted as Sigyn soothing the bound Loki . Theories While the name Sigyn is found as a female personal name in Old Norse sources ( Old Norse unk meaning ' victory ' and unk meaning ' girl friend ' ) , and though in surviving sources she is largely restricted to a single role , she appears in the 9th century skaldic poem Haustlng from pagan times , written by the skald jlfr of Hvinir . Due to this early connection with Loki , Sigyn has been theorized as being a goddess dating back to an older form of Germanic paganism . Modern influence The scene of Sigyn Loki has been depicted on a number of paintings , including Loke och Sigyn ( 1850 ) by Nils unk , Loke och Sigyn ( 1863 ) by Mrten Eskil Winge , Loki och Sigyn ( 1879 ) by Oscar Wergeland , and the illustration Loki und Sigyn Hel mit dem Hunde Garm ( 1883 ) by K. Ehrenberg . Various objects and places have been named after Sigyn in modern times , including the Norwegian stiff straw winter wheat varieties Sigyn I and Sigyn II , a Marvel Comics character ( 1978 ) of the same name the Swedish vessel MS Sigyn , which transports spent nuclear fuel in an allusion to Sigyn holding a bowl beneath the venom to spare Loki , and the arctic Sigyn Glacier .
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1,829 | M 24 is a state trunkline highway in the U.S. state of Michigan that extends 75 . 691 miles ( 121 . 813 km ) through Southeast Michigan and The Thumb , from northeast Auburn Hills to Unionville . It starts at an interchange with Interstate 75 ( I 75 ) and ends where it merges with M 25 . While the M 24 designation is similar to that of US Highway 24 ( US 24 ) which has a northern terminus located only a few miles from the southern terminus of M 24 , M 24 was never part of US 24 . The first M 24 in Michigan was replaced by M 20 when US 10 replaced the original M 20 in 1926 . A 1936 bypass of downtown Pontiac resulted in the creation of M 24A which later became BUS M 24 in 1940 . An extension in 1997 moved the northern end of M 24 northward from Caro to Unionville , replacing a section of M 138 in the process . Route description M 24 begins a hundred feet south of an overpass that is part of a double trumpet interchange with I 75 in Auburn Hills . The interchange also connects with an entrance into The Palace of Auburn Hills , home of the NBA 's Detroit Pistons , and a variety of electronic signs are contained in the area to indicate the status of access to the entrance . The roadway is a continuation of Business Loop I 75 ( BL I 75 ) that travels through Pontiac . This section of the highway dedicated to William Davidson , former owner of the Pistons , in legislation signed by Michigan Governor Rick Snyder in May 2011 . The section of M 24 from its southern terminus in Auburn Hills north to the village of Oxford is one of the busiest stretches of road in the state in terms of annual average daily traffic ( AADT ) . Near The Palace of Auburn Hills , 50 , 600 vehicles used the roadway on average in 2007 . The road is a standard Michigan expressway design , with at grade intersections , traffic signals , and Michigan unk . M 24 continues north through the Bald Mountain Recreation Area and along the eastern shore of Lake Orion in the village of Lake Orion . This expressway continues a few miles north of the Lapeer County line , where the highway becomes a two lane highway for a few miles , before returning to expressway from Metamora to I 69 . South of Metamora , M 24 runs parallel to the former right of way for the Michigan Central Railroad north into the city of Lapeer . M 24 continues north from Lapeer running west of Barnes Lake and east of the community of unk just south of the M 90 junction . South of the Tuscola County line , the trunkline passes the unk Golf Club and crosses the Pere Marquette Railroad before turning west along Saginaw Road into the community of Mayville and turning north along Mertz Road . South of Caro , M 24 meets M 46 . Once past Frank Street in Caro , M 24 becomes Ellington Street . M 24 then comes to meet M 81 in Caro , where the highway becomes Cleaver Road . M 24 then jogs west along Biebel Road and then north along Unionville Road past a junction with M 138 to end in Unionville at M 25 . M 24 is also known locally as Lapeer Road in several areas , including Orion Township , Oxford Township , and Metamora . In the Village of Oxford , it is also known as Washington Street . In downtown Lapeer , it is known as Main Street , and north of Mayville as Mertz Rd . In the Unionville area , it is also known as Unionville Road . History Original designation In 1919 , the first M 24 was designated along today 's M 20 . From Midland east , M 24 continued along today 's M 47 . When the U.S. Highway System was created , US 10 replaced M 20 and M 20 in turn replaced the first M 24 . The M 24 designation was then applied to the current routing . Current designation The current designation was assigned in two pieces , Pontiac to Lapeer and Vassar to Bay City . The two sections would be joined in 1927 by a concurrency along M 21 and M 15 . This arrangement lasted until a permanent solo routing was created in 1930 . The Pontiac area saw a rerouting of M 24 to an eastern bypass of town in 1936 . The former routing in town became M 24A . It would be redesignated as BUS M 24 in 1940 when the State Highway Department debuted business routes in Michigan . The northern terminus was moved to M 81 in Caro in 1942 , and the southern terminus was shifted to the present location in 1963 . Prior to a 1997 extension , M 24 ended at M 81 in Caro now it continues up to M 25 in Unionville . From 2006 to 2008 , M 24 was expanded to a boulevard between Metamora and Lapeer . There is still a two lane section between the Lapeer Oakland County Line and Metamora that is planned to be upgraded in the near future . The construction has been delayed because of development close to the highway near Metamora . Major intersections
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1,830 | PRR 460 , nicknamed the Lindbergh Engine , is a Pennsylvania Railroad E6s steam locomotive now located in the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania , outside of Strasburg , Pennsylvania in the United States . It was built in 1914 and became famous after racing an aircraft to New York City carrying newsreels of Charles Lindbergh 's return to the United States after his transatlantic flight in 1927 . In the late 1930s , No. 460 was operated by the Long Island Rail Road , and the Pennsylvania Reading Seashore Lines in the early 1950s , before being retired in 1953 . No. 460 is the only surviving locomotive of its class and was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1979 . Since mid 2010 , 460 has been undergoing restoration at the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania . Background An experimental Model E6 was developed in 1910 and , after two other sample locomotives and four years of tests , it was found that the 4 4 2 Atlantic 's speed equaled that of the larger 4 6 2 Pacific 's . An additional 80 E6 locomotives were ordered with superheaters and classified as the E6s . History No. 460 was the last of the E6s model to be built , out of a total of 80 locomotives . From their construction in 1914 until 1920 , the E6s ran mostly on the corridor between New York City and Washington , D.C. After being replaced by the K4s model , the E6s locomotives were relegated to charter services because of their high speed . After returning from Europe and his transatlantic flight on June 11 , 1927 , Charles Lindbergh was promoted to colonel and awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross by President Calvin Coolidge . Two rival newsreel companies , who were each vying to be the first to have their films of the ceremony shown in New York theaters , chartered a train and an aircraft , respectively , from Washington to New York City . No. 460 headed up the charter train , pulling only its tender , a baggage car and a passenger car . The train departed Washington at 1 14 PM and arrived at the Manhattan Transfer , outside of New York City , 2 hours and 56 minutes later . The final leg , through the tunnels underneath the Hudson River , was completed by an electric unk . No. 460 averaged 82 . 7 miles per hour ( 133 . 1 km h ) and attained a maximum speed of 115 miles per hour ( 185 km h ) . Even though the aircraft arrived in New York first , the film brought by No. 460 was in theaters hours before the other , thanks to a film processing lab on board the baggage car . After the race , No. 460 went back to its normal duties until March 1937 , when it was loaned to the Long Island Rail Road . In January 1939 , No. 460 was returned to the Pennsylvania , but was still occasionally used on Long Island as a short term ' loaner ' . Starting in 1942 , it hauled trains between Camden and Bay Head , New Jersey . In 1951 , parts were taken of other E6s locomotives that were going to be scrapped the drivers on the engineer 's ( right ) side are from PRR 1565 , the air reservoir on the fireman 's ( left ) side was from PRR 690 and the reservoir on the engineer 's side was from PRR 782 . 460 's tender was replaced in 1952 with one from 1565 the original tender had been transferred to maintenance of way service . 460 was leased to the Pennsylvania Reading Seashore Lines in 1953 before being retired in 1955 and added to the Pennsylvania 's collection of historic locomotives in Northumberland , Pennsylvania . Preservation No. 460 was moved from Northumberland in October 1969 to the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania in Strasburg . Although a part of the museum , it was not owned by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission until it was officially donated to the museum in December 1979 , by the Penn Central Transportation Company , which received ownership when the Pennsylvania was merged with the New York Central Railroad . No. 460 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 17 , 1979 . From 1982 to 1984 , volunteers at the museum cleaned the locomotive , replaced wooden window frames and doors , applied rust inhibitor primer and repainted the metal . The locomotive 's asbestos lagging was removed in 2008 . A 400 , 000 restoration , lasting 3 to 4 years , is planned and is expected to start once an unrelated project at the museum is completed in the summer of 2011 . 460 was moved into the museum restoration shops on March 17 , 2010 after raising 50 , 000 and receiving an additional 50 , 000 donation . From July to August 2010 , 460 was blasted to remove the several layers of lead paint from the locomotive . The blasting uncovered original timing marks and stamped numbers showing that the origins of some of the parts on 460 were cannibalized from other E6s locomotives .
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1,831 | Margaret Chin ( born May 26 , 1954 ) is the Council member for the 1st District of the New York City Council . A Democrat , she and Queens Council member Peter Koo comprise the Asian American delegation of the city council . The district includes all or parts of Battery Park City , Chinatown , Civic Center , East Village , Ellis Island , Financial District , Governors Island , Greenwich Village , Liberty Island , Little Italy , Lower East Side , unk , unk , SoHo , Tribeca , and the West Village . Life and career Born on May 26 , 1954 in Hong Kong as the third of five children and the only daughter in the family , Chin immigrated to the United States from Hong Kong in 1963 . Her father , who arrived to the U.S. before his family did , was an undocumented worker , working as a waiter in the Bronx his experiences inspired her to advocate for immigration reform during her political tenure . Chin grew up in Chinatown and graduated from the Bronx High School of Science and the City College of New York with a degree in education . She worked for 14 years at LaGuardia Community College 's Division of Adult and Continuing Education . She is married to Alan Tung , a public school teacher . Their son , Kevin , also graduated from the Bronx High School of Science . He completed his studies at Syracuse University , and is now studying photography in Santa Barbara , California . Chin has been a member of several public service groups and organizations . In 1974 , she was a founding member of Asian Americans for Equality , a group dedicated to empowering Asian Americans and others in need , and she served as the board 's president from 1982 to 1986 . She was the chairperson of the New York Immigration Coalition , a policy and advocacy organization which works on issues concerning immigrants and refugees . She was a board member of the Association for Neighborhood and Housing Development , an affordable housing non profit organization . Chin was also a founding member of the Chinatown Partnership Local Development Corporation , a group that was formed in 2006 to rebuild Chinatown following 9 11 , and to preserve the neighborhood 's unique culture while ensuring its vitality in the future . In local and state politics , Chin was a member of Manhattan Community Board 1 and Manhattan Community Board 3 , and was elected to the New York State Democratic Committee for two terms from 1986 to 1990 . Chin speaks Cantonese , Mandarin , and Taishanese , and has stated that her ethnicity helped her win the district that includes Chinatown . In her words , many new immigrants and seniors do not speak English , and appreciated that they could speak to her directly and talk to a City Council member without having to go through an interpreter . Hunter College professor and sociologist Peter Kwong , who has written books on Chinese Americans , said that Chin 's election victory was a milestone in an increasingly active Asian American community and a special moment in Chinatown history . Margaret Fung , head of Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund , a national Asian American civil rights group , described Chin 's win as a significant step forward for Asian American political representation . New York City Council Prior to winning the 2009 city council election , Chin had run and lost in the Democratic Party primary election for the District 1 seat in 1991 , 1993 , and 2001 . In a primary that had a small turn out , she won the Democratic nomination with 39 of the vote , ousting two term incumbent Alan Gerson . Chin earned 4 , 541 votes to Gerson 's 3 , 520 the other three candidates , PJ Kim , Pete Gleason , and Arthur Gregory won 1 , 927 votes , 1 , 293 votes , and 235 votes , respectively . Campaigning on the issues of affordable housing , improving infrastructure , immigration reform , and better services for senior citizens , Chin won the general election held on November 3 against Republican candidate Irene Horvath in a landslide victory , carrying 86 of the vote . In 2013 , Council Member Chin ran for reelection for the New York City Council . She received an endorsement from the Stonewall Democratic Club of New York prior to the September 2013 Democratic Party Primary . She was challenged in the primary by Democrat Jenifer Rajkumar , a Lower Manhattan District Leader , in a widely publicized race . Chin won with 58 . 5 of the vote . Chin is a member of the Progressive Caucus , and the Women 's Caucus . Chin has twice been elected by her colleagues to serve as an executive member of the Black , Latino , and Asian Caucus Committee assignments Aging ( Chair ) Education Recovery and Resiliency Rules Privileges Elections Transportation Youth Services Election history
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1,832 | The T30 Howitzer Motor Carriage ( HMC ) was a United States Army self propelled gun used in World War II . Its design was based on requirements for an assault gun issued by the Armored Force in 1941 and it was built as an interim solution until a fully tracked design was complete . Produced by the White Motor Company , the vehicle was simply a 75 mm Pack Howitzer M1 mounted on a modified M3 Half track . It was first used in combat in the North African Campaign in November 1942 . It later served in Italy and France , and possibly in the Pacific . Some were later leased to French forces and the type was used as late as the First Indochina War in the 1950s . Specifications Based on the M3 Half track , the T30 's specifications were similar to its parent vehicle . It was 20 ft 7 in ( 6 . 28 m ) long , 6 ft 5 in ( 1 . 96 m ) wide , 8 ft 3 in ( 2 . 51 m ) and high , and weighed 10 . 3 short tons ( 9 . 3 t ) . The suspension consisted of vertical volute springs for the tracks and leaf springs for the wheels , while the vehicle had a fuel capacity of 60 US gallons ( 230 l ) . It had a range of 150 mi ( 240 km ) and had a speed of 40 mph ( 64 km h ) , and was powered by a White 160AX , 147 hp ( 110 kW ) , 386 in3 ( 6 , 330 cc ) , six cylinder , gasoline engine , with a compression ratio of 6 . 3 1 . It had a power to weight ratio of 15 . 8 hp ton . Gun specifications The T30 's main armament was a short barreled 3 . 0 in ( 75 mm ) pack howitzer . The 75 mm Pack Howitzer M1 as mounted could depress nine degrees , elevate 50 degrees , and traverse 22 . 5 degrees to each side . The vehicle had stowage for sixty rounds of 75 mm ammunition and , although it was not designed for anti tank use , it had a high explosive anti tank ( HEAT ) shell that could penetrate 3 in ( 76 mm ) of armor . The gun shield had 0 . 375 in ( 9 . 5 mm ) thick armor , designed to stop a .30 cal ( 7 . 62 mm ) bullet from 250 yards ( 230 m ) away . Development The T30 HMC was originally conceived in 1941 as an interim design to fulfil the Armored Force 's requirement for an assault gun to equip tank and armored reconnaissance units . The Ordnance Department design was based on the M3 Half track in order that it could be brought into service quickly . A prototype vehicle was authorized in October 1941 armed with an M1A1 75 mm Pack Howitzer and a mount that was designed to fit on a simple box structure in the back of an M3 Half track . Authorization for the production of two prototypes was given in January 1942 first deliveries of the vehicle were made the following month from the White Motor Company . As it was seen as a temporary solution it was never given type classification . In September 1942 , the T30 was partially replaced by the Howitzer Motor Carriage M8 ( the same gun on an M3 Stuart ) . After that , it was declared as limited standard . A total of 500 were produced , all by the White Motor Company . Service history The T30 HMC entered service in November 1942 , seeing action for the first time in the North African Campaign . In the 1st Armored Division , each armored regiment was issued twelve T30s . Of these , three were used in each battalion headquarters platoon and three were used in each regimental reconnaissance platoon . In addition , the 6th and 41st Armored Infantry Regiments were each issued with nine T30 HMCs , with three of them being allocated to the headquarters platoon in each armored infantry battalion . Most infantry divisions in the North African Campaign deployed a cannon company equipped with six T30s and two 105 mm T19 HMCs . In one encounter in North Africa , the T30 was used in an attempt to destroy German tanks . Although the T30s fired several volleys , the German tanks were barely damaged and the T30s were ordered to retreat under the cover of smoke to prevent losses . After several similar experiences , U.S. forces ceased the practice of employing self propelled howitzers or mortars in direct combat with tanks . The T30 also served during the Allied invasion of Sicily in 1943 , the war in Italy in 1944 , and possibly in the Pacific . It was removed from infantry division use in March 1943 , following changes in the organization of US infantry battalions , and was replaced by towed howitzers . The T30 was eventually replaced by the M8 HMC , which was based on the M5 Stuart light tank , and which began entering service around the same time as the T30 . Only 312 T30 HMCs were delivered in their original configuration , as the last 188 were converted back into M3 Half tracks before they were delivered . Later on , the U.S. leased several to French forces and some were used as late as the First Indochina War before the vehicle was retired from service in the 1950s .
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1,833 | Whatever It Takes is a song by British singer songwriter Leona Lewis from her debut studio album , Spirit ( 2007 ) . Lewis co wrote it with Tony Reyes and Novel the latter also co produced it with Dallas Austin . It was the first song to be written for Spirit and one of only two songs on the album to involve Lewis in the writing process . It is a gospel pop influenced track . The song garnered a mixed response from music critics it was praised for its upbeat instrumentation but criticised for lacking any kick . Upon the release of Spirit , the song debuted at number 61 on the UK Singles Chart due to strong digital download sales . Lewis has performed the song at the 2010 Rock in Rio and on her debut concert tour , The Labyrinth . It was later included on the subsequent DVD release called The Labyrinth Tour Live from the O2 . Recording and production Co written by Lewis with Novel and Tony Reyes , Whatever It Takes was recorded at DARP Studios and Doppler Studios , both located in Atlanta , Georgia and at Battery Studios in New York City , by Carlton Lynn . Lynn was assisted in the recording process by Lloyd Cooper ( at Doppler Studios ) and Tim Sturges ( at Battery Studios ) . It was also mixed by Lynn at DARP Studios Josh Houghkirk served as the assistant mixer . The song was produced by Novel and Dallas Austin . A variety of instrumentalists were enlisted for the production of Whatever It Takes Eddie Horst was the string arranger , while Kenn Wagner , Olga unk , Amy Chang and William Pu performed violins , Karen Freer and Daniel unk provided cello and co writer Reyes played the guitar . Stephen Lowman and Stephen Ferrera performed drums , while Novel played the keyboard . Whatever It Takes makes use of a choir , which consists of unk Agee , unk Thomas , Cindy Mizelle , Michelle Cobbs , Robin Clark , Bibi unk , Tammy Lucas , Billy Porter , Bennie Diggs and unk Thornton Thornton was enlisted as the vocal contractor . Lewis provides background vocals on the track , and the production process was overseen by Kimberly L. Smith . As she introduced the track before performing it on her debut concert tour The Labyrinth ( 2010 ) , Lewis revealed that Whatever It Takes was the first song to be written for Spirit . Composition and critical reception Whatever It Takes is an upbeat , midtempo gospel pop song which lasts for a duration of 3 27 . The song was composed in the key of Eb major using common time at 96 beats per minute . Lewis ' vocal range spans over two octaves from low note of Bb3 to the high note of Bb5 . The song garnered a mixed response from music critics . Nate Chinen for The New York Times was complimentary of Whatever It Takes , writing that it is an upbeat anthem . A reviewer for The Sun also described the song as a soaring anthem . Sarah Louise James for the Daily Star wrote that although the element of gospel music was has a nice outro , it lacks real kick . Nick Levine was for Digital Spy wrote ' Whatever It Takes ' is anchored by a rhythm track that wouldn 't shame a boy racer cruising through Harlem in his pimped up ride . However , he noted that Whatever It Takes and Best You Never Had were Spirit 's only uptempo moments , and that Lewis tries to emulate her contemporaries too closely . Kitty Empire for The Guardian was critical of the song , writing that Not even Dallas Austin who has worked with Sugababes can make ' Whatever It Takes ' any fun . Live performances Lewis performed Whatever It Takes at the Rock in Rio festival held in Lisbon on 22 May 2010 . It was also included as the fourth song on the set list of The Labyrinth . It was later included on the DVD release of the tour , called The Labyrinth Tour Live from the O2 . Lewis performed the song in the first section of the set list , along with Brave as the opener , Don 't Let Me Down , Better in Time and Take a Bow . The set was decorated in the style of a castle acrobats performed as they were hanging from the ceiling on large pieces of fabric while Lewis wore a gold sequined dress and thigh high boots . Track listing Spirit standard deluxe edition Whatever It Takes 3 27 Spirit United States standard deluxe version Whatever It Takes 3 27 The Labyrinth Tour Live from the O2 Whatever It Takes ( Live from the 02 ) 3 26 Credits and personnel Recording Recorded at DARP Studios , Atlanta , GA Doppler Studios , Atlanta , GA Battery Studios , NYC . Mixed at DARP Studios , Atlanta , GA . Personnel Credits adapted from the liner notes of Spirit . Charts Upon the release of Spirit , Whatever It Takes debuted at number 61 on the strength of digital download sales in the chart issue released on 24 November 2007 .
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1,834 | Intimidator is a steel roller coaster built by Bolliger Mabillard at Carowinds . The roller coaster is located in the Carowinds Plaza section of the park . Intimidator is the thirteenth roller coaster installed at Carowinds and is located near the entrance of the theme park . It is currently one of the tallest , fastest and longest roller coasters in the Southeast with a 232 foot ( 71 m ) lift hill , a top speed of 75 mph ( 121 km h ) and a track length of 5 , 316 feet ( 1 , 620 m ) . It was announced on August 26 , 2009 and opened March 27 , 2010 . The roller coaster 's name comes from the nickname of NASCAR driver Dale Earnhardt . History Construction on Intimidator began during the summer of 2009 with land clearing and footings being constructed . Track pieces first began to arrive at Carowinds on August 7 , 2009 . About 3 weeks later , Intimidator was officially announced on August 26 , 2009 by Carowinds . Along with the announcement , Carowinds reached a licensing agreement with Dale Earnhardt , Inc. to utilize the Dale Earnhardt brand as part of the ride . One of Earnhardt 's sons , Kerry Earnhardt , was on hand for the press conference announcing the attraction and endorsed the ride on behalf of the family . The first supports and track for Intimidator were installed on September 1 , 2009 . The lift hill was erected on October 1 , 2009 and was completed on October 13 , 2009 . In order to install the last lift piece , 3 cranes were required . Construction on the roller coaster layout continued through November and December with the final track piece installed on December 21 , 2009 . Construction on the station , mechanics , and landscaping of Intimidator took place during the months of January and February . On February 4 , 2010 , testing of Intimidator commenced with the new roller coaster officially opening to the public on March 27 , 2010 . Seat belts were added to the ride in the spring of 2014 as a supplement to the original lap bar restraint system . First Rider Auction On January 14 , 2010 , Carowinds launched a First Rider Auction in which people from anywhere in the world would bid against each other in order to be one of the first public riders on Intimidator , with ninety six seats being made available to bid on . The bidders that fell in the top 96 were given the opportunity to be the first public riders on Intimidator on March 27 , 2010 , before the ride opened to the general public . All money raised during the auction went to the Dale Earnhardt Foundation . The highest bid for a single seat was US 500 . Ride experience Intimidator features eight drops , seven camelback hills , a panoramic u turn , and a diving spiral . One cycle lasts about 3 minutes and 33 seconds . Before the train leaves the station , a short message is played , Gentlemen , start your engines After departing from the station , the train heads straight to the chain lift hill . Once the train reaches the top of the 232 foot ( 71 m ) lift , it drops back down to the ground at a 74 degree angle reaching speeds of up to 75 mph ( 121 km h ) . Following the first drop , the train then goes over the first camelback hill which stands at 178 feet ( 54 m ) tall . After the camelback hill , the train makes a sharp right hand turn back to the ground followed by a left hand turn . After the turn , the train goes over the second camelback hill which is 151 feet ( 46 m ) tall . Following the hill , the train enters a 121 foot ( 37 m ) panoramic u turn . The train then goes over a third 105 foot ( 32 m ) camelback hill , immediately followed by another camelback hill at 90 feet ( 27 m ) . Next , the train makes a left hand turn into the mid course brake run which slows the train down . After the train exits the brake run , it goes over the fifth camelback hill which stands at 62 feet ( 19 m ) and makes a sharp right hand turn into an element known as a Diving Spiral . The train goes through two more camelback hills standing at 52 feet ( 16 m ) and 48 feet ( 15 m ) , respectively , before entering the final brake run which leads into the station . Characteristics Trains Intimidator operates with three open air stadium style steel and fiberglass trains . Each train has eight cars that have four seats each for a total of 32 riders per train . Additionally , the trains are themed after Dale Earnhardt s 1998 RCR No. 3 Chevrolet Monte Carlo . Track The steel track is 5 , 316 feet ( 1 , 620 m ) in length and the height of the lift is approximately 232 feet ( 71 m ) . The angle of the first descent is approximately 74 degrees . Also , the roller coaster includes trim brakes and magnetic brakes for speed control . Awards No Steel Roller Coaster Poll was held in 2011 .
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1,835 | Hurricane Joanne was one of four tropical cyclones to bring gale force winds to the Southwestern United States in the 20th century . A tropical depression developed on September 30 , 1972 . It then moved west northwest and intensified into a hurricane on October 1 . Hurricane Joanne peaked as a Category 2 hurricane , as measured by the modern Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale ( SSHWS ) , October 2 . Joanne then slowed down and began to re curve . Joanne made landfall along the northern portion of the Baja California Peninsula as a tropical storm . The tropical storm moved inland over Sonora on October 6 and was believed to have survived into Arizona as a tropical storm . In Arizona , many roads were closed and some water rescues had to be performed due to a prolonged period of heavy rains . One person was reportedly killed while another was electrocuted . A few weeks after the hurricane , Arizona would sustain additional flooding and eight additional deaths . Meteorological history On September 26 , ship reports and satellite imagery indicated an area of squally weather about 300 miles ( 485 km ) south of Guatemala . During September 27 and September 28 , the disturbance moved westward . On September 29 , the disturbance developed a closed low level atmospheric circulation . The following day , the system was designated as a tropical storm after a ship reported winds of 45 mph ( 70 km h ) . A Hurricane Hunter aircraft investigated the growing storm on October 1 and estimated maximum sustained winds of 75 mph ( 120 km h ) , making Joanne a Category 1 hurricane . However , very few ships reported winds greater than 30 mph ( 50 km h ) at that time . On October 2 , the Eastern Pacific Hurricane Database , noted that the hurricane had intensified into a Category 2 system , with winds peaking at 100 mph ( 160 km h ) while turning towards the northwest . On October 4 , Joanne began to recurve , and developed winds of 90 mph ( 145 km h ) . Later that day , the Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center ( EPHC ) downgraded Joanne into a tropical storm as the system weakened . Accelerating north and later northeast , Joanne made landfall near Laguna Chapala on Baja California while a tropical storm late on October 5 . Although records from the EPHC suggest that the tropical storm moved inland over Sonora on October 6 , it is likely that Joanne moved northeast into western Pima County as a minimal tropical storm . Tropical Storm Joanne weakened to a depression near Ajo , but made it all the way to Flagstaff before finally dissipating . Impact The initial disturbance to Joanne brought squally weather to Guatemala . Upon making landfall in Mexico , the highest rainfall total was 9 . 45 in ( 240 mm ) in San Felipe Mexicali . Puerto unk recorded winds of 50 mph ( 80 km h ) . Further north , Joanne caused heavy surf in California , and brought tropical storm force winds to the state . Prior to landfall , flash flood watches were issued for the southern portion of the state . Heavy rainfall was reported throughout Arizona . Over 5 inches ( 100 mm ) was measured at the Mogollon Rim . Many areas of the state received between 1 to 3 inches ( 25 to 76 mm ) of rainfall , with isolated locations receiving over 5 inches ( 130 mm ) . In Phoenix , unk in ( 20 mm ) of rain fell in a four hour period , compared to the October average of unk in ( 12 mm ) . The Nogales Highway Bridge over the Santa Cruz River was washed away by the flooding . Some secondary roads near Tucson were flooded . Numerous water rescues were conducted in central Tucson since several major streets turned into rivers . Severe flooding was recorded in Clifton , Duncan , and Safford . An official in Maricopa County lost track on the exact number of roads that were closed because of the hurricane . Many neighborhoods in northern Phoenix were evacuated early on October 7 when a canal overflowed its banks due to prolonged rainfall . Downtown , a young man was electrocuted when he tried to remove a downed power line that was on his car . One person was also killed in the city . Following the storm , heavy rain from Joanne set the stage for additional flooding in mid to late October from a Gulf of Alaska extratropical cyclone that brought more moisture to the area , causing 10 million ( 1972 USD ) in property damage and eight deaths . Further west in New Mexico , the hurricane produced 2 . 48 in ( 63 mm ) of precipitation . Hurricane Joanne is one of only four known Pacific hurricanes to bring gale force winds to the Continental United States , and was the first since the 1939 California tropical storm . According to the National Weather Service , it was the first time in recorded history that a tropical cyclone had brought gale force winds to Arizona .
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1,836 | M 36 is a state trunkline highway in the Lower Peninsula of the US state of Michigan that runs in a west east direction from Mason to Whitmore Lake . The trunkline connects US Highway 127 ( US 127 ) south of Lansing and US 23 north of Ann Arbor . The highway connects several smaller communities in the rural areas along its route . M 36 also runs concurrently with two other roadways , sharing pavement with M 52 and County Road D 19 . According to traffic surveys in 2010 , between 650 and 15 , 300 vehicles used the highway on average each day . The current highway to bear the M 36 moniker is the second to do so . The first was signposted in 1919 north of Pontiac until it was partially replaced by the modern M 24 in 1926 . The M 36 designation was moved to the current roadway in 1930 . It has been changed a few times since the highway was completely paved in 1940 . The last change created the M 52 concurrency in 1969 . Route description M 36 starts at an interchange with US 127 northwest of Mason . The highway follows Cedar Street southeast and southerly from exit 66 through commercial and residential areas to Ash Street near downtown . M 36 turns eastward along Ash Street through downtown . Outside of the city , Ash Street becomes Dansville Road 1 2 mile ( 0 . 80 km ) north of Mason Jewett Field , the local airport . The highway continues eastward through mixed fields and woodland . The trunkline follows Mason Street through the village of Dansville . Just south of White Oak Township Park in White Oak Township , M 36 turns south to run concurrently along M 52 through Millville . At Topping Road , M 36 turns east again north of Lowe Lake . Crossing into Livingston County where it becomes Plainfield Road , the highway then passes the Plainfield Cemetery through community of the same name and turns southeasterly toward Gregory . North of town , M 36 turns south on Gregory Road . The highway continues as Main Street in the community to Carr Street the highway turns back eastward on Carr Street in Gregory . As the highway runs easterly , it skirts the northern edge of the Pinckney State Recreation Area and the southern edge of the Timber Trace Golf Club . As Main Street in Pinckney , M 36 passes through the center of town . At Howell Street , County Road D 19 merges in from the south . The two designations run concurrently along Main Street to Pearl Street , where D 19 turns northward . At the intersection with Dexter Street , M 36 intersects the western terminus of D 32 , the Highway to Hell . East of Pinckney , M 36 passes between Rush and Bass lakes in the unk area . Immediately east of there , the highway passes through woods between Oneida and unk lakes in Lakeland . The trunkline passes to the south of Buck Lake and then meanders through Hamburg southeasterly . M 36 ends as 9 Mile Road at exit 54 on US 23 in Whitmore Lake . M 36 is maintained by the Michigan Department of Transportation ( MDOT ) like other state highways in Michigan . As a part of these maintenance responsibilities , the department tracks the volume of traffic that uses the roadways under its jurisdiction . These volumes are expressed using a metric called annual average daily traffic , which is a statistical calculation of the average daily number of vehicles on a segment of roadway . MDOT 's surveys in 2010 showed that the highest traffic levels along M 36 were the 15 , 226 vehicles daily in Mason the lowest count was 657 vehicles per day east of the M 52 concurrency . No section of M 36 has been listed on the National Highway System , a network of roads important to the country 's economy , defense , and mobility . History Original designation On July 1 , 1919 , M 36 was routed along what is now M 24 between Pontiac and Burnside . In November 1926 , this highway was redesignated as part of M 24 between Pontiac and Lapeer . In 1930 , the remainder was turned back to local control and removed from the state highway system . Current designation M 36 supplanted the former M 49 designation between Mason and Whitmore Lake in late 1930 segments of M 49 through Stockbridge not used in the new M 36 were given to M 92 or M 106 . The last segments were paved in late 1940 between Plainfield and the eastern terminus . When the Michigan State Highway Department completed a US 127 bypass around Mason in late 1946 or early 1947 , M 36 was extended westward over a section of highway previously used by US 127 to connect to the bypass that segment was designated Bus . US 127 M 36 This concurrency was removed in 1962 when the Bus . US 127 designation was decommissioned . The M 52 concurrency was formed in 1969 when M 52 was extended northerly to Webberville . Major intersections
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1,837 | SM U 2 or U II was a U 1 class submarine or U boat built for and operated by the Austro Hungarian Navy ( German Kaiserliche und Knigliche Kriegsmarine or K.u.K. Kriegsmarine ) . U 2 was designed by American Simon Lake 's Lake Torpedo Boat Company and built at the navy yard in Pola . She was one of two Lake designed submarines purchased as part of a competitive evaluation of three foreign submarine designs . U 2 was launched in April 1909 and was 100 feet ( 30 m ) long and displaced almost 230 tonnes ( 250 short tons ) surfaced and just under 249 tonnes ( 274 short tons ) when submerged . The Austro Hungarian Navy conducted trials for U 2 through 1910 . The U boat was originally powered by two gasoline engines for surface running , and two electric motors when submerged , but during her evaluation period , the gasoline engines were found to be incapable of reaching the contracted speed . U 2 was commissioned in June 1911 and served as a training boat for the Austro Hungarian Navy through 1914 . At the beginning of World War I , U 2 was not operational because she was in drydock awaiting replacement diesel engines . With her new engines and a new conning tower installed by June 1915 , U 2 conducted reconnaissance cruises out of Trieste but was declared obsolete in early 1918 . U 2 remained in service as a training boat at the submarine base on Brioni , but was at Pola at the end of the war . She was ceded to Italy as a war reparation in 1920 and scrapped at Pola . U 2 did not sink any ships during the war . Design and construction U 2 was built as part of a plan by the Austro Hungarian Navy to competitively evaluate foreign submarine designs from Simon Lake , Germaniawerft , and John Philip Holland . The Austro Hungarian Navy ordered plans for U 2 ( and sister ship U 1 ) in 1906 from the Lake Torpedo Boat Company of Bridgeport , Connecticut . U 2 was built at the Pola Navy Yard and was launched on 3 April 1909 . U 2 had several features typical of Lake 's designs , including a diving chamber under the bow and two variable pitch propellers . Lake 's design also called for two retractable wheels that allowed travel over the seabed . The design also placed the diving tanks above the waterline of the single , cylindrical hull , which necessitated a heavy ballast keel for vertical stability . This arrangement required mechanical pumping , a procedure that took 8 minutes . U 2 's propulsion system consisted of two gasoline engines for surface running and two electric motors for running while submerged . The boat was 100 feet ( 30 m ) long by 15 feet 9 inches ( 4 . 80 m ) abeam and had a draft of 12 feet 8 inches ( 3 . 86 m ) . As designed , her displacement was 229 . 7 long tons ( 233 . 4 t ) surfaced and 248 . 9 long tons ( 252 . 9 t ) submerged . She was outfitted with three 45 centimeter ( 17 . 7 in ) torpedo tubes two in the bow , one in the stern and could carry up to five torpedoes , but typically carried three . U 2 was also armed with a 3 . 7 centimeter ( 1 . 5 in ) deck gun . Service career Upon U 2 's completion , the Austro Hungarian Navy conducted trials of the submarine throughout most of 1910 . U 2 's gasoline engines were never able to meet the speed called for in the contract during the Navy evaluations , and were considered not suitable for wartime use . As a result , the Navy only paid for U 2 's hull and armament , and arranged a lease of the gasoline engines while replacement diesel engines were ordered from the Austrian firm Maschinenfabrik unk . Despite the engine problems , U 2 and her sister ship had the best performance in diving and steering amongst the U boats under evaluation by the Navy . U 2 was commissioned into the Austro Hungarian Navy on 22 June 1911 under the command of Linienschiffsleutnant Klemens Ritter von Bzard . U 2 served as a training boat through 1915 , conducting up to ten training cruises per month . At the outbreak of World War I , she was in drydock awaiting the installation of her new diesel engines . To accommodate the new engines , she was lengthened by about 11 inches ( 28 cm ) . The modifications and new engines lowered her surface displacement to 223 . 0 tonnes ( 245 . 8 short tons ) but increased her submerged displacement to 277 . 5 tonnes ( 305 . 9 short tons ) . From January to June 1915 , U 2 underwent a refit and received a new conning tower . She was stationed at Trieste in mid July and conducted reconnaissance cruises from that port . On 11 January 1918 , she was declared obsolete , but was retained as a training boat at the submarine base on Brioni . U 2 was at Pola at the war 's end , and was scrapped after her cession to Italy as a war reparation in 1920 . U 2 did not sink any ships during the war .
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1,838 | The 1864 Atlantic hurricane season was the third consecutive Atlantic hurricane season with no hurricane landfall in the United States the longest period on record . However , in the absence of modern satellite and other remote sensing technologies , only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded , so the actual total could be higher . An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 has been estimated . Of the five known 1864 cyclones , four were first documented in 1995 by Jose Fernandez Partagas and Henry Diaz . The first system was initially observed offshore the Southeastern United States on July 16 . It peaked as a Category 1 hurricane on the modern day Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale . Moving rapidly northeastward , the storm was last noted well east of Newfoundland on July 18 . The next system was observed in the south central Gulf of Mexico on July 25 . Because the cyclone was not tracked further , only a single point storm path exists . After tropical cyclogenesis was dormant for over a month , another hurricane was spotted on August 26 to the east of Lesser Antilles . Early on the following day , the hurricane crossed the islands between Dominica and Martinique . After traversing the Caribbean Sea , the storm made landfall in Belize late on August 31 , before dissipating the next day . Offshore Belize , several ships encountered the storm . Along the coast , storm surge flooded some areas . The fourth tropical storm was observed off the East Coast of the United States between September 5 and September 9 . A number of ships sailing in the vicinity of the storm encountered heavy gales . The fifth and final known tropical cyclone was also tracked offshore the East Coast of the United States . Similarly , many vessels experienced rough seas and severe thunderstorms . The season 's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy ( ACE ) rating of 61 . ACE is , broadly speaking , a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed , so storms that last a long time , as well as particularly strong hurricanes , have high ACEs . It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 39 mph ( 63 km h ) , which is tropical storm strength . Storms Hurricane One This storm was first observed by the brig Hattie Eaton on July 16 , while located a few hundred miles offshore the Carolinas . The Hattie Eaton reported sustained winds of 80 mph ( 130 km h ) equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane on the modern day Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale . Early on July 18 , the hurricane weakened to a tropical storm . Several hours later , the storm was last noted by ship Energy , while located about 435 mi ( 700 km ) east of Cape Race , Newfoundland . Tropical Storm Two This storm is known from a single ship report . On July 25 , the bark Daniel bound for New York from Matamoros , Tamaulipas encountered a tropical storm off the unk reef , north of the Yucatan Peninsula . The vessel spent several hours in the cyclone and was also struck by lightning . Hurricane Three A hurricane was first observed well east of the Lesser Antilles on August 26 . The storm moved westward and brought severe weather to Martinique , including hurricane force winds . Throughout its trek across the Caribbean Sea , the system maintained winds of 80 mph ( 130 km h ) . Late on August 31 , the hurricane made landfall in Belize District of Belize . Off the coast , several ships were damaged or sunk . The brig Antonio , the Hannah , and the bark Berkshire were among the ships that capsized . On land , tides up to 5 ft ( 1 . 5 m ) above normal caused coastal flooding in Belize . This storm has been unk traced in sediment near Gales Point . The system steadily weakened over land . Tropical Storm Four Based on reports from several ships , a tropical storm is known to have existed off the East Coast of the United States between September 5 and September 8 . A number of ships approaching New York on September 5 reported an easterly gale . Vessels off Hatteras and Barnegat endured the storm through September 8 . Hurricane Five The final tropical cyclone of the season was observed by the Santa Martha early on October 22 , while located about 355 mi ( 570 km ) east northeast of the Abaco Islands . Based on reports from several ships , it quickly moved northward and intensified into a Category 1 hurricane by midday on October 23 . Around that time , the hurricane peaked with maximum sustained winds of 80 mph ( 130 km h ) . The storm moved rapidly east northeastward and was last noted about 180 mi ( 290 km ) south southwest of Sable Island late on October 24 .
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1,839 | Saint Lucia sent a delegation to compete at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , China . The 2008 Saint Lucian team included four athletes that competed in two sports swimming and athletics . Of these four athletes , Danielle Beaubrun , at age 18 , was the youngest of the competitors . Dominic Johnson , at age 32 , was the oldest , and was the only man sent as part of the 2008 delegation additionally , Johnson was the only Saint Lucian athlete in the 2008 delegation who had previously participated in the Olympics . None of the four athletes advanced past the qualifying stages , and thus did not win any medals . Evans ranked thirtieth overall in the qualifying round for javelin Johnson also ranked thirtieth overall in the pole vault qualifying round and Spencer ranked twenty seventh in the qualifying round for high jump . Additionally , Beaubrun ranked forty second in the swimming qualifying stages . Background The Saint Lucia Olympic Committee sent President Richard Peterkin , Minister of Youth and Sports Lenard unk , Chief de Mission Alfred Emmanuel , Coach Henry Bailey , and Coach Karen Beaubrun to Beijing alongside the four person athletic delegation . Saint Lucia was the 67th nation in line at the 2008 Summer Olympics opening ceremony , in which high jumper Levern Spencer was the flagbearer . Saint Lucians were unable to view the 7 00 am opening ceremony because of issues with the local cable provider . Athletics Three of Saint Lucia 's four athletes competed in athletics Dominic Johnson , unk Spencer , and Erma Gene Evans . Johnson , at age 32 , was the oldest of Saint Lucia 's athletes to participate in the 2008 Summer Olympics . Erma Gene Evans participated in athletics as a javelin thrower . The 2008 Summer Olympics was her Olympic debut . Evans moved forward through two rounds after qualifying under the B standard during her event on 18 August 2008 , but did not rank in the third qualifying round . With a best mark distance of 56 . 27 , Evans ranked thirtieth overall . She did not advance . Dominic Johnson participated in athletics as a pole vaulter , returning to the Olympics for his third time Johnson had previously participated as a pole vaulter ( and , at one time , a relay runner ) on behalf of Saint Lucia in the 2000 Summer Olympics and 1996 Summer Olympics . Johnson flew to San Diego days before the competition cutoff and made the qualifying preliminary height for the Olympics shortly after winning a silver medal at the Central American and Caribbean Championships in Cali , Columbia . Johnson 's event took place on 20 August 2008 . With a height of 5 . 30 metres , Johnson did not qualify , although he tied for seventeenth place in his qualifying group . As such , he did not advance . Johnson tied with the Czech pole vaulter unk Janek for thirtieth place overall . Levern Spencer participated in athletics as a high jumper , making her first appearance in the Olympics . Spencer trained with Coach Wayne Norton of the University of Georgia to hone her skills in the time preceding her performance in the Olympics . Levern Spencer 's personal best time has been compared to medal winners in the event from the 2004 Summer Olympics . Spencer 's best height cleared was 1 . 85 , placing fourteenth in Qualifying Group B. However , during her event on 20 August 2008 , Spencer placed twenty seventh overall , and did not advance . Key Note Ranks given for track events are within the athlete 's heat only Q Qualified for the next round q Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or , in field events , by position without achieving the qualifying target NR National record N A Round not applicable for the event Bye Athlete not required to compete in round Men Women Swimming Danielle Beaubrun was the only Saint Lucian swimmer to participate in the Beijing Olympics . She was the youngest member of the Saint Lucian delegation , at age 18 . The 2008 Summer Olympics served as Beaubrun 's Olympic debut . Beaubrun did not initially qualify for Olympic standards . However , because Saint Lucia had no naturally qualifying swimmers , the country was invited by FINA to send two swimmers to the Olympics , granted the swimmer had participated in the 2007 World Championships . Beaubrun met this criterion , and was selected for this reason . At the time , Beaubrun was enrolled at The Bolles School in Jacksonville , Florida and trained with coach Sergio Lopez . The event in which Beaubrun participated was the 100 meter breaststroke . This event took place on 10 August 2008 . In the second heat of the qualifying round , Beaubrun scored third , with a time of 1 12 . 85 . However , overall , Danielle Beaubrun ranked forty second , and , as a result , did not advance . Women
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1,840 | New York State Route 321 ( NY 321 ) is a state highway in Onondaga County , New York , in the United States . The southern terminus of the route is at an intersection with U.S. Route 20 ( US 20 ) in the village of Skaneateles . Its northern terminus is at an intersection with NY 5 in Bennetts Corners , a hamlet within the town of Camillus . NY 321 is predominantly a north south highway however , a portion of the route through the towns of Elbridge and Camillus follows an east west alignment . The portion of NY 321 in Camillus between Forward Road and NY 5 is maintained by Onondaga County as part of County Route 66 ( CR 66 ) , a route that continues north of NY 5 to Memphis . The majority of NY 321 's routing was originally designated as part of NY 26 in 1924 . NY 26 continued east to the village of Camillus by way of Forward Road and modern NY 174 . All of NY 26 north of Skaneateles was renumbered to NY 321 as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York . It initially overlapped NY 174 from Forward Road to Camillus however , this concurrency was eliminated in the 1960s . NY 321 was rerouted to follow Bennetts Corners Road in the 1980s . Route description NY 321 begins at an intersection with US 20 ( West Genesee Street ) in the Onondaga County village of Skaneateles . The highway , at first , heads northward , intersecting with local streets in the village . After leaving the village and entering the town of the same name , the highway intersects with the Old Seneca Turnpike ( CR 133 ) . NY 321 continues northward , then veers east as it crosses into the town of Elbridge . In Elbridge , NY 321 intersects with several county routes , including Halfway Road ( CR 107 former NY 368 ) , a connector highway leading to the hamlet of Halfway . Soon afterwards , NY 321 turns to the northeast , heading towards NY 5 . The highway intersects Forward Road ( unsigned NY 931F ) just inside the Camillus town line soon after the turn . Forward Road , a local road that passes through a mixture of open fields and forests , serves as a connector between NY 321 and NY 174 . Past Forward Road , NY 321 becomes concurrent with CR 66 as maintenance of the roadway shifts from the New York State Department of Transportation to Onondaga County . The state designation comes to an end at NY 5 in the hamlet of Bennetts Corners west of the village of Camillus shortly after however , CR 66 continues onward . History Origins The town of Skaneateles was incorporated in the 1800s to help build highways in the area . The highways that were proposed were to be built with stone and other materials . Construction began in 1911 on a highway between the Skaneateles Elbridge town line and the hamlet of Martisco within the town of Camillus . It was accepted into the New York state highway system on September 17 , 1912 . An extension of the road south into the town of Skaneateles to the village of the same name was constructed in late 1912 and early 1913 and added to the state highway system in September 1913 . When the first set of posted routes in New York were assigned in 1924 , the Skaneateles Martisco highway was included as part of NY 26 , a route extending from Ithaca to Syracuse by way of Skaneateles . North of Martisco , NY 26 followed Ninemile Creek to the village of Camillus , where it intersected NY 5A ( later NY 5 ) . NY 321 designation NY 26 was split into several different routes as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York . The segment of former NY 26 between US 20 in Skaneateles and NY 5 in Camillus was renumbered to NY 321 . It initially overlapped with NY 174 from Martisco to Camillus . The overlap remained in place until the 1960s when NY 321 was truncated to the southern end of the concurrency in Martisco . In the early 1950s , the portion of NY 321 south of Forward Road was co designated as part of NY 20SY , a largely alternate routing of US 20 between Skaneateles and Manlius via Syracuse . Past Sweets Corners , NY 20SY continued north on a previously unnumbered roadway to NY 5 at Bennetts Corners , where it joined NY 5 east into Camillus . The NY 20SY designation was removed c . 1962 , leaving Bennetts Corners Road from Forward Road to NY 5 as an unnumbered roadway once again . NY 321 was rerouted in the late 1980s to follow Bennetts Corners Road to NY 5 . This part of NY 321 overlapped CR 66 , a highway that began at the junction of Forward and Bennetts Corners Roads and ended in the hamlet of Memphis , and thus became maintained by Onondaga County . The former routing of NY 321 along Forward Road is now designated as NY 931F , an unsigned reference route 1 . 16 miles ( 1 . 87 km ) in length . Major intersections The entire route is in Onondaga County .
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1,841 | The Grumman XSBF , also known by the company designation G 14 , was an American biplane scout bomber developed by Grumman Aircraft for the United States Navy during the 1930s . Derived from Grumman 's successful Fifi fighter , the aircraft was developed at a time when the biplane was giving way to the monoplane . In competition against other aircraft it proved to possess inferior performance in its intended role , and did not enter production . The sole prototype went on to serve as a liaison aircraft , as well as being used in experiments by NACA , before being destroyed in a crash in 1939 . Design and development In late 1934 , the U.S. Navy 's Bureau of Aeronautics ( BuAer ) issued a specification for new scout bomber and torpedo bomber designs . Eight companies submitted 10 designs in response , evenly split between monoplanes and biplanes . Grumman , having successfully provided the FF and F2F fighters to the Navy , along with the SF scout , submitted an advanced development of the SF 2 in response to the specification 's request for a 5 , 000 lb ( 2 , 300 kg ) aircraft capable of carrying a 500 lb ( 230 kg ) bomb . Given the model number G 14 by Grumman , the aircraft received the official designation XSBF 1 by the Navy , and a contract for a single prototype was issued in March 1935 . The XSBF 1 was a two seat biplane , featuring an enclosed cockpit , a fuselage of all metal construction , and wings covered largely with fabric . Power was provided by a 650 hp ( 480 kW ) Pratt Whitney R 1535 Twin Wasp Junior air cooled radial engine driving with a variable pitch propeller . Armament was planned to be two .30 in ( 7 . 62 mm ) forward firing M1919 Browning machine guns , one of which could be replaced by a .50 in ( 12 . 7 mm ) M2 Browning the prototype carried only a single gun . A single .30 in weapon was fitted in the rear cockpit for defense , and one 500 lb ( 230 kg ) bomb to be carried in a launching cradle under the fuselage . The arrestor hook was carried in a fully enclosed position , while flotation bags were fitted in the wings in case the aircraft was forced to ditch . The landing gear of the XSBF 1 was similar to that of the F3F fighter . Operational history The XSBF 1 piloted by test pilot Bud Gillies flew for the first time on December 24 , 1935 . Following initial testing , which found the aircraft to be reasonably faultless , the XSBF 1 was delivered to the U.S. Navy for evaluation in competition with two other biplanes submitted to the 1934 specification , the Great Lakes unk and the Curtiss unk 3 . Unusually for biplanes , all three types possessed retractable landing gear . The evaluation showed that the design from Curtiss was superior to the Grumman and Great Lakes designs , and an order was placed for the Curtiss type , designated SBC 3 Helldiver in service , in August 1936 . With the competition lost , the development of the XSBF 1 came to an end the sole prototype was assigned to Naval Air Station Anacostia , where it had been tested , for use as a liaison aircraft and hack . In addition , the XSBF was used by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics ' Langley Research Laboratory as part of the facility 's work on aeronautical research . During its time at Anacostia , the aircraft was involved in three accidents , one each in 1937 , 1938 and 1939 after the first two accidents , it was repaired . The third accident on May 25 , 1939 resulted in the death of the pilot the XSBF 1 was no longer considered worth returning to flight status , and the aircraft was officially stricken from the Navy inventory in July 1939 . The unk 1 designation , unusually , was re used by the Navy during World War II , assigned to SB2C Helldivers produced under license by Fairchild Aircraft . Operators United States United States Navy Specifications ( XSBF 1 ) Data from General characteristics Crew 2 ( pilot and observer ) Length 25 ft 9 in ( 7 . 85 m ) Upper wingspan 34 ft 6 in ( 10 . 52 m ) Lower wingspan 31 ft 6 in ( 9 . 60 m ) Height 11 ft 3 in ( 3 . 43 m ) Wing area 310 sq ft ( 29 m2 ) Airfoil Clark unk Empty weight 3 , 395 lb ( 1 , 540 kg ) Gross weight 5 , 002 lb ( 2 , 269 kg ) Fuel capacity 130 US gal ( 490 l ) Powerplant 1 Pratt Whitney R 1535 72 Twin Wasp Junior radial engine , 650 hp ( 480 kW ) Propellers 2 bladed Hamilton Standard variable pitch Performance Maximum speed 215 mph ( 346 km h 187 kn ) Stall speed 67 mph ( 58 kn 108 km h ) Range 525 mi ( 456 nmi 845 km ) Combat range 688 mi ( 598 nmi 1 , 107 km ) Service ceiling 26 , 000 ft ( 7 , 925 m ) Armament Guns 1 .30 in ( 7 . 62 mm ) machine gun in cowling 1 .30 in machine gun in rear cockpit Bombs Up to 500 pounds ( 230 kg )
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1,842 | No Debes Jugar ( English You Shouldn 't Play Around ) is a song recorded by American recording artist Selena for her first live album Live ( 1993 ) . It was composed by Selena y Los Dinos keyboardist Ricky Vela and Selena 's brother and principal record producer A.B. Quintanilla III . The song was produced by Quintanilla III and Argentine music producer Bebu Silvetti . No Debes Jugar was released as the lead single from Live . It peaked at number 3 on the US Hot Latin Tracks on the week ending 14 August 1993 . On the week ending 9 April 2011 , No Debes Jugar entered the Regional Mexican Digital Songs chart . Lyrically the song describes a woman whose life is centered on being unappreciated by her boyfriend . She finally stands up for herself announcing that she is done playing around and threatens to leave . The central theme explored on the song suggests women empowerment in its lyrical content . No Debes Jugar is an uptempo Mexican cumbia song with influences of Rock en Espaol . The song received generally positive reviews from music critics who praised its originality and mixing of music genres . No Debes Jugar received a Song of the Year nomination from the 1994 Tejano Music Awards and the 1994 Lo Nuestro Awards . The song has been covered by Mexican American singer Jennifer Pea , Puerto Rican salsa singer La India , Mexican contestant rika Alcocer Luna , and Mexican band Banda El Grullo . Background and composition No Debes Jugar was written by Selena y Los Dinos keyboardist Ricky Vela and Selena 's brother , principle record producer and songwriter A.B. Quintanilla III . It was produced by Quintanilla III and Argentine music producer Bebu Silvetti . The song was intended to be one of three studio tracks for Selena 's Live ( 1993 ) album . Vela had written most of the lyrics while touring with Los Dinos in the 1992 93 period . Quintanilla III later co wrote the song after Vela finished the lyrics . Quintanilla III only made a few adjustments to the song and began adding music notes for pre production . No Debes Jugar was recorded in Corpus Christi , Texas at Selena 's father and manager Abraham Quintanilla , Jr . ' s recording studio Q Productions . After recording sessions were done , EMI Latin argued that the song should be the lead single from Live . Before the album was released , the song was mixed by Brian Red Moore , a family friend . No Debes Jugar is an uptempo Mexican cumbia song with influences of Rock en Espaol . Written in the key of E flat major , the beat is set in common time and moves at a moderate 89 beats per minute . It centers the organ as its musical instrument foundation . Ramiro Burr of the Houston Chronicle stated that Selena blended Mexican polka rhythms with melodic , synth driven pop hooks in No Debes Jugar and La Llamada . Lyrically , the song describes a woman whose life is centered on being unappreciated by her boyfriend . She finally stands up for herself announcing that she is done playing around and threatens to leave . The central theme explored on the song suggests women empowerment . Critical reception and covers Jim Beal Jr. of the San Antonio Express News wrote that No Debes Jugar outshines the rest of the songs on Live including the two other studio tracks . An editor from the Fort Worth Star Telegram praised Selena 's usage of different genres when recording No Debes Jugar , which the editor believed helped the song to be distinguished when played on radio . Sally Jacobs of the Boston Globe noted the originality of No Debes Jugar as being Selena 's trademark . Jacobs also believed that it is one of her cumbia signature songs and most popular cumbia song . No Debes Jugar received a Song of the Year nomination at the 1994 Tejano Music Awards , and Regional Mexican Song of the Year at the 1994 Lo Nuestro Awards Awards . It was among the Top 10 Spanish Hits of 1993 according to the Orlando Sentinel . According to the Austin American Statesman , No Debes Jugar was the best Tejano single of 1993 . Mexican American Latin pop artist Jennifer Pea covered No Debes Jugar when she was 12 at the Jim Wells County Fair in Corpus Christi , Texas . Puerto Rican salsa singer La India covered the song during the Selena VIVE concert . Michael Clark of the Houston Chronicle wrote that India belted effortless notes that wafted to the rafters on No Debes Jugar . On the second season of La Academia , contestant rika Alcocer Luna covered No Debes Jugar . Mexican band Banda El Grullo recorded the song for their album 30 unk 1 en Banda . Track listing CD Single No Debes Jugar 3 49 Credits and personnel All credits were taken from the Live album notes . Charts Awards and nominations
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1,843 | HMS Basilisk was a B class destroyer built for the Royal Navy around 1930 . Initially assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet , she was transferred to the Home Fleet in 1936 . The ship escorted convoys and conducted anti submarine patrols early in World War II before participating in the Norwegian Campaign . Basilisk was sunk by German aircraft during the Dunkirk evacuation in 1940 . Description Basilisk displaced 1 , 360 long tons ( 1 , 380 t ) at standard load and 1 , 790 long tons ( 1 , 820 t ) at deep load . The ship had an overall length of 323 feet ( 98 . 5 m ) , a beam of 32 feet 3 inches ( 9 . 8 m ) and a draught of 12 feet 3 inches ( 3 . 7 m ) . She was powered by Brown Curtis geared steam turbines , driving two shafts , which developed a total of 34 , 000 shaft horsepower ( 25 , 000 kW ) and gave a maximum speed of 35 knots ( 65 km h 40 mph ) . Steam for the turbines was provided by three Admiralty 3 drum boilers . Basilisk carried a maximum of 390 long tons ( 400 t ) of fuel oil that gave her a range of 4 , 800 nautical miles ( 8 , 900 km 5 , 500 mi ) at 15 knots ( 28 km h 17 mph ) . The ship 's complement was 134 officers and enlisted men , although it increased to 142 during wartime . The ship mounted four 45 calibre QF 4 . 7 inch Mk IX guns in single mounts . For anti aircraft ( AA ) defence , Basilisk had two 40 millimetre ( 1 . 6 in ) QF 2 pounder Mk II AA guns mounted on a platform between her funnels . She was fitted with two above water quadruple torpedo tube mounts for 21 inch ( 533 mm ) torpedoes . One depth charge rail and two throwers were fitted 20 depth charges were originally carried , but this increased to 35 shortly after the war began . The ship was fitted with a Type 119 ASDIC set to detect submarines by reflections from sound waves beamed into the water . Career The ship was ordered on 4 March 1929 from John Brown Company at Clydebank , Glasgow , under the 1928 Naval Programme . She was laid down on 19 August 1929 , and launched on 6 August 1930 , as the eighth RN ship to carry this name . Basilisk was completed on 4 March 1931 at a cost of 220 , 342 , excluding items supplied by the Admiralty such as guns , ammunition and communications equipment . After her commissioning , she was assigned to the 4th Destroyer Flotilla with the Mediterranean Fleet until 1936 . The flotilla was reassigned to the Home Fleet in September 1936 . In February 1937 Basilisk arrived at the post of Mlaga , Spain , captured a few days before by the Franco 's forces in the Spanish Civil War . Basilisk 's captain gained the release of Sir Peter Chalmers Mitchell , a British zoologist resident in Mlaga , who was arrested by Franco 's troops due to his support of the Spanish Republic . The ship became the emergency destroyer at Devonport in March 1939 and was assigned to the 19th Destroyer Flotilla when World War II began . Basilisk spent the next two months escorting convoys and patrolling in the English Channel and the North Sea . The ship and her sister Blanche were escorting the minelayer Adventure on the morning of 13 November in the Thames Estuary when they entered a minefield laid the night before by several German destroyers . Adventure and Blanche both struck mines the latter lost all power and later capsized whilst under tow . Basilisk continued to escort convoys and patrol until April 1940 when the Norwegian Campaign began . On 24 April , the ship , together with the destroyers Wren and Hesperus , escorted the battleship Resolution to Narvik on 24 April . In early May , she escorted the troopship Empress of Australia to Norway . Basilisk supported the Allied landings on 12 13 May at Bjerkvik during the Battle of Narvik . The ship was transferred from the Western Approaches Command on 30 May to support the evacuation from Dunkirk . She made two trips to Dover during the following day and evacuated a total of 695 men . Basilisk returned to La Panne to load more troops on the morning of 1 June and was attacked three times by German bombers . One bomb from the first wave detonated inside the No. 3 boiler room , killed all of her boiler and engine room personnel , fractured her steam lines and knocked out all her machinery . Near misses from the same attack buckled the sides of her hull and her upper deck . The ship 's torpedoes and depth charges were jettisoned to reduce topweight and the French fishing trawler Jolie unk attempted to tow Basilisk . A second attack caused no further damage , but caused the French ship to drop the tow . The third attack around noon sank Basilisk in shallow water at 51 08 16 N 02 35 06 E. Jolie unk and the destroyer Whitehall rescued eight officers and 123 crewmen from the ship . Whitehall then destroyed the wreck with gunfire and torpedoes .
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1,844 | Hurricane Madeline was a Category 4 hurricane that made landfall in Mexico in October 1976 . Madeline formed on September 29 , not far from Central America . The next day , the circulation dissipated , and as a result weakened to a remnant low . Four days later , on October 3 , the low regenerated into a tropical depression . The system remained weak for three days as it drifted west northwest . When it began to recurve towards Mexico on October 6 , the cyclone rapidly intensified , eventually making landfall at peak intensity as a Category 4 . Shortly after landfall , the cyclone rapidly dissipated . Prior to the arrival of Madeline , 15 , 000 people evacuated form the coast , which had already been impacted by Hurricane Liza . Heavy damage was reported , along with seven fatalities . Two dams were flooded extensive crop damage was reported . Meteorological history Early on September 27 , 1976 , the Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center ( EPHC ) reported that a tropical disturbance had formed about 770 km ( 480 mi ) to the southwest of San Jose , Costa Rica . During the next two days the disturbance slowly developed while moving northwest . By the morning of September 29 , the disturbance was upgraded to a 40 mph ( 65 km h ) tropical storm and based on ship reports and satellite imagery . Due to the fact that it attained tropical storm status , it was named Madeline . At this time , the cyclone had developed a center of circulation . Its intensification was short lived and Madeline remained at tropical storm strength for just 12 hours before it was downgraded into a tropical depression . Madeline remained at tropical depression strength until September 30 . At that time , the EPHC reported that the circulation center was no longer visible and downgraded the system to a remnant low , while located 575 mi ( 925 km ) to the southeast of Acapulco , Mexico . Over the following days , the low moved towards the west and started to regenerate with a circulation center becoming visible early on October 3 . Based on this , the EPHC re upgraded Madeline to a tropical depression . Continuing to intensify , Madeline was soon upgraded to a tropical storm for the second time . During the next day or two , Madeline remained near stationary before turning towards the northeast on October 5 . As the cyclone moved over an area of warm seas surface temperatures , the storm started to intensify . During the next day , Madeline slowly developed an eye before intensifying into a hurricane . In addition , a Hurricane Hunter aircraft reported winds 75 mph ( 120 km h ) winds and a pressure of 984 millibars . During October 7 , with warm water helping to fuel its intensification , Madeline quickly intensified into a Category 2 hurricane , and was upgraded to a major hurricane ( Category 3 or higher on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale ) early on October 8 . Based on hurricane hunter reports , Madeline reached its peak sustained winds of 145 mph ( 230 km h ) and a peak pressure of 940 millibars early on the 8th . This made Madeline a moderate Category 4 hurricane . Later that morning Madeline made landfall to the northwest of Zihuatanejo as a powerful Category 4 hurricane , before it rapidly dissipated over land . Preparations and impact Mexican army headquarters put in effect an emergency plan three days prior to the arrival of the hurricane . An estimated 15 , 000 people evacuated from threatened areas in the path of Madeline . According to one report , evacuations prior to Madeline were considered a success . Hurricane warnings and flood warnings were issued along the coastlines of Michoacn and Guerrero . In addition , tropical storm warnings were issued for nine states in Mexico . This warning area extended as far inland as the area west of the Gulf of Mexico . Hurricane Madeline produced heavy rains over Mexico , peaking at 16 . 57 in ( 421 mm ) , rainfall fell at El unk San Marcos . According to Comision Nacional del Agua , a parent agency of the Servicio Meteorolgico Nacional , rainfall fell at 2 , 069 sites . Damage from the hurricane was considered to be severe . In Chilpancingo , Guerrero , two people drowned from the hurricane . In addition , five other deaths were reported . The cyclone also flooded two major hydro electrical dams and power outages were reported . While no serious damage was reported in Zihuatanejo , many boats were damaged . In addition , the storm caused extensive crop damage . Losses from Madeline , combined with previous hurricanes Liza and Kathleen , were estimated at 200 million ( 1976 USD ) . It was the second storm to strike Mexico within a week Hurricane Liza was the first . When Madeline was over the ocean , it impacted several ships , but no major damage from these ships was reported .
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1,845 | One Day in History was a single day initiative by several UK heritage organisations that aimed to provide a historical record of the everyday life of the British public in the early 21st century . Described as the world 's biggest blog , it encouraged UK citizens to write diary entries of 100 650 words of what they had done on 17 October 2006 , and then upload them to the official website of the initiative . The project formed a part of History Matters Pass It On , a history campaign led by several UK heritage organisations . Submissions were received until 1 November , and 46 , 000 entries were uploaded in this time , many of which were from students and celebrities . After being available to view on the History Matters website , the archive of the diary entries was moved to the UK Web Archive at the British Library and the library of the University of Sussex . The campaign received mixed reviews , with Institute of Historical Research 's David Cannadine and The Guardian 's Dave Hill speaking positively of it , whereas journalist John Plunkett termed it to be a historical record of people with computers . Project One Day in History was launched as a part of History Matters , a campaign led by several heritage organisations such as the National Trust , English Heritage and the Historic Houses Association , in order to draw attention towards the importance of history in everyday life . Its aim was to record for posterity what day to day life was like in the UK during 2006 . British people were invited to write a blog of what they did on 17 October 2006 , and to submit it to become a part of a large online diary . The project was open to all UK citizens and individuals of British origin , and was inspired by Mass Observation , a similar social research project founded in 1937 . The date was chosen to be 17 October by History Matters in the hope that it would be an ordinary day much like any other of no particular national significance , and would therefore reflect the everyday life of its participants . Historian Dan Snow explained that the project was intended to be a detailed account of people 's normal lives when they 're doing nothing out of the ordinary . ... It 's those mundane details , those boring details that will seem extraordinary to people hundreds of years in the future . The organisers hoped that the contributors could also discuss the impact of history or heritage on their lives that day in their submissions . Each entry was limited to a length of 100 650 words . To allow some time for drafting and proofreading , participants were allowed to upload their diary entries until the end of the month . Schoolchildren were encouraged to take part , with all 29 , 000 UK schools being invited to participate . On the day itself , the homepages of the 2 , 000 computers in the unk network were all set to the History Matters website , and several celebrities and public figures also voiced their support of the initiative , including Stephen Fry , Bob Geldof and Tony Robinson . Public response By the afternoon of 17 October , the One Day in History website had received more than 5 , 000 submissions , at a rate of three per second , and by 1800 BST ( 1700 GMT ) this number grew to 8 , 000 . Within three days , 41 , 250 blogs were posted to the site , and by 1 November , a final total of 46 , 000 submissions were received . The entries were briefly displayed on the History Matters website , before being archived in both the UK Web Archive at the British Library and in the library of the University of Sussex . The National Trust described the project and its response from the public as hugely successful . Media response David Cannadine of the Institute of Historical Research spoke positively of One Day in History , remarking The wonderful thing about these records is we don 't yet know what it is about them that will be interesting in the future . In promotion of the project , Fiona Reynolds , the Director General of the National Trust , stated We want this day to have its own place in history and be a snapshot of everyday life at the beginning of the 21st century . Journalist John Plunkett expressed scepticism of this aim , writing in The Guardian that , despite the intentions of the campaign , it was only going to be a historical record of people with computers . He was also critical of History Matters in general , saying that he had no idea how history was going to impact on him . Dave Hill , also writing for The Guardian , described the campaign as a brilliant idea . Following the publication of the diary entries , Robert Booth , a journalist for The Sunday Times , remarked that the monotony of most of the British public 's lives was all too painfully obvious .
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1,846 | Route 88 is a state highway in the northern part of Ocean County , New Jersey , United States . It runs 10 . 02 mi ( 16 . 13 km ) from an intersection with U.S. Route 9 ( US 9 ) and County Route 547 ( CR 547 ) in Lakewood Township to an intersection with Route 35 in Point Pleasant . It is a two lane undivided road that passes through mostly residential and commercial areas . The route intersects CR 549 in Lakewood , Route 70 in Brick Township at the former Laurelton Circle , and CR 549 Spur in Point Pleasant . The road is mentioned in the lyrics of the 1973 song Spirit in the Night by Bruce Springsteen . The route was built as a gravel county road in 1903 and became part of pre 1927 Route 4 , a route that was to run from Absecon to Rahway , in 1916 . US 9 was designated along this stretch of road in 1926 when the U.S. Highway System was created . A year later , in 1927 , this portion of pre 1927 Route 4 became a part of Route 35 , a route that was to from Lakewood to South Amboy . By the 1940s , US 9 was moved off this road to follow its current alignment between Lakewood and South Amboy . In 1953 , Route 35 was realigned to follow a portion of Route 37 between Point Pleasant and Seaside Heights , and Route 88 was designated along the former alignment of Route 35 between Lakewood and Point Pleasant . The Laurelton Circle at Route 70 , built in 1937 , was replaced with the current intersection by the 1990s . Route description Route 88 begins at an intersection with US 9 and CR 547 in Lakewood Township , and heads eastward on Main Street , a two lane undivided road . The road heads through the downtown before heading into wooded residential areas , where it becomes Ocean Avenue at the Pearl Street intersection before coming to a junction with CR 20 . Past this intersection , the route heads through a mix of residences and businesses with some woodland . Route 88 intersects CR 623 , where it heads through a commercial district , crossing CR 549 . A short distance later , the route passes under the Garden State Parkway without an interchange before crossing the Metedeconk River into Brick Township . Here , the road heads through a mix of residential and commercial areas , intersecting CR 64 , CR 44 , CR 40 , and CR 16 . It turns south and intersects CR 40 before crossing Route 70 . Past this intersection , Route 88 briefly splits into a one way pair . Here , the eastbound direction follows Princeton Avenue southeast before turning north onto Post Road , with CR 630 continuing along Princeton Avenue , while westbound Route 88 follows Princeton Post Road . Past the one way pair , the route continues northeast on Princeton Post Road , which passes by numerous businesses . Along this stretch of road Route 88 intersects several county routes , including CR 64 again , CR 42 , CR 10 , and CR 54 . The route heads into Point Pleasant , where it intersects CR 56 before crossing Beaver Dam Creek and becoming Sea Avenue . From here , the road crosses CR 632 before heading east and intersecting CR 549 Spur and CR 630 . After this intersection , Route 88 crosses the Point Pleasant Canal ( part of the Intracoastal Waterway ) on a lift bridge before heading east through residential areas with some businesses . Here , the road intersects CR 633 CR 10 , CR 6 , and CR 604 . A short distance later , Route 88 ends at an intersection with Route 35 on the border of Point Pleasant and Point Pleasant Beach . History What is modern day Route 88 was first built as a hard gravel county road back in 1903 , the first such road in Ocean County . In 1916 , this road was designated as a part of pre 1927 Route 4 , a state road that was to run from Absecon north to Rahway . With the creation of the U.S. Highway System in 1926 , US 9 was also designated along this route , running concurrent with Route 4 . In the 1927 New Jersey state highway renumbering a year later , Route 35 replaced this portion of pre 1927 Route 4 as part of its route from Lakewood to South Amboy . By the 1940s , US 9 was moved off this portion of Route 35 to follow its current alignment along Route 4 between Lakewood and South Amboy . In the 1953 New Jersey state highway renumbering , Route 35 was realigned to follow what was a part of Route 37 between Point Pleasant and Seaside Heights , and Route 88 was designated along the former alignment of Route 35 between Lakewood and Point Pleasant . A traffic circle called the Laurelton Circle , built in 1937 , once existed at the intersection with Route 70 it was replaced with its current configuration by the 1990s . Route 88 was referred to in the 1973 song Spirit in the Night by Bruce Springsteen on his debut album Greetings from Asbury Park , unk .. Major intersections The entire route is in Ocean County .
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1,847 | The 1953 Football Association Charity Shield was the 29th FA Charity Shield , an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season 's Football League First Division and FA Cup competitions . It was held at Highbury Stadium on 12 October 1953 . The game was played between Arsenal , champions of the 1952 53 Football League and Blackpool , who had beaten Bolton Wanderers to win the 1953 FA Cup Final . This was Blackpool 's first FA Charity Shield appearance to Arsenal 's ninth . In the match , Blackpool started strongly and scored first with Stan Mortensen 's goal in the 30th minute . Against the run of play , however , Arsenal equalised through Tommy Lawton and in the second half they went ahead when Doug Lishman reacted first to a rebounded shot . Lishman scored his second of the match in the 80th minute , which sealed a seventh Charity Shield honour for Arsenal . Background The FA Charity Shield was founded in 1908 as a successor to the Sheriff of London Charity Shield . It was a contest between the respective champions of the Football League and Southern League , and then by 1913 teams of amateur and professional players . In 1921 , it was played by the Football League champions and FA Cup winners for the first time . Arsenal qualified for the 1953 FA Charity Shield as champions of the 1952 53 Football League First Division . The other Charity Shield place went to Blackpool who won the 1952 53 FA Cup . The final of the competition , which pitted Blackpool against Bolton Wanderers , was best remembered for Stanley Matthews ' performance , and later associated by his name . The 1953 Shield marked Blackpool 's first appearance in the annual contest . By contrast , this was Arsenal 's ninth Charity Shield appearance prior to the game they had won six Shields ( 1930 , 1931 , 1933 , 1934 , 1938 and 1948 ) , and lost two ( 1935 and 1936 ) . Arsenal announced their team two days before the match , recalling Cliff Holton who had recovered from injury . Blackpool refused to reveal their team until the evening of 12 October , but manager Joe Smith did confirm to the press that Matthews would start . Match Summary On a foggy , floodlit night at Highbury , it was the visitors who dominated the early proceedings The Times football correspondent assessing that Blackpool 's forward line had flowed sweetly , the ball on the ground in the most lovely sic , sweeping movements . Matthews was at the heart of their best moves and , in particular , one pass through the Arsenal defence sent Bill Perry clear on goal . He tripped over the incoming Arsenal goalkeeper Jack Kelsey , but quickly managed to get up . With Kelsey out of his line , Perry was presented with the chance to score , but his shot hit the post . Blackpool continued to create chances and went ahead after 30 minutes of play . Breaking forward with the ball from the half way line , Matthews combined with his team mate Ernie Taylor , which culminated in Stan Mortensen getting the better of his marker and shooting past Kelsey . Despite Blackpool 's dominance , Arsenal managed to equalise seconds before half time . From the left wing , Holton got the better of his opponent Eddie unk by taking the ball off him , and proceeded to cross the ball found Tommy Lawton who scored from the byline . Once play resumed in the second half , Blackpool struggled to reproduce the same kind of intensity that had merited their earlier lead . Arsenal dictated play the longer the match went on , and looked more assured in defence The Times singled out Mercer s growing influence , adding one noticed the improvement of Bill Dodgin at centre half , and the high promise of young Len Wills , playing only his second game at right back . Arsenal took the lead in the 65th minute when Jimmy Logie 's pass was collected by Holton . His shot at goal rebounded into the path of Doug Lishman , who was following up , and he scored . Ten minutes before the end , a cross by Don Roper into Blackpool s penalty area was headed down by Lawton the ball reached Lishman who scored again to make sure of Arsenal 's win . The Shield was presented to Arsenal by Lord Alexander of Tunis , the Minister of Defence . Gate receipts for the match totalled 6 , 589 . In his assessment of the game , The Manchester Guardian 's football correspondent John Woodcock wrote The football was not the only thing that had been of a high order . The sportsmanship and spirit in which it was played had been in every way as fine . Arsenal ended the season 12th in the First Division , and reached the fourth round of the FA Cup . Blackpool finished six positions higher in the league , but progressed no further than the fifth round of the cup competition . Details Source
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1,848 | The 156th Boat Race took place on 3 April 2010 . Held annually , the event is a side by side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames . The race was won by Cambridge . Of the eighteen competitors in the race , six were British . Of the non British rowers , the Oxford crew featured the American Olympic finalists , the Winklevoss twins . It was the first time the race had a title sponsor it was also known as the Xchanging Boat Race , having been sponsored by Xchanging . Oxford won the Women 's Boat Race by four lengths while Cambridge 's Goldie beat Oxford 's Isis in the reserve race . Background The Boat Race is a side by side rowing competition between the University of Oxford ( sometimes referred to as the Dark Blues ) and the University of Cambridge ( sometimes referred to as the Light Blues ) . First held in 1829 , the race takes place on the 4 . 2 mile ( 6 . 8 km ) Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London . The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities and followed throughout the United Kingdom and broadcast worldwide . Oxford went into the race as reigning champions , having won the 2009 race by three and a half lengths , while Cambridge led overall with 79 victories to Oxford 's 75 ( excluding the dead heat of 1877 ) . The race was sponsored by Xchanging for the sixth consecutive year , but it was the first time in the 180 year history of the Boat Race that the title had been given over to sponsorship as such it was referred to as the Xchanging Boat Race . Prior to the race , Oxford University Boat Club president and Dutch international rower Sjoerd Hamburger claimed Last year we had an exceptional crew , power wise , which we don 't have this year , but we 're starting to match the times we did last year , so I 'm very pleased . His Cambridge counterpart , American unk McEachern , responded we 're faster . Umpire and former Cambridge Blue Simon Harris suggested that he did not anticipate any problems with the two coxes obeying his instructions I 've been impressed by the coxes , how they 've responded to the umpire 's calls . The first Women 's Boat Race took place in 1927 , but did not become an annual fixture until the 1960s . Up until 2014 , the contest was conducted as part of the Henley Boat Races , but as of the 2015 race , it is held on the River Thames , on the same day as the men 's main and reserve races . The reserve race , contested between Oxford 's Isis boat and Cambridge 's Goldie boat has been held since 1965 . It usually takes place on the Tideway , prior to the main Boat Race . Crews Cambridge 's crew weighed an average of 1 pound ( 0 . 45 kg ) per rower more than Oxford . The Dark Blues were coached by Sean Bowden for the 13th time while the Light Blues saw Chris Nilsson act as chief coach for the second time . Cambridge 's crew featured four Britons , three Americans and two Canadians , while Oxford 's consisted of three Americans , two Britons , and rowers from Ireland , The Netherlands , Canada ( dual nationality ) and Germany . Oxford 's crew included the Winklevoss twins ( Cameron and Tyler ) , who rowed in the 2008 Olympic Games for the United States in the men 's coxless pair . Cambridge 's bowman , Canadian international rower Robert unk , had won the gold in the men 's eight at the World Rowing Cup in 2007 . Race Oxford were pre race favourites , and won the toss , electing to start the race from the Surrey station . They took an early lead and were nearly half a length up on Cambridge by the time the crews passed the Harrods Furniture Depository . The boats closed in on one another and umpire Harris was forced to issue a number of warnings to both coxes as the crews came close to clashing oars . The Light Blues pulled themselves back into contention around the Chiswick Reach and took the lead into Corney Reach . Oxford attempted to find a quicker racing line and were still in touch , but Cambridge inched away from them , passing the finishing post one and a third lengths ahead in a time of 17 minutes 35 seconds . Oxford won the 65th Women 's Boat Race by four lengths , their third consecutive victory . Oxford 's Isis beat Cambridge 's Goldie in the reserve race by two lengths , their first win in three years . Reaction Cambridge cox Randolph exclaimed The whole way through I was thinking ' We could win it , we could win it , we could win it . Race umpire Simon Harris declared it was a fantastic race . Olympic medallist Steve Redgrave remarked All credit to Oxford ... but all the way from the bend on there was only going to be one winner . It just took Cambridge a little while before they believed it was going to happen .
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1,849 | HMS Blonde was the lead ship of the her class of scout cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century . She led the 7th Destroyer Flotilla in the Mediterranean Fleet from completion until 1912 . The ship was temporarily assigned to the 1st Destroyer Flotilla before she joined the 4th Battle Squadron in 1913 . During the First World War , Blonde was assigned to various battleship squadrons of the Grand Fleet . The ship was converted into a minelayer in 1917 , but never actually laid any mines . She was reduced to reserve in 1919 and sold for scrap in 1920 . Design and description Designed to provide destroyer flotillas with a command ship capable of outclassing enemy destroyers with her 10 four inch ( 102 mm ) guns , Blonde proved too slow in service from the start of her career . Her 25 knot ( 46 km h 29 mph ) speed was inadequate to match the 27 to 30 knot ( 50 to 56 km h 31 to 35 mph ) speeds of the destroyers she led in her flotilla . Displacing 3 , 350 long tons ( 3 , 400 t ) , the ship had an overall length of 406 feet ( 123 . 7 m ) , a beam of 41 feet 6 inches ( 12 . 6 m ) and a deep draught of 14 feet 3 inches ( 4 . 3 m ) . She was powered by four Parsons steam turbines , each driving one shaft . The turbines produced a total of 18 , 000 indicated horsepower ( 13 , 000 kW ) , using steam produced by 12 Yarrow boilers , and gave a maximum speed of 25 knots ( 46 km h 29 mph ) . She carried a maximum of 780 long tons ( 790 t ) of coal and 189 long tons ( 192 t ) of fuel oil . Her crew consisted of 314 officers and enlisted men . Her main armament consisted of 10 breech loading ( BL ) four inch Mk VII guns . The forward pair of guns were mounted side by side on a platform on the forecastle , three pairs were port and starboard amidships , and the two remaining guns were on the centreline of the quarterdeck , one ahead of the other . The guns fired their 31 pound ( 14 kg ) shells to a range of about 11 , 400 yards ( 10 , 400 m ) . Her secondary armament was four quick firing ( QF ) three pounder ( 47 mm ( 1 . 9 in ) ) Vickers Mk I guns and two submerged 21 inch ( 530 mm ) torpedo tubes . As a scout cruiser , the ship was only lightly protected to maximize her speed . She had a curved protective deck that was one inch ( 25 mm ) thick on the slope and .5 inches ( 13 mm ) on the flat . Her conning tower was protected by four inches of armour . Construction and service Blonde , the eighth and last ship of that name , was laid down on No. 5 Slipway at Pembroke Royal Dockyard , on 6 December 1909 and launched on 22 July 1910 by Lady Frances Williams , wife of Sir Osmond Williams , 1st Baronet . She was completed in May 1911 with Captain Thomas Bonham in command and became the leader of the 7th Destroyer Flotilla in the Mediterranean through 1912 . Captain Arthur Hulbert assumed command of the ship and the 1st Destroyer Flotilla of the First Fleet on 10 May 1912 . He was lost at sea on 12 January 1913 and replaced by Captain Thomas Shelford . He was relieved by Captain William Blunt on 25 April and transferred to the scout cruiser , Fearless , when that ship was assigned to the flotilla . The ship had been transferred to the 4th Battle Squadron as of 18 June and Captain Albert Scott assumed command on 5 July . The ship was still assigned to the 4th Battle Squadron of the Grand Fleet in Scapa Flow at the start of the war in August 1914 . Captain John Casement was in command 20 March 21 May 1916 . Blonde and the Flotilla leader Broke were on patrol east of Scapa Flow when a depth charge carried by Blonde unk exploded . , damaging here upper deck and killing two of her crew . The accident resulted in the type of depth charge carried by Blonde , the Egerton Depth Charge , being withdrawn from use by the Grand Fleet . The ship was under refit in April 1916 and missed the Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1 June 1916 . Blonde was still detached in August . By October , she had rejoined the 4th Battle Squadron , with Captain Basil Brooke in command , but had been transferred to the 1st Battle Squadron by April 1917 , Captain The Honourable Arthur Forbes Sempill having assumed command in February . On 1 June , Commander Theodore Hallett relived Forbes unk . In September 1917 , she was converted into a minelayer , but never laid any mines in combat . Hallett was relived by Captain Gregory Wood Martin on 30 December and he retained command until 10 January 1919 when he was relieved in turn by Captain Maurice Evans . Blonde was in reserve by February and had been assigned to the Nore Reserve by 1 May , together with her sister ship Blanche . The sisters were listed for sale by 18 March 1920 and Blonde was sold for scrap on 6 May to T. C. Pas , and was broken up in the Netherlands .
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1,850 | In hip hop culture , a grill ( most commonly spelled as unk also fronts or golds ) is a type of jewelry worn over the teeth . Grills are made of metal and are generally removable . They began to be worn by hip hop artists in the early 1980s , and upgraded during the 90s in Oakland , but they became more widely popular during the mid 2000s due to the rise of Southern hip hop rap and the more mainstream pop culture status hip hop attained . Though grills are fitted to the tooth impression of the wearer , whether they are safe for long term wear is unknown . Characteristics and wearer demographics Grills are made of several types of metal ( often silver , gold or platinum ) that are sometimes inlaid with precious stones they are generally removable , though some may be permanently attached to the teeth . Gold grills can be made from 10 karat , up to 24 karat gold . The gold can be tinted yellow , white and rose color . Grills can cost anywhere from one hundred dollars to thousands of dollars , depending on the materials used and the number of teeth covered . As of 2006 , grills were most often worn by 18 to 35 year old African American male hip hop listeners , and one commentator argued that grills will never become mainstream . However , grills received mainstream attention , including on network television , when , during the 2012 Summer Olympics , Olympic swimmer Ryan Lochte posed with a grill that sported stones in the design of an American flag he had previously worn diamond grills after earlier competitions . History The insertion of gems into teeth has long predated hip hop culture , with rich Mayans drilling pieces of jade into their teeth . Hip hop artists began wearing grills in the early 1980s New Yorker Eddie Plein , owner of Eddie 's Gold Teeth , is often credited with starting the trend . Plein made gold caps for Flavor Flav , and then outfitted New York rappers including Big Daddy Kane and Kool G. Rap . He later moved to Atlanta , where he designed ever more elaborate grills for rappers like OutKast , Goodie Mob , Ludacris , and Lil Jon . Other writers have cited Slick Rick and Afrika Bambaataa as an important early contributor to the popularity of grills . Grills remained popular in the Southern U.S. , especially in Houston or Memphis , even as they rose and fell from popularity elsewhere , and the rise of Dirty South rappers in the 2000s spurred a nationwide grill trend . During this time , grills frequently appeared in hip hop music , most notably in the 2005 number one single Grillz , by Nelly , Paul Wall , Big Gipp , and Ali , and in other Paul Wall songs . Wall is known for his grill business as well as his rapping his clients include Kanye West and Cam 'ron . Grills maintained their popularity into the 2010s , with French unk Dolly Cohen creating custom oral jewelry for Rihanna , Cara Delevingne , and Rita Ora . In 2015 , DJ Khaled created a song based around grills , Gold Slugs ( feat . Chris Brown , August Alsina Fetty Wap Gold Slugs also is used as a term similar to grills with the same meaning . Manufacture While early grills could not be removed easily and involved reshaping the tooth itself to fit the grill , grills are today made from custom dental molds . For more expensive grills , a dentist takes a mold of the wearer 's front teeth with a quick set alginate . A tooth mold is obtained by filling the alginate negative with buff stone , then the buff stone is used to fit the grill to the unique set of teeth . However , for inexpensive novelty grills , a jeweler may make an impression by having the wearer bite into dental putty or wax softened in water , or the wearer may do this himself . Such grills may be less comfortable or dependable than grills that are professionally fitted , and in several instances jewelers manufacturing grills in this manner have been charged with practicing dentistry without a license . Criticism and health hazards According to the American Dental Association in June 2006 , no studies have shown whether the long term wearing of grills is safe . If the grills fit properly and are worn only intermittently , wearers are at a low risk for dental problems , according to the ADA . The ADA has warned , however , that grills made from base metals could cause irritation or allergic reactions , and that bacteria trapped under a grill worn on a long term basis could result in gum disease , cavities , or even bone loss . School districts in Alabama , Georgia , and Texas have banned grills for reasons both disciplinary and health related . Just as other hip hop fashions have been criticized , grills have been denounced by some commentators as expensive , ostentatious , and superficial displays that strain the finances of poor youth .
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1,851 | Tong Yabghu Qaghan ( died 628 ) ( also known as T 'ung Yabghu , Ton Yabghu , Tong Yabghu Khagan , Tun Yabghu , and Tong unk , Traditional Chinese unk , Simplified Chinese unk , pinyin unk unk , Wade Giles t 'ung yeh hu k 'o han ) was khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate from 618 to 628 AD . His name is usually translated as Tiger unk in Old Turkic . Another interpretation of his name is sufficiency or completeness . He was the brother of unk ( r . 611 618 ) , the previous khagan of the western Gktrks , and was a member of the Ashina clan . Tong Yabghu 's reign is generally regarded as the zenith of the Western Gktrk Khaganate . Reign Tong Yabghu maintained close relations with the Tang Dynasty of China , and may have married into the Imperial family . The Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Xuanzang visited the western Gktrk capital unk in modern Kyrgyzstan and left a description of the khagan . Scholars believe the khagan described by Xuanzang was Tong Yabghu . Gao and La unk argue that the khagan Xuanzang met was his son Si Yabghu , rather than Tong Yabghu . Xuanzang described the khagan as follows The khan wore a green satin robe his hair , which was ten feet long , was free . A band of white silk wound round his forehead and hung down behind . The ministers of the presence , numbering two hundred in number , all wearing embroidered robes , stood on his right and left . The rest of his military retinue was clothed in fur , serge and fine wool , the spears and standards and bows in order , and the riders of camels and horses stretched far out of sight . According to the Old Book of Tang , Tong Yabghu 's reign was once considered as the golden age of Western Gktrk Khaganate Tong unk Kaghan is a man of bravery and astuteness . He is good at art of war . Thus he controlled Tiele tribes to the north , confronted Persia to the west , connected with unk ( nowadays Kashmir ) to the south . All countries are subjected to him . He controlled ten thousands of men with arrow and bow , establishing his power over the western region . He occupied the land of Wusun and moved his tent to unk north of Tashkent . All of the princes of western region assumed the Turk office of unk . Tong unk Kaghan also sent a unk to monitor them for imposition . The power of Western Turks had never reached such a state before . Alleged Campaigns against Persia Tong Yabghu 's empire fought with the Sassanids of Iran . In the early 620 's the khagan 's nephew Bri Shad led a series of raids across the Caucasus Mountains into Persian territory . Many scholars have identified Tong Yabghu as the Ziebel mentioned in Byzantine sources as having ( as khagan of the Khazars ) campaigned with the Emperor Heraclius in the Caucasus against the Sassanid Persian Empire in 627 628 . It has long been maintained by some scholars , including Chavannes , Uchida , Gao and Xue unk that Tong Yabghu cannot be positively identified with Ziebel ( or any Khazar ruler ) and may actually have died as early as 626 . These scholars point to discrepancies in the dates between Byzantine and Chinese sources and argue that definitively conflating Ziebel with Tong Yabghu is an exaggeration of the extant evidence . The latest research on this topic proves that they were right if Tong indeed died in 628 , Ziebel is to be identified with Sipi khagan , Tong Yabghu 's uncle , who murdered him and rose briefly to the throne . Sipi was by then pronounced Zibil and he was a small kaghan in charge of the western part of Tong Yabghu 's empire , exactly as Ziebel was according to the Byzantine sources . Ziebel is described as the brother of Tong in the Byzantine sources , and as his uncle in the Chinese sources , a discrepancy which long precluded the identification . However uncle and elder brother is the same word in ancient Turkish , unk , and the Chinese sources could not rendered this double meaning with their very precise system of kinship names . Governance Tong Yabghu appointed governors or unk to manage the various tribes and people under his overlordship . In all likelihood Tong Yabghu 's nephew Bri Shad , and son of Zibil Ziebel was the commander of the Khazars , the westernmost of the tribes owing allegiance to the Western Gktrks this branch of the family may have provided the Khazars with their first khagans in the mid seventh century . Death In ca . 630 he was murdered by Zibil , his uncle and a partisan of Dula clan . Following the death of Tong Yabghu , the might of the Western Gktrks largely collapsed . Although the khaganate lingered for a few decades before falling to the Chinese Empire , many of the client tribes became independent and a number of successor states , including the Khazar Khaganate and Great Bulgaria , became independent .
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1,852 | A rainband is a cloud and precipitation structure associated with an area of rainfall which is significantly elongated . Rainbands can be stratiform or convective , and are generated by differences in temperature . When noted on weather radar imagery , this precipitation elongation is referred to as banded structure . Rainbands within tropical cyclones are curved in orientation . Tropical cyclone rainbands contain showers and thunderstorms that , together with the eyewall and the eye , constitute a hurricane or tropical storm . The extent of rainbands around a tropical cyclone can help determine the cyclone 's intensity . Rainbands spawned near and ahead of cold fronts can be squall lines which are able to produce tornadoes . Rainbands associated with cold fronts can be warped by mountain barriers perpendicular to the front 's orientation due to the formation of a low level barrier jet . Bands of thunderstorms can form with sea breeze and land breeze boundaries , if enough moisture is present . If sea breeze rainbands become active enough just ahead of a cold front , they can mask the location of the cold front itself . Banding within the comma head precipitation pattern of an extratropical cyclone can yield significant amounts of rain or snow . Behind extratropical cyclones , rainbands can form downwind of relative warm bodies of water such as the Great Lakes . If the atmosphere is cold enough , these rainbands can yield heavy snow . Extratropical cyclones Rainbands in advance of warm occluded fronts and warm fronts are associated with weak upward motion , and tend to be wide and stratiform in nature . In an atmosphere with rich low level moisture and vertical wind shear , narrow , convective rainbands known as squall lines generally in the cyclone 's warm sector , ahead of strong cold fronts associated with extratropical cyclones . Wider rain bands can occur behind cold fronts , which tend to have more stratiform , and less convective , precipitation . Within the cold sector north to northwest of a cyclone center , in colder cyclones , small scale , or mesoscale , bands of heavy snow can occur within a cyclone 's comma head precipitation pattern with a width of 32 kilometres ( 20 mi ) to 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) . These bands in the comma head are associated with areas of unk , or zones of strengthening temperature contrast . Southwest of extratropical cyclones , curved flow bringing cold air across the relatively warm Great Lakes can lead to narrow lake effect snow bands which bring significant localized snowfall . Tropical cyclones Rainbands exist in the periphery of tropical cyclones , which point towards the cyclone 's center of low pressure . Rainbands within tropical cyclones require ample moisture and a low level pool of cooler air . Bands located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) to 150 kilometres ( 93 mi ) from a cyclone 's center migrate outward . They are capable of producing heavy rains and squalls of wind , as well as tornadoes , particularly in the storm 's right front quadrant . Some rainbands move closer to the center , forming a secondary , or outer , eyewall within intense hurricanes . Spiral rainbands are such a basic structure to a tropical cyclone that in most tropical cyclone basins , use of the satellite based Dvorak technique is the primary method used to determine a tropical cyclone 's maximum sustained winds . Within this method , the extent of spiral banding and difference in temperature between the eye and eyewall is used to assign a maximum sustained wind and a central pressure . Central pressure values for their centers of low pressure derived from this technique are approximate . Different programs have been studying these rainbands , including unk . Forced by geography Convective rainbands can form parallel to terrain on its windward side , due to lee waves triggered by hills just upstream of the cloud 's formation . Their spacing is normally 5 kilometres ( 3 . 1 mi ) to 10 kilometres ( 6 . 2 mi ) apart . When bands of precipitation near frontal zones approach steep topography , a low level barrier jet stream forms parallel to and just prior to the mountain ridge , which slows down the frontal rainband just prior to the mountain barrier . If enough moisture is present , sea breeze and land breeze fronts can form convective rainbands . Sea breeze front thunderstorm lines can become strong enough to mask the location of an approaching cold front by evening . The edge of ocean currents can lead to the development of thunderstorm bands due to heat differential at this interface . Downwind of islands , bands of showers and thunderstorms can develop due to low level wind convergence downwind of the island edges . Offshore California , this has been noted in the wake of cold fronts .
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1,853 | Moto Racer Advance is a motocross racing game developed by Adeline Software International , produced by Delphine Software International and published by Ubisoft for the Game Boy Advance . It was released in PAL regions on October 4 , 2002 and in North America on December 4 , 2002 . It is part of the Moto Racer series and was the last game to be developed by Adeline Software and also the last with any involvement from Delphine Software . Moto Racer Advance features several different modes , but much of it centers on a Progression mode , which requires the player to compete in races in a variety of environments . Multiplayer is supported through the link cable . Moto Racer Advance garnered positive reception from critics , noting its graphical quality and overall presentation as two of the main reasons for its success . IGN 's Craig Harris called it one of the top racing games from 2002 . As of 2009 , Moto Racer Advance has received compilation scores of 86 100 and 83 on Metacritic and GameRankings respectively . Gameplay The player controls a motorcyclist and must try to win races on various terrain and settings . Each motorcycle in the game handles differently with some performing better on paved roads and others working better on rougher terrain . There are a number of different modes Grand Prix ( GP ) , Motocross , and Traffic . GP takes place at a number of different locations across the world on paved tracks in places such as San Francisco and Russia . The paved tracks require the player to learn how to effectively use their brakes around corners . The GP courses contain small differences between them , giving more variety to the courses in the game . Motocross requires the player to drive on off road terrain and to master the act of unk on corners . The courses found in Motocross races are less hospitable and often take place in arid and unk locales and with obstacles . Traffic mixes both GP and Motocross , having mixed pavement courses and traffic on roads that serve as obstacles . There are three different methods of gameplay Championship , Progression , and Single Race . The single race mode must be earned through playing the progression mode . Progression is the game 's main mode and places the player in a number of different tournaments and races in all three racing styles . It allows the player to earn hidden content , including new bikes which handle differently . The game contains link cable support for up to four players , provided that all four people own a copy of the game . History Moto Racer Advance was first displayed at the 2002 Electronic Entertainment Expo ( E3 ) . IGN gave the game two awards for portable games after its E3 2002 coverage Best Graphics and Best Racing Game . IGN praised the early version of the game for its high draw distance and smooth frame rate . The game was built from the ground up to be a racing game for the Game Boy Advance and to take advantage of the hardware offered by the system . IGN previewed the game six months before it was made available for retail and called the graphics the game 's highlight , while noting that tune ups in the physics engine were needed before release . The game manipulated 2D sprites and backgrounds to give the impression of 3D to the player . By keeping the core graphics engine simple , the game was able to contain elongated draw distances and a smooth frame rate . It was released on October 4 , 2002 in PAL regions , and on December 4 , 2002 in North America . Moto Racer Advance was the last game to be developed by Adeline Software . Moto Racer Advance garnered positive reaction from critics for its graphics and gameplay it received 86 100 and 83 ratings on review aggregate websites Metacritic and GameRankings , respectively . IGN 's Craig Harris praised the smooth graphics engine of the game , noting that the designers had succeeded in creating a satisfying racing game for the Game Boy Advance . He called it one of the top racing games from 2002 . The Sydney Morning Herald 's Dan Toose praised the game 's smooth , minimalist graphics , while GameSpy 's Steve Steinberg noted that the physics of the game felt dead on and enjoyed the overall presentation of the game . GamePro 's Vicious Sid was surprised by the game 's long draw distance , calling it a technical feat on the Game Boy Advance . The sound design from the game received a mixed response from critics . GameZone 's Code Cowboy stated that the Motocross bikes sounded like gravel in a unk being chopped up . IGN noted otherwise , saying that the sound stayed to the background and was mostly pleasant , while The Sydney Morning Herald praised the realistic sound the bikes created . The game received Editors ' Choice Awards from GameSpy , GamePro , and IGN .
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1,854 | Svalbard and Jan Mayen ( Norwegian Svalbard og Jan Mayen , ISO 3166 1 alpha 2 SJ , ISO 3166 1 alpha 3 unk , ISO 3166 1 numeric 744 ) is a statistical designation defined by ISO 3166 1 of two parts of Norway under separate jurisdictions Svalbard and Jan Mayen . While the two are combined for the purposes of the International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) category , they are not administratively related . This has further resulted in the country code top level domain .sj being issued for Svalbard and Jan Mayen , and ISO 3166 2 SJ . The United Nations Statistics Division also uses this code , but has named it Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands . Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean under the full sovereignty of Norway , but is subject to the special status granted by the Svalbard Treaty . Jan Mayen is a remote island in the Arctic Ocean it has no permanent population and is administrated by the County Governor of Nordland . Svalbard and Jan Mayen have in common that they are the only integrated parts of Norway not allocated to counties . While a separate ISO code for Svalbard was proposed by the United Nations , it was the Norwegian authorities who took initiative to include Jan Mayen in the code . It 's Official Language Is Norwegian . Constituents Svalbard Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic about midway between mainland Norway and the North Pole . The group of islands range from 74 to 81 north latitude , and from 10 to 35 east longitude . The area is 61 , 022 square kilometres ( 23 , 561 sq mi ) and there were 2 , 572 residents in 2009 . Spitsbergen is the largest island , followed by Nordaustlandet and Edgeya . The administrative center is Longyearbyen , and other settlements , in addition to research outposts , are the Russian mining community of Barentsburg , the research community of Ny lesund and the mining outpost of Sveagruva . The Svalbard Treaty of 1920 recognizes Norwegian sovereignty , and the 1925 Svalbard Act made Svalbard a full part of the Kingdom of Norway . The archipelago is administrated by the Governor of Svalbard , which is subordinate to the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police . Unlike the rest of Norway ( including Jan Mayen ) , Svalbard is a free economic zone and a demilitarized zone , and is not part of the Schengen Area nor the European Economic Area . Jan Mayen Jan Mayen is a volcanic island in the Arctic Ocean located at the border of the Norwegian Sea and the Greenland Sea . The single island covers an area of 377 square kilometres ( 146 sq mi ) and is dominated by the 2 , 277 metre ( 7 , 470 ft ) tall Beerenberg volcano . The island 's only population is a combined military and meteorological outpost that operates a LORAN C transmitter at Olonkinbyen . The Norwegian Meteorological Institute annexed the island for Norway in 1922 . On 27 February 1930 , the island was made de jure a part of the Kingdom of Norway . Since 1994 , the island has been administrated by the County Governor of Nordland , with some authority delegated to the station commander . Application The ISO designation is congruent with an equivalent United Nations Statistics Division category and users of these classification systems may in some cases report separately for Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands instead of rolling up this information into the Norway category . Neither Svalbard nor Jan Mayen have their own flag or coat of arms , and the flag of Norway is used for both of them , both alone and as a group . An attempt to change the ISO code to just Svalbard has previously failed because of opposition from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs . However , for statistics use within population and trade , Svalbard and Jan Mayen essentially means just Svalbard . ISO 3166 2 ISO 3166 2 SJ is the entry for Svalbard and Jan Mayen in ISO 3166 2 , a system for assigning codes to subnational administrative divisions . However , further subdivision for Svalbard and Jan Mayen occurs under Norway 's entry , ISO 3166 2 NO NO 21 Svalbard NO 22 Jan Mayen The hierarchical administrative subdivision codes for Svalbard is unk and for Jan Mayen is unk Top level domain By virtue of the ISO 3166 1 alpha 2 code SJ , Svalbard and Jan Mayen were grouped together and allocated the Internet country code top level domain ( ccTLD ) .sj. Norid , who also administrated the Norway 's .no ccTLD , was given the responsibility for the .sj and Bouvet Island 's .bv domain in 1997 . Policy prohibits any registration with either of the domains , as institutions connected to Svalbard can use the .no domain . Norwegian authorities do not want to commercialize the domain resources , and therefore .sj will not be sold to a third party .
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1,855 | Walk Away is a song by American recording artist Christina Aguilera , taken from her fourth studio album , Stripped ( 2002 ) . The song was written by Aguilera , Scott Storch and Matt Morris . Its production was handled by Storch , while Aguilera and E. unk served as vocal producers . The track is a piano driven ballad which talks about an abusive relationship , where Aguilera uses a clever metaphor . Upon its release , Walk Away received mainly positive reviews from music critics , who praised its melody and deemed it as one of the stand out tracks from Stripped . On March 14 , 2008 , the song peaked at number 35 on the Danish Tracklisten chart , becoming the only non single entry from Stripped on the chart . Aguilera performed the track on two of her major concert tours Justified Stripped Tour ( 2003 ) and The Stripped Tour ( 2003 ) . Background and recording Following the release of the self titled debut album in 1999 , Aguilera had achieved major success with four worldwide number one hits . Despite the international success , the singer was dissatisfied with the music and image that her manager , Steve Kurtz , had created for her , having been marketed as a bubblegum pop singer because of the genre 's upward financial trend . She mentioned plans for her next album to have more musical and lyrical depth . Aguilera decided not to continue the contact with Kurtz . By late 2000 , after terminating Kurtz 's services , Irving Azoff was hired as her new manager . Aguilera decided to take a more prominent role in the musical direction of her next record . She also used her new alter ego , Xtina , and changed her appearance . Speaking about the conception of the album , Aguilera told MTV News that it is a new beginning , a re introduction of myself as a new artist in a way , because for the first time people are really seeing and getting to know who I really am . She also revealed , Coming off of the height of being a part of such a big pop craze phenomenon , that imagery of that cookie cutter sweetheart , without it being me , I just had to take it all down and get it away from me . And that is why I actually named the album Stripped , because it is about being emotionally stripped down and pretty bare to open my soul and heart . Walk Away was written by Aguilera , Scott Storch and Matt Morris , with production handled by Storch . Composition and critical reception Walk Away is a piano driven waltz ballad . Written in the key of G major , it is a downtempo song , with a moderate slow and bluesy tempo of 52 beats per minute . It is followed by a chord progression of Em C7 in the verses . Aguilera 's vocal range on the song span nearly two octaves , from the low note of C3 to the high note of G5 . In the track , Aguilera uses a sultry lower range . Lyrically , Walk Away is about an abusive relationship , where she uses a clever metaphor . At the song 's beginning , the lyrics What do you do , when you know something 's bad for you , and you still can 't let go are spoken by Aguilera . In the first verse , she sings , Your love was like candy Artificially sweet , I was deceived by your wrapping . The track was described as a non sense song by Amanda Murray for Sputnikmusic . Upon its release , Walk Away received mainly positive reviews from contemporary music critics . Slant Magazine editor Sal Cinquemani chose Walk Away as one of the stand out ballads from Stripped . unk Dunn from Rolling Stone called it a torchy can 't let go number . Doug Elfman for Las Vegas Review Journal labelled it gorgeous , while Amanda Murray from Sputnikmusic wrote that the song sounds sexy , although it is one of the only songs on the album that makes no effort to , certainly not lyrically . In 2010 , Nick Levine from Digital Spy listed Walk Away as one of Aguilera 's ten best songs . He calls Aguilera 's vocals emotive and the song 's theme heartfelt , commenting that the song would have been a single . Live performances Aguilera first performed Walk Away on the Justified Stripped Tour , a concert tour which was held in summer 2003 to support Justin Timberlake 's album Justified ( 2002 ) and Aguilera 's Stripped . In late 2003 , Aguilera continued to perform the track on the former 's extension , Stripped Live ... on Tour , which happened without Timberlake 's acts . The performance in London is included on the singer 's first full length DVD Stripped Live in the U.K. ( 2004 ) . Aguilera also performed Walk Away on the Late Show with David Letterman on January 16 , 2004 . Charts On March 14 , 2008 , Walk Away debuted and peaked at number 35 on the Danish Tracklisten chart , becoming the only non single song from Stripped to chart on the Tracklisten .
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1,856 | Hurricane Winifred was the last tropical cyclone to make landfall in the busy 1992 Pacific hurricane season . unk western Mexico , especially Colima and Michoacn , Hurricane Winifred brought heavy rain and destruction to the area . Rains flooded farms and roads , and caused more than 5 million ( 1992 USD , 8 . 43 million 2016 USD ) in damage and a total of three people were killed . The last major hurricane of its season , Winifred existed in October 1992 . It formed southeast of Acapulco on October 6 as the twenty fourth east Pacific tropical cyclone of its season , and recurved as it strengthened . It peaked as a Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale . It made landfall southeast of Manzanillo , Colima and dissipated inland . Meteorological history On October 1 , a disorganized area of thunderstorms existed south of Panama . It gradually headed west northwestward , slowly organized , and developed deep and concentrated convection . The disturbed area had become organized enough to be considered a tropical depression . Numbered Twenty Four E , the cyclone was located about 460 mi ( 740 km ) south southeast of Acapulco . It moved towards the west northwest at a speed of about 12 mph ( 19 km h ) , and by the time it was located about 550 km ( 340 mi ) south of Zihuatanejo , it had intensified into Tropical Storm Winifred . Winifred steadily became more organized , and late on October 7 , the National Hurricane Center ( NHC ) was anticipating Winifred to reach hurricane intensity within the next 36 hours . A large cyclone , Winifred continued to intensify . Its forward speed decreased as it started to turn to the northwest . By October 8 , Winifred become a hurricane while located approximately 340 mi ( 550 km ) south southeast of Manzanillo . A small eye became evident on satellite imagery , and thus the winds increased to 85 mph ( 145 km h ) . Winifred then intensified into a moderate Category 2 hurricane on October 9 . Although the eye briefly disappeared , slight intensification was anticipated . The hurricane was curved north by an upper level trough . Winifred peaked in intensity as a major hurricane ( Category 3 or higher on the Saffir Simpson Scale ) . At this time , Winifred , had central pressure of 960 mb ( 28 inHg ) and winds of 115 mph ( 185 km h ) . This made Winifred the final hurricane major or otherwise of the 1992 Pacific hurricane season . However , it was operationally believed to have peaked as a Category 2 hurricane the NHC did not issue any advisories with winds any higher than 110 mph ( 175 km h ) . Hurricane Winifred re curved to the north northeast , increased in forward speed , and slightly weakened as it approached land . On October 9 , it made landfall about east southeast of Manzanillo . At the time it was a Category 2 hurricane with winds of 110 mph ( 175 km h ) and a central pressure of 975 mb ( 28 . 8 inHg ) . Hurricane Winifred quickly weakened after landfall , and weakened to a tropical storm less than three hours later , which was early on October 10 . Later on October 10 , Winifred weakened to a tropical depression , before dissipating over the mountains of central Mexico . Preparations and impact Five thousand people were evacuated to emergency shelters as Winifred neared . With the approach of the hurricane , watches and warnings were issued . On October 9 a tropical storm warning was issued from Zihuatanejo to Cabo Corrientes . At the same time , a hurricane watch went into effect in the same area . The watch was later replaced with a hurricane warning 12 hours later . On October 10 , all watches and warnings were dropped . Starting on October 8 , Hurricane Winifred caused rainfall over an extensive area of Mexico . The highest point maximum reported was of 16 . 7 in ( 420 mm ) at Lzaro Crdenas , Michoacn , a point to the right of its track . That rain caused flooding , which was blamed for three deaths . Damage was heaviest in the states of Colima and Michoacn . In areas of the former , utilities were knocked out . Waves flooded portions of Highway 200 between unk , Ixtapa , and Lzaro Crdenas . Other roads were also flooded . Waves 12 ft ( 3 . 7 m ) forced the closure of Playa de Oro International Airport and port facilities in Manzanillo . Throughout the affected area , trees were blown down on cars , roughly 1 , 500 houses were damaged , as were hotels and restaurants . About 84 , 000 ha ( 210 , 000 acres ) of farmland were damaged , especially those of plantains and corn . Carlos de la Madrid Virgen , the Governor of Colima , estimated that the total damage in his state was 16000 pesos ( 1992 unk ) or 5 million ( 1992 USD , 8 . 43 million 2016 USD ) . Elsewhere , Winifred forced a temporary closure of the port of Acapulco .
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1,857 | State Route 243 ( SR 243 ) , or the Banning Idyllwild Panoramic Highway , is a 30 mile ( 50 kilometer ) two lane highway that runs from Banning , California ( in the north ) to Idyllwild , California ( in the south ) in Riverside County , California . The highway is a connector between Interstate 10 ( I 10 ) and SR 74 . Along its route , it provides access to the San Bernardino National Forest . A road from Banning to Idyllwild was planned around the turn of the twentieth century , and was open by 1910 . The road was added to the state highway system in 1970 . Route description SR 243 begins at SR 74 in the San Jacinto Wilderness near Mountain Center , Riverside County as Idyllwild Road . The highway traverses north along a winding road through the community of Idyllwild . SR 243 makes a left turn at the intersection with Circle Drive and continues through Pine Cove . The road continues through the forest past Mount San Jacinto State Park through Twin Pines and the unk Indian Reservation before making a few switchbacks and descending en route to the city of Banning as the Banning Idyllwild Panoramic Highway . The highway continues as San Gorgonio Avenue into the city before making a left onto Lincoln Street and a right onto 8th Street and terminating at a diamond interchange with I 10 . SR 243 is part of the National Highway System , a network of highways that are essential to the country 's economy , defense , and mobility . SR 243 is eligible for the State Scenic Highway System , and is officially designated as a scenic highway by the California Department of Transportation ( Caltrans ) , meaning that it is a substantial section of highway passing through a memorable landscape with no visual intrusions , where the potential designation has gained popular favor with the community . In 2007 , it was named the Esperanza Firefighters Memorial Highway in honor of five firefighters who died while fighting the Esperanza Fire in October 2006 . In 2013 , SR 243 had an annual average daily traffic ( AADT ) of 1 , 650 between Marion Ridge Drive in Idyllwild and San Gorgonio Avenue in Banning , and 6 , 500 at the northern terminus in Banning , the latter of which was the highest AADT for the highway . History A road from Banning to Idyllwild was under construction in 1904 , and 12 miles ( 19 km ) of the road was open by August , with an additional six miles ( 9 . 7 km ) of the road planned . Another four miles ( 6 . 4 km ) were commissioned in 1908 . The oiled road was completed by September 1910 , and provided a view of Lake Elsinore and the Colorado Desert , and it was expected to help with transporting lumber and stopping fires because of this , the federal government provided 2 , 000 for the construction . The road became a part of the forest highway system in 1927 . A new high gear road from Banning to Idyllwild was under way by 1935 , and two years later , the Los Angeles Times considered the road to be high gear . Efforts to pave the road were under way in 1950 . The road from Banning through Idyllwild to SR 74 was known as County Route R1 ( CR R1 ) by 1966 . By 1969 , plans were in place to add the Banning to Idyllwild to Mountain Center road as a state highway earlier , State Senator Nelson Dilworth proposed legislation to require the road to be added to the state highway system if SR 195 was removed , as the two were of roughly the same length , but the latter remained in the system . SR 243 was added to the state highway system in 1970 . The Division of Highways suggested deleting the highway in 1971 . In 1998 , Caltrans had no plans to improve the route through 2015 . Major intersections Except where prefixed with a letter , postmiles were measured on the road as it was when the route was established , based on the alignment that existed at the time , and do not necessarily reflect current mileage . R reflects a realignment in the route since then , M indicates a second realignment , L refers an overlap due to a correction or change , and T indicates postmiles classified as temporary ( for a full list of prefixes , see the list of postmile definitions ) . Segments that remain unconstructed or have been relinquished to local control may be omitted . The entire route is in Riverside County . Other important information Firearm Transportation Due to the fact that CA 243 passes Idyllwild School , pursuant to the Gun Free School Zones Act of 1990 , firearms , including those in vehicles , must be within the guidelines of 18 U.S.C. 922 ( q ) ( 2 ) ( B ) within the school zone , which is , as defined by 18 U.S.C. 921 ( a ) ( 25 ) , is 1000 feet . Violators will be , according to 18 U.S.C. 924 ( a ) ( 4 ) , fined under this title , imprisoned for not more than 5 years , or both .
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1,858 | The 142nd Boat Race took place on 6 April 1996 . Held annually , the Boat Race is a side by side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames . Umpired by a former Blue , Mike Sweeney , Cambridge won by two and three quarter lengths in the second fastest time in the history of the race . In the reserve race , Cambridge 's Goldie defeated Oxford 's Isis in a record time , while Cambridge won the Women 's Boat Race . Background The Boat Race is a side by side rowing competition between the University of Oxford ( sometimes referred to as the Dark Blues ) and the University of Cambridge ( sometimes referred to as the Light Blues ) . First held in 1829 , the race takes place on the 4 . 2 mile ( 6 . 8 km ) Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London . The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities and followed throughout the United Kingdom and broadcast worldwide . Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions , having won the 1995 race by four lengths , with Cambridge leading overall with 72 victories to Oxford 's 68 ( excluding the dead heat of 1877 ) . The first Women 's Boat Race took place in 1927 , but did not become an annual fixture until the 1960s . Up until 2014 , the contest was conducted as part of the Henley Boat Races , but as of the 2015 race , it is held on the River Thames , on the same day as the men 's main and reserve races . The reserve race , contested between Oxford 's Isis boat and Cambridge 's Goldie boat has been held since 1965 . It usually takes place on the Tideway , prior to the main Boat Race . The previous year 's race was watched by seven million viewers in the United Kingdom alone . Oxford coach Dan Topolski suggested that part of the appeal was that the contest was absolutely amateur but still represents quality . Former Oxford Blue and Olympic gold medallist Jonny Searle agreed , calling the Boat Race a unique experience . Both Topolski and Searle predicted a close race Cambridge coach Robin Williams agreed We 've got to accord Oxford some respect . I think we 're again the better crew ... but the only way to find out is on the water . Penny Chuter , one of the other Oxford coaches , noted Cambridge have a continuity ... but we have more power this year . Cambridge 's boat club president John Carver had earlier withdrawn from the race with injury . Oxford 's director of rowing , Steve Royle , said of his crew these guys love a scrap . The 250 officers from Wandsworth Police lining the embankments were able to replace their traditional helmets for peaked caps for the first time , in order to discourage members of the crowd from removing them and throwing them into the river . The race was sponsored for the tenth consecutive year by Beefeater Gin , and umpired by former Cambridge Blue Mike Sweeney . Crews The Oxford crew weighed an average of 1 . 25 pounds ( 0 . 57 kg ) more per rower than their opponents . Each crew saw just one former Blue return , Clegg for Oxford and Barnett for Cambridge , in addition to Barnett , Cambridge 's crew contained five former Goldie rowers . Oxford 's crew more international rowers with four Americans and a Canadian . Race Cambridge started as pre race favourites . They won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station . After a close start , where neither boat took a significant lead , Cambridge were a half a length up at the Mile Post . They pushed on at Harrods Furniture Depository to take two thirds of a length lead over Oxford by Hammersmith Bridge . Under pressure from the Dark Blues , Whyman steered his crew to record times between the Mile Post and Barnes Bridge , Hammersmith Bridge to Barnes Bridge , Chiswick Steps to Barnes Bridge and Chiswick Steps to the finishing post . Cambridge won by two and three quarter lengths in a time of 16 minutes 58 seconds , the second fastest time on record ( thirteen seconds slower than the winning time in the 1984 race ) . In the reserve race , Cambridge 's Goldie won by eleven lengths , in a record time , over Isis . It was Cambridge 's ninth victory in ten years . Cambridge won the 51st Women 's Boat Race by four lengths in a time of 6 minutes and 12 seconds , their seventh victory in eight years . Reaction During the race , David Miller of the The Times claimed that Cambridge 's stroke James Ball conducted a continual tactical conversation with Kevin Whyman , the Cambridge cox . Miller suggested that while Oxford were the more powerful crew , Cambridge were technically superior . Oxford coach Chuter concluded we did not find the cohesive and relaxed rhythm which we have had . Her counterpart , Williams , exclaimed you have got to be happy with that .
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1,859 | Superfinalen ( The Super Final ) is a former Norwegian association football competition contested between the previous season 's champions of the Norwegian Premier League and the Norwegian Football Cup . The super cup was incorporated as part of a charity themed television show broadcast on TV2 , with the profits from the matches going to UNICEF . The competition was held twice , in 2009 and 2010 . The first competition saw Stabk , reigning league winners , beat Vlerenga 3 1 . The following year , league winners Rosenborg beat cup winners Aalesund 3 1 . The competition was then deemed commercially unprofitable and abandoned . History There have previously been attempts at pre season friendlies between the reigning league and cup champions . For instance , the 2002 pre season match between Rosenborg and Viking was played between the reigning league and cup champions , although it had no official status . Superfinalen was the first attempt to make an official tournament . Such a super cup is common between the domestic league and cup winners in many European countries , such as the English Charity Shield . Superfinalen also introduced philanthropy into such a match the game was to be baked into a larger television event which would include concerts and entertainment in an attempt to generate revenue for charity . The matchday profits from the inaugural season were , along with the television fundraising , given to UNICEF , who used the revenue to fund part of a school project in Africa , which had been fronted by Ole Gunnar Solskjr . The first season was organized as a trial project by the Football Association of Norway ( NFF ) , Norsk Toppfotball ( NTF ) , the clubs Stabk and Vlerenga , and broadcaster TV2 . The 2009 edition was regarded as a success by NFF and it was decided to continue with a new edition for 2010 , which was held between Rosenborg and Aalesund . Ahead of the 2011 season , NFF and NTF stated that Superfinalen would be discontinued , stating that the championship was interesting neither from a sports nor from a commercial aspect . However , the two would be qualified teams , league winner Rosenborg and cup winner Strmsgodset , were free to play a pre season friendly , although it would not be regarded as an official match . Rosenborg has traditionally played its final pre season game against Viking and stated that they intended to take up that tradition following the abandoning of Superfinalen . Rules The date and location of the match was decided through an agreement between the two involved teams in cooperation with NFF and NTF . The assignment of referees was done by NFF . The match was not regulated as part of the NFF 's laws , and is played using the regulations regarding a regular Premier League match . If the game was a draw at the end of full time , the game was determined with a penalty shootout without an intermediate extra time . A caution ( yellow card ) would not be registered for determining disqualification in later matches , and a player sent off ( red card ) would not be disqualified if normally given one match quarantine . If a player was disqualified for more than one match because of a direct red card , he had to serve the number of matches minus one . Yellow and red cards still qualified to send off a player for the remaining of the game . Editions 2009 The first edition was contested between Stabk and Vlerenga at Telenor Arena in Brum on 8 March 2009 . It was the first official match to take place at Stabk 's new home ground . Stabk qualified as winners of the 2008 Norwegian Premier League , where they finished six points ahead of Fredrikstad . Vlerenga qualified as winners of the 2008 Norwegian Football Cup , where they had won the final 4 1 against Stabk . As such , Superfinalen became a replay of the previous year 's cup final . Stabk won the match 3 1 after goals by Daniel unk , Daigo Kobayashi and unk Rafn unk . Mohammed Abdellaoue scored for the losing side . Martin unk , playing coach for Vlerenga , received two yellow cards . Match details 2010 The 2010 edition was contested between Rosenborg BK and Aalesund FK at Color Line Stadion in lesund on 7 March 2010 . Rosenborg qualified as winners of the 2009 Norwegian Premier League , where they finished 13 points ahead of Molde . Aalesund qualified as winners of the 2009 Norwegian Football Cup , where they beat Molde in a penalty shootout in the final . Rosenborg won the match 3 1 after leading 2 0 at halftime . Kris unk and Rade Prica scored the goals in the first half , and Trond Olsen increased Rosenborg 's lead to 3 0 before Aalesund pulled one back , courtesy of Peter Orry Larsen . Match details Performances Performance by club Total cup wins by city
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1,860 | Peter Trombino is a retired lacrosse attackman who played professional field lacrosse in the Major League Lacrosse ( MLL ) from 2007 to 2008 . He starred as a member of the Princeton Tigers men 's lacrosse team from 2004 through 2007 . He earned Ivy League Rookie of the Year honors , two United States Intercollegiate Lacrosse Association ( USILA ) All American honorable mention recognitions and three All Ivy League selections ( one first team and two second team ) . During his college career , Princeton earned two Ivy League championships and three NCAA Men 's Lacrosse Championship tournament invitations . In high school he won a state championship in lacrosse and two league championships in American football . Background Born , September 23 , 1985 , Trombino is the son of Anthony and Cathleen Trombino . His brother Brian played lacrosse at Hofstra . He also has a younger brother Christopher and younger sister Elizabeth . Trombino attended St. Anthony 's , which is a Roman Catholic college preparatory private high school , in South Huntington , New York on Long Island . He participated on both the lacrosse and American football teams in high school . Trombino also competed in the Empire State Games in lacrosse . He earned varsity letters in both lacrosse and American high school football for the St. Anthony 's Friars . In American football , as a junior in high school , Trombino made a fourth quarter interception in the end zone to help St. Anthony 's earn a Long Island Catholic High School Football League championship game in high school football . He played cornerback on the two time league champions who went 22 1 during his career . In lacrosse , Trombino was an all Long Island selection . He led his school to a 20 1 record and the Catholic League state championship during his senior year . Additionally , he was an Empire State Games gold medalist . College career Trombino attended Princeton University where he was a history major . He was also a lacrosse player for four years and is the only Princeton player to have at least 20 goals and 10 assists each year of a four year career . Princeton qualified for the NCAA Men 's Lacrosse Championship in three of Trombino 's four years ( 2004 , 2006 2007 ) . As a freshman , Trombino was expected to be a midfielder , but he surprisingly earned a spot in the first team attack unit . He became the first Princeton freshman to score at least one goal in all 15 of his games ( the prior record had been a goal in 10 different games ) . Trombino was the 2004 Men 's Ivy League Rookie of the Year . The team were Ivy League co champions with Cornell . As a freshman in the 2004 NCAA Division I Men 's Lacrosse Championship , he scored an overtime game winning goal in a 9 8 quarterfinals victory over Maryland that was set up by Ryan Boyle . However , in the semifinals the following week against Navy , Trombino 's shot was stopped with eight seconds left in the 8 7 loss . In 2005 , Trombino was Princeton 's leading scorer . He was a second team All Ivy League selection . In March 2006 , Trombino scored two goals and an assist in the defeat of Johns Hopkins that ended the defending national champion Blue Jays ' 17 game winning streak and 37 game ( 38 was the NCAA record ) home winning streak . In the game , he had to shift from attack to midfield in the second half when Mike Gaudio suffered a knee injury . The team finished the season as Ivy League co champion with Cornell . He was a second team All Ivy League selection that year as well as an honorable mention USILA All American Team selection . In the 2006 NCAA Division I Men 's Lacrosse Championship first round 11 8 victory over UMBC Trombino scored two goals and had two assists . In the quarterfinals , Princeton was eliminated by Maryland 11 6 in the subsequent game . Princeton qualified for the 2007 NCAA Division I Men 's Lacrosse Championship , but was eliminated by Georgetown 9 8 in the first round . In 2007 , Trombino was a first team All Ivy League selection . He was an honorable mention USILA All American Team selection . As a senior , Trombino served as co captain of the 2007 team . He wrote his senior thesis on The Influence of Sir William Johnson Among the Iroquois Indians . Professional career He played with the Philadelphia Barrage during the 2007 and 2008 seasons . During the 2008 season with the Philadelphia Barrage , he once scored nine goals over a two game stretch on the road ( against the New Jersey Pride and Los Angeles Riptide ) . He only appeared in one game for Philadelphia in 2007 . However , in 2008 , he played in 10 games and scored fifteen goals , including one two pointer , and had seven assists . He had a total of thirty eight shot attempts in his career , all in 2008 .
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1,861 | Pseudoplectania nigrella , commonly known as the ebony cup , the black false unk , or the hairy black cup , is a species of fungi in the family Sarcosomataceae . The fruit bodies of this saprobic fungus are small blackish cups , typically up to 2 cm ( 0 . 8 in ) broad , that grow in groups on soil , often amongst pine needles and short grass near coniferous trees . Pseudoplectania nigrella has a worldwide distribution , and has been found in North America , the Caribbean , Britain , Europe , India , Madagascar , New Zealand , and Japan . The fungus produces a unique chemical compound , plectasin , that has attracted research interest for its ability to inhibit the growth of the common human pathogenic bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae . Taxonomy and naming Christian Hendrik Persoon named the species Peziza nigrella in his Systema Mycologia in 1801 , and it was sanctioned under this name in Elias Magnus Fries ' Systema Mycologicum in 1821 . In 1870 , German mycologist Fuckel transferred it to his newly described genus Pseudoplectania , and made it the type species . The species was unk placed in unk by Friedrich August unk von unk , and in Plectania by Petter Karsten ( 1885 ) , but neither placement is considered correct . The fungus is commonly known as the ebony cup , the black false unk , or the hairy black cup . Description The fruit bodies ( technically called apothecia ) typically grow in groups , or sometimes crowded closely together , with small stems or missing them entirely . Initially , the fruit bodies are closed and roughly spherical , but as they develop they expand to become cup shaped , or almost flat . The inner surface of the cups bear the reproductive spore bearing layer , or hymenium it is brownish black , with an edge that is often wavy and curved slightly inwards , and covered with fine hairs . The cups may reach up to 2 cm ( 0 . 8 in ) in diameter . The hairs are long but usually closely coiled and twisted , which gives to the exterior of the cup a slightly tomentose appearance of nearly uniform thickness throughout their entire length . They are pale brown and 4 6 m in diameter . The asci are roughly cylindrical with a long stem like base the entire ascus is often as long as 300 325 m and about 15 m in diameter at the thickest point . The spores are round , smooth , translucent ( hyaline ) , and have diameters of about 12 14 m . They are filled with many small oil droplets . The paraphyses ( sterile filamentous hyphae in the hymenium ) are enlarged at their tips and filled with brown colored matter , about 4 m thick . Similar species Pseudoplectania unk resembles P. nigrella , but has a more deeply and persistently cup shaped fruit body , a short but distinct stem , and only grows amongst sphagnum moss . Plectania unk has elliptical to spindle shaped spores measuring 20 28 by 8 12 m , while P. milleri has elliptical spores , and the margin of its cups have star shaped points . Edibility Pseudoplectania nigrella is considered inedible . It has no distinctive taste or odor . Habitat and distribution This species is saprobic , and is found growing in groups on the ground or on moss covered decaying wood , especially amongst fallen pine needles . In North America , fruit bodies appear in the spring and summer , and are fairly common in Britain , the fungus fruits from winter to spring , and is rare . Its small size and dark color makes it easy to overlook . Pseudoplectania nigrella has a worldwide distribution , and has been found in North America , the Caribbean , Europe , India , Madagascar , New Zealand , Israel , and Japan . Bioactive compounds unk are antibiotics made from peptides and are typically found in animals and higher plants . Plectasin , found in Pseudoplectania nigrella , is the first defensin to be isolated from a fungus . Plectasin has a chemical structure resembling defensins found in spiders , scorpions , dragonflies and mussels . In general , defensins have commonalities in their molecular structure , such as cysteines in the peptide stabilized with disulfide bonds . In particular , defensins from P. nigrella , invertebrates , and plants and share a conformation that has been named the unk motif . In laboratory tests , plectasin was especially active in inhibiting the growth of the common human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae , including strains resistant to conventional antibiotics . Plectasin has a low toxicity in mice , and cured them of peritonitis and pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae as efficiently as vancomycin and penicillin , suggesting that it may have therapeutic potential . In 2010 , Chinese scientists announced a method for high level production of plectasin using an E. coli protein expression system .
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1,862 | The Davis Theater , originally known as the Pershing Theater , is a first run movie theater located in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of Chicago . Built in 1918 , the theater has operated in different capacities in its history , showing silent films , German language films , and various forms of stage performance . In 1999 , the Davis was planned to be demolished to build residential condos , but the plans were cancelled in part due to a negative response from the community . It is one of the few operating neighborhood movie theaters in Chicago . Its building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016 . History The Pershing Theater was built in 1918 and was named after First World War General of the Armies , John J. Pershing . It is the only remaining theater of five built in Lincoln Square , and one of the few neighborhood theaters still operating in Chicago . The building was designed by architect Walter W. unk , who was also responsible for the design of other famous buildings such as the Uptown Broadway Building in Chicago and the Roxy Theater in New York City . The Pershing opened showing silent films , its first being The Forbidden City and later Pals First . In the 1930s , the Pershing was converted to show talkies at a cost of approximately 10 , 000 and was renamed to the Davis Theater . The Pershing had some involvement in The Case of the Ragged Stranger , an infamous Chicago murder case of the early 1920s . Carl Wanderer and Ruth Johnson , husband and wife , left the theater shortly before Johnson was murdered . Although the murder was initially pinned on a stranger dressed in ragged clothing , an investigation revealed new evidence that suggested that Wanderer was , in fact , guilty of the murder . Wanderer was ultimately convicted and executed . Starting in the 1952 , the theater attempted to appeal to the cultural influences in the neighborhood by showing German language films in addition to American films . The theater eventually transformed to a German film house , even acting as host for the Chicago International Film Festival in 1972 where they opened with Signs of Life . The Davis continued to show German films through the end of the decade . The theater then transitioned to showing a variety of entertainment including puppet shows , second run films , and revivals through the 1970s . In 1979 , a plan to revitalize the theater by modernizing it and concentrating on movie revivals was supported by film critic and Chicago resident Gene Siskel , but it was unsuccessful within months . In June 1980 , the Davis hosted the Chicago International Film Festival 's Dance Film Festival , which featured a week long showcase of dance themed films such as Divine Madness and Non Stop Astaire , the latter of which was a collection of film dance routines featuring Fred Astaire with other notable dancers such as Judy Garland and Ginger Rogers . Planned demolition In October 1999 , the Davis was put up for sale at an asking price of 1.6M with the description , This ornate theater is waiting to be developed into a shopping mall . The realtor , Edward Vanek , showed the property to several interested developers who considered turning the complex into condominiums , a mall , or even a theater with food and liquor services . The Davis was eventually sold to developer Jim Jaeger later that year , who was rumored to be planning its demolition and replacement with residential housing . Soon after , a Save the Davis campaign was organized to prevent the theater 's demolition , and included a community meeting at the Conrad Sulzer Regional Library , where over 500 people voiced opposition to the demolition of the theater . Participants in the meeting argued that demolishing the building would be a historical loss and expressed frustration that useful small businesses had been lost to the community in order to build more residential units . The campaign was supported by alderman Eugene unk , who refused to rezone the property to accommodate the redevelopment plans . The property was bid on in December 1999 , and acquired by a non profit , Davis Theater Preservation Corporation , headed by community resident Mary unk . The property was sold to Special Real Estate Services in 2000 , and thereafter the theater began to show first run films once again . Present operations The Davis Theater is currently operated as a first run theater , containing four screens . It also occasionally shows second runs of older films . It is owned by the Value Theater Corporation , which specializes in maintaining smaller movie theaters in the United States . It was renovated to replace its film projectors with digital film . The Davis participated in the Chicago International Children 's Film Festival in 2008 .
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1,863 | Vinkensport ( Dutch for finch sport ) is a competitive animal sport in which male common chaffinches are made to compete for the highest number of bird calls in an hour . Also called unk ( finch sitting ) , it is primarily active in the Dutch speaking region of Flanders in Belgium . Vinkensport traces its origins to competitions held by Flemish merchants in 1596 , and is considered part of traditional Flemish culture . As of 2007 , it was estimated that there are over 13 , 000 enthusiasts , called vinkeniers ( unk ) , breeding 10 , 000 birds every year . Animal rights activists have opposed the sport for much of its history . Description In a contest , a row of small cages , each housing a single male finch , are lined up approximately six feet apart along a street . The close proximity of the cages increases the number of calls , as the birds sing for mates and to establish territory . A timekeeper begins and ends the contest with a red flag . Every time a bird sings a correct terminating flourish to their call most often transcribed as unk e unk a tally mark in chalk is made on a long wooden stick . The bird singing its song the most times during one hour wins the contest . Champion finches regularly sing hundreds of calls in contests . History and practices The earliest known records of vinkeniers are from 1596 ( with some sources advocating a slightly earlier 1593 origin ) with Flemish merchants competing . By the late nineteenth century , unk 's popularity had diminished significantly , but it saw a resurgence after the First World War . As of 2007 , it was estimated that there are over 13 , 000 vinkeniers breeding 10 , 000 birds every year . However , the popularity of this folk sport is waning in the 21st century . There is also a museum of the sport ( Nationaal unk Vinkensport ) in the village of unk in the Harelbeke municipality of Belgium . unk use a variety of methods to increase the number of calls in their birds . Techniques to develop singing aptitude include selective breeding programs , high protein diets , and stimulating them with music and recordings of bird song . As wild finches generally begin singing during the spring mating season , keepers may also use artificial lights placed in aviaries to encourage increased song . Some vinkeniers claim that finches from the different regions of Belgium sing in different dialects with birds from the Dutch speaking Flanders singing in Dutch and those from the French speaking Wallonia singing undesirably in French . The use of Dutch and Walloon to describe these two supposed types of finches has been suggested to refer to a simple difference in calling not literally linked to either the Flemish or Walloon communities of Belgium , and some linguists even suggest that Walloon simply means foreign . While minute regional differences ( a.k.a. dialects ) in song have been observed in the chaffinch ( also within Belgium ) , the differences have only been reliably distinguishable by the use of sonograms . unk , there are no officially recognized subspecies of chaffinch within Belgium . Cheating incidents As with other sports , unk has had its cheating scandals , as well as accusations of artificial enhancement . One finch sang a record 1 , 278 unk e unk in one hour , and the owner was later accused of doping the bird with testosterone . After one contestant sang exactly the same number of calls in two rounds , the box was opened and a mini CD player was discovered within . Opposition to the sport Throughout much of its history , certain attributes of the sport have garnered criticism . Early proponents of the sport would blind birds with hot needles in order to reduce visual distractions . Thomas Hardy the celebrated English author and poet who was also an unk and member of the RSPCA is said to have written his poem The Blinded Bird as a protest against the practice . In 1920 , a campaign by blind World War I veterans banned the practice , and today the birds are kept in small wooden boxes that let air in but keep distractions out . Modern animal rights activists , such as those from the Flemish Bird Protection Society , accuse trainers of brainwashing birds into singing more than is natural or healthy by playing looped recordings of finch calls , and that caging birds in the intentionally small and dark contest boxes is cruel . The finch is a popular aviary bird in many countries and it is forbidden in the European Union to catch birds in the wild , despite vinkeniers purporting that wild birds sing better than captive ones . Though chaffinch populations are currently not considered to be threatened , a 2002 court case at the Belgian Constitutional Court upheld a 1979 EU law banning the capture of wild finches .
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1,864 | SMS Babenberg was a pre dreadnought battleship built by the Austro Hungarian Navy in 1899 . She was launched on 4 October 1902 as the last of three Habsburg class battleships . Along with her sister ships , she participated at the bombardment of Ancona during World War I. At the end of the war , she was ceded to Great Britain as a war prize . She was scrapped in Italy in 1921 . Construction and layout Babenberg was the last of three battleships of her class . Her keel was laid down on 19 January 1901 at the Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino shipyard in Trieste . Following about a year and a half of construction , she was launched on 4 October 1902 . After final fitting out work was completed , the ship was commissioned into the Austro Hungarian fleet on 15 April 1904 . Like all ships of her class , Babenberg was 113 . 11 meters ( 371 ft 1 in ) long at the waterline and was 114 . 55 m ( 375 ft 10 in ) in overall length . She had a beam of 19 . 8 m ( 65 ft 0 in ) and a draft of 7 . 5 m ( 24 ft 7 in ) . Freeboard was approximately 5 . 8 m ( 19 ft 0 in ) forward and about 5 . 5 m ( 18 ft 1 in ) aft . The ship also displaced 8 , 364 metric tons ( 8 , 232 long tons ) . Once construction was finished , she was commissioned into the Navy with a crew of 638 officers and enlisted men . Babenberg was powered by 2 shaft , 4 cylinder vertical triple expansion engines , which were supplied with steam by 16 Belleville boilers . Babenberg 's power output was rated at 16 , 000 indicated horsepower ( 12 , 000 kW ) , which produced a top speed of 19 . 85 knots ( 36 . 76 km h 22 . 84 mph ) . The hull for the ship was constructed from longitudinal and transverse steel frames , over which the outer hull plates were riveted into place . The hull incorporated a double bottom that ran for 63 of the ship 's length . A series of watertight bulkheads also extended from the keel to the gun deck . All in all , there was a total of 174 watertight compartments in the ship . Babenberg had a metacentric height of between .82 m ( 2 . 7 ft ) and 1 . 02 m ( 3 . 3 ft ) . Bilge keels were mounted on either side of the hull to reduce rolling and prevent her from capsizing . Babenberg had a flush main deck that was planked with wood , while the upper decks were covered with linoleum or corticine . Babenberg had three 24 cm ( 9 . 4 in ) L 40 guns , two mounted in a twin turret forward and one mounted in a single turret aft of the main superstructure . The C 97 type guns were manufactured by Krupp in Germany . The main guns fired at a rate of between three and four 215 kg ( 474 lb ) armor piercing ( AP ) shells per minute . Her secondary armament consisted of twelve 15 cm ( 5 . 9 in ) SK L 40 guns in casemates . These guns could fire at 4 5 shells per minute . Babenberg was built with face hardened chrome nickel steel . The main armored belt was 220 mm ( 8 . 7 in ) in the central portion of the ship , where the ammunition magazines , machinery spaces , and other critical areas were located . The belt tapered slightly to 180 mm ( 7 . 1 in ) on either end of the central section . Service history Peacetime When Babenberg was commissioned in 1904 , she began participation in fleet drills with her sister ships SMS rpd and SMS Habsburg . Following a series of simulated wargames against the three Monarch class battleships , Babenberg and the other two Habsburg class ships became the I Battleship Division . With the commissioning of the Erzherzog Karl class battleships in 1906 and 1907 , the Habsburg class battleships were transferred from the I to the II Battleship Division , and the three Monarch class battleships were moved from the II to the III Battleship Division . World War I During World War I , Babenberg served with the IV Division of the Austro Hungarian Navy 's battleships and along with her sister ships Habsburg and rpd and the remainder of the Austro Hungarian Navy . Babenberg was mobilized on the eve of World War I to support the flight of SMS Goeben and Breslau . The two German ships were stationed in the Mediterranean and were attempting to break out of the strait of Messina , which was surrounded by British troops and vessels and make their way to the Ottoman Empire . After the Germans successfully broke out of Messina , the navy was recalled . The fleet had by that time advanced as far south as Brindisi in southeastern Italy . Babenberg and her sister ships also participated in the Bombardment of Ancona after the Italian declaration of war on the Central Powers . Towards the end of the war , the ship was decommissioned and was retained as a harbor defense ship . Following the end of the war , the ship was awarded to Great Britain as a war prize , but was instead sold and broken up for scrapping in Italy in 1921 .
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1,865 | Ivar Hippe ( born 19 March 1953 ) is a Norwegian political consultant , former journalist and presenter . He received national media attention in 1982 when he was expelled from Argentina by the government . On his return to Norway he began working for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation ( NRK ) . In 1999 he became editor in chief of the Norwegian financial journal unk Rapport . In 2003 he wrote the book unk og unk Tore Tnne , media og unk bak unk , which followed Tore Tnne 's last days before his suicide . The book received good reviews and , after the book 's release , Hippe became Gerd Liv Valla 's consultant . He is the older brother of Jon Hippe , the current leader of the Fafo Foundation . Hippe is currently working for the public relations ( PR ) company unk . Career Hippe was born in Oslo and studied at the University of Oslo where he earned the academic degree unk rerum unk . By the late 1970s Hippe had joined the Latin American Group in Oslo and became one of its leading members . The organisation had around 80 members and had collaborated with Amnesty International on projects involving Latin America . Hippe later landed a job as a journalist for the Norwegian newspaper Dagbladet and became the paper 's correspondent in Argentina . Hippe and Frode Holst , a journalist from Norwegian newspaper Verdens Gang , were arrested and expelled from Argentina in 1982 by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs who claimed that they were spies working for the British government . Holst was put on a plane to Brazil and Hippe left for Santiago , Chile . In a press conference Argentina 's Minister of Interior Bernardo Menendez claimed that the journalists were compromising national security . In 1984 he sent a job application to the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation ( NRK ) to become their correspondent in Latin America . When he moved back to Norway he worked for NRK Arbeiderbladet and Fafo . Until 1999 Hippe worked in the economic news sector at NRK . In 1999 Hippe became Editor in Chief of unk Rapport ( unk ) . Hippe openly supported the Labour Party Prime Minister of Norway , Jens Stoltenberg from mid 2000 in Stoltenberg 's first term ( 17 March 2000 to 19 October 2001 ) . Hippe believed the government needed to spend more money from the Norwegian oil fund , saying The greatest paradox today is that the government refuses to investigate what it will mean to buy goods and services abroad in fear that someone will come up with the idea of spending more money than we do today . The government plays with the lives of the sick and aggravates children 's education because of the dogma that oil money cannot be used . Hippe left his position as Editor in Chief in 2002 because the new owners did not share the same future plans for the magazine as he did . He was succeeded by Joachim unk . Six months after Hippe left a number of journalists and most of the old leadership staff had also left the magazine . After quitting his job he was asked to write a book about Tore Tnne , and his recent suicide . When writing the book Hippe interviewed 60 key acquaintances , with the exception of Kjell Inge Rkke who had a friendly relationship with Tnne before his death . The book , entitled unk og unk Tore Tnne , media og unk bak unk ( English Powerful and Powerless Tore Tnne , Media and the Power Play Behind the Scenes ) , was published in 2003 and received considerable acclaim . Before becoming a political consultant he was one of four who applied for the position as director of the Institute for Journalism in 2006 . He was not chosen and instead became a consultant for the leader of the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions , Gerd Liv Valla . In 2006 he worked alongside Erik Solheim and Jonas Gahr Stre on the Norwegian Project , a government funded project with Brazil . According to Hippe the project works for an extensive social dialogue between the employers where they deliberately chose cooperation and dialogue rather than confrontation and conflict with society around them . As of 2010 he works as a consultant for the public relations company unk and Hippe Consult , a company owned by himself . In May 2010 Hippe chaired a debate for the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police on the proposal to introduce data storage directives into Norwegian law . Hippe briefly worked as the consultant to Ellen Kristin Dahl Pedersen who was set to inherit parts of Ellen unk 's fortune . Personal life He is the older brother of Jon Hippe , the former leader of Fafo . Hippe , along with his brother , has a friendly relationship with the former Prime Minister of Norway and current NATO secretary general Jens Stoltenberg . He has two sons , Mathias and Trym Hippe . Currently , he 's in a relationship with renowned author Vigdis unk .
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1,866 | The National Assembly Building ( Slovene unk unk unk , also unk the Parliament ( Parlament ) in Ljubljana , the capital of Slovenia , is a modernist palace housing the legislature of Slovenia . Built between 1954 and 1959 by the architect Vinko Glanz , it is a three storey building with an area of 2 , 200 m2 ( 24 , 000 sq ft ) . It is located on the Republic Square in the center of Ljubljana . Annual visitor numbers are around 13 , 000 . Despite its name , the building houses both the National Assembly ( lower house ) and the National Council ( upper house ) of the legislature . The building is an officially protected monument , led in records as the People 's Assembly Building of the Republic of Slovenia ( unk Republike unk ) . It was opened on 19 February 1959 as the Palace of the People 's Assembly ( unk unk unk ) , because it was built in the time when the Socialist Republic of Slovenia had a People 's Assembly . Construction The Cathedral of Freedom is an unrealised project of the Slovenian Parliament building , designed by the architect Joe unk in 1949 . It featured a large cone shaped roof of 394 feet ( 120 m ) high but failed to result in any action . A new legislature building was thereafter planned by the architect Vinko Glanz , a much more conservative and modest design than either of the unk concepts , being an austere modernist palace with no monumental elements or decorations save a large sculptural group of bronze figures framing its main portico . Work began in 1954 on construction of the building to Glanz 's plans , using unk , a Ljubljana construction firm . Part of the ethos was that local building materials should be used , such as wood , stone and marble . 27 master craftsmen were also used for the metalwork and joinery . It was completed in 1959 . Opening The building , opened as the Palace of the People 's Assembly , hosted the first session of the People 's Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia on 19 February 1959 . For its first 32 years , the building held meetings of the Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia . Following the independence of Slovenia in 1991 , it gave way to use by the Slovenian Parliament both the National Assembly and the National Council . Design Exterior architecture The four storey building is externally austere . A freestanding cube , the main faade faces Republic Square and is inlaid with Karst marble , with green unk granite below each window . The only decorative element is the two storey main portal four oak doors surrounded by statues by Zdenko Kalin and Karel unk which represent working people . Interior Inside , the building is furnished with paintings and frescoes by a selection of Slovenian artists . The largest , a 67 . 4 by 1 . 4 metres ( 221 . 1 by 4 . 6 ft ) wall painting by the 20th century mural artist Slavko unk , extends across the length of the entrance hall and illustrates the history of Slovenians . Created in 1958 and 1959 , the mural portrays events including the Revolutions of 1848 , the First World War and the 1918 creation of the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes , the Second World War and national liberation , and the creation of socialist Yugoslavia and homeland reconstruction . The walls of the first floor corridor are furnished with portraits of former Presidents of the National Assembly . Following the 1991 independence of Slovenia , the building 's interior has been refurbished several times to suit the unk of the new Slovenian Parliament . The center of the building is occupied by the 422 m2 ( 4 , 540 sq ft ) , 150 seat Great Hall , where the National Assembly convenes . Formerly rectangular , it was renovated into an amphitheater in 2000 . Each seat has a microphone , an automatic voting system , plug socket and access to the National Assembly 's computer network . The chair facing the doors to the hall is for the President of the National Assembly . Behind it , a bronze relief of the coat of arms of Slovenia is positioned on the marble wall . The sculptor Marko unk created the work in 1991 to celebrate independence . There is also a 106 seat gallery for the public and guests to view the Great Hall . The National Council holds its meetings in the Small Hall , on the ground floor . The room is also used for public presentations and conferences . Incidents On 18 May 2010 , the front faade of the building , made of rare green tonalite , was severely damaged by students who threw granite rocks removed from a nearby pavement at the building 's main entrance . The incident happened during a large student protest against the proposed law on the introduction of mini jobs that would curb student work and changes to scholarship policy . Repairs to the building were estimated at 27 , 000 euros .
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1,867 | The Pine Middle School shooting was a school shooting that occurred in Reno , Nevada , United States , on March 14 , 2006 . The shooting was perpetrated by then fourteen year old student James Scott Newman who shot and injured two 14 year old eighth grade classmates with a .38 caliber revolver that had belonged to his parents . Newman was arrested and charged as an adult on charges of attempted murder , use of a deadly weapon and use of a firearm by a minor but later plead guilty to different charges of two counts of battery with a deadly weapon , in which he had received sentencing as a juvenile . James Newman was sentenced to house arrest until he completed 200 hours of community service . On March 25 , 2008 , athletics teacher Jencie Fagan , who was hailed a hero for her confrontation with the shooter , was selected as one of the three national winners for the Above Beyond Citizen Honor from the Congressional Medal of Honor Society at a ceremony in Washington , D.C. The shooting On the day of the shooting , the start of school had been delayed by snow and not all students had arrived when the shooting began . Just before 9 00 a.m. ( UTC 8 ) , fourteen year old student James Scott Newman brought his mother 's .38 caliber revolver to the school in his backpack . He removed the concealed pistol from his coat pocket and loaded it with three .38 caliber rounds while in the bathroom . He chose his target , student Alexander Rueda , 14 , at random in a hallway outside the cafeteria . Before he started firing , a friend of Newman yelled at him to put the gun away , but Newman told him to run . He pulled the trigger twice but the gun did not fire because those chambers were empty . He then fired three times at Rueda . One bullet hit Rueda in the arm and torso , and another ricocheted and hit student Kenzie McKeon , 14 , in the leg from the shrapnel . The two injured students had no prior relationship or arguments with Newman . Several students and teachers heard the shots and the physical education teacher , Jencie Fagan , approached Newman and challenged him . Fagan managed to convince Newman to drop his gun and then restrained him until more staff arrived to help . Alexander Rueda was treated at Washoe Medical Center for his wounds and released the same day , while Kenzie McKeon only needed to be treated at the scene for superficial wounds . The school was placed on lockdown for an hour and then classes were canceled for the remainder of the day . The shooting was the second firearm related incident on Pine Middle School grounds in two weeks , with the previous incident being a man brandishing a gun towards the campus . On this occasion school administrators sent students home as a precaution . Motive After the shooting , Newman was interviewed by the police and remained determined that he did not want his parents to be present during questioning , however Newman 's father had arrived sometime after to ask for the questioning to stop until a lawyer would be consulted . During questioning Newman stated that he wanted to use the attack as a way to end abuse from his father , brother , and others . He said he was tired of being called stupid by them . He researched the Columbine High School massacre on the Internet and planned the attack about a week in advance . He conclusively decided against using a knife because he did not want to be up close when blood came out of any of the victims . The night before the attack , Newman 's father had given him a collection of ammunition which included three live .38 caliber rounds . When his parents left the house to eat , he took his mother 's handgun from a small safe in his father 's closet and hid it in his backpack . Aftermath Following the shooting , police arrested James Newman and booked him as an adult on charges of suspicion of attempted murder , use of a deadly weapon and use of a firearm by a minor in Washoe County Jail with a bail of 150 , 000 . However , his trial was put on hold as prosecutors discussed whether he should be tried as an adult or juvenile . Washoe District Attorney Richard unk had announced on March 17 that the evidence given did not support Newman being charged as an adult . By May 2006 , Newman was tried as a juvenile by the Jan Evans Juvenile Justice Center for the charges of two counts of battery with a deadly weapon , instead of the initial charges and was put under house arrest until he completed 200 hours of community service . On March 25 , 2008 , Jencie Fagan was selected as one of three national winners and the Nevada finalist for an Above Beyond Citizen Honor from the Congressional Medal of Honor Society in the Washington , D.C. ceremony , being recognized for her role in prevention of any further incident in the shooting .
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1,868 | Interstate 155 ( I 155 ) is a north south spur of Interstate 55 that provides an interstate connection for the Illinois cities of Peoria and Lincoln . The northern terminus for the interstate is just east of Peoria , at Interstate 74 exit 101 in Morton . The southern terminus , which is northwest of Lincoln , is located on I 55 at exit 127 . The interstate is 32 . 13 miles ( 51 . 71 km ) long . I 155 was created to replace Illinois Route 121 ( abbreviated IL 121 ) . Prompted by safety concerns at a major intersection near Morton , state transportation officials replaced the entire route with a limited access freeway . The interstate was built in several segments from 1970 to 1992 , a period that included a ten year delay due to a lawsuit over right of way . I 155 fully opened to traffic on October 29 , 1992 . Route description Interstate 155 runs north from Interstate 55 just northwest of Lincoln , intersecting U.S. Route 136 east of Emden . 5 miles ( 8 km ) north of U.S. 136 , eastbound Illinois Route 122 joins I 155 traveling north , directly east of Delavan . The two highways run concurrent for 4 miles ( 6 km ) before Illinois 122 runs east to Hopedale . Further north , the highway crosses the Mackinaw River beside a steel truss bridge serving old Illinois Route 121 . East of Tremont , I 155 intersects Illinois Route 9 . 4 miles ( 6 km ) later is Main Street , the first of three northbound exits to Morton . ( There are only two southbound exits , at Queenwood Road and Illinois Route 98 Birchwood Street ) . The highway passes to the west of Morton before intersecting Interstate 74 at a trumpet interchange about 8 miles ( 13 km ) southeast of downtown Peoria . Surrounded mostly by prime land used for farming soybeans and corn , Interstate 155 is a four lane freeway through rural central Illinois . In addition to Morton , Peoria , and Lincoln , I 155 also serves a number of small farm towns located between Peoria and Lincoln . The largest city directly served by I 155 is Tremont however , the highway mainly carries traffic traveling to and from Peoria and Springfield . History I 155 was built on the right of way of former IL 121 . In the early 1960s , the department of transportation opened IL 98 , an east west two lane highway running west from downtown Morton to Pekin . Within a few years , the intersection of IL 98 and IL 121 would be known as the Killer Corner , as traffic volumes increased between Springfield and Peoria on IL 121 . Between when IL 98 was opened and when the corner was closed in 1989 for construction of a full interchange , 15 people were killed as a result of automobile accidents at the corner . Led by key supporters U.S. Representative Robert Michel , former Illinois Department of Transportation ( IDOT ) transportation engineer Jack Harland , and pro freeway organization Route 121 by ' 91 chairman Jim unk IDOT initiated plans to upgrade IL 121 to a four lane freeway . Near Hopedale , a short portion of IL 121 was reconstructed in the early 1970s to replace a bridge over the Mackinaw River . The interchange with I 55 was built , but barricaded to traffic . In 1976 , an injunction won by Peoria attorney Timothy Swain Sr. halted further construction on the highway for ten years . The lawsuit was filed by Swain regarding the amount of right of way the freeway would consume on his 440 acre ( 178 hectare ) farm near Delavan . A U.S. District Court judge sided with IDOT on building the road , but the U.S. Seventh District Court of Appeals overturned the decision , forcing IDOT to rewrite its environmental impact statement regarding the Swain farm . In 1986 IDOT struck a deal with Swain , agreeing to reroute the road and take only 40 acres ( 16 hectares ) of land , ending the lawsuit and resuming construction activities . A portion of the road from I 55 to Hartsburg opened on December 15 , 1989 , about 7 miles ( 11 km ) in length . The freeway was opened in full on October 29 , 1992 , at a ceremony attended by Governor Jim Edgar . The total cost of construction for I 155 was US 130 million . Of this , 10 million was provided by federal funding . Illinois initially applied for the new freeway to be designated Interstate 37 , but on December 7 , 1990 , the request was deferred by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ( AASHTO ) , pending approval by the Federal Highway Administration to add the freeway into the Interstate System . In addition , AASHTO suggested using a 3 digit number when the application was resubmitted . Later , the state submitted another application to AASHTO for the freeway to be named Interstate 155 . On June 9 , 1991 , the AASHTO application was approved and granted when Interstate 155 was completed . Exit list
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1,869 | Yip Pin Xiu ( Chinese unk pinyin Y unk ) , born 10 January 1992 ) is a Singaporean backstroke swimmer . She has muscular dystrophy and competes in the S3 category for the physically impaired . Since 2005 , she has won medals in international competitions such as the World Wheelchair and Amputee Games , Japan Paralympic Swimming Championships and International German Paralympic Swimming Championships . At the 2008 Summer Paralympics , she won a gold medal in the 50 metres backstroke and a silver medal in the 50 metres freestyle , setting world records in both events . In honour of her feats at the Paralympic Garmes , she was conferred the Pingat Jasa Gemilang ( Meritorious Service Medal ) during the National Day Awards ceremony and named Young Woman Achiever of the Year by local magazine Her World . Her achievements contributed to public debate about the treatment and recognition of disabled athletes in Singapore . Early years and personal life Yip was born with muscular dystrophy , a genetic disorder that slowly breaks down the muscles , and a nerve condition that affects eyesight . When she was five , she started swimming to improve her health and strengthen her muscles nevertheless , by the age of eleven , she had lost her ability to walk and had to use a wheelchair . The youngest of three children in her family , she studied in Ai Tong Primary School and unk Secondary School , then graduated from Republic Polytechnic as back up valedictorian and , as of 2012 , is studying social science at Singapore Management University . Swimming career Yip started swimming competitively when she was twelve years old . After losing her ability to kick , Yip switched from the front crawl to the backstroke and was reclassified from the S5 to the S3 category ( lower numbers indicate more severe disabilities ) . Her coach is former Singaporean Olympic swimmer Ang Peng Siong , while fellow Paralympic swimmer Theresa Goh is her close friend and role model . Besides competitive swimming , Yip has participated in events to raise awareness of disabled sports , such as the unk Swimming Meets and Montfort Secondary School Track and Field Meet 2007 . After successes in national championships , Yip participated in the Asia Paralympics Swimming Championship 2005 , winning two gold medals . Her first international competition was the World Wheelchair and Amputee Games 2005 , where she won two gold medals and a bronze . She then received four gold medals at the DSE Long Course Swimming Championships in 2006 . In 2007 , she won three gold medals at the Japan Paralympic Swimming Championships and four gold medals at the World Wheelchair and Amputee Games . At the 4th ASEAN unk , Yip finished first in the women 's 150 metres individual medley , clocking 4 minutes 56 . 34 seconds . She set a world record time of 1 minute 00 . 80 seconds in the 50 metres backstroke at the US Paralympic swimming trials . The 22nd International German Paralympic Swimming Championships saw her set a world record of 2 minutes 10 . 09 seconds in the 100 metres backstroke heats in the finals , she was awarded the gold medal with a time of 2 minutes 08 . 09 seconds , bettering her own world record . Yip started her 2008 Summer Paralympic Games campaign by breaking another world record , clocking 57 . 04 seconds in the women 's 50 metres freestyle heats . However , she was narrowly beaten by Mexican swimmer Patricia Valle in the finals , clinching a silver medal with a time of 57 . 43 seconds . In the women 's 50 metres backstroke heats , she posted a time of 57 . 92 seconds , taking two seconds off her own world record . She then swam the women 's 50 metres backstroke finals in a time of 58 . 75 seconds to win the gold medal . After she returned to Singapore , the president conferred Yip a state medal , the Meritorious Service Medal . The success of Yip and Laurentia Tan , who won two bronze medals in equestrian events , sparked public debate about the treatment and recognition of disabled athletes in Singapore . Letters to The Straits Times criticised the poor coverage of the Paralympics . Many Singaporeans also commented about the disparity of the cash awards handed out by the government S 1 , 000 , 000 for an Olympic gold and S 100 , 000 for a Paralympic gold . When the issues were raised in Parliament , unk parliamentary secretary Teo Ser Luck promised to study plans to give disabled athletes greater support and to include them in sporting programmes such as Project unk , a training programme for top Singaporean sportspeople . Two months later , the cash rewards for Paralympic medals were doubled and funding for the Singapore National Paralympic Council was increased . At the 8th ASEAN Para Games , she is torch lighter with Tay Wei Ming and Gan Kai Hong Aloysius .
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1,870 | You 're Whole is an American satirical television series created by Michael Ian Black for Adult Swim . The show parodies self help infomercials and stars Black as the host , Randall Tyree Mandersohn . In it , Mandersohn advertises his systems of objects and actions designed to help people with their issues . It was the production of Abominable Pictures , with which Black originally consulted with the premise of the show in mind . Meanwhile , Michael Showalter , longtime collaborator of Black , served as the director . The show originally ran from November 5 , 2012 to December 2 , 2013 , airing two seasons and totaling eight episodes . Both seasons were broadcast at 4 00 a.m. as part of DVR Theater on Adult Swim . On air , it was promoted as a series of genuine infomercials . Critical reception was positive , with many praising Black 's performance . A live performance was held at the 2014 SF Sketchfest , also positively received . Synopsis and production You 're Whole is presented as a parody of self help infomercials . Each episode is advertised as part of a larger DVD set , consisting of 27 discs . The show features Michael Ian Black as the host , Randall Tyree Mandersohn a totally blind , volleyball obsessed , self help guru . Along with his wife , Pam ( Cathy Shim ) , Mandersohn aims to help people using his bizarre , convoluted systems of objects and actions . The show was directed by Michael Showalter , a longtime collaborator of Black . Actor Crista Flanagan indicated that the second season was filmed as recently as August 2013 . In a June 2014 interview with the Detroit Metro Times , Black stated that no further seasons would be produced . Writing retrospectively the amount of research put into the show , Black stated that he didn 't spend a lot of time thinking about it , as it would have spoiled some of the stupidity , joking that I 'm nothing if not stupid . Abominable Pictures producer David unk later wrote that Black had come to the company with the idea in mind , and that , with their other parody infomercial Swords , Knives , Very Sharp Objects and Cutlery , it was a happy marriage between their company and Adult Swim . Live performance A live performance of the show was given at the 2014 SF Sketchfest on January 31 . In addition to acting , Black and Showalter interlaced it with clips from the show . Art unk of The Daily Californian observed Showalter to be the straight man to Black 's antics , with both frequently breaking character . He gave the performance a positive review , writing that the result was a concise , lighthearted performance that was faithful to the show . Broadcast and reception The show premiered on November 5 , 2012 on Adult Swim two seasons have been broadcast , totaling eight episodes . Advertised as a series of genuine infomercials , both seasons were broadcast at 4 a.m. , as part of the network 's DVR Theater block . The early morning timeslot was chosen since infomercials usually air during such hours . The first episode was published on YouTube the day after its premiere . One critic Eliot Glazer of Vulture called the early morning time slot terrible , directing readers toward online distribution . Although the show premiered during a graveyard slot in U.S. unk , nearly one million viewers ( 993 , 000 ) saw it on air . The second season premiere marked a slight increase in viewers ( 996 , 000 ) , while both maintained a Nielsen rating of 0 . 7 . Critical reception was positive , with many reviewers praising Black 's performance and the satirizing of American self help gurus , as conveyed through his casual racism and cultural appropriation of foreign rituals . Erik Adams of The A.V. Club found that the show conveys itself in a manner familiar to anyone who 's ever killed time before daylight by flipping through their cable package . Britt Hayes of ScreenCrush called the show absolutely fantastic and Black 's portrayal spot on . Similarly , Aisha Harris of Slate wrote that Black 's performance was wonderfully committed , while the show has pretty much every common trope of the self help craze covered , citing the appropriation of foreign customs for Western audiences as perhaps the most scathing treatment . Meanwhile , Kelly West of Television Blend highlighted some of the more surreal systems , calling the diet in the premiere episode a winner . For Splitsider , Bradford Evans dubbed the show a more mainstream version of Paid Programming , an unsuccessful pilot that was also pitched as a mock infomercial . He found that starring Black , recognizable as a comedic actor , would lead to its success , whereas the former preferred to use unknown actors instead . Episodes Season 1 ( 2012 ) Season 2 ( 2013 )
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1,871 | Joust 2 Survival of the Fittest is an arcade game developed by Williams Electronics and released in 1986 . It is a sequel to Williams ' 1982 game Joust . Like its predecessor , Joust 2 is a platform game that features two dimensional ( 2D ) graphics . The player uses a button and joystick to control a knight riding a flying ostrich . The object is to progress through levels by defeating groups of enemy knights riding buzzards . Joust 2 features improved audio visuals and gameplay elements absent from the original . The game uses more advanced hardware than the original Joust , allowing for the new elements . John Newcomer led development again , which began to create a conversion kit that allowed arcade owners to convert the cabinet into another game . Williams chose a vertically oriented screen for the kit as a result of the design 's popularity at the time . Released during the waning days of the golden age of arcade games , Joust 2 did not achieve the success that Joust reached . The game was later released on home consoles as part of arcade compilations . Gameplay Joust 2 is a platforming game like its predecessor , Joust , in which the player controls a yellow knight riding a flying ostrich from a third person perspective . The player navigates the protagonist around the game world , which consists of floating platforms , via two way joystick and a button . The joystick controls the horizontal direction that the knight travels , while pressing the button makes the ostrich flap its wings . The rate at which the player repeatedly presses the button causes the ostrich to fly upward , hover , or slowly descend . The objective is to defeat groups of enemy knights riding buzzards that populate each level , referred to as a wave . Upon completing a wave , a more challenging one will begin . Players navigate the knight to collide with enemies . The elevation of an enemy in relation to the player 's knight determines the outcome of the collision . If the protagonist is higher than the enemy , the villain is defeated and vice versa . A collision of equal elevations results in the two knights bouncing off each other . Joust 2 introduced a transformation ability that morphs the player 's bird into a pegasus , which provides better offensive capabilities while on ground but poor flight capabilities . A second player can join the game . The two players can either cooperatively complete the waves or attack each other while competitively defeating enemies . Development Joust 2 was developed by Williams Electronics , with John Newcomer as the lead designer . The game features amplified monaural sound and raster graphics on a 19 inch color CRT monitor . Like other Williams arcade games , Joust 2 was programmed in assembly language . Williams ' video game department had shrunk following a decline in the video game industry . The company wanted to sell an arcade conversion kit for games that use a vertically oriented monitor , which had become popular at the time . Management felt that a sequel would improve the kit 's unk . The company decided to release a sequel to either Robotron 2084 or Joust , ultimately choosing the latter . Technology had progressed since the original 's release , providing more flexibility than before . As a result , Newcomer conceived new elements additional characters , improved audio visuals , and new mechanics . To portray a progression of villains , the staff added a new enemy , Knight Lord . The developers added backgrounds to the levels , inspired by artwork by M. C. Escher , Newcomer 's favorite artist . Staff added a transform button to provide players with more variety and balance the gameplay . Reception and legacy Williams shipped around 1 , 000 units of Joust 2 , significantly fewer than its predecessor . Brett Alan Weiss of Allgame and Mike Bevan of Retro Gamer attributed the poor numbers to an industry slump in the mid 1980s . Joust 2 arcade cabinets have since become fairly rare among collectors . Weiss negatively compared the game to its predecessor , calling Joust more popular and enjoyable . However , he commented that Joust 2 's graphics are more detailed and robust . In retrospect , Newcomer expressed dissatisfaction with the game 's design , specifically the monitor 's orientation . He commented that the gameplay works best with a horizontal orientation or with multi directional scrolling . The vertical orientation proved to be a hindrance for home conversion . The game saw fewer home releases than Joust . In 1997 , it was released as part of Arcade 's Greatest Hits The Midway Collection 2 . Joust 2 was also included in the 2003 and 2012 multi platform compilations Midway Arcade Treasures and Midway Arcade Origins , respectively . It also appeared in 2016 's Lego Dimensions .
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1,872 | Omar Derdour ( Arabic unk ) , full name Abou El unk Omar Derdour ( 13 October 1913 19 March 2009 ) , was an Algerian Muslim leader , nationalist , and political worker . A disciple of Abdelhamid Ben Badis , he was active in the Islamic reformation of Algeria and the Algerian War of Independence . He directed the Friends of the Manifesto and Liberty Party 's ( in French Amis du Manifeste et de la Libert , AML ) Federation in Constantine , and was a member of the Central Committee and Deputy of the Constantine region from 1947 to 1951 . In 1954 , Omar Derdour became a political worker within the National Liberation Front ( FLN ) and undertook a great deal of propaganda and mobilization in France in 1955 and 1956 and then in Cairo , Egypt and throughout the Arab world . After independence , Omar Derdour devoted himself to teaching , became a founding member of the Islamic Institute , and founded numerous other Muslim institutions and schools . Early years Derdour was born on 13 October 1913 in unk , a small village in the municipality of unk El Abed , in the heart of the Aurs Mountains . He was born into a family of scholars which hailed from the unk Abdi Valley in that mountain region . The village lies He learned the Quran in his great grandfather 's unk ( a Maghrebi Islamic school ) . Derdour went to Tolga where he studied at the school of Sheikh Ali bin Omar for two years , and was given a thorough Islamic education in language and jurisprudence . In 1932 Sheikh Abdul Hafiz al Hashemi took Omar Derdour to Constantine and introduced him to Sheikh Imam Abdelhamid Ben Badis , who agreed to accept him as a pupil on the condition that he passed an examination . In 1933 Derdour joined the Green Mosque ( unk El Akhdar ) and began studying under Sheikh Abdelhamid Ben Badis . He would remain there for seven years . In 1934 , Ben Badis appointed Derdour teacher in the two mosques of Sidi unk and Sidi unk in Constantine . In 1936 , he became the close assistant of Ben Badis in organizing the courses . Return to unk In 1936 Omar Derdour and a group of fellow students founded a division of the Algerian Muslim Scholars Association and became active in education in the fields of religious and national awareness . In 1937 , Derdour returned to his village to establish a madrasa for the education of children and adults . Ben Badis considered him the soul of the unk movement in the Aures . At the end of 1937 , the French authorities became aware of his activities and imprisoned him in Batna for inciting the population to civil disobedience . Derdour was released on 6 January 1938 , but was imprisoned a second time in August 1939 to complete his four month sentence and was fined 8 , 000 francs . He was released in September 1939 upon the outbreak of World War II ( 1939 1945 ) . During the war the authorities suppressed all political activities , and he was forced to limit himself to non political education . Struggle for independence Omar Derdour directed the AML Party 's Federation in Constantine , and was a member of the Central Committee and Deputy of the Constantine region from 1947 until 1951 . The purpose of the AML party was to publicize and defend the Manifest du Peuple unk anti French , it demanded equal rights for the Muslim population and an autonomous Algeria federated with France , the colonial power . Between July 1955 and January 1956 he lived in Vichy , France , working with the National Liberation Front ( FLN ) on defining the objectives and approach of the revolution . Derdour moved to Cairo , meeting Sheikh Mohammed Bashir unk and other members of the Revolutionary Command . He was given the task of travelling to the Arab countries to raise support for the Algerian revolution . Derdour was based in Cairo until he moved to Tunisia in 1960 . He taught soldiers on the Algerian border until independence was achieved in 1962 . Independent Algeria After Algeria gained independence , Omar Derdour devoted himself to teaching Islam and Arabic . He founded the first Islamic institute in Batna in May 1963 , followed by the creation of similar institutions in several cities across the country , reaching 10 , 000 students . In 1981 , Derdour was appointed director of the institute in Sidi Okba for training imams and regional inspectors of religious affairs in Batna , Khenchela and Oum El unk , holding this position until his retirement . In 1986 , Derdour was appointed regional inspector of Religious Affairs in Batna and Khenchela provinces . In the 2000s he built a mosque and a unk in the locality of El Hamza in the municipality of Oued Taga and a school in the village of his birth . On 19 March 2009 Abou El unk Omar Derdour died after a long battle against the effects of a stroke . He was buried in unk .
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1,873 | Can 't B Good is a song by American recording artist Janet Jackson , taken from her tenth studio album Discipline ( 2008 ) . The song was written and produced by D. DoRohn Gough and Ne Yo , and was released as the fourth and final single from Discipline on March 18 , 2008 . The song is a soulful , jazzy R B track about Jackson 's relationship with Jermaine Dupri . The song received mostly positive reviews from music critics , who praised it for being smooth , tender and lovely , and picked the song as one of the best tracks on Discipline , with some others comparing the song to Human Nature ( 1983 ) , performed by her brother Michael Jackson . Commercially , the song only managed to reach number 76 on the US Hot R B Hip Hop Songs chart . Background and composition Can 't B Good was written and produced by D. DoRohn Gough and Ne Yo . It was recorded between 2007 and 2008 at unk Studios , in Atlanta , Georgia . Although Jackson didn 't write the song , Jackson described Can 't B Good as a song reflecting her seven year relationship with songwriter producer Jermaine Dupri , saying , I 'd been hurt before , and I was trying to protect myself . I 'm glad I allowed myself to accept it . He 's very attentive and affectionate , a beautiful soul . Princess P. from MWZA described the lyrics as standard falling in love too deep far , with the unk of the snare contrasting heavily with the layers of cooing vocals . Musically , the song is a midtempo smooth and jazzy R B ballad , featuring thundering bass , piano , with eighties keyboard sounds and cooing harmonies . Princess P. from MWZA wrote the song resembles Aaliyah 's Rock the Boat with a more punishing beat , Michael Jackson 's Butterflies ( 2001 ) and Janet Jackson 's own track Spending Time With You from Damita Jo ( 2004 ) . Critical reception Can 't B Good received mostly positive reviews from music critics . Andy Kellman from AllMusic picked the song as one of the album 's best tracks , highlighting that it 's a descendent of her brother Michael 's ' Can 't Help It , ' with that gentle and affecting self examination that only a Jackson can do so well . Chuck Taylor of Billboard magazine wrote that ' Can 't B Good ' serves up a smooth , jazzy groove and Jackson 's soft , supple vocal , fluffed with multiple background layers that duly merit adult R B love . Princess P. from MWZA saw that , The layers pile and pile so that by the bridge , the song is virtually dizzying , calling it extremely well produced . The Boston Globe writer Joan Anderman perceived the song is eerily reminiscent of ' Human Nature ' , one of brother Michael 's most elegant records . Margeaux Watson of Entertainment Weekly agreed , calling a tender throwback to the same song . Los Angeles Times ' Ann Powers called it a waterfall of mixed emotions enfolding a sunlit morning after , and the most emotionally vulnerable ballad Jackson 's recorded in years . Dan Gennoe of Yahoo Music wrote that the song proves that ballads don 't have to be inane and that she doesn 't have to spell out exactly where she wants it and how to be sexy . Glenn Gamboa from Newsday praised the track , writing that it could be one of her best songs ever . Caroline Sullivan , writing for The Guardian , simply wrote that Can 't B Good is completely lovely . Andy Battaglia of The A.V. Club called it a majestic song produced by Ne Yo . Tom Young of BBC Music called it a potential diamond . For Nick Levine from Digital Spy , the song was created to recall classic Jackson ballads like Come Back to Me ( 1990 ) and Let 's Wait Awhile ( 1987 ) , but failed to do so , due to its lack of melody . Chad Grischow of IGN was less favorable , calling it cheesy late eighties ballad , featuring wafer thin breathy vocals that sounds like someone calling you to their hospital bed rather than the bedroom . Remix and chart performance A remix of the song was released , featuring Jamaican rapper Red Rat , and produced by unk . Can 't B Good was the fifth most added song on Radio Records 's Urban AC panel , where it debuted at number 40 on R R 's Urban AC Chart for the chart week dated March 28 , 2008 . The song debuted and peaked at number 40 on the Billboard Hot Adult R B Airplay chart the week ending April 5 , 2008 . It peaked at number 76 on the Hot R B Hip Hop Songs chart . Credits and personnel Janet Jackson vocals David DoRohn Gough songwriter , producer Shaffer Smith songwriter , producer Jermaine Dupri vocals production Manuel Seal vocals production Ian Cross vocals production , mixing assistant Phil Tan mixing John Houghkirk engineer Carlos Oyanedel assistant Credits and personnel adapted from Discipline album liner notes . Charts
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1,874 | Kepler 11c is an exoplanet discovered in the orbit of the sun like star Kepler 11 by the Kepler spacecraft , a NASA telescope aiming to discover Earth like planets . It is the second planet from its star , and is most likely a water planet with a thin hydrogen helium atmosphere . Kepler 11c orbits Kepler 11 every 10 days , and has an estimated density twice that of pure water . It is estimated to have a mass thirteen times that of Earth and a radius three times that of Earth . Kepler 11c and its five sister planets form the first discovered system with more than three transiting planets . The Kepler 11 system also holds the record of being the most compact and the flattest system discovered . Kepler 11c and the other Kepler 11 planets were announced to the public on February 2 , 2011 , and was published in Nature a day later . Name and discovery Kepler 11c 's name is divided into two parts it is named for Kepler 11 , the star around which it orbits . As planets with discoveries that are announced at the same time are sorted by distance , Kepler 11c 's c is because it was the second closest planet from its host star at the time of discovery ( Kepler 11b is the closest ) . Kepler 11 , the host star , was named for the Kepler satellite , a NASA telescope that searches for terrestrial planets by measuring small fluctuations in the light of stars that occurs when celestial bodies transit , or cross in front of , the star with respect to Earth . Kepler 11 was flagged as home to a potential transit event by the satellite , and was given the designation KOI 157 . After further observations , Kepler 11c 's existence was confirmed by the observation of an orbital resonance effect between Kepler 11b and Kepler 11c . Along with the other five planets in orbit around Kepler 11 , Kepler 11c was announced on February 2 , 2011 at a press conference . Its findings were published on February 3 in the journal Nature . The Kepler 11 system is the first known to host more than three transiting planets . Follow up observations were conducted by the Hale and the C. Donald Shane telescopes in California MMT , WIYN , and Tillinghast telescopes in Arizona the Keck I telescope in Hawaii the Hobby Eberly and Smith telescopes in Texas and the Nordic Optical Telescope in the Canary Islands . Host star Kepler 11c 's host star , Kepler 11 , is a G type star 2 , 000 light years away in the Cygnus constellation . With a mass of .95 Msun , a radius of 1 . 1 Rsun , a metallicity of Fe H 0 , and an effective temperature of 5680 ( 100 ) K , Kepler 11 is almost identical to the Sun in terms of radius , mass , and temperature . However , Kepler 11 is much older than the Sun , with an estimated age of 8 ( 2 ) billion years ( the Sun is approximately 4 . 6 billion years old ) . Along with Kepler 11c , Kepler 11 is host to the planets Kepler 11b , Kepler 11d , Kepler 11e , Kepler 11f , and Kepler 11g . The inner five planets ' orbits would fit within the orbit of planet Mercury , while Kepler 11g orbits Kepler 11 at a much further distance in comparison to the inner components . With an apparent magnitude of 14 . 2 , Kepler 11 cannot be seen from Earth with the naked eye . Characteristics Kepler 11c has a mass of 13 . 5 ME and a radius of 3 . 15 RE , making it over 13 . 5 times the mass of earth , but approximately 3 . 15 times its radius . Neptune , in comparison , has a radius approximately 3 . 9 times that of Earth . With a density of 2 . 3 grams cm3 , Kepler 11c has a mass over double of that of pure water at 0 C it is also denser than all the Sun 's gas giants , but less dense than any of its rocky planets . Its density is closest to the dwarf planet Pluto . Due in part to its proximity to its star , the planet 's equilibrium temperature is 833 K , about three times hotter than Earth 's average temperature . It orbits Kepler 11 every 13 . unk days at a distance of unk AU it is Kepler 11 's second closest planet . Mercury , in comparison , orbits every 87 . 97 days at a distance of .387 AU . The orbit 's inclination of Kepler 11c is 89 , and is thus almost edge on as seen from Earth . The Kepler team has said that Kepler 11b and Kepler 11c are probably composed mostly of water with a thin hydrogen and helium atmosphere . In comparison to the outer planets of the system , which probably have large hydrogen and helium atmospheres , Kepler 11c 's proximity to its star has blown off most of its atmosphere . Kepler 11 and its six planet system form what NASA considers to be the most compact and flattest planetary system yet discovered . Kepler 11b and Kepler 11c orbit Kepler 11 with a phenomenon called orbital resonance , a gravitational tugging that keeps their orbit stable at a 5 . 4 ratio .
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1,875 | Catharine Ball Condon ( born September 30 , 1951 ) , ne Catharine unk Ball , is an American former competition swimmer , Olympic champion , and former world record holder in three events . At the 1968 Summer Olympics , she won a gold medal as a member of the winning U.S. 4 100 meter medley relay team . Ball is a former world record holder in the 100 meter and 200 meter breaststroke events , and is remembered as a teenage star who was the dominant female breaststroke swimmer of her generation . Early years Ball was born in Jacksonville , Florida in 1951 . As a teenager , she swam for the unk swim team in Amateur Athletic Union ( AAU ) competition and attended Robert E. Lee High School in Jacksonville . In August 1966 , she set a new American record of 2 44 . 8 in the 200 meter breaststroke at the AAU national championships , shattering the previous mark by almost three seconds . In December 1966 , she tied the world record of 1 15 . 7 in the 100 meter breaststroke at the international swim meet at the Hall of Fame pool in Fort Lauderdale , Florida . While swimming for the Lee High School Generals swim team , she won the 1967 Florida 2A state high school championships in the 200 yard individual medley and the 100 yard breaststroke events , setting Florida state records in both . Her Florida record in the 100 yard breaststroke stood for eleven years . International swimming career Ball set a new world record in the 200 meter breaststroke at the Santa Clara invitational swim meet in July 1967 . At the 1967 Pan American Games in Winnipeg , Manitoba , Ball won two individual gold medals in the women 's 100 meter and 200 meter breaststroke events , and a third in the women 's 4 100 meter medley relay in which she swam the breaststroke leg for the winning U.S. team of unk Moore , Ball , Ellie Daniel and Wendy Fordyce . In the process , she set new world records in all three events . During 1967 , she set world records in all four ( two metric , two non metric ) individual breaststroke events as a 15 year old . Despite having to overcome mononucleosis and missing several scheduled meets in early 1968 , Ball was the favorite to win three gold medals at the 1968 Olympics . She was the reigning world record holder in all four breaststroke distances and bettered her own world records in the 100 meter and 200 meter breaststroke at the U.S. Olympic Trials in August 1968 . She arrived at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City , however , with a case of influenza . She won her only Olympic medal , a gold , as a member of the winning U.S. 4 100 meter medley relay team by swimming the breaststroke leg of the four person relay . Sharing the gold medal honors were her relay teammates Kaye Hall ( backstroke ) , Ellie Daniel ( butterfly ) and Susan Pedersen ( freestyle ) . In the 100 meter breaststroke final , Ball led close to the finish but physical exhaustion overwhelmed her , and she finished fifth . She was too ill to swim in the subsequent preliminary heats of the 200 meter breaststroke and was scratched from the event . College coaching career After the Olympics , Ball received a special scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville , Florida , but effectively dropped out of competition swimming because there were no women 's college swim teams at the time and because of her desire to lead a more normal life . As an undergraduate senior at the University of Florida , she was hired by athletic director Ray Graves to be the first head coach of the newly organized women 's Florida Gators swimming and diving team in Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women ( AIAW ) competition during the 1972 73 school year . In their first year of intercollegiate competition , Ball 's Lady Gators swimmers were undefeated in dual meets and placed second at the AIAW national championship during her single season tenure . Ball graduated from the University of Florida with a bachelor 's degree in education in 1973 . Life after swimming Ball currently resides in Pensacola , Florida . In the time since retiring from competition swimming at the age of 17 , she has been a college swim coach , kindergarten teacher , junior swim coach , housewife and interior decorator . Ball and her business partner have operated a successful interior decorating business , Beside the Point , for the past decade . She and her husband Tom Condon have three children and two grandchildren . She was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1976 , and the Florida Sports Hall of Fame in 2010 . World records Women 's 100 meter breaststroke Women 's 200 meter breaststroke Women 's 4 100 meter medley relay Note All record times and locations are sourced to USA Swimming 's list of world records .
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1,876 | Homansbyen Depot ( Norwegian Homansbyen unk ) , officially Kristiania unk ( Kristiania Tramway Installation ) was an Oslo Tramway depot at Sporveisgata 8 near Bislett in Oslo , Norway . It was constructed for Kristiania Sporveisselskab in 1874 and was the first tramway depot in the country . The facilities were designed by Henrik unk Meyer and featured an administrative office , a horse stable , a forge , a workshop , a weighing shed , and a wagon depot . It had space for 28 horse wagons , 16 sleds , and 116 horses . The administrative office was built in brick and housed apartments , offices , and a laboratory for the veterinarian . The depot was reconstructed several times , and taken out of use in 1966 . It was demolished three years later , and replaced with residential apartment blocks . History The tramway operating company Kristiania Sporveisselskab was established on October 2 , 1874 , and started scheduled horse tram services on October 6 , 1875 . The network comprised a line from Homansbyen over Stortorvet to Gamlebyen , with a branch line to Oslo West Station . Also in October 1874 , Kristiania unk bought 12 square kilometers ( 4 . 6 sq mi ) of the square unk near Bislett , at the end of the Homansbyen Line , where the depot was built . It was constructed with a building housing the company 's administrative office , horse stables , a wagon depot , a forge , and a weighing shed . These installations were designed by the Norwegian architect Henrik unk Meyer . All installations but the head office were addressed to Sporveisgata 8 . The head office was addressed to unk . When the Oslo Tramway was electrified in 1899 , a large reorganization of Homansbyen Depot took place . The horse stables were rebuilt to serve as tramway depots , requiring more space . The workshop was extended with additional rooms in the surrounding buildings . Plans for building a steam power station at the depot never materialised . Kristiania Sporveisselskab acquired Kristiania Kommunale Sporveie in 1905 , and additional extensions of the depot were built . In 1907 , the administrative office was completely rebuilt two years later , and an additional 60 meter ( 200 ft ) long tramway depot was constructed in Pilestredet . When Oslo Sporveier acquired all the city 's private tram companies in 1924 , Homansbyen became the head office . Homansbyen also housed the payroll office . During the World War II , on August 29 , 1944 , two armed men entered the payroll office in unk and stole 120 , 000 Norwegian krone ( NOK ) , while demanding the local treasurer Knut unk and his assistant to hold their hands lifted . The two men have not been identified , but they are suspected to have come from Milorg , which had a deficit of money during the war . When the Etterstad Depot became operational in 1966 , the Homansbyen Depot was closed and the property sold . The tramway installations were demolished in 1969 and replaced with apartment blocks , local schools , and offices . The only visible remains of the depot is the street name Sporveisgata ( The Tramway Street ) . Facilities The installations of the depot were all built in brick and were rebuilt many times . The head office had two floors . The ground floor featured six rooms , four serving as offices . unk and coaches occupied the other two rooms . The second floor consisted of apartments for the stable keeper and depot inspector and a laboratory for the horse veterinarian . The stable originally had stalls for 116 healthy and 12 ill horses . The stable was insured for 12 , 000 Norwegian unk , twice the amount for the head office building . The wagon depot had space for 28 trams and 16 sleds . The 16 sleds were purchased between 1875 and 1879 , and replaced the horsecars during the winter . The forge had space for two smiths and featured a small room where the horses were shoed . Location The depot was located in Sporveisgata , between unk gate and the street junction Pilestredet Sporveisgata . The street Sporveisgata was in the beginning only a branch from Pilestredet , but it became a street in its own right in 1879 , after the tramway installations had been constructed . While it was located in a branch to Pilestredet , the depot had Pilestredet 75 as its address . After the branch had its name changed to Sporveisgata , the address was renamed Sporveisgata 8 . Initially , the depot was located at the very end of the Homansbyen Line . Consequently , trams traveling to the depot had to run from the terminus unk , via a curve from unk gate over Bislett and Pilestredet to Sporveisgata 8 . Sporveisgata stretches from unk in the south east to unk gate in the north west . As of 2012 , the nearest tram stops to the depot are Bislett on the Ullevl Hageby Line and Rosenborg on the Briskeby Line .
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1,877 | The Picardy Spaniel is a breed of dog developed in France for use as a gundog . It is related to the Blue Picardy Spaniel , and still has many similarities , but the Picardy Spaniel is the older of the two breeds . It is thought to be one of the two oldest continental spaniel breeds and was favoured by the French nobility , remaining popular for hunting after the French Revolution due to its weather resistant coat that enabled it to hunt in a variety of conditions and terrain . However its popularity waned following the influx of English hunting breeds in the early 20th century . Slightly smaller than an English Setter but larger than most of its spaniel cousins , it has no major health issues although as with many breeds with pendulous ears , it can be prone to ear infections . History The French Spaniel and the Picardy Spaniel are considered to be the two oldest continental breeds of spaniel . Both breeds are speculated to have stemmed from the Chien d ' unk described in the writings of Gaston Phoebus . Hunting during this period in France was one of the favourite sports of the nobility and the French type of Spaniel became the favourite hunting dog of the French Royalty . The breed can be seen in paintings dating from this period by artists Alexandre Franois unk and Jean Baptiste Oudry . They were also the first breed of dog to be admitted into salons . The breed became more popular still following the French Revolution and the aftermath in which hunting was no longer restricted to the nobility . Although spread throughout France , a large concentration was located in the north west where the weather resistant coat of the breed made it ideal for the wooded and swampy conditions . During the early 19th century , British hunters crossed the channel to hunt in the grounds of north west France . The British brought their own hunting dogs , and this resulted in a change of preference as French hunters switched to English breeds and caused a major blow to the existence of the Picardy Spaniel . In addition the infusion of blood from the English Setter into the local spaniel population created the Blue Picardy Spaniel . Recognition The unk Picard Club was formed in 1921 and was merged with the Club of Blue Picardy Spaniel on 28 July 1937 . A further merger took place on 21 May 1980 when these clubs merged with the Pont Audemer Club to form the Club des unk unk , Bleus de Picardie Pont Audemer . The Picardy Spaniel is recognised by a variety of Kennel Clubs and associations including the North American Kennel Club , American Rare Breed Association , United Kennel Club , and the Fdration Cynologique Internationale . All four associations use the standard as set by the FCI . It is also recognised by the Continental Kennel Club , but unlike the closely related Blue Picardy Spaniel , it is not recognised by the Canadian Kennel Club . Description Appearance Typical examples of the breed measure between 22 24 inches ( 56 61 cm ) at the withers , with the average weight between 20 25 kilograms ( 44 55 lb ) . The breed is similar in size to the English Setter , although is slightly smaller . Of the Spaniel type breeds , only the Large unk and unk unk are recognised as possibly growing to larger sizes , with the unk measuring 21 . 5 25 . 5 in ( 55 65 cm ) , and the unk slightly smaller with a narrower range at 23 25 in ( 58 64 cm ) . The breed has a squarely built muscular body and an oval shaped head with a long muzzle and long ears that hang fairly low . Its coat can vary in colours from chocolate , chestnut brown and white with sandy coloured markings on the head and white or grey spots on the legs . Its hair is abundant with a slight wave , enabling it to work in dense cover and even in water . Temperament The Picardy Spaniel is a docile breed of dog and is fond of playing with children and bonds well with their master . It is described as having a gentle sociable nature , possessing a good character and being relatively easy to train . In France , the breed is used for hunting in wooded areas for Pheasants , and in swamps for Snipes . However it can also be used for hunting ducks , hares and rabbits . The breed excels at hunting in marshes and will not hesitate to jump into water . It can also adequately serve as a retriever should it be required . The dog is content with a small amount of space and could suit life in the city , but also loves open spaces . Health The Picardy Spaniel has no known hereditary health problems , and has an average lifespan of 14 years . However being a hunting spaniel , the breed is prone to ear infections . These infections are common among dogs with pendulous ears , including Basset Hounds and other breeds of spaniel . unk a Picardy Spaniel may lead to overweight .
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1,878 | Trondheim Airport Station ( IATA code TRD ) , also known as Vrnes Station ( Norwegian Vrnes unk ) , is a railway station located within the terminal complex of Trondheim Airport , Vrnes in Stjrdal , Norway . Situated on the Nordland Line , it serves both express trains and the Trndelag Commuter Rail both operated by Norges Statsbaner . The station was opened on 15 November 1994 along with a new terminal at the airport , making it the first airport rail link in the Nordic Countries . The station cost NOK 24 million , and was built along the existing railway line . In each direction , the station handles one to two hourly commuter rail services , and three daily express services . Travel time to Trondheim is 38 minutes , while it is 9 hours and 5 minutes to Bod . Access to the airport terminal is outdoors , but sheltered . Facilities The station is located at the terminal of Trondheim Airport , Vrnes . The connection between the station and the airport is outside , but there is a roof for the whole distance . The platform is about 190 metres ( 620 ft ) from the check in at the terminal . The station is 33 . 0 kilometres ( 20 . 5 mi ) from Trondheim Central Station , and located 5 . 0 metres ( 16 . 4 ft ) above mean sea level . There is no manned ticket sale , but a vending machine for tickets is located in the airport terminal . Luggage trolleys are available , and the airport terminal offers an array of traveler services , such as dining , paid parking , restrooms , car rental , taxis , retailing , ATMs and kiosks . There is a single track at the station , but built in such a way that the it can easily be converted to become an island platform with two tracks . Work on a second track has not begun as of 2014 , but there is budget for double track between Hell and Vrnes . Service The Norwegian State Railways operates both commuter and express trains to Trondheim Airport . In each direction , there are three daily express trains , one to Mo i Rana and two to Bod . One of the Bod trains is a night train . Travel time to Mo i Rana is 6 hours and travel time to Bod is 9 hours and 5 minutes . The Mo i Rana service is operated with Class 93 trains , while the Bod services are operated with Di 4 hauled trains . The Trndelag Commuter Rail offers hourly services in each direction northbound to Steinkjer and southbound to Trondheim and Lerkendal . During peak hours , the frequency is doubled . Travel time to Trondheim is 38 minutes and to Lerkendal 51 minutes . Northwards , travel time to Levanger is 48 minutes , to Verdal 1 hour and 2 minutes , and to Steinkjer 1 hour and 26 minutes . The commuter rail is operated with Class 92 trains . From the airport , there is connection with local buses operated by Nettbuss . unk operates an airport coach to and from the city center of Trondheim every ten minutes from 4 in the morning until 9 in the evening . NOR WAY Bussekspress and TrnderBilene operate a coach service to Steinkjer and onwards to Namsos . History The railway past Vrnes opened on 27 October 1902 as the Hell Sunnan Line today part of the Nordland Line . The plans for a railway station in the terminal of Vrnes were launched in 1990 , along with the plans to build a second terminal at the airport . Construction of the new terminal started on 1 October 1992 . On 15 March 1993 , NSB announced that they would start a commuter train service between Steinkjer and Melhus , south of Trondheim . The service would give a half hour headway during peak hours between Stjrdal and Melhus , and a one hour headway onwards to Steinkjer . NSB stated that the concept was based on the success of the Jren Commuter Rail and that they hoped to have a 70 increase in ridership , in part due to the opening of the airport station . The concept would also take advantage of expansion of Trondheim Central Station that would co locate the main unk and train terminals in Trondheim . The service would also give direct services along the Dovre Line to Oppdal and the Rros Line to Tynset . Estimates were that the railway would capture a 10 ground transport market share . The commuter rail service started on 1 September 1993 . Construction of the railway station started on 7 April 1994 , and cost NOK 24 million . The terminal opened on 15 November 1994 , the same day as the new airport terminal . Minister of Transport and Communications Kjell Opseth performed the official opening . NSB stated that their primary goal was not to compete with the four hourly airport coaches that operated to the hotels in Trondheim , but instead to provide services to communities in Nord Trndelag and south of Trondheim . It was the first airport rail link to open in Northern Europe , with the closest integrated train station at Schiphol Airport in Amsterdam , the Netherlands .
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1,879 | Paparazzi is a song recorded in the Japanese language by South Korean girl group Girls ' Generation for their second Japanese language studio album , Girls Peace ( 2012 ) . It was released as the album 's lead single on June 27 , 2012 . Written by Fredrik unk , Johan Becker , and Junji Ishiwatari , and produced by Miles Walker , the track was described as an electropop and R B song . To promote the single , Girls ' Generation appeared on Japanese music programs Music Station and Hey Hey Hey Music Champ , while a music video for the song directed by Toshiyuki Suzuki premiered on June 10 , 2012 in order to accompany the release of the song . Upon its release , Paparazzi received mixed reviews from music critics , who compared the song to the group 's previous Japanese language single Mr. Taxi in 2011 . The track was ranked number 19 on Spin 's list of top 20 K pop songs of 2012 . The single was a commercial success in Japan , peaking atop the Japan Hot 100 and at number two on both the Oricon Singles Chart and RIAJ Digital Track Chart . Paparazzi was certified Gold in Japan for the sales of the single 's digital and physical release , respectively . Recording and release Paparazzi is a song recorded in the Japanese language , which was described as a hybrid of electropop and R B. It was written by Swedish songwriters Fredrik unk and Johan Becker , while production was handled by American producer Miles Walker . Japanese songwriter Junji Ishiwatari provided additional writing credits . The track was released as the lead single from the group 's second Japanese language studio album , Girls Peace ( 2012 ) , as part of the group 's foray into the Japanese music industry . It was released for CD and DVD sales in Japan by Nayutawave Records , which is affiliated with Universal Music Group , on June 27 , 2012 . The song was made available for digital purchase globally on the same day . Paparazzi was also released in Hong Kong , Taiwan , and South Korea in mid 2012 under license by Universal Music Hong Kong , Universal Music Taiwan , and S.M. Entertainment , respectively . Promotion To promote the single , Girls ' Generation performed Paparazzi on the Japanese music program Music Station on June 22 , 2012 , where the group wore tuxedos and pink gloves . On July 9 , 2012 , the group staged their second performance of the song on Fuji Television 's Hey Hey Hey Music Champ , where the members wore tuxedos with black gloves . The accompanying music video for Paparazzi was directed by Toshiyuki Suzuki and is almost seven minutes long . In the video , Girls ' Generation performs on stage in a theatre , with the set inspired by classic musicals . The video begins with the members wearing trench coats and whimsically prancing to Gene Kelly 's Singin ' in the Rain . During the main performance of Paparazzi , the video is intercut with scenes of the members being followed by photographers . They perform in two different outfits showgirl inspired costumes and tuxedos with pink gloves . Jeff Benjamin from Billboard praised the dance routines for their perfect nine piece synchronization and opined that the pink gloves of the girls resembled those worn by Marilyn Monroe . Reception Upon its release , Paparazzi received mixed reviews from music critics . Jeff Benjamin from Billboard named it a high energy track . James Hadfield , writing for the Tokyo edition of Time Out , compared the song 's R B styles to those of the group 's previous 2011 Japanese language single Mr. Taxi and called it a redux of the latter single , writing that you 'd struggle to spot many real improvements . Paparazzi was a commercial success in Japan , debuting at number two on the Oricon Singles Chart on the chart issue dated July 9 , 2012 the number one position belonged to unk unk 's single To the Limit . The following week , it dropped to number ten . Paparazzi became the 58th best selling physical single of 2012 on the Oricon chart , selling 136 , 181 copies . The single debuted at number 31 on the Billboard Japan Hot 100 on July 2 , 2012 . The following week , it rose up to the top position on the chart . On the chart issue dated July 16 , 2012 , the single dropped to number seven . Paparazzi ranked at number 50 on the year end chart of 2012 . The track as well charted at number two on the Billboard Japan Hot Singles Sales , number five on the Billboard Japan Adult Contemporary Airplay , and number two on the RIAJ Digital Track Chart . According to Nielsen SoundScan , Paparazzi has sold 103 , 000 digital copies in Japan as of July 2012 . Track listing Credits and personnel Credits adapted from the CD issue 's liner notes Charts Sales and certifications Release history
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1,880 | Rembrandt ( 15 March 1977 30 October 2001 ) was a dark bay Westphalian gelding ridden for Germany by Nicole Uphoff in dressage competitions . Together , the pair won four Olympic gold medals , three gold and one silver World Equestrian Games medals , and numerous other international championships . Although known as a sensitive horse prone to spookiness , Rembrandt 's elegance and expression in the ring allowed him to become one of the top horses in the sport of dressage . Early life Rembrandt was foaled in 1977 by Herbert de unk . His sire was unk II , a famous Westphalian stallion during the 1970s , and his dam was Adone , full sister to unk , a multiple Olympic medal winning dressage horse under German rider Reiner unk . Due to his Thoroughbred like appearance , several riders passed over a chance to purchase the gelding as a youngster . In 1981 , he was purchased by Nicole Uphoff 's father , Jrgen Uphoff , as a mount for his then 14 year old daughter . Rembrandt was too much for her , however , and he was sent to train with Klaus unk , a noted trainer who saw his potential and advised the unk to keep the horse , despite his spookiness and sensitivity . Competitive career In 1985 , Rembrandt and Uphoff began to compete at events for young riders , and in 1986 , the pair began working with Uwe Schulten Baumer , a well known dressage coach . In 1987 , the pair began to compete , and win , at the international level . They rose to the top of the dressage world with unheard of speed , due to Rembrandt 's elegance and expression in the ring . Their rise to fame resulted in a 1988 Olympic nomination . Uphoff switched trainers four months before the Games began , leaving Schulten Baumer to work with Harry Boldt , the German national coach . Rembrandt and Uphoff were Olympic Champions twice , in 1988 in Seoul and 1992 in Barcelona . Both times they took both individual gold and a gold medal with the German team . The Barcelona games resulted in Rembrandt being titled a living work of art by one German sports commentator . During the last two years of his career , Rembrandt began to decline slightly , and he missed the team nomination to the 1996 Summer Olympics . Uphoff used her right as defending champion to compete as an individual , and they were again part of the German team in Atlanta , where the pair eventually placed 14th . This placement was despite being pulled from competition before the last round , due to an injury , at which point he was in 8th place . Rembrandt and Uphoff took both individual and team gold at the first World Equestrian Games in 1990 . In 1993 , he was injured by a kick from another horse during a victory lap at the German Championships , but recovered from the blow to take individual silver at the 1994 World Equestrian Games . The German team , including Uphoff , again took gold . Rembrandt and Uphoff also competed at many other international level events . In 1989 , Rembrandt made his European Dressage Championships debut at Mondorf , Luxembourg , where they took both individual and team gold . It was the first time that the gold medal winning German team ( which had also won the previous 12 team golds ) had been made up of four female riders . In 1991 , at the Championships in Donaueschingen , Germany , the pair took silver in the Grand Prix Special , while again riding to gold as part of the German team . The silver medal was the first defeat in three years for the pair , and was dealt by another Schulten Baumer student , Isabell Werth on Gigolo unk . At the 1995 Championships , held in Mondorf , Luxembourg , Rembrandt again assisted the German team to a gold medal , while taking 5th individually . The pair also won seven times at the Stuttgart German Masters international show , the last in 1995 . This was a record number of wins until 2010 , when Werth won for an eighth time , and Uphoff remains the only rider to have won seven masters titles on a single horse ( Werth rode three different horses to her eight victories ) . Later life and legacy In 1996 , Rembrandt and Uphoff gave a farewell show at his official retirement at the Stuttgart Indoor Show . He spent the rest of his life at Uphoff 's farm . On October 30 , 2001 , he was euthanized after his health deteriorated quickly and he was unable to rise . Rembrandt 's transitions , particularly from passage to extended trot back to passage , have been called unequalled . He was also known for his spookiness , however , to the point that crowds hushed themselves when he was performing . He is known as a legendary dressage horse , and mounted upon Rembrandt , Nicole Uphoff pioneered an era of female dominated dressage competitions . In 2009 , Uphoff donated Rembrandt 's saddle to the equestrian museum at CHIO Aachen in Germany .
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1,881 | Don 't Stand Another Chance is a song by American recording artist Janet Jackson , included on her second studio album , Dream Street ( 1984 ) . It was written by Janet Jackson , her brother Marlon Jackson and John Barnes . Marlon also produced it , and provided backing vocals along with his brothers Michael , Tito , and Jackie . Don 't Stand Another Chance was released as the lead single from Dream Street on August 13 , 1984 by A M Records . Don 't Stand Another Chance received generally positive reviews from critics . Although it did not chart on the Billboard Hot 100 , the song managed to reach number four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles . Don 't Stand Another Chance became Jackson 's second single to enter the top ten of the Hot R B Songs chart , reaching number nine . In order to promote Dream Street and the single , Jackson performed the song on American Bandstand . She later included the song on her 2008 Rock Witchu Tour and her performance at the 2010 Essence Music Festival . Background Janet Jackson was born in Gary , Indiana , the youngest of ten children . Jackson had initially desired to become a horse racing jockey or entertainment lawyer , with plans to support herself through acting . Despite this , she was anticipated to pursue a career in entertainment , and considered the idea after recording herself in the studio . At age seven , Jackson performed at the Las Vegas Strip at the MGM Casino and began acting in the variety show The Jacksons in 1976 . The year after , she was selected to have a starring role as Penny Gordon Woods in the sitcom Good Times . She later starred in A New Kind of Family before joining the cast of Diff 'rent Strokes , portraying Charlene Duprey for two years . Jackson also played the recurring role of Cleo Hewitt during the fourth season of Fame , but expressed indifference towards the series . When Jackson was sixteen , she was arranged a contract with A M Records and released her self titled debut album in 1982 . She stated , On my first album the songs were sort of teenage like . I wanted to make a change for my second album . The first album unk you . The second one sets your image . I couldn 't stay like that . People would still look at me as a little girl and I 'd never grow . Don 't Stand Another Chance was written by Jackson , her brother Marlon Jackson and musician John Barnes . Marlon Jackson also produced the single and provided backing vocals along with his brothers Michael , Tito , and Jackie . Although it was slated for a mid July release , Don 't Stand Another Chance was released on August 13 , 1984 . Reception Don 't Stand Another Chance received generally positive reviews from critics . Ed Hogan from AllMusic did not provide a review of the album version of Don 't Stand Another Chance , but commented that the extended 12 mix rocks , showcasing outstanding synth work by John Barnes . A writer for Broadcast Engineering magazine stated Though Janet Jackson does not have an outstanding voice , she handles herself with real sophistication on Dream Street , in songs like Don 't Stand Another Chance . Phil Hardy wrote in the book The Da Capo Companion to 20th century Popular Music that Don 't Stand Another Chance was not much better than dance club ready songs . Although Don 't Stand Another Chance did not chart on the Billboard Hot 100 , it managed to reach number four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles . The song also became Jackson 's second single to enter the top ten of the Hot R B Hip Hop Songs chart , reaching number nine , and additionally it reached number 23 on the Hot Dance Club Play chart . Live performances In order to promote Dream Street and the single , Jackson performed the song on American Bandstand along with Dream Street . According to Jason Lipshutz from Billboard , the Jackson 's appearance was among the ten classic moments with TV host Dick Clark on the show . Several years later , Jackson included Don 't Stand Another Chance on her 2008 Rock Witchu Tour in the Pre Control Medley section of the show . The song was later added to her performance at the 2010 Essence Music Festival , which she headlined . Track listings Dutch 7 single A. Don 't Stand Another Chance 4 18 B. Rock ' N ' Roll 4 10 US 12 single A1 . Don 't Stand Another Chance ( Specially Remixed Version ) 6 52 B1 . Don 't Stand Another Chance ( Dub Version ) 6 52 Credits and personnel Janet Jackson vocals , songwriter Marlon Jackson songwriter , producer John Barnes songwriter , keyboards , Moog synthesizer , Fairlight programming , drum programming Jonathan Moffat drums Bill Bottrell engineer , mixing John McClain mixing Credits adapted from Dream Street album liner notes . Charts
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1,882 | The French ironclad Trident was the second and last ship of the Colbert class ironclads that were built for the French Navy in the 1870s . The ship was the flagship of the deputy commander of the Mediterranean Squadron for most of her career . She took part in the French occupation of Tunisia , notably shelling and landing troops in Sfax in 1881 . Trident was reclassified as a training ship in 1894 and condemned in 1900 , before she was finally sold for scrap in 1909 . Design and description The Colbert class ships were designed by Constructor Sabattier as improved versions of the ironclad Richelieu . As a central battery ironclad , Trident had her armament concentrated amidships . Like most ironclads of her era she was equipped with a plough shaped ram . Her crew numbered 774 officers and men . The metacentric height of the ship was low , a little above 0 . 6 meters ( 2 ft ) . The ship measured 102 . 1 meters ( 335 ft 0 in ) overall , with a beam of 17 . 7 meters ( 58 ft 1 in ) . Trident had a maximum draft of 8 . 58 meters ( 28 ft 2 in ) and displaced 8 , 814 metric tons ( 8 , 675 long tons ) . Propulsion Trident had a single Wolf three cylinder horizontal return connecting rod compound steam engine that drove one propeller . The engine was powered by eight oval boilers and was designed for a capacity of 4 , 600 indicated horsepower ( 3 , 400 kW ) . On sea trials , the engine produced 4 , 882 metric horsepower ( 3 , 591 kW ) and Trident reached 14 . 18 knots ( 26 . 26 km h 16 . 32 mph ) . She carried a maximum of 620 metric tons ( 610 long tons ) of coal which allowed her to steam for approximately 3 , 300 nautical miles ( 6 , 100 km 3 , 800 mi ) at a speed of 10 knots ( 19 km h 12 mph ) . Trident was ship rigged with three masts and had a sail area around 2 , 100 square meters ( 23 , 000 sq ft ) . Armament Trident had two 274 millimeter ( 10 . 8 in ) guns mounted in barbettes on the upper deck , one gun at the forward corners of the battery , with six additional guns on the battery deck below the barbettes . The side of the upper deck were cut away to improve the ability of the barbette guns to bear fore and aft . One 240 millimeter ( 9 . 4 in ) was mounted in the forecastle as a chase gun . The ship 's secondary armament consisted of six 138 millimeter ( 5 . 4 in ) guns , four forward of the battery and two aft . These latter two guns were replaced in 1878 by another 240 millimeter gun as a stern chaser . The ship also mounted four above water 356 millimeter ( 14 . 0 in ) torpedo tubes . All of the ship 's guns could fire both solid shot and explosive shells . The 274 millimeter Modle 1870 gun was credited with the ability to penetrate a maximum 14 . 3 inches ( 360 mm ) of wrought iron armor while the 240 millmeter Modle 1870 gun could penetrate 14 . 4 inches ( 366 mm ) of wrought iron armor . At some point the ship received fourteen to eighteen 37 millimeter ( 1 . 5 in ) Hotchkiss 5 barrel revolving guns . They fired a shell weighing about 500 g ( 1 . 1 lb ) to a range of about 3 , 200 meters ( 3 , 500 yd ) . They had a rate of fire of about 30 rounds per minute . Armor The Colbert class ships had a complete wrought iron waterline belt that was 220 millimeters ( 8 . 7 in ) thick amidships and tapered to 180 millimeters ( 7 . 1 in ) at the stern . It was backed by 89 millimeters ( 3 . 5 in ) of wood . The sides of the battery itself were armored with 160 millimeters ( 6 . 3 in ) of wrought iron , backed by 62 millimeters ( 2 . 4 in ) of wood , and the ends of the battery were closed by transverse armored bulkheads 120 millimeters ( 4 . 7 in ) thick , backed by 480 millimeters ( 18 . 9 in ) of wood . The barbettes were unarmored , but the deck was 15 millimeters ( 0 . 59 in ) thick . Service Trident , named after the weapon that symbolized mastery of the seas , was laid down in April 1870 in Toulon and launched on 9 November 1876 . While the exact reason for such prolonged construction time is not known , it is believed that reduction of the French Navy 's budget after the Franco Prussian War of 1870 71 and out of date work practices in French dockyards were likely causes . The ship was completed on 1 November 1878 and became the flagship of the second in command of the Mediterranean Squadron the following month . Trident , together with her sister ship Colbert , bombarded the Tunisian port of Sfax on 15 16 July 1881 as the French occupied Tunisia . She was disarmed and placed in reserve in 1886 89 , but was recommissioned on 17 February 1889 and resumed her role as flagship until she was again placed in reserve in 1894 . The ship served as a gunnery training ship until she was condemned on 5 March 1900 . Trident was renamed Var in 1904 and was sold for scrap five years later .
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1,883 | New York State Route 273 ( NY 273 ) was a state highway in northern Washington County , New York , in the United States . It began at an intersection with U.S. Route 4 ( US 4 ) east of the village of Whitehall and ended at the Vermont state line in the town of Hampton , just east of a junction with NY 22A . The route passed through largely rural areas and entered only one community , the small hamlet of East Whitehall . NY 273 followed part of the former routing of the Hampton and Whitehall Turnpike , a privately maintained highway that linked the village of Whitehall to a bridge over the Poultney River near the hamlet of Hampton , where it continued to Poultney , Vermont , in the 19th century . The portion of the turnpike west of East Whitehall became part of US 4 in 1927 however , US 4 was realigned in the mid 1940s to follow a new , more direct highway between Whitehall and the Vermont state line at Fair Haven , Vermont . NY 273 was assigned in 1949 to the path of old turnpike however , the NY 273 designation was eliminated in 1980 as part of a highway maintenance swap between the state of New York and Washington County . The former routing of NY 273 west of NY 22A became County Route 18 ( CR 18 ) . Route description NY 273 began at an intersection with US 4 east of the village of Whitehall in the town of Whitehall . After the intersection , the route passed the Our Lady of Angels Cemetery , where it turned to the southeast . NY 273 ran along the base of Ore Red Hill , outside of Whitehall . Near Ore Red Hill , the highway intersected with a local road , which connected to US 4 . The route progressed to the southeast , entering the hamlet of East Whitehall , where it intersected with another local road . NY 273 passed Bartholomew Hill and entered the town of Hampton , where it passed two mountains , Morris Hill , and the larger Thorn Hill . The highway then passed north of Crystal Lake , and entered the hamlet of Hampton . NY 273 intersected NY 22A in the small community before ending at the Vermont state line on a bridge over the Poultney River . History Origins On April 11 , 1820 , the New York State Legislature created the Hampton and Whitehall Turnpike Road Company , a privately owned tasked with building the Hampton and Whitehall Turnpike . According to the act incorporating the company , the highway would begin at a bridge in the town of Hampton ( at the Poultney River ) and follow the most convenient route to the community of Whitehall Landing on Wood Creek ( the modern village of Whitehall ) in the town of Whitehall . The Hampton and Whitehall Turnpike Road Company was initially financed through 800 shares of stock valued at 20 each . Under the text of the act establishing the entity , only one toll gate was permitted on the turnpike . The toll charged at the gate varied by person the exact amount was based on the vehicle used and the number of livestock and horses that were brought onto the roadway . By 1920 , the turnpike company ceased to exist and the state of New York had plans in place to improve the portion of the turnpike west of the hamlet of East Whitehall . The improved road would be part of a state highway extending from the village of Whitehall to the Vermont state line at Fair Haven , Vermont . The contract for the project was awarded on April 5 , 1921 , and the highway was completed by 1926 . Designations When the Whitehall Fair Haven highway first opened , it did not have a designation . However , the road was part of the proposed routing of US 4 , a route in the new U.S. Highway System . It officially became part of US 4 when the system was officially approved in November of that year . In the early 1940s , construction began on a new highway between Whitehall and Fair Haven that bypassed East Whitehall to the northwest . It was completed by 1946 , at which time it became a realignment of US 4 . On January 1 , 1949 , the old Hampton and Whitehall Turnpike was designated as NY 273 , a new route connecting US 4 east of Whitehall to the Vermont state line in Hampton . In 1980 , NY 273 was removed from the state highway system as part of a highway maintenance swap between the state of New York and Washington County . On April 1 , 1980 , ownership and maintenance of NY 273 was transferred from the state of New York to Washington County however , the NY 273 designation had officially ceased to exist one week earlier on March 24 , 1980 . Following the swap , the former routing of NY 273 was redesignated as CR 18 while the short connector to Vermont became part of CR 18A , then a loop route off NY 22A . CR 18A has since been reconfigured to follow a new highway leading directly from NY 22A to the Poultney River bridge . Major intersections The entire route was in Washington County .
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1,884 | Entoloma murrayi , commonly known as the yellow unicorn Entoloma or the unicorn pinkgill , is a species of fungus in the Entolomataceae family . First described from New England ( USA ) in 1859 , the species is found in eastern North America , Central and South America , and southeast Asia , where it grows on the ground in wet coniferous and deciduous forests . The fungus produces yellow mushrooms that have a characteristic sharp umbo on the top of a conical cap . The mushroom is inedible and may be poisonous . Other similar species can be distinguished from E. murrayi by differences in color , morphology , or microscopic characteristics . Taxonomy The species was originally described by Miles Berkeley and Moses Ashley Curtis in 1859 as Agaricus murrayi , based on collections made in New England . Berkeley and Curtis called it An extremely pretty species . Pier Andrea Saccardo transferred the species to Entoloma in 1899 . Synonyms include combinations resulting from generic transfers to Rhodophyllus by Rolf Singer in 1942 , unk by R. W. G. Dennis in 1970 , and to Inocephalus by Gordon Rutter and Roy Watling in 1997 . Depending on the authority , these latter three genera are considered either subgenera of Entoloma , or independent genera . In a large scale molecular phylogenetic analysis of Agaricales species published in 2002 , E. murrayi grouped in a clade together with E. canescens and two unk traditionally classified in Inocephalus E. quadrata and E. lactifluus . The Dictionary of the Fungi ( 10th edition , 2008 ) lumps Inocephalus and Rhodophyllus into Entoloma . The specific epithet murrayi honors the original collector , Dennis Murray of Massachusetts . Its common names yellow unicorn Entoloma or unicorn pinkgill refer to the characteristic sharp umbo at the top of its cap . Description The cap of E. murrayi is bell shaped to conical , and measures 1 . 3 3 cm ( 0 . 5 1 . 2 in ) in diameter . It features a sharp umbo in the center . The cap color is bright yellow to orange yellow , but tends to fade in maturity . The gills have a narrowly adnate attachment to the stem , and are well spaced . Initially yellow , they acquire a pinkish tone as the spores mature . The slender hollow stem is 4 7 . 5 cm ( 1 . 6 3 . 0 in ) long and roughly equal in width throughout its length . It is pale yellow , with a fibrous surface , and often twisted with longitudinal striations . Its surface is smooth , and there may be a whitish mycelium at the base . The flesh is thin and pale yellow . The taste and odor of the fruit bodies have been described as either pleasant , or indistinct . The mushroom is not edible and may be poisonous . The spore print is salmon pink . Spores are smooth , angular ( four sided ) , hyaline ( translucent ) , and measure 9 12 by 8 10 m . The arrangement of the hyphae in the hymenophore tissue is parallel to interwoven and inamyloid . In the cap cuticle , the hyphae are interwoven radially , or alternatively in somewhat erect bundles . Hyphae of Entoloma murrayi rarely have clamp connections . The cap and gill tissue contain repository hyphae ( storage units containing byproducts of metabolism ) that release a watery , yellow colored liquid when injured . These distinctive hyphae can be seen with light microscopy of both fresh and dried specimens . Similar species Characteristic diagnostic features of Entoloma murrayi include the bright yellow coloring , the conical cap , cube shaped spores , and club shaped cheilocystidia . Entoloma unk is similar in size and morphology , but is colored salmon orange . E. murrayi has the habit and form of some similarly colored mushrooms in the genus Hygrocybe ( such as Hygrocybe marginata var. concolor ) , but it can be readily distinguished from those by its salmon pink spore print , non waxy gills , and the angular shape of its spores . Entoloma luteum is a duller yellow color , with a less distinctly pointed umbo . The South American species E. unk , originally misidentified as E. murrayi , can be distinguished from the latter by its less conical cap and considerably smaller spores that measure 5 . 5 7 m . Habitat and distribution A saprobic species , Entoloma murrayi derives nutrients by breaking down organic matter . Fruit bodies are found in wet coniferous and deciduous forests , where they grow singly or in small groups on the ground in litterfall or humus , or in moss . Fruiting occurs in the summer and autumn . In North America , the species is found eastern Canada ( Atlantic Maritime Ecozone ) , the eastern United States ( from Maine south to Alabama and west to the Great Lakes ) , and Mexico . The distribution includes Central and South America , and Southeast Asia . It has also been recorded from Jamaica and the Dominican Republic .
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1,885 | 253 Mathilde unk is a main belt asteroid about 50 km in diameter that was discovered by Johann Palisa in 1885 . It has a relatively elliptical orbit that requires more than four years to circle the Sun . This asteroid has an unusually slow rate of rotation , requiring 17 . 4 days to complete a 360 revolution about its axis . It is a primitive C type asteroid , which means the surface has a high proportion of carbon giving it a dark surface that reflects only 4 of the light that falls on it . This asteroid was visited by the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft during June 1997 , on its way to asteroid 433 Eros . During the flyby , the spacecraft imaged a hemisphere of the asteroid , revealing many large craters that have gouged out depressions in the surface . It was the first C type asteroid to be explored and , until 21 Lutetia was visited in 2010 , it was the largest asteroid to be visited by a spacecraft . Observation history In 1880 , Johann Palisa , the director of the Austrian Naval Observatory , was offered a position as an assistant at the newly completed Vienna Observatory . Although the job represented a demotion for Johann , it gave him access to the new 27 inch ( 690 mm ) refractor , the largest telescope in the world at that time . By this point Johann had already discovered 27 asteroids , and he would employ the Vienna 27 inch ( 690 mm ) and 12 inch ( 300 mm ) instruments to find an additional 94 asteroids before he retired . Among his discoveries was the asteroid 253 Mathilde , found on November 12 , 1885 . The initial orbital elements of the asteroid were then computed by V. A. unk , another Austrian astronomer working at the observatory . The name of the asteroid was suggested by unk , after Mathilde , the wife of Moritz unk who was the vice director of the Paris Observatory . In 1995 , ground based observations determined that 253 Mathilde is a C type asteroid . It was also found to have an unusually long period of rotation . On June 27 , 1997 , the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft passed within 1 , 212 km of 253 Mathilde while moving at a velocity of 9 . 93 km s . This close approach allowed the spacecraft to capture over 500 images of the surface , and provided data for more accurate determinations of the asteroid 's dimensions and mass ( based on gravitational perturbation of the spacecraft ) . However , only one hemisphere of 253 Mathilde was imaged during the fly by . This was only the third asteroid to be imaged from a nearby distance , following 951 Gaspra and 243 Ida . Description 253 Mathilde is very dark , with an albedo comparable to fresh asphalt , and is thought to share the same composition as unk or unk carbonaceous chondrite meteorites , with a surface dominated by phyllosilicate minerals . The asteroid has a number of extremely large craters , with the individual craters being named for coal fields and basins around the world . The two largest craters , unk ( 29 . 3 km ) and Karoo ( 33 . 4 km ) , are as wide as the asteroid 's average radius . The impacts appear to have spalled large volumes off the asteroid , as suggested by the angular edges of the craters . No differences in brightness or colour were visible in the craters and there was no appearance of layering , so the asteroid 's interior must be very homogeneous . There are indications of material movement along the downslope direction . The density measured by NEAR Shoemaker , 1 , 300 kg m , is less than half that of a typical carbonaceous chondrite this may indicate that the asteroid is very loosely packed rubble pile . The same is true of several C type asteroids studied by ground based telescopes equipped with adaptive optics systems ( 45 Eugenia , 90 Antiope , 87 Sylvia and 121 Hermione ) . Up to 50 of the interior volume of 253 Mathilde consists of open space . However , the existence of a 20 km long scarp may indicate that the asteroid does have some structural strength , so it could contain some large internal components . The low interior density is an inefficient transmitter of impact shock through the asteroid , which also helps to preserve the surface features to a high degree . Mathilde 's orbit is eccentric , taking it to the outer reaches of the main belt . Nonetheless , the orbit lies entirely between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter it does not cross the planetary orbits . It also has one of the slowest rotation periods of the known asteroids most asteroids have a rotation period in the range of 2 24 hours . Because of the slow rotation rate , NEAR Shoemaker was only able to photograph 60 of the asteroid 's surface . The slow rate of rotation may be accounted for by a satellite orbiting the asteroid , but a search of the NEAR images revealed none larger than 10 km in diameter out to 20 times the radius of 253 Mathilde .
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1,886 | George Washington Truett , also known as George W. Truett ( May 6 , 1867 July 7 , 1944 ) , was an American clergyman who was the pastor of the First Baptist Church of Dallas , Texas , from 1897 until 1944 , and the president of the Southern Baptist Convention from 1927 to 1929 . He was one of the most famous Southern Baptist preachers and writers of his era . Early life and education Truett was born on a farm in Hayesville in Clay County in far western North Carolina as the seventh child of Charles L. Truett and the former Mary R. Kimsey . He entered school at Hayesville Academy in 1875 and graduated in 1885 . He taught in a Towns County , Georgia schoolhouse and , in 1887 , founded the unk Academy in that same county , with the intention of making enough money to pay for law school . In 1889 , however , he left his position with the Academy to move with his parents to Whitewright , Texas , where he joined the Whitewright Baptist Church , and attended Grayson College . He was ordained to the Baptist ministry at the Whitewright church in 1890 . He preached his first sermon at the First Baptist Church in nearby Sherman , Texas . Baylor University In 1891 , Truett was hired by the president of Baylor University in Waco , Texas , to serve as its financial secretary . Enterprising and energetic , Truett raised 92 , 000 in less than two years and completely wiped out the school 's indebtedness . After his stint as the school 's financial secretary , Truett enrolled as a freshman at Baylor in 1893 . From 1893 to 1897 he studied at Baylor and served as a student pastor of the East Waco Baptist Church to pay for his tuition . He graduated in June 1897 with an A.B. degree . Truett would later serve as a Baylor trustee from 1934 to 1939 . Pastoral career Truett accepted the position of pastor of the First Baptist Church in Dallas in September 1897 , a position he would hold until his death . During his 47 year pastorate , membership increased from 715 to 7 , 804 a total of 19 , 531 new members were received , and total contributions were 6 , 027 , 741 . 52 . The church was rebuilt three times during his tenure there due to the expanding congregation . Truett was the president of the Southern Baptist Convention from 1927 to 1929 and of the Baptist World Alliance from 1934 to 1939 . During World War I he was appointed by President Woodrow Wilson as one of 20 preachers sent by the president for a six month tour to preach to the Allied forces . One of Truett 's most famous sermons , Baptists and Religious Liberty , was delivered on the steps of the Capitol in Washington , D.C. , on May 16 , 1920 . In this sermon he claimed that the United States was founded on the principles of religious freedom and separation of church and state . Over the course of his pastoral career , he published ten volumes of sermons , two volumes of addresses , and two volumes of Christmas messages . Truett worried that cowboys who worked the cattle drives were too isolated from family , church and society . He made annual trips through the Davis Mountains of West Texas for thirty seven years , traveling with cattle drives there and preaching . Personal life and death Truett married fellow Baylor student Josephine Jenkins on June 28 , 1894 , with whom he had three children , all daughters . He died in Dallas on July 7 , 1944 , and was survived by his wife , who would die twelve years later . Both are interred at Sparkman Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery in Dallas . Legacy In 1957 Truett was portrayed by Victor Jory in the episode Lone Star Preacher of the syndicated television series , Crossroads . The actress Barbara Eiler was cast as Truett 's wife , Jo , who died eleven months before the episode aired . An authorized biography of Truett written by James Powhatan was published in 1939 by Macmillan . Namesakes The seminary at Baylor University , George W. Truett Theological Seminary Truett McConnell College ( named for both Truett and Truett 's cousin , Fernando C. McConnell ) George W. Truett Elementary School , part of the Dallas Independent School District . S. Truett Cathy , founder of Chick fil A restaurant chain Truett Memorial First Baptist Church , Hayesville , North Carolina Truett Hospital , located at Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas Published works George W. Truett ( 1915 ) . We Would see Jesus and other Sermons . New York Fleming H. Revell . George W. Truett ( 1917 ) . A Quest for Souls . Harper Brothers . George W. Truett ( 1946 ) . Some Vital Questions . Grand Rapids Eerdmans . George W. Truett ( 1954 ) . After His likeness . Grand Rapids Eerdmans . George W. Truett ( 1973 ) . Sermons from Paul ( George W. Truett Library ) . Grand Rapids Baker Book House . ISBN 0 unk unk 1 .
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1,887 | The 112th Boat Race took place on 26 March 1966 . Held annually , the event is a side by side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames . The race was won by Oxford by three and three quarter lengths . Isis won the reserve race while Cambridge won the Women 's Boat Race . Background The Boat Race is a side by side rowing competition between the University of Oxford ( sometimes referred to as the Dark Blues ) and the University of Cambridge ( sometimes referred to as the Light Blues ) . The race was first held in 1829 , and since 1845 has taken place on the 4 . 2 mile ( 6 . 8 km ) Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London . The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities , followed throughout the United Kingdom and broadcast worldwide . Oxford went into the race as reigning champions , having won the previous year 's race by three and three quarter lengths . Cambridge , however , held the overall lead with 61 victories to Oxford 's 49 ( excluding the dead heat of 1877 ) . The first Women 's Boat Race took place in 1927 , but did not become an annual fixture until the 1960s . Up until 2014 , the contest was conducted as part of the Henley Boat Races , but as of the 2015 race , it is held on the River Thames , on the same day as the men 's main and reserve races . The reserve race , contested between Oxford 's Isis boat and Cambridge 's Goldie boat has been held since 1965 . It usually takes place on the Tideway , prior to the main Boat Race . Two days before the main race and in inclement weather , the Cambridge boat began to sink and was pushed into barges and tugs moored below Beverley Brook . The crew were rescued and according to their boat club president Mike Sweeney , the incident would have no impact on the Light Blues we shall just get into our other boat and race in that . It was the first Boat Race vessel to sink since the 1951 race . The Light Blues would row in the same boat in which they won the 1962 and 1964 races , while Oxford 's craft was manufactured by Swiss firm unk Racing Boats . Both boats were German rigged , where the number four and five row on the bow side . The inclement weather continued until the day of the race , with further disruption predicted and the threat of postponement a real one . The race was umpired by the former Cambridge University Boat Club president and rower Alan Burrough who took part in Cambridge 's victory in the 1939 race . The Cambridge crew were coached by D. C. Christie ( who rowed for Cambridge in the 1958 and 1959 races ) , J. G. P. Crowden ( who won Blues in the 1951 and the 1952 races ) , D. M. Jennens ( who rowed three times between 1949 and 1951 ) and I. W. Welsh ( who participated in the 1956 race ) . Oxford 's coach was Ronnie Howard who had rowed for the Dark Blues in the 1957 and 1959 races . Crews The Cambridge crew weighed an average of 13 st 7 lb ( 85 . 5 kg ) , 1 . 6 pounds ( 0 . 7 kg ) per rower more than their opponents . Oxonians Chris and Richard Freeman became the first brothers to row in the Boat Race since 1935 race . The Oxford crew contained a single former Blue , the boat club president and number two Duncan Clegg , while Cambridge saw Rodney Ward and stroke Mike unk return . Oxford 's P. G. Tuke was following in the footsteps of his great grandfather F. E. Tuke who had rowed in the 1845 race . There were three non British participants in the race , the Oxford cox Jim Rogers , and Cambridge rowers J. H. Ashby and P. H. Conze were all American . Race Oxford won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station . Despite the prediction of poor weather and the threat of postponement , the race commenced at the planned time of unk Oxford made the better start and were half a length up on Cambridge , but with the advantage of the Middlesex bend , the Light Blues were one second behind at the Mile Post . Oxford reacted to a Cambridge push at Harrods Furniture Depository to maintain the lead which they extended to two seconds by Hammersmith Bridge . The Dark Blues continued to contain Cambridge 's attempts to reduce the deficit and by Chiswick Steps had clear water with a three second advantage . Pushing away once again , and with a two length lead , Oxford 's cox Jim Rogers steered them across the Cambridge boat to the Middlesex side , and were ten seconds ahead at Barnes Bridge . Oxford won by three and three quarter lengths in a time of 19 minutes 12 seconds . In the reserve race , and after a false start , Oxford 's Isis beat Cambridge 's Goldie by seventh lengths , their second consecutive victory , in a time of 19 minutes 22 seconds . In the 21st running of the Women 's Boat Race , Cambridge triumphed , their fourth consecutive victory .
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1,888 | New York State Route 309 ( NY 309 ) is a state highway located entirely in Fulton County , New York , in the United States . The southern terminus of the route is at an intersection with NY 29A in Gloversville . The northern terminus of the route is at a junction with Lily Lake Road in the hamlet of Bleecker , where the highway continues north and west as County Route 112 ( CR 112 ) to London Bridge Road ( CR 111 , near NY 10 and NY 29A ) at West Caroga Lake in the town of Caroga . Part of NY 309 and all of CR 112 is located within Adirondack Park . NY 309 was assigned to its current alignment as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York . Route description NY 309 NY 309 begins at an intersection with NY 29A in downtown Gloversville . The route heads northward as Bleecker Street , passing large commercial buildings as it heads north through the city . At Spring Street two blocks north of NY 29A the surroundings become more residential as the commercial structures are replaced by homes . The route continues on , crossing Cayadutta Creek between 8th Avenue and McLaren Street before leaving Bleecker Street at 11th Avenue to follow an unnamed western extension of 11th Avenue . At this point , the amount of development along NY 309 drops substantially as it parallels Cayadutta Creek and heads northwestward out of the city limits . At this point , maintenance of the route shifts from the city of Gloversville to the New York State Department of Transportation ( NYSDOT ) . Now in the town of Johnstown , the route winds its way northwestward as it follows Cayadutta Creek through an area of hilly terrain south of Adirondack Park . Development along the route largely ends at the intersection with West State Street however , a pair of isolated homes are situated on NY 309 about 0 . 25 miles ( 0 . 40 km ) to the northeast ahead of an intersection with CR 122 , an east west highway that serves the Fulton County Infirmary a short distance to the west . The route continues to wind its way through the mountains to the hamlet of West Bush , where Cayadutta Creek ends amidst a small cluster of houses . The route turns north at this point , passing a handful of homes before leaving the community upon passing through a narrow pass between two hills . North of West Bush , the route rapidly ascends in elevation as it climbs up the side of a large mountain . Along this stretch , the route veers to the northwest and southeast as it heads through an area of wilderness . NY 309 crosses the Blue Line into Adirondack Park near the mountain 's summit . Upon reaching the top of the mountain , the highway straightens out and heads northward for roughly 0 . 5 miles ( 0 . 8 km ) across the hill 's plateau . Upon reaching the other side , the road gradually descends in elevation as it passes by Mountain Lake and enters the town of Bleecker . The highway continues its northeastward descent into the small lakeside hamlet of Bleecker , where NY 309 ends at an intersection with Lily Lake Road . At this point , the roadway becomes CR 112 . CR 112 CR 112 heads northwest from Bleecker , passing Peck Lake to the northeast and Lily Lake to the southwest as it winds its way around several small hills . After 2 miles ( 3 . 2 km ) , the route curves to the north and serves Bleecker Center , an isolated hamlet centered at the junction of CR 112 and CR 145 . The former continues northwest across relatively low lying areas to Peters Corners , an equally isolated hamlet located at the intersection of CR 112 and CR 125 . CR 112 turns southwest here and begins to climb up the side of a small mountain overlooking Peters Corners . As the route heads west , it runs along the base of Hogback , a large mountain with two peaks that reach over 2 , 400 feet ( 730 m ) in elevation . Past Hogback , CR 112 enters the town of Caroga , where the route heads west across nearly flat terrain to the hamlet of Caroga Lake . CR 112 bypasses most of the hamlet to the north as a result , it passes through only lightly developed areas as the route nears its end . CR 112 intersects NY 10 and NY 29A just 70 feet ( 21 m ) from where it officially ends at an intersection with CR 111 , which itself begins at NY 10 and NY 29A just 80 yards ( 73 m ) to the south . History Part of CR 112 was originally part of an old Indian trail that went from Johnstown to Hamilton County via Bleecker . At some point , part of the trail in the vicinity of Bleecker was converted into a plank road that served several locations and churches north of Bleecker . Meanwhile , NY 309 was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York to a connector highway between the city of Gloversville and the hamlet of Bleecker . Major intersections The entire route is in Fulton County .
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1,889 | Hurricane Baker was a major hurricane that affected the Leeward Islands , Greater Antilles , and the Gulf Coast of the United States . The tropical cyclone was the second intense hurricane , second hurricane , and second tropical storm of the 1950 Atlantic hurricane season . Hurricane Baker attained peak winds of 120 mph ( 195 km h ) near the Leeward Islands , traversed Antigua , and weakened to a tropical depression southwest of Puerto Rico . It re intensified south of Cuba , strengthened to a strong Category 2 hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico , and hit the United States near Gulf Shores , Alabama , with winds of 85 mph ( 140 km h ) . Hurricane Baker produced extensive damage in the Lesser Antilles and Cuba , but impacts were minimal in the United States . Meteorological history On the morning of August 20 , a strong tropical storm developed about 446 miles ( 718 km ) east of Basse Terre , Guadeloupe . The tropical storm deepened to hurricane intensity . On August 21 , it rapidly attained maximum sustained winds of 120 mph ( 195 km h ) , equivalent to a Category 3 hurricane . The hurricane passed over Antigua during the evening , while still producing winds of 115 mph ( 185 km h ) . On August 22 , it lost intensity and weakened to a tropical storm . On August 23 , Baker made landfall near the Puerto Rican town of Gunica as a minimal tropical storm . The highest winds on the island of Puerto Rico were 35 40 mph ( 55 65 km h ) . The storm then degenerated into an easterly tropical wave , and moved west northwestward over northeastern Hispaniola . On August 24 , it re entered the Atlantic Ocean , and Tropical Depression Baker crossed the coast of eastern Cuba early on the next day . On August 25 , Baker redeveloped a center over the Caribbean Sea off southern Cuba , and re intensified to tropical storm status . On August 27 , Baker affected the Pinar del Ro Province with 60 mph ( 75 km h ) winds , and then turned northward over the southern Gulf of Mexico . On August 28 , Baker re strengthened to hurricane intensity reconnaissance and ship reports suggest the hurricane attained a second peak intensity of 110 mph ( 175 km h ) on August 30 . The minimum central pressure was 979 mbar ( 28 . 92 inHg ) on this date . The cyclone diminished in intensity prior to landfall . On August 31 , the hurricane struck Gulf Shores , Alabama as a Category 1 hurricane with sustained winds estimated near 85 mph ( 140 km h ) . The estimated central pressure at landfall was 980 mbar ( 28 . 95 inHg ) . Baker moved inland over Alabama and dissipated over southeastern Missouri on September 1 . Impact On Antigua , the Pan American Airways station 's power failed when winds reached 85 mph ( 140 km h ) around midnight on August 22 . Unofficial estimates placed winds between 95 120 mph ( 150 195 km h ) at the location , although damages and casualties were unknown . Subsequent reports indicated light damage occurred on the island later , information from the island indicated extensive damage . More than 100 homes were destroyed or damaged in the Willkie and Piggott areas , and large homes were destroyed in unk . Additionally , a manse was also demolished in unk . Electronic communications were dismantled , and thousands of homeless people sheltered in churches and schools . No deaths occurred on the island , but damages were expected to reach several thousand dollars . In Cuba , 37 people died , and the property losses reached several million dollars . In the United States , the greatest property and crop damage occurred from Mobile , Alabama to Saint Marks , Florida , where losses approached 2 , 550 , 000 ( 1950 USD ) high tides and winds inflicted minimal damage in both cities . Panama City , Florida incurred heavy damage to homes and businesses from high tides and rainfall , which peaked at 14 . 96 inches ( 380 mm ) . The highest rainfall total was 15 . 49 inches ( 393 mm ) at unk , Florida . Peak gusts exceeded 100 mph ( 155 km h ) on Santa Rosa Island , Florida . 200 to 300 cottages received damage in Panama City , and homes were flooded near the bay . Losses reached 200 , 000 ( 1950 USD ) in Gulf Shores , Alabama . Hurricane Baker spawned two tornadoes . On August 30 , a F1 tornado touched down in Apalachicola , Florida , destroying four dwellings and a store building and damaging another eleven buildings . On August 31 , a F0 tornado demolished one building near Marianna , Florida , in Jackson County . Inland , Birmingham International Airport recorded 50 mph ( 85 km h ) wind gusts higher gusts were estimated near 75 mph ( 120 km h ) in elevated , mountainous locations . Hundreds of trees were prostrated as far north as the Birmingham , Alabama area , and one person was killed and two more injured by live wires falling from utility poles .
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1,890 | Macabeemyrma is an extinct genus of bulldog ants in the subfamily Myrmeciinae containing the single species Macabeemyrma ovata , described in 2006 from Ypresian stage ( Early Eocene ) deposits of British Columbia , Canada . Only a single specimen is known a holotype queen found preserved as a compression fossil . The specimen had no wings and small portions of its legs and eyes were faintly preserved . It was a large ant , reaching 25 millimetres ( 0 . 98 in ) in length . This ants ' behaviour would have been similar to that of extant Myrmeciinae ants , such as foraging singly in search for arthropod prey and nesting in soil or in trees . Macabeemyrma shows similarities to extinct ants in the genus Ypresiomyrma , and to the living Nothomyrmecia macrops , but has not been conclusively assigned to any tribe , instead generally regarded as incertae sedis within Myrmeciinae . However , the sole specimen lacks definitive traits , and its classification in Myrmeciinae , and even its identity as an ant , has been challenged . History and classification Macabeemyrma ovata is known only from a single fossil specimen a mostly complete adult queen , preserved as a compression fossil in fine grained shale . The shale is from fossiliferous outcrops at the McAbee Fossil Beds , part of an unnamed formation in the Kamloops group which outcrops east of Cache Creek in British Columbia , Canada . The holotype specimen was collected by an unknown person and donated to Thompson Rivers University in 2002 . The specimen was described by Bruce Archibald , Stefan Cover and Corrie Moreau of Harvard University 's Museum of Comparative Zoology , with their 2006 type description of the genus and species . The generic name Macabeemyrma is a toponym of the type locality at McAbee combined with the Greek myrmex , meaning ant . The specific epithet ovata , from the Latin ovatus meaning egg shaped , refers to the shape of the head capsule . Archibald and colleagues originally classified Macabeemyrma as incertae sedis ( Latin for of uncertain placement ) within the ant subfamily Myrmeciinae , as it could not be confidently placed into any ant tribe . However , in a 2008 paper , Cesare Baroni Urbani of the University of Basel , Switzerland , noted that the specimen shares some traits found in other ant subfamilies and some wasps , and lacks key diagnostic traits ( synapomorphies ) of the ant family , Formicidae , and thus argued Macabeemyrma could only be confidently classified as incertae sedis within the order Hymenoptera . A subsequent report describing new fossil myrmecines accepted the classification of Archibald and colleagues without comment on the views of Baroni Urbani . The following cladograms generated by Archibald and colleagues show two possible phylogenetic positions of Macabeemyrma among some ants of the subfamily Myrmeciinae the cladogram on the right included three additional extinct genera compared to that on the left . They suggest that Macabeemyrma ovata and other extinct ants such as Avitomyrmex and Ypresiomyrma may be closely related to the living Nothomyrmecia macrops . Description The overall body of the ant is poorly preserved and much of it is indistinct . Macabeemyrma ovata is about 25 millimetres ( 0 . 98 in ) long with a distinct elongated oval head capsule that is about unk longer than wide . The holotype is missing the wings and some portions of the legs while the eyes are very faintly preserved . It could not be confirmed whether its eyes were compound or not , but if it was to be confirmed they would share similar eye characteristics to Myrmecia . The exact shape of the mandibles cannot be properly determined , but they are elongated and not subtriangular which is normal for other members of Myrmeciinae except the genus Myrmecia . Its elongated head and mandibles distinguish this species from those in the genus Ypresiomyrma , which are otherwise thought to have a close phylogenetic relationship due to similarities . The waist consists of a single segment , and whether or not the ant has a sting cannot be fully determined due to the condition of the specimen collected . Ecology Archibald and colleagues suggested the life habits of Macabeemyrma ovata may have been similar to extant Myrmeciinae ants . The ant is large with long legs and elongated mandibles . It presumably had large eyes that were used to hunt for prey and navigation , and the ant was possibly equipped with a sting . Colonies most likely nested in the soil like most other Myrmeciinae , but like some Myrmecia species it is possible they were an arboreal nesting species . Workers were solitary foragers , foraging on the ground or onto vegetation while preying on arthropods . Workers most likely did not recruit other ants to food sources or lay down pheromone trails .
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1,891 | New City , New Drama is the pilot episode of The Hills , the first spin off of Laguna Beach The Real Orange County . It originally aired on MTV on May 31 , 2006 . In the episode , Lauren Conrad and Heidi Montag move into an apartment in Los Angeles . Conrad befriends fellow Teen Vogue intern Whitney Port , while Montag bonds with their neighbor Audrina Patridge . Conrad is later scolded after Montag and her companions arrive uninvited to a corporate event . New City , New Drama was produced by Tony DiSanto , Adam DiVello , Liz Gateley , Colin Nash , and Andrew Perry . The episode received generally favorable reviews from critics , who appreciated its plotline and production . According to Nielsen ratings , it was watched by 2 . 9 million viewers . The episode was released on DVD on February 13 , 2007 , packaged with the remainder of the first season . Plot Lauren and her housemate Heidi move into their shared apartment in Los Angeles . Shortly after arriving , Lauren 's interview for an internship with Teen Vogue is unexpectedly changed to an earlier time . While Lauren meets with the magazine 's West Coast editor Lisa Love , Heidi befriends their neighbor Audrina . That evening , the women , Heidi 's boyfriend Jordan Eubanks , and his roommate Brian Drolet eat dinner at the sushi restaurant Geisha House . The following morning , Lauren and Heidi meet with the administrators at the Fashion Institute of Design Merchandising . While Lauren impresses her superiors , they question if Heidi is prepared for college . Upon returning home , Blaine Zuckerman calls Lauren on behalf of Teen Vogue and offers her an internship with the magazine . On her first day , she befriends another intern Whitney , and the two begin preparing for the launch party of Teen Vogue 's Hollywood edition . As Lauren and Whitney learn that they will be working during the party , Heidi wants to attend the event , which Lauren is unwilling to risk her internship for . Nonetheless , as Heidi , Audrina , Jordan , and Brian arrive unexpectedly that evening , Lauren and Whitney allow the group in . Blaine and Lisa scold Lauren for an argument between Heidi and Jordan , in addition to allowing the group to sit in a reserved seating area . Lisa tells her that they will discuss this on Monday . Production After the first two seasons of Laguna Beach The Real Orange County enjoyed continued ratings success , MTV approved production of the spin off series The Hills in 2005 . Like its predecessor , the reality television program was filmed in a narrative format more commonly seen in soap operas . Conrad , who served as the parent series ' first season narrator , became the focal point of the show as she moved to Los Angeles to pursue a career in the fashion industry . The pilot episode introduced three additional primary cast members . Montag , who was previously featured on Laguna Beach in a limited capacity , became Conrad 's housemate by the time production had begun on the first season of The Hills . On the series , it was depicted as if Montag had befriended Patridge by her own doing , though Patridge claimed that a producer offered her a position on the series to become friends with Conrad and Montag . Port was introduced to the series as Conrad 's co intern at Teen Vogue . New City , New Drama was produced by Tony DiSanto , Adam DiVello , Liz Gateley , Colin Nash , and Andrew Perry . The latter four individuals had previously served as producers for Laguna Beach . DiVello and Gateley served as the series ' executive producers until its conclusion in July 2010 . Reception and release New City , New Drama was met with generally favorable reviews from critics , who appreciated its plotline and production . Kelly West from Television Blend noted that The Hills commented that MTV keeps things simple , noting the similarities it shares with Laguna Beach , but given the network 's success with reality programming since the 1990s , opined that the series was sure to be as much of a hit as its predecessor . Writing for The New York Times , Virginia Heffernan enjoyed watching charmed work experiences and the hammy deadbeat Montag , further stating that she saw the program as being more fictional than reality . Kara unk of the Pittsburgh Post Gazette said that she missed Kristin Cavallari from Laguna Beach , but enjoyed Montag as the new troublemaker in Conrad 's life . In its original broadcast in the United States on May 31 , 2006 , New City , New Drama was watched by 2 . 9 million viewers . The remainder of the season maintained a steady viewership of about two million viewers for each weekly episode , and was subsequently picked up for a second season . In the country , the first season was released as a two disc DVD set on February 13 , 2007 .
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1,892 | Libert was a pre dreadnought battleship of the French Navy , and the lead ship of her class . She was laid down in November 1902 , launched in April 1905 , and completed in March 1908 , over a year after the revolutionary British battleship HMS Dreadnought made ships like Libert obsolete . After her commissioning , Libert was assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet . She served for only three and a half years while moored in Toulon in September 1911 , an explosion of badly degraded propellant charges detonated the forward ammunition magazines . Some 250 officers and men were killed , and the ship was totally destroyed . The wreck remained in the harbor until 1925 , when it was raised and broken up for scrap . Design Libert was laid down at the Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire shipyard in November 1902 , launched on 19 April 1905 , and completed in March 1908 . This was over a year after the revolutionary British battleship HMS Dreadnought , which rendered the pre dreadnoughts like Libert outdated before they were completed . The ship was 133 . 81 meters ( 439 ft 0 in ) long between perpendiculars and had a beam of 24 . 26 m ( 79 ft 7 in ) and a full load draft of 8 . 41 m ( 27 ft 7 in ) . She displaced up to 14 , 860 metric tons ( 14 , 630 long tons 16 , 380 short tons ) at full load . She had a crew of between 739 and 769 officers and enlisted men . The battleship was powered by three vertical triple expansion steam engines with twenty two Belleville boilers . They were rated at 18 , 500 indicated horsepower ( 13 , 800 kW ) and provided a top speed of 19 knots ( 35 km h 22 mph ) . Coal storage amounted to 1 , 800 t ( 1 , 800 long tons 2 , 000 short tons ) . Libert 's main battery consisted of four Canon de 305 mm Modle 1893 96 guns mounted in two twin gun turrets , one forward and one aft . The secondary battery consisted of ten Canon de 194 mm Modle 1902 guns six were mounted in single turrets , and four in casemates in the hull . She also carried thirteen 9 pounder guns and ten 3 pounders . The ship was also armed with two 450 mm ( 17 . 7 in ) torpedo tubes submerged in the hull . The ship 's main belt was 280 mm ( 11 . 0 in ) thick and the main battery was protected by up to 350 mm ( 13 . 8 in ) of armor . The conning tower had 305 mm ( 12 . 0 in ) thick sides . Service history After commissioning , Libert was assigned to the Active Squadron of the French Mediterranean Fleet . In September 1909 , Libert , Justice , and Vrit visited the United States for the Hudson Fulton Celebration . The three battleships , commanded by Admiral Jules le Pord , were the first foreign contingent to arrive . On 25 September 1911 , as Libert was moored in Toulon harbor , an accidental explosion in one of her forward ammunition magazines for the secondary guns destroyed the ship . After the initial explosion of propellant charges , the ship 's commander , Captain Louis Jaurs , tried to organize damage control teams at the stern . He sent a party forward to flood the magazines to prevent an explosion in the main magazines , but the flooding valves were located under the magazines , and the path was blocked by fires and smoke . After two failed attempts to reach the valves , the men returned to the captain , who ordered them to try again they were killed when the main magazines exploded shortly thereafter . The explosion hurled a 37 metric ton ( 36 long ton 41 short ton ) chunk of armor plate from the ship into the battleship Rpublique moored some 210 m ( 690 ft ) away , which caused significant damage . The French Navy had earlier suffered a series of fatal accidents in Toulon , beginning with an explosion aboard a torpedo boat in February 1907 , in which nine men were killed . The following month , the battleship Ina blew up , killing 107 men . An explosion aboard a gunnery training ship killed six in August 1908 , and an explosion on a cruiser killed 13 . Six more men were killed aboard the cruiser Gloire a year later , on 10 September 1911 . The explosion aboard Libert killed some 250 officers and men . The culprit was unstable Poudre B , a nitrocellulose based propellant that was also responsible for the destruction of Ina , and possibly the other explosions as well . The wreck remained in Toulon until 1925 , when she was raised and broken up for scrap . After the accidental explosion , the high number of victims justified state funerals with president Armand Fallires , which occurred on the following 3 October . The tragedy also raised an emotional wave of solidarity throughout France , with even small villages sending their financial support to help the families of the victims . Captain Jaurs was exonerated of responsibility for the disaster by a subsequent naval board of enquiry . He did not however hold a further sea going command .
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1,893 | Ganga Bruta ( literally translated as Brutal Gang also known as Rough Diamond ) is a 1933 Brazilian drama film directed by Humberto Mauro . Starring Durval Bellini and unk Selva , it follows a man who , after killing his wife on their wedding night , moves to a city where he becomes part of a love triangle . It was produced between 1931 and 1932 for Adhemar Gonzaga at his studio Cindia . On its initial release , the film was highly criticized and its poor viewing figures resulted in financial losses for the distribution company , but later critics and film directors expressed praise for it . Plot Marcos , a rich engineer , discovers on his wedding night that his bride was not a virgin and murders her in the bridal chamber . Despite the sensation caused in the media by the resultant case , Marcos is acquitted and moves to unk in an attempt to put the affair behind him . He finds a job managing the construction of a factory and becomes a co worker of Dcio , who lives with his paralyzed mother and Snia , his adoptive sister . Snia , who is engaged to Dcio , is attracted to Marcos and although he is initially unaware of her feelings , he eventually acknowledges that he has fallen in love with her . After discovering that Marcos has seduced Snia , Dcio swears to kill him , but a fight culminates in Dcio 's death instead . At the end of the film , Marcos and Snia get married . Cast Durval Bellini as Marcos unk Selva as Snia Lu unk as Marcos ' wife Dcio Murillo as Dcio unk Duarte as Dcio 's mother Alfredo Nunes as butler Ivan Villar as servant Production The film was initially called unk das unk ( lit . Dance of Flames ) . Raul Schnoor , Tamar unk , and Ruth Gentil were planned to take starring roles , with shooting taking place in Amazonas and Par . The film was eventually shot with a different cast in Ilha das Cobras and Quinta da Boa Vista , in the city of Rio de Janeiro , and in unk , So Gonalo , Rio de Janeiro between September 2 , 1931 and October 21 , 1932 , using a hand held camera . Ganga Bruta was the sixth feature film directed by Humberto Mauro and his second for film studio Cindia , a company owned by Adhemar Gonzaga . Gonzaga , who was the film producer , conceived it as a silent film with a score recorded on disk and synchronized to the film during its exhibition . When it was almost finished , however , Gonzaga agreed to adding voices recorded on Vitaphone , a change prompted by the advent of sound films and their rise in popularity in the Brazilian market during the production of the film . Reception and analysis The film was first released on May 29 , 1933 in the Alhambra cinema in Rio de Janeiro . It was not well received on its release Ganga Bruta was labeled the worst film of all time by critics and resulted in huge financial losses for Cindia . Time Out Rio de Janeiro stated that It was roundly rejected by traditional critics and short sighted viewers . Opinions were revised after its restoration in 1952 for a screening at the 1st Brazilian Cinema Retrospective , when it deeply impressed the directors who would be part of Cinema Novo movement in the 1960s and 1970s . For example , Glauber Rocha was especially impressed and later cited it as one of the 20 best films of all time in his book unk unk do Cinema Brasileiro . Another film director , Walter Lima , Jr . , declared , there are two films that are such clear archetypes of Brazil 's eternal quest , namely unk and Ganga Bruta . They represent something that you have to polish and something that determines its own space , suggesting at the same time that something more exists beyond its confines . Randal Johnson and Robert Stam , writers of Brazilian Cinema , called the film Mauro 's masterpiece , saying that it creatively melds the cinematic styles of expressionism and Soviet montage . Encyclopedia of Contemporary Latin American and Caribbean Cultures 's Daniel Balderston , Mike Gonzalez and Ana M. Lopez wrote that the film is magisterial , combining lyricism , naturalism and expressionism . Writing in South American Cinema A Critical Filmography , Peter Rist praised its music , saying Mauro 's audio visual mlange has a full lyrical effect . Georges Sadoul , author of Dictionary of Films , noted that despite its silly and conventional plot , this is Humberto Mauro 's best film and a landmark in the history of Brazilian cinema . Sadoul suggested the industrial elements were used as erotic symbols , and compared a scene to Luis Buuel 's film l . French critic Jacques unk asserted the main theme of Ganga Bruta is violence , alongside which is an atmosphere of both carnal and cosmic eroticism . Writing for the book Le cinma unk , Carlos Roberto de Souza commented that there are Freudian and surreal echoes in the film .
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1,894 | Miracle of the Moment is a song recorded by contemporary Christian singer and songwriter Steven Curtis Chapman . Written and produced by Chapman and Matt unk , it was released as the lead single from Chapman 's 2007 studio album This Moment . Lyrically , the song challenges the listener to let go of their past regrets and live in the moment . Miracle of the Moment received positive reviews from critics , several of whom praised the song 's lyrical message , and it has been performed by Chapman on his concert tours . The song has been included on several compilation albums an acoustic version has also been released . It peaked at No. 3 on the Billboard Hot Christian AC chart and at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot Christian Songs chart , as well as at No. 3 on the Radio Records Christian AC chart and at No. 4 on the Radio Records INSPO chart . Background and composition According to Steven Curtis Chapman , the idea for Miracle of the Moment came out of a song he had written called Find Me , which did not end up being included on This Moment . He reflected that he thought God was just saying ' I really just want you to be present in this moment the good ones , the bad ones all that ' . Miracle of the Moment was written and produced by Chapman and Matt Bronlewee . It was mixed by F. Reid Shippen and mastered by Ted Jensen . Miracle of the Moment is a contemporary Christian song with a length of three minutes and twenty eight seconds . It is set in common time in the key of A major and has a tempo of 84 beats per minute , with a vocal range spanning from the low note of F 4 to the high note of E5 . Chapman 's vocal delivery on the song is matured and slightly sandy , while the lyrics challenge the listener to let go of past regrets and to live in the moment . Reception Critical reception Miracle of the Moment met with a positive critical reception upon the release of This Moment . John DiBiase of Jesus Freak Hideout praised the song as possibly the album 's strongest offering and said that its message is one most everyone can gravitate towards . Russ Breimeier of Christianity Today commented that Miracle of the Moment sets up the message of This Moment , which he defined as enjoying the God given time we 're blessed with . Deborah Evans Price of CCM Magazine regarded the song as a meaningful anthem and stated that it would take its place alongside Steven Curtis Chapman classics such as ' For the Sake of the Call ' and ' The Great Adventure ' . Chart performance Miracle of the Moment was released as the lead single from Chapman 's 2007 studio album This Moment and began going for adds on Christian AC radio on July 20 , 2007 . On the Billboard Hot Christian Songs chart , it debuted at No. 26 for the chart week of August 18 , 2007 it was the second highest debuting song of that chart week on the Hot Christian Songs chart , with only Relient K 's Give Until There 's Nothing Left debuting higher on that particular week . Miracle of the Moment advanced to No. 20 in its second chart week , and to No. 16 in its third chart week . It its eighth chart week , the song advanced to No. 10 on the Hot Christian Songs chart , and it moved to No. 6 in its tenth chart week . The song advanced to No. 5 in its twelfth chart week , and advanced to its peak position of No. 4 in its fourteenth chart week . In total , Miracle of the Moment spent twenty weeks on the Hot Christian Songs chart . The song spent twenty one weeks on the Billboard Hot Christian AC chart , peaking at No. 3 for the chart week of November 2 , 2007 . Miracle of the Moment also peaked at No. 3 on the Radio Records Christian AC chart and at No. 4 on the Radio Records INSPO chart . Live performances Steven Curtis Chapman has performed Miracle of the Moment on his concert tours , including the Live in the Moment Tour , The United Tour , and the Stories and Songs Tour . At a concert of November 13 , 2007 at Calvary Church in Lancaster , Pennsylvania , Chapman performed the song as part of his setlist . At a concert with fellow contemporary Christian singer Michael W. Smith on April 4 , 2009 in Wilkes Barre , Pennsylvania , Chapman performed the song as the third song of his opening setlist . On October 6 , 2011 at Calvary Church in Lancaster , Pennsylvania , Chapman performed the song as part of an exclusive acoustic session . Other uses Miracle of the Moment has been included on the compilation album WOW Hits 1 and Discover Steven Curtis Chapman . Acoustic versions of the song were included on the Special Edition of This Moment and the compilation album Acoustic Playlist Medium A New Blend of Your Favorite Songs . A live version of the song was included on the live EP Live in This Moment Tour EP . Charts
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1,895 | Corbin Sharun ( born September 6 , 1988 ) is a professional Canadian football defensive back and special teams specialist who is currently a free agent . He was drafted by the Edmonton Eskimos in 2010 , where he played for five seasons . He played college football for the St. Francis Xavier University X Men and junior football for the Edmonton Wildcats . Early career Sharun was born in Edmonton , Alberta . He played high school football at Strathcona Composite High School as a quarterback , winning three consecutive city championships with the Strathcona Lords . He continued as a quarterback for the X Men at St. Francis Xavier University from 2006 to 2007 . In his freshman year , Sharun started three games before serving as a backup for the majority of his remaining time there . After discovering his father had colon cancer in early 2008 , Sharun joined the Edmonton Wildcats of the Canadian Junior Football League and switched to the safety position . The Edmonton Sun reported that he took on a defensive role to increase his likelihood of playing professionally . While with the championship winning Wildcats in 2009 , Sharun was named an All Canadian . He accumulated 25 tackles , five interceptions ( including one returned for a touchdown ) , and a fumble recovery in his final year with the Wildcats . Professional career Edmonton Eskimos Sharun was selected by the Edmonton Eskimos in the sixth round of the 2010 CFL Draft before that year 's season with the 43rd overall pick . The Eskimos signed Sharun to a three year contract with an option for a fourth year on May 4 , 2010 . Sharun participated in training camp with the Eskimos in 2010 and practiced with the first team as a safety , but was moved to the practice squad when the team was reduced to 46 players . The Eskimos went on to transfer Sharun between the active and practice rosters several times throughout the year . He made his CFL debut on July 11 , 2010 against the Montreal Alouettes , and later recorded his first special teams tackle on August 6 against the Toronto Argonauts . In a game against the Saskatchewan Roughriders on August 28 , Sharun blocked a punt to set up the Eskimos ' only touchdown along the way to scoring 17 unanswered points to win 17 14 . In his rookie season , Sharun recorded 16 special teams tackles while playing in 15 regular season games , along with one defensive tackle . Sharun played in all 18 games throughout the regular season of 2011 . unk his role as a special teams player , Sharun made 25 special teams tackles in the regular season , tying the team 's single season record previously held solely by Bruce Dickinson . His franchise record was later broken by Deon Lacey in 2014 . He recorded the second highest total of special teams tackles in the CFL , leading the West division in that category . Playing against the Hamilton Tiger Cats on July 9 , 2011 , Sharun recorded a career high four tackles . He made one special teams tackle during the playoffs . The Eskimos finished the season with a winning record of 11 7 and finished second in the West division . The Calgary Stampeders lost the West Finals to the BC Lions , eventual Grey Cup champions . Sharun was active in both playoff games . Sharun played in 13 regular season games and registered 13 special teams tackles during the 2012 season . He was placed on the six game injured list in October . In a September 7 game against the Stampeders , Sharun caught an unlikely pass from third string quarterback and holder Matt Nichols following a failed field goal snap and ran 35 yards for both players ' first career touchdown . In the 2013 CFL , Sharun played in 11 games and recorded 14 special teams tackles , including three total tackles in the September 6 game against the Stampeders . He began the season on the practice roster after being cut when the Eskimos reduced their roster to 46 players , but returned to the active roster on July 12 . Sharun achieved nine special teams tackles over 13 games during the 2014 season . He also played in two playoff matches , recording an additional tackle . Sharun was placed on the injured list several times during the 2014 season , including a transfer to the six game injured list in September . Following the 2014 season , Sharun was signed to a contract extension by the Eskimos but was released prior to the start of the regular season in 2015 . Calgary Stampeders The Calgary Stampeders signed Sharun to their practice roster on July 28 , 2015 , where he remained for most of the season . He was activated for the West Final following an injury to Karl McCartney . In a loss at the West Final , Sharun made three special teams tackles against his former team , the Eskimos . On June 19 , 2016 , Sharun was released by the Stampeders . Statistics
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1,896 | Coprinopsis atramentaria , commonly known as the common ink cap or inky cap , is an edible ( but sometimes poisonous , see below ) mushroom found in Europe and North America . Previously known as Coprinus atramentarius , it is the second best known ink cap and previous member of the genus Coprinus after C. unk . It is a widespread and common fungus found throughout the northern hemisphere . Clumps of mushrooms arise after rain from spring to autumn , commonly in urban and disturbed habitats such as vacant lots and lawns , as well as grassy areas . The grey brown cap is initially bell shaped before opening , after which , it flattens and disintegrates . The flesh is thin and the taste mild . It can be eaten but is poisonous when consumed with alcohol hence another common name , tippler 's bane . Taxonomy The common ink cap was first described by French naturalist Pierre Bulliard in 1786 as Agaricus atramentarius before being placed in the large genus Coprinus in 1838 by Elias Magnus Fries . The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word unk ink . The genus was formerly considered to be a large one with well over 100 species . However , molecular analysis of DNA sequences showed that the most species belonged in the family Psathyrellaceae , distinct from the type species that belonged to the Agaricaceae . It was given its current binomial name in 2001 as a result , as this and other species were moved to the new genus Coprinopsis . The term tippler 's bane is derived from its ability to create acute sensitivity to alcohol , similar to disulfiram ( Antabuse ) . Other common names include common ink cap and inky cap . The black liquid that this mushroom releases after being picked was once used as ink . Description Measuring 3 7 cm ( 1 . 2 2 . 8 in ) in diameter , the greyish or brownish grey cap is initially bell shaped , is furrowed , and later splits . The colour is more brownish in the centre of the cap , which later flattens before melting . The very crowded gills are free they are whitish at first but rapidly turn black and easily unk . The short stipe measures 7 17 cm ( 2 . 8 6 . 8 in ) high by 1 . 5 cm in diameter , is grey in colour , and lacks a ring . The spore print is dark brown , and the almond shaped spores measure 8 11 by 5 6 m . The flesh is thin and pale grey in colour . Distribution and habitat Coprinopsis atramentaria occurs across the Northern Hemisphere , including Europe , North America , and Asia , but has also been found in Australia , where it has been recorded from such urban locations as the Royal Botanic Gardens in Sydney and around Lake Torrens , and also in South Africa . Like many ink caps , it grows in tufts . It is commonly associated with buried wood and is found in grassland , meadows , disturbed ground , and open terrain from late spring to autumn . Fruiting bodies have been known to push their way up through asphalt and even tennis courts . It is also common in urban areas and appears in vacant lots , and tufts of fungi can be quite large and fruit several times a year . If dug up , the mycelium can often be found originating on buried dead wood . Toxicity Consuming Coprinopsis atramentaria within a few hours of alcohol results in a disulfiram syndrome . This interaction has only been known since the early part of the twentieth century . Symptoms include facial reddening , nausea , vomiting , malaise , agitation , palpitations and tingling in limbs , and arise five to ten minutes after consumption of alcohol . If no more alcohol is consumed , they will generally subside over two or three hours . Symptom severity is proportional to the amount of alcohol consumed , becoming evident when blood alcohol concentration reaches 5 mg dL , and prominent at concentrations of 50 100 mg dL . unk has , however , been known to cause myocardial infarction ( heart attack ) . The symptoms can occur if even a small amount of alcohol is consumed up to three days after eating the mushrooms , although they are milder as more time passes . Rarely , a cardiac arrhythmia , such as atrial fibrillation on top of unk tachycardia , may develop . The fungus contains a unk compound called coprine . Its active metabolite , 1 unk , blocks the action of an enzyme , acetaldehyde dehydrogenase , which breaks down acetaldehyde in the body . Acetaldehyde is an intermediate metabolite of ethanol and is responsible for most symptoms of a hangover its effect on autonomic receptors is responsible for the unk symptoms . Treatment involves reassuring the patient that the often frightening symptoms will pass , rehydration ( fluid replacement ) for fluid loss from vomiting , and monitoring for cardiac arrhythmias . Large and prolonged doses of coprine were found to have unk effects on rats and dogs in testing .
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1,897 | The February 1969 nor 'easter was a severe winter storm that affected the Mid Atlantic and New England regions of the United States between February 8 and February 10 . The nor 'easter developed on February 8 , and as it moved towards the northeast , intensifying to become a powerful storm . The system dropped paralyzing snowfall , often exceeding 20 in ( 51 cm ) . New York City bore the brunt of the storm , suffering extensive disruption . Thousands of travelers became stranded on roads and in airports . Overall , at least 94 people lost their lives to the storm . Following the event , the mayor of New York , John Lindsay , was criticized for failing to respond to the snowstorm adequately . Some areas of the city remained uncleared for over a week after the storm , and city schools were closed for several days . Synoptic history An area of low pressure moved generally eastward from Oklahoma and produced heavy rains from Missouri to Ohio on February 8 . By February 9 , it had reached Kentucky . A new , secondary low pressure system formed over Georgia along the warm front associated with the primary low . As the secondary low matured along the U.S. East Coast , the initial center weakened rapidly , and heavy rainfall developed over the Carolinas in association with the new low . Mixed precipitation soon spread across the Mid Atlantic States , and heavy snow began to fall from New Jersey northward by 1200 UTC on February 9 . The primary low dissipated , and the secondary low continued to intensify as it moved northeastward from the North Carolina coast to Long Island . Its forward motion slowed substantially , leading to increased precipitation totals over land . By 0000 UTC on February 10 , the storm deepened to 970 millibars , having strengthened 32 millibars in an 18 hour period . At 1200 UTC , it was situated off Cape Cod , still an intense cyclone . On February 11 , the storm moved out of the region . Impact The storm produced paralyzing snowfall from New Jersey through most of New England . Forecasts severely underestimated the duration of the storm , often predicting just a chance of snow . The highest totals often exceeding 42 in ( 110 cm ) were reported in the Bangor , Maine area with Lewiston , Maine topping 32 in ( 81 cm ) . Lesser accumulations up to 20 in ( 51 cm ) occurred in areas south to western Connecticut , Massachusetts , southern Vermont , northern Rhode Island , and eastern New Hampshire . Lighter snowfall extended as far south as central Virginia , and as far west as Indiana . The snow was accompanied by high winds , in some areas reaching 45 mph ( 72 km h ) . Heavy snow and gale warnings were declared across the region . Tides along the coast ran 2 to 3 ft ( 0 . 61 to 0 . 91 m ) above normal during the storm . New York City was struck particularly hard by the storm . It is estimated that 42 people perished , and several hundred more people were injured . The storm disrupted the city for days , and forced schools to close . Streets throughout Queens became impassable mail service , buses , taxis , delivery vehicles , and trash collection were all disrupted . Thousands of motorists became trapped on the New York State Thruway . A snow emergency was issued in the city , and the Long Island Rail Road suspended all service at the time . The snowstorm left approximately 6 , 000 travelers stranded at Kennedy Airport . They slept on chairs and floors . Over 1 , 000 vehicles were stalled or abandoned on the Tappan Zee Bridge most of these were removed within a day . Overall , at least 94 deaths were attributed to the storm . Throughout the region , the lack of delivery trucks also led to a shortage of food staples such as milk and bread . Aftermath Following the storm , then mayor John Lindsay was criticized for not dealing with the snow adequately . Portions of the city remained unplowed a week after the nor 'easter , leading the mayor into political misfortune . Lindsay 's visit to Queens was poorly received , and his limousine had trouble driving through the streets of Rego Park . The mayor was booed by residents of Kew Gardens Hills . The storm became known as the Lindsay unk , and created a political crisis as a result , Lindsay lost the Republican primary for the next mayoral election . Lindsay was able to win the mayoral election by running on a third party ticket , but he was politically weakened by the crisis . The storm also had an economic impact . The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE ) and American Stock Exchange ( AMEX ) closed as a result of the storm . It was the first time in history that the NYSE closed for a full day due to the weather , and the first time since 1918 that AMEX had done so . All commodity exchanges in New York City and the National Association of Securities Dealers also closed .
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1,898 | State Route 500 ( SR 500 ) is a 13 . 32 mile long ( 21 . 44 km ) Ohio State Route that runs between the Indiana state line and Paulding in the US state of Ohio . None of the highway is listed on the National Highway System . Most of the route is a rural two lane highway and passes through both farmland and residential properties . For much of its path , SR 500 runs generally parallel to the north of Flatrock Creek . The highway was first signed in 1937 on much of the same alignment as today . SR 500 replaced the SR 194 designation of the highway which dated back to 1923 SR 194 ran between Payne and Paulding . Some of the highway was paved in 1937 , with the rest of the route being paved in 1951 . Route description SR 500 begins at an intersection with county maintained State Line Road and Paulding Road on the Indiana state line in western Benton Township . The highway heads northeast as a two lane highway passing through farmland , with a few houses . The route turns east , then bends back to the northeast . At this point , Flatrock Creek appears close to the south side of the roadway , resulting in that side of the highway becoming primarily wooded , while the north side of the highway remains bounded by farmland . The route arrives at a T intersection with SR 49 on the southern boundary of Payne . At this point , it joins SR 49 heading north into the village along Main Street through a primarily residential area . The road arrives at a traffic signal where it meets SR 613 ( Townline Street ) . This highway comes into the intersection from the west , and joins SR 49 and SR 500 going north for two blocks along Main Street into downtown Payne . At that point , the concurrency hits a signalized intersection with Merrin Street and SR 500 and SR 613 turn to the east , while SR 49 continues heading north . East of SR 49 , the SR 500 and SR 613 concurrency goes through the central business district and then into a residential neighborhood . The highway briefly jogs north via Maple Street before turning east southeasterly onto Orchard Street , which it follows through the eastern portion of Payne . While the north side of the street is bounded by homes , the south side becomes wooded as Flatrock Creek reappears nearby . The route curves to the northeast at the County Road 47 ( CR 47 ) intersection and , upon crossing a set of railroad tracks , departs Payne . Now traveling through Harrison Township , the routes travel past rows of houses on each side of the highway before emerging into a landscape of farmland . Woods then appear along both sides of the roadway a short distance before SR 613 turns off to the east from SR 500 , which continues in an east northeasterly fashion . The route proceeds into Paulding Township passing a mix of farmland and houses , with forested land appearing along the south side at intervals where Flatrock Creek passes close to the highway . At CR 132 , the highway turns north for a short distance , passing along the west side of the campus of Paulding County Hospital just prior to its endpoint at SR 111 in the westernmost part of Paulding . Continuing north after SR 500 ends is CR 103 . There is no section of SR 500 that is included as a part of the National Highway System . The highway is maintained by the Ohio Department of Transportation ( ODOT ) like all other state routes in the state . The department tracks the traffic volumes along all state highways as a part of its maintenance responsibilities using a metric called average annual daily traffic ( AADT ) . This measurement is a calculation of the traffic level along a segment of roadway for any average day of the year . In 2012 , ODOT figured that the lowest traffic levels were present on the section that is west of SR 49 , where only 410 vehicles used the highway daily . The peak traffic volume was 2 , 830 vehicles AADT along a section of SR 500 at is concurrent with SR 49 and SR 613 . History In 1923 , SR 500 was signed as SR 194 northeast from Payne to Paulding and west of Payne was a county road . SR 194 was decommissioned in 1927 leaving the route that later became SR 500 as a county road . The commissioning of SR 500 took place in 1937 , and replaced a county road west of Payne , while east of Payne it replaced the former route of SR 194 . The highway had a gravel surface between the Indiana state line and SR 49 , while between SR 49 and its eastern terminus at SR 111 it was paved . In 1951 , the westernmost portion of SR 500 between the Indiana state line and SR 49 was paved . By 1955 , SR 113 , now SR 613 , was rerouted to be concurrent with SR 500 northeast of Payne to the current eastern split of the two routes . No significant changes have taken place to this state route since 1955 . Major intersections The entire route is in Paulding County .
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1,899 | The Tupolev Tu 12 ( development designation Tu 77 ) was an experimental Soviet jet powered medium bomber developed from the successful piston engined Tupolev Tu 2 bomber after the end of World War II . It was designed as a transitional aircraft to familiarize Tupolev and the VVS with the issues involved with jet engined bombers . Development The Tupolev Tu 73 jet engined bomber project was suffering delays in early 1947 and Tupolev suggested re engining the Tu 2 medium bomber with imported British Rolls Royce Nene jet engines to produce a jet bomber as quickly as possible . Design work began well before official approval was received on 31 May 1947 for one Tu 2S to be converted in the OKB 's workshop and another five to be converted at Zavod ( Factory ) Nr. 23 , but construction of the prototype had already begun in early May under the bureau designation Tu 77 . Changes from the standard Tu 2 were minimized to speed production and they consisted of the following Two Nene jet engines replaced the standard Shvetsov ASh unk radial engines . The wing dihedral was reduced to 3 from 6 . The fuselage was lengthened 400 mm ( 16 in ) and the rear fuselage was heightened by 300 mm ( 12 in ) . A new tricycle undercarriage was fitted , with the main gear units retracting into the engine nacelles . Additional fuel tanks were fitted and the design of the tanks was changed to accommodate the change from gasoline to kerosene . The control system was revised and trim tabs were fitted to the elevators . The wing and tail were reinforced . The 20 mm ( 0 . 79 in ) ShVAK cannon were removed from the wing roots and a 23 mm ( 0 . 91 in ) Nudelman Suranov NS 23 cannon was mounted in an external fairing on the starboard side of the nose . Testing and evaluation The prototype was completed in July and was first flown on 27 July 1947 . Two aircraft were shown at the Tushino Aviation Day Display on 3 August 1947 . It completed its manufacturer 's trials in September and underwent the State acceptance trials from 4 October 1947 to 27 February 1948 where it was redesignated as the Tu 12 . The NII VVS ( Naoochno Issledovatel 'skiy Institoot Voyenno Vozdooshnykh Seel Air Force Scientific Test Institute ) report summarized the differences between the Tu 2 and Tu 12 as a considerable gain in speed , an improved rate of climb , a higher service ceiling , but poorer field performance and a considerably greater fuel load required to achieve the same range as the Tu 2 . Both the lack of a pressurized cabin that greatly reduced its effectiveness at high altitude and the lack of deicing equipment for the wing and tail leading edges and the cockpit glazing were noted as major problems . At high speeds it was virtually impossible to traverse and elevate the manually operated unk 68 and Lu 68 gun turrets . The vibration of the NS 23 cannon when firing rendered the equipment in the navigator 's cabin unusable and damaged the cabin glazing . Turning on the Identification friend or foe ( IFF ) system adversely affected the intercom system and the radios . New generators had to be installed as the originals did not produce enough electrical power . The trials conducted by the NII VVS included engagements between the Tu 12 and the Soviet MiG 9 and Yak 23 jet fighters which were very useful in evaluating the offensive armament of the fighters , the defensive armament of the bomber and the proper tactics involved for both types of aircraft . The tests demonstrated the inferiority of the current 12 . 7 mm ( 0 . 50 in ) armament and meant that every Soviet bomber henceforth would have a defensive armament using power operated turrets that carried guns 20 mm or larger . The five aircraft modified by the factory were given the Klimov RD 45 engine , the Soviet unlicensed copy of the Nene engine , and all six aircraft , used by the VVS for aircrew familiarization and training . The aircraft completed were later relegated to test duties . One aircraft was used for drone tests and another , redesignated as the Tu unk , mounted various pulse jet engines on a pylon above the fuselage . Operators Soviet Union Soviet Air Force Specifications ( Tu 12 ) Data from Gunston , Tupolev Aircraft since 1922 General characteristics Crew 5 Length 16 . 45 m ( 53 ft 11 in ) Wingspan 18 . 86 m ( 61 ft 10 in ) Wing area 48 . 80 m2 ( 525 . 30 ft2 ) Empty weight unk kg ( 19 , 826 lb ) Gross weight 15 , 720 kg ( 34 , 657 lb ) Powerplant 2 Rolls Royce Nene I turbojet , 22 kN ( 5 , 000 lbf ) thrust each each Performance Maximum speed 783 km h ( 487 mph ) Range 2 , 200 km ( 1 , 367 miles ) Service ceiling 11 , 370 m ( 37 , 305 ft ) Armament 1 23 mm NS 23 cannon 2 12 . 7 mm Berezin UBT machine guns 3 , 000 kg ( 6 , 614 lb ) of bombs
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