PMC_ID stringlengths 8 11 | Image_num stringclasses 399 values | Online_file_path stringlengths 20 50 ⌀ | Image_info_Cleaned stringlengths 2 20.6k | Caption_Clean stringlengths 1 10.6k ⌀ | label stringclasses 2 values |
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PMC4797513 | Figure_4 | oa_package/bd/28/PMC4797513.tar.gz | ['At 2 and 4 weeks after balloon injury, the blood vessels from EPC-transplanted and control groups showed intimal hyperplasia, disordered and dense intimal and medial cells and narrowed lumen [].', 'Inhibition of neointimal proliferation by endothelial progenitor cell transplantation in injured carotid arteries (a) representative photomicrographs of hematoxylin-eosin stained histological cross-sections in transplantation group (n = 5) versus control group (n = 5) at 2 and 4 weeks after carotid injury (original magnification, 100) (b) intimal/medial area ratio was expressed as mean standard deviation.'] | Figure 4 Inhibition of neointimal proliferation by endothelial progenitor cell transplantation in injured carotid arteries (a) representative photomicrographs of hematoxylin-eosin stained histological cross-sections in transplantation group ( = 5) versus control group ( = 5) at 2 and 4 weeks after carotid injury (original magnification, 100) (b) intimal/medial area ratio was expressed as mean standard deviation. * < 0.05 compared with controls. EPC: Endothelial progenitor cell. | yes |
PMC4844704 | Figure_4 | oa_package/bf/58/PMC4844704.tar.gz | ['Morphological difference between eggs from resistant strain and susceptible strain.'] | Figure 4 Eggs from resistant strain parasites, showing morphology alterations, smaller size, and smaller lateral spines (10x); Eggs from resistant strain, in a bigger scale, showing morphology alterations, smaller size, and smaller lateral spines (40x); Eggs from susceptible strain parasites, showing normal morphology (10x); Eggs from susceptible strain parasites, showing normal morphology, in a bigger scale (40x). | yes |
PMC11405035 | Figure_7 | oa_package/66/ac/PMC11405035.tar.gz | ['RT-qPCR confirmed silencing of Cas9 (Supplemental A), excluding the possibility of de novo CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, whereas HA Western blotting confirmed ADAMTS12 expression (B).', 'In addition, catalytically active or inactive ADAMTS12 expression was validated in an in vitro digestion assay with the ADAMTS12-substrate cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) (Supplemental , B and C).', 'Quality control and PCA revealed 1 outlier (Inact 4), which was excluded from further analysis (Supplemental , D F).', 'Reflecting our prior observations, differential gene expression analysis again found upregulation of previously identified profibrotic genes (JUNB, MYD88) in active ADAMTS12 expressing cells, both in comparison with ADAMTS12-KO and inactive ADAMTS12 expressing cells (Supplemental , G I, and Supplemental Tables 11 13).', 'Of note, analysis of metalloprotease gene expression detected no compensatory upregulation of ADAMTS7, the closest homolog to ADAMTS12 (Supplemental J).', 'To assess ADAMTS12 substrates in activated fibroblasts in an unbiased manner, we therefore performed MS analysis of ECM secreted by TGF- stimulated WT or ADAMTS12-KO PDGFR + cells (A and Supplemental Table 15).', 'Interestingly, the most abundant protein in ADAMTS12-KO ECM was the fibulin HMCN1 (A).', 'Although HMCN1 Western blotting of WT and Adamts12 / mice showed no differences after sham surgery, we found a strong enrichment of a smaller-sized HMCN1 fragment (~56 kDa) in WT mice after UUO, suggestive of differential cleavage in fibrosis (, B and C).', 'HMCN1 Western blotting detected distinct lower-weight HMCN1 bands after ADAMTS12 digestion of HMCN1 IP lysates, but not with vehicle digestion, and also not in control IP lysates (D), indicative of HMCN1 cleavage by ADAMTS12.', 'Western blotting confirmed loss of uncleaved 600 kDa HMCN1 and the concomitant emergence of cleaved HMCN1 peptides at approximately 70 kDa with increasing concentrations of ADAMTS12, corroborating the cleavage of HMCN1 by ADAMTS12 (E).', 'Indeed, knockdown of HMCN1 in ADAMTS12-overexpressing cells significantly inhibited migration (F).', 'Interestingly, we simultaneously detected a robust, but nonsignificant, acceleration of ADAMTS12-KO cells after HMCN1 knockdown, in line with the notion that HMCN1 anchors cells (F).', 'HMCN1 is a substrate of ADAMTS12 that facilitates ADAMTS12-induced migration.'] | Figure 7 HMCN1 is a substrate of ADAMTS12 that facilitates ADAMTS12-induced migration. ( ) log FC of the top up- and downregulated proteins in ECM of WT versus -KO PDGFR cells ( = 3 per group). ( ) Western blot of lower-weight HMCN1 peptides (56 kDa) in kidneys from WT and mice after sham or UUO surgery ( = 6, WT = 7). ( ) Quantification of band density via a 2-tailed unpaired test. ( ) Digestion of HMCN1 or control IP lysates with ADAMTS12 or vehicle and subsequent detection of HMCN1 via Western blotting. ( ) Digestion of supernatant from HMCN1-expressing RPE cells with vehicle or 2 concentrations of ADAMTS12 (1 = 90 ng, 2 = 180 ng). Detection of HMCN1 by Western blotting. ( ) Trajectory maps of the migration of -KO and active ADAMTS12-overexpressing PDGFR cells treated with scrambled or HMCN1 siRNA. Quantification of the average speed per field of view (KO/scrambled siRNA = 136, KO/HMCN1 siRNA = 112, Act/scrambled siRNA = 48, Act/HMCN1 siRNA = 57, = 0.69, <0.0001, by 2-way ANOVA with Tukeys post hoc test). *** < 0.001 and **** < 0.0001. | yes |
PMC7892740 | Figure_1 | oa_package/f4/8b/PMC7892740.tar.gz | [' 1).', 'Setup for MR imaging in treatment position for patients with pelvic tumors.', 'The coil holder in combination with the flat indexable tabletop allows for reproducible positioningFor head acquisitions intended to guide stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), patients were positioned with stereotactic mask immobilization (Brainlab, Munich, Germany).'] | Fig. 1 Setup for MR imaging in treatment position for patients with pelvic tumors. The leg rest and the foot rest are identical to the ones used during radiotherapy treatment delivery. The coil holder in combination with the flat indexable tabletop allows for reproducible positioning | yes |
PMC10421797 | Figure_39 | oa_package/1f/fe/PMC10421797.tar.gz | [] | Fig. 39 A 9-year-old boy with ileocecal tuberculosis. Axial ( ) and coronal ( ) contrast-enhanced computed tomography images show circumferential mural thickening involving the caecum and terminal ileum. Enlarged calcified lymph nodes are also seen on the coronal image ( ) | yes |
PMC8691626 | Figure_2 | oa_package/1f/85/PMC8691626.tar.gz | ['A fluorescence-based activity assay was used to measure the activity of CTSC where an enzyme-specific substrate (H-GR-AMC) was exposed to neutrophil lysates; the proteolytic activity of CTSC cleaves this substrate to generate free AMC, the fluorescence of which was measured over time (A).', 'Neutrophil lysates from family A were completely devoid of CTSC activity (B), indicating that the 503A G mutation is a complete loss-of-function mutation.', 'Among healthy donors, a pronounced interindividual variation in CTSC activity was found even when all lysates were assayed side-by-side on a single plate (B).', 'g002Fluorescence-based protease activity assay for CTSC activity of neutrophil lysates.', 'Like our results for CTSC activity (B), levels of neutrophil NSP activity were highly variable within our cohort of healthy donors (<xref rid="pone.'] | 10.1371/journal.pone.0261724.g002 | yes |
PMC8326590 | Figure_4 | oa_package/4c/8e/PMC8326590.tar.gz | ['axial T1-W (A) and T2-W (B) MRI images demonstrating left paratesticular mass (yellow arrow) with intermediate T1 signal and low T2 signal comparing to adjacent testis (red arrow).', '(Color version of figure is available online)axial (A) and sagittal (B) T1-W FAT SAT post contrast images demonstrating a low enhancing-mass (yellow arrow) comparing to the adjacent testis (red arrow).'] | Fig. 4 axial T1-W (A) and T2-W (B) MRI images demonstrating left paratesticular mass (yellow arrow) with intermediate T1 signal and low T2 signal comparing to adjacent testis (red arrow). (Color version of figure is available online) | yes |
PMC8064425 | Figure_1 | oa_package/d4/bf/PMC8064425.tar.gz | ["Axial view of the non-contrast CT scan of the brainThe image showed no acute intracranial findingsCT: computed tomographyThe patient's initial laboratory investigations revealed good oxygenation with a partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) of 95 mmHg, but a severe respiratory acidosis with a mild leukocytosis with granulocytosis (Table 1)."] | Figure 1 Axial view of the non-contrast CT scan of the brain The image showedno acute intracranial findings CT:computed tomography | yes |
PMC10393224 | Figure_4 | oa_package/e2/40/PMC10393224.tar.gz | ['Subsequently, we also generated Ent2loxP/loxP Myosin Cre+ mice using a similar approach (17, 18) and exposed them to myocardial IRI (A).', 'We first confirmed the specific knockdown effect in Ent2 transcript (B) and protein levels (, C and D) in isolated cardiac myocytes in Ent2loxP/loxP Myosin Cre+ mouse hearts (Supplemental ).', 'Interestingly, Ent2loxP/loxP Myosin Cre+ mice exhibited similar myocardial injury compared with control mice, as demonstrated by comparable infarct sizes (, E and F) and troponin I levels (G).', 'Tissue-specific deletion of Ent2 is not associated with cardioprotection.'] | Figure 4 Tissue-specific deletion of is not associated with cardioprotection. ( ) Experimental set-up to study myocardial ischemia (60 minutes) and reperfusion (2 hours) injury in control (Myosin Cre ) or Myosin Cre mice. ( ) or transcript levels were measured from isolated cardiomyocytes from Myosin Cre or Myosin Cre mice ( = 3; 2-way ANOVA, ** < 0.01 in Bonferronis multiple-comparison test). ( ) ENT1 or ENT2 protein levels by Western blot analysis. ( ) Quantification of ( = 46; 2-way ANOVA, *** < 0.001 in Bonferronis multiple-comparison test). ( ) Infarct sizes in Myosin Cre or Myosin Cre mice ( = 6 for Myosin Cre , = 7 for Myosin Cre , Mann-Whitney test). ( ) Representative images of infarct staining. The infarct area is outlined by a green line; AAR is outlined by a blue line. Scale bar: 1 mm. ( ) cTnI levels after surgery ( = 6 for Myosin Cre , = 7 for Myosin Cre , 2-tailed unpaired test). Data are shown as mean SEM. Each dot represents 1 mouse. | yes |
PMC10682952 | Figure_2 | oa_package/e7/77/PMC10682952.tar.gz | ['The structure of the cTfRMAb-GDNF fusion protein is shown in A, which places the GDNF domain of the fusion protein in a dimeric configuration.', '2% ID/gram at an ID of 1 mg/kg (B, left panel).', ', 2000), is at the background level reflecting entrapment of the OX26 MAb in the blood volume of the brain in the mouse (A, left panel).', 'Capillary depletion analysis shows the VD in the post-vascular supernatant is 60% of the VD in the total homogenate (B, right panel), which indicates that 60% of the cTfRMAb-GDNF fusion protein bound by the BBB is transcytosed within 60 min after IV administration (Zhou et al.', '(A) Structure of TfRMAb-GDNF fusion protein where the mature human GDNF is fused to the carboxyl terminus of each heavy chain of the mouse/rat chimeric MAb against the mouse transferrin receptor (TfR), and designated the cTfRMAb-GDNF fusion protein.', 'Mice treated with the cTfRMAb-GDNF fusion protein showed a 44% reduction in apomorphine-induced rotation behavior at 2 and 3 weeks (C).', 'The capture agent of the ADA ELISA was varied and included either the cTfRMAb-GDNF fusion protein, GDNF alone, the cTfRMAb alone, or the original rat 8D3 antibody, and the ADA titers for serial dilutions of pooled treatment serum are shown in D.', ', 2011c), which is comparable to the brain uptake in the mouse of the cTfRMAb-GDNF fusion protein (B).'] | Figure 2 Structure of TfRMAb-GDNF fusion protein where the mature human GDNF is fused to the carboxyl terminus of each heavy chain of the mouse/rat chimeric MAb against the mouse transferrin receptor (TfR), and designated the cTfRMAb-GDNF fusion protein. The fusion protein binds 2 receptors: the TfR at the mouse BBB to enable RMT across the BBB, and the GFR1 to mediate GDNF action in brain. Left panel: Brain uptake, measured as % of injected dose (ID) per gram brain, in the mouse of either the cTfRMAb-GDNF fusion protein, or the OX26 MAb against the rat TfR at 60min after intravenous (IV) administration. The OX26 MAb does not recognize the mouse TfR and does not enter mouse brain. Right panel: Capillary depletion analysis shows the volume of distribution (VD) of the cTfRMAb-GDNF fusion protein in the homogenate (H), post-vascular supernatant (S), and vascular pellet (P) in mouse brain at 60min after IV administration. Panels reprinted with permission from . bioactivity of the TfRMAb-GDNF fusion protein in mice with experimental PD induced by the injection of 6 ug of 6-hydroxydopamine in each of 2 locations of the right striatum. Mice were treated intravenously either with saline or with the TfRMAb-GDNF fusion protein, 1mg/kg, administered every 2days for 3weeks, starting 1h after toxin injection. Apomorphine-induced rotation behavior was measured weekly. Data are meanSE ( =9 mice/group). Statistical differences from the saline treated animals at 2 and 3weeks are <0.05 (*). Reprinted with permission from . Anti-drug antibody (ADA) response in mice after 12weeks of treatment with the TfRMAb-GDNF fusion protein, 2mg/kg IV, given twice-weekly. The terminal serum from the treated mice were pooled and tested at dilutions ranging from 1:50 to 1:3000 against 4 different capture agents in the ADA ELISA: the chimeric cTfRMAb against the mouse TfR, the hybridoma generated rat 8D3 MAb against the mouse TfR, the cTfRMAb-GDNF fusion protein, or human GDNF. The data show the low titer ADA response is directed against the TfRMAb domain of the fusion protein, with no response against the GDNF domain. Reprinted from . | yes |
PMC4564453 | Figure_14 | oa_package/fd/54/PMC4564453.tar.gz | [] | Fig. 14 Case 4. Post-operative T1-weighted postcontrast MRI ( axial, coronal). There is no evidence of disease | yes |
PMC3135116 | Figure_5 | oa_package/02/dd/PMC3135116.tar.gz | ['Anecdotal examples include histoplasmosis with erythema multiforme (), and folliculitis in association with an adverse drug reaction to HAART ().', '004"/>Skin biopsy from a patient with AIDS-associated histoplasmosis and concomitant erythema multiforme.'] | Figure 5 Skin biopsy from a patient with AIDS-associated histoplasmosis and concomitant erythema multiforme. A lichenoid reaction is visible in relation to the dermoepidermal interface (a), while the dermis contains conspicuous numbers of yeasts (b), whose presence is highlighted with the aid of a Grocott stain (c). | yes |
PMC11017414 | Figure_4 | oa_package/9c/69/PMC11017414.tar.gz | [] | FIGURE 4 (A) Violin plot indicates the inflammation differences in three groups, showing the median, quartile, and kernel density estimations for the immune response score. (B, C) The relative proportion of seven major immune cells (B) and Tcell subtypes (C) in each sample. (D) Mean value for each cell subset including, NK cells, Macrophages, T cells, and T helper cells, was calculated for each group and compared (oneway ANOVA analysis, Tukey post hoc tests, * <0.05; ** <0.01, *** <0.001). (E) GSEA analysis reveals the enriched KEGG pathways related to inflammation response in CVT. | yes |
PMC3698794 | Figure_14 | oa_package/71/73/PMC3698794.tar.gz | [] | Figure 14. Clodronateliposomes abrogate aneurysm formation in AngIIinfused S3KO mice but fail to restore pristine state of elastin. A, Relative mRNA expression of MMP2, MMP9, and their respective inhibitors in vehicle and AngIIinfused WT and S3KO aortas after PBS or clodronateliposome treatment (n=3 per group; triplicate experiments were performed). Gene expression was normalized to RPL27. B, Changes in aortic diameter after PBS or clodronateliposome treatment (n=5 per group). C, Relative mRNA expression of iNOS (n=3 per group; triplicate experiments were performed). D, Relative NO production presented in fluorescence units from S3KO and WT aortic sections (n=3 per group; triplicate measurements were performed). E, Aortic aneurysm incidence. F, Representative photographs showing the gross phenotype of highdose AngIIinfused WT and S3KO aortas after PBS or clodronateliposome treatment. Arrowheads indicate aortic aneurysms/dissections. Scale bars=2 mm. G and H, KaplanMeier plot demonstrating the survival rate in highdose AngIIinfused S3KO mice after clodronate (n=5 per group) (G) or PBSliposome (n=5 per group) (H) treatment. values on the survival curves were generated using the logrank test after comparing with the respective WT counterparts. I, Immunofluorescence staining for elastin in the aorta. Arrowheads indicate elastic fiber fragmentations. Scale bars=50 m. Values represent meanSEM. * <0.05, ** <0.01, *** <0.001. AngII indicates angiotensin II; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; WT, wild type; S3KO, knockout; PBS, phosphatebuffered saline; RPL27, ribosomal protein L27; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases; L, lumen; ns, not significant. | yes |
PMC9734605 | Figure_2 | oa_package/2a/ae/PMC9734605.tar.gz | [' 2).', '8 cm prevascular lymph node was seen on axial and sagittal viewsOn presentation, the patient was asymptomatic.'] | Fig. 2 Contrast enhanced CT of the chest was performed using thin section reconstructions. The patient was given intravenous contrast with iopamidol. A 1.8cm prevascular lymph node was seen on axial and sagittal views | yes |
PMC9520570 | Figure_5 | oa_package/64/1c/PMC9520570.tar.gz | ['A shows that the NIAAA binge model caused liver injury demonstrated by a significant elevation in ALT levels, although ALT levels were 5-fold lower than those observed with the intragastric alcohol feeding.', 'Liver steatosis was also observed with the NIAAA binge model (A), but generally at lower levels than observed with the intragastric alcohol feeding as previously discussed (Bertola et al.', '01) was very similar to levels observed with the intragastric alcohol fed mice (B).'] | FIGURE 5 Effect of other alcohol feeding models on hepatic LRP1 and APP levels. The effect of the NIAAA binge model on liver injury and steatosis , in addition to LRP1 and APP expression in the liver . ALT, H&E histology (200 magnification), and immunoblotting of mice liver occurred following NIAAA binge model (6weeks oral alcohol feeding plus a binge). The arrows point to lipid droplets in the liver associated with steatosis. = 46 mice. The effect of intragastric alcohol feeding to rats on liver injury and steatosis , and hepatic LRP1 and APP expression in intragastric alcohol fed rats . ALT, H&E histology, and immunoblotting of rat liver occurred following 6weeks of intragastric alcohol feeding to rats ( = 5 rats). Densitometry for APP and LRP1 in the liver was performed using NIH Image J with -actin being used as the loading control. Results are mean SD. *** < 0.001, ** < 0.01, or * < 0.05 vs. control. | yes |
PMC4456368 | Figure_7 | oa_package/fb/e2/PMC4456368.tar.gz | ['Ultrastructural differences of VICs in DMEM and fibroblast mediaBy electron microscopy, VICs in DMEM showed abundant myofilaments in their cytoplasm together with an incomplete basal lamina and membranous pinocytotic vesicles (A).', 'VICs in fibroblast media (B) showed ultrastructural features similar to the native VICs (<xref rid="pone.', 'g007" ref-type="fig">C) with golgi stacks and RER and an absence of myofibroblastic features.', 'g007\nElectron micrographs of VICs cultured in DMEM showing myofibroblast characteristics such as pinocytotic vesicles (brackets), abundant cytoplasmic myofibres (*) and incomplete external lamina (arrow) (A).'] | 10.1371/journal.pone.0127844.g007 | yes |
PMC4237202 | Figure_2 | oa_package/51/00/PMC4237202.tar.gz | ['We compared fly lines that express the various ataxin-3 transgenes at similar mRNA levels, according to quantitative RT-PCR (figure 2A).', 'As shown in figure 2B, K-Null ataxin-3 protein does not accumulate compared to WT or K-117 ataxin-3.', 'Mutating UbS2 does not abrogate the catalytic activity of ataxin-323 or affect its subcellular localization (supplementary figure 2).', 'Lysine-less ataxin-3 does not accumulate in vivo in DrosophilaA) Selection of transgenic fly lines that express similar levels of ataxin-3 variants.'] | Figure 2 Lysine-less ataxin-3 does not accumulate in A) Selection of transgenic fly lines that express similar levels of ataxin-3 variants. Quantitative RT-PCR results from whole flies expressing the versions of UAS-ataxin-3 noted in the panel. At least 5 flies were used per genotype per experiment. Driver was sqh-Gal4 (ubiquitous expression ). All flies were heterozygous for UAS-ataxin-3 and sqh-Gal4 transgenes. Red and blue arrows: lines that we chose for western blotting shown in panel B. Experiment performed independently in triplicate. Shown are mean ataxin-3 mRNA levels normalized to WT-1. Error bars: standard deviations. Flies were 13 days old. B) Western blots from whole fly lysates expressing the indicated UAS-ataxin-3 constructs based on qRT-PCR data from panel A. Driver was sqh-Gal4. All flies were heterozygous for UAS-ataxin-3 and sqh-Gal4 transgenes, as in panel A. Ten or more flies per genotype were homogenized. Blots are representative of experiment performed independently in triplicate, with similar results. Flies were 13 days old. | yes |
PMC11401631 | Figure_5 | oa_package/f5/1e/PMC11401631.tar.gz | ['The blue arrow points to tumor cells, and the black arrow points to benign colonic epitheliumVimentin immunohistochemistry(A,B) Vimentin shows diffuse, strong cytoplasmic positivity in tumor cellsS100 immunohistochemistry(A,B) Diffuse strong cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity in tumor cellsHMB-45 immunohistochemistry(A,B) Strong cytoplasmic positivity (70% of tumor cells)Melan-A/MART-1 immunohistochemistry(A,B) Cytoplasmic positivity in tumor cellsSynaptophysin immunohistochemistry(A,B) Diffuse strong cytoplasmic positivity in tumor cellsTherefore, the final diagnosis of primary malignant melanoma (amelanotic type) with neuroendocrine differentiation was established based on histological features and the co-expression of melanocytic and neuroendocrine markers such as Melan-A, HMB-45, and synaptophysin.'] | Figure 5 Vimentin immunohistochemistry (A,B) Vimentin shows diffuse, strong cytoplasmic positivity in tumor cells | yes |
PMC3297754 | Figure_4 | oa_package/92/c0/PMC3297754.tar.gz | [' 4).', 'c After 9 months it was reduced in size, partially calcified (arrow) and became elastic (score 1; arrowhead)\nThe results of the elastograms in relation to the lesion shape are shown in Table 4.', ' 4).'] | Fig. 4 Ultrasound showed a subcapsular oval-shaped hypoechoic pseudonodule ( ) and an adjacent rounded hyperechoic spot in a patient with recent scrotal trauma. At RTE the entire lesion and its surrounding area were blue ( ), indicating a score 5 appearance that usually indicates suspected neoplasm. Considering the shape and the recent history of trauma, a close follow-up was planned. Six months later the B-mode image seemed to be about the same ( ), but at RTE half of the nodule showed regular strain and the surrounding stiffness had disappeared ( ). After 9months it was reduced in size, partially calcified ( ) and became elastic (score 1; ) | yes |
PMC8678227 | Figure_1 | oa_package/41/5d/PMC8678227.tar.gz | ['The experience of European pulmonary pathologistsVirchows Arch2020477359723264284231MenterTHaslbauerJDNienholdRSavicSHopferHDeigendeschNPostmortem examination of COVID-19 patients reveals diffuse alveolar damage with severe capillary congestion and variegated findings in lungs and other organs suggesting vascular dysfunctionHistopathology2020771982093236426432XuZShiLWangYZhangJHuangLZhangCPathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndromeLancet Respir Med2020842023208584633FlammerAJAndersonTCelermajerDSCreagerMADeanfieldJGanzPThe assessment of endothelial function: from research into clinical practiceCirculation2012126753672286985734GanRRosomanNPHenshawDJENobleEPGeorgiusPSommerfeldNCOVID-19 as a viral functional ACE2 deficiency disorder with ACE2 related multi-organ diseaseMed Hypotheses20201441100243275887135ArmstrongSMWangCTigdiJSiXDumpitCCharlesSInfluenza infects lung microvascular endothelium leading to microvascular leak: role of apoptosis and claudin-5PLoS One20127e473232311564336SumikoshiMHashimotoKKawasakiYSakumaHSuzutaniTSuzukiHHuman influenza virus infection and apoptosis induction in human vascular endothelial cellsJ Med Virol200880107281842812937MassothLRDesaiNSzabolcsAHarrisCKNeyazACrottyRComparison of RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry techniques for the detection and localization of SARS-CoV-2 in human tissuesAm J Surg Pathol202145142432826529Histological vascular and gross pulmonary vascular findings in SARS-CoV-2 positive autopsies.'] | Fig. 1 Histological vascular and gross pulmonary vascular findings in SARS-CoV-2 positive autopsies. Images demonstrate severe grade of vascular changes (larger involved areas and high number of foci) ( ), images show mild grade morphological changes (smaller or only scattered areas involved) ( ). Numerous ( ) and only scattered ( ) lymphocytes beneath the endothelium. Multiple middle- and small-sized ( and ) and only scattered small-sized peripheral ( , ) fibrin and leucocytic thrombi. Large multiple areas ( ) and only small foci ( ) of pulmonary hemorrhagic infarction and consolidation. : H & E stain. (inset): modified Picro-Mallory stain. H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. | yes |
PMC10539697 | Figure_8 | oa_package/9d/42/PMC10539697.tar.gz | ['TOF normalizes the activated STAT signaling in injured spinal cord and ex vivo microglia under inflammatory conditions.'] | Figure 8 TOF normalizes the activated STAT signaling in injured spinal cord and microglia under inflammatory conditions. Western blot analysis performed for p-STAT1, STAT1, p-STAT3 and STAT3 expression in spinal cord obtained on day 7 post-injury. Western blot analysis of p-STAT1, STAT1, p-STAT3 and STAT3 expression in primary microglia. Quantification of the ratio of p-STAT1/ STAT1 and p-STAT3/ STAT3 (The values are presented as mean SD; * <0.05, ** <0.01, *** <0.001, one-way ANOVA; n = 3 rats per group or combined from 3 independent experiments). Proposed mechanism: TOF regulates inflammation and promotes neural repair after SCI. | yes |
PMC5041422 | Figure_3 | oa_package/a4/be/PMC5041422.tar.gz | [] | Figure 3 Axial, coronal, and sagittal Tc-methylene diphosphonate single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography fusion images demonstrate focal increased activity (arrows) within the right C2 lamina | yes |
PMC3813448 | Figure_2 | oa_package/c3/51/PMC3813448.tar.gz | ['Stimulation of AMPAR led to a time-dependent loss of mature APP, clearly detected at 20 min, reaching a maximum at 3 h and maintained for up to 24 h, although there was some indication of a partial recovery in APP levels at the longest time point (A and 2B).', 'The increase in -CTFs was maintained above basal level for 3 6 h (A, 2C) and at these longer time points there was a marked decrease in the level of the highest molecular weight CTF band.', 'g002AMPAR-stimulation increases time-dependent APP processing that is not completely dependent on ERK activation.', 'Inhibition of MEK with either PD184352 or U0126 abolished basal and AMPAR-induced ERK phosphorylation as expected and caused a modest ( 15%) increase in APP levels (D, 2E) suggesting a potential role for ERK in tonic constitutive APP processing.'] | 10.1371/journal.pone.0078155.g002 | yes |
PMC11502597 | Figure_9 | oa_package/6a/f5/PMC11502597.tar.gz | [' 9).', 'Abb.', 'Die sp ter entstandene untere Bruchlinie (roter Pfeil) endet (gr ne Umkreisung) an der fr her entstandenen oberen Bruchlinie (gelber Pfeil)Stumpfe Gewalt gegen den RumpfForensisch relevante, stumpfe Rumpfverletzungen entstehen durch Druck- und Zugspannungen bei schweren Gewalteinwirkungen wie bspw.'] | Abb. 9 Postmortale Computertomographie (PMCT), Puppe-Regel: mehrfache stumpfe Gewalt gegen den Kopf mit Schdelfrakturen an der linken Schdelseite. Die spter entstandene untere Bruchlinie( ) endet( ) an der frher entstandenen oberen Bruchlinie( ) | yes |
PMC7213657 | Figure_6 | oa_package/ac/4d/PMC7213657.tar.gz | [] | Figure 6 Angiography from the microcatheter within the fistula, late phase Opacification of the choledocus (red arrow) and the duodenum (yellow star) | yes |
PMC3450930 | Figure_3 | oa_package/47/fa/PMC3450930.tar.gz | [] | Figure 3 Immunohistochimie: positivit diffuse cytoplasmique lanticorps anti-HMB45 | yes |
PMC11693601 | Figure_4 | oa_package/03/32/PMC11693601.tar.gz | ['After confirming stable PCSK7 knockdown, the cells were differentiated into macrophages (A).', 'Under ischemic conditions simulated by CoCl2, TNF- levels were significantly reduced in U937 PCSK7 cells, while other cytokines remained unchanged (B).', 'Furthermore, in PCSK7 knockout mice, F4/80 macrophages post-MI exhibited decreased TNF- expression (C).', 'Furthermore, levels of both membrane-bound (mTNF- ) and soluble TNF- (sTNF- ) levels were decreased in PCSK7-deficient macrophages (D).', 'PCSK7 activates the TNF- signaling pathway, driving adverse remodeling post-MI.'] | Fig. 4 PCSK7 activates the TNF- signaling pathway, driving adverse remodeling post-MI. (A) PCSK7 knockdown in U937 cells was confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. (B) Expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-, IL-1, and IL-6) in U937 and U937 cells treated with interferon-gamma (IFN-; 20 ng/ml), lipopolysaccharides (LPS; 500 ng/ml), and cobalt chloride (CoCl ; 0.1 mM), analyzed by qPCR. (C) Quantification of TNF--positive F4/80 cardiac macrophages in sham (n = 3) and Day 3 post-MI (n = 3) hearts of and mice. (D) Immunoblot analysis of phosphorylated Erk1/2, total Erk1/2, phosphorylated p38, total p38, phosphorylated JNK , total JNK, membrane-bound TNF-, and soluble TNF- in U937 macrophages treated with IFN-/LPS and stimulated with CoCl (n = 3). All data are presented as the mean standard error of the mean. ns, nonsignificant; P > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. | yes |
PMC11585153 | Figure_5 | oa_package/17/be/PMC11585153.tar.gz | [' 5a) were upregulated one day after the last mTBI and continued to show increased expression 1-week post mTBI (p 0.', ' 5a).', ' 5b).', '', 'Scale bar = 50 mNeuroinflammation in the trigeminal nucleus caudalisTrigeminal nucleus caudalis showed a wide range of gene expression changes in the transcriptomic data.'] | Fig.5 Mild TBI induced gene expression of satellite glial markers in the TG. Fold change (qPCR) in gene expression of satellite glial markers (Gfap, Gja1 and Slc1a2) in the TG of mTBI mice. Bar graphs show mRNA expression on day 1 and day 8 after the last mTBI. Data ( =56/group) in the bar graph are represented as meanstandard error. *, <0.05, **, <0.01. Localization of mRNA expression of Kcnj10 (green), Gfap (red) and Slc1a2 (magenta) in the TG of sham and mTBI mice obtained at 7days post injury. Scale bar=50m | yes |
PMC5810119 | Figure_1 | oa_package/09/00/PMC5810119.tar.gz | ['1).', 'a Axial black blood CMR slice at the level of the main pulmonary artery showing a large black space devoid of lung markings typical of a large pneumothorax of the left lung.', 'The 2D appearance is much less dramatic than that of panel b\n<media xlink:href="12880_2017_240_MOESM1_ESM.'] | Fig. 1 Axial black blood CMR slice at the level of the main pulmonary artery showing a large black space devoid of lung markings typical of a large pneumothorax of the left lung. Anterior coronal Black blood slice showing complete absence of lung parenchyma in the left anterior chest giving the impression of a much larger pneumothorax, note the absence of mediastinal shift. Short axis stack showing compression of basal right ventricular free wall in diastole. Plain PA chest X Ray showing 3cm apical pneumothorax. The 2D appearance is much less dramatic than that of panel b | yes |
PMC3958076 | Figure_5 | oa_package/fe/42/PMC3958076.tar.gz | ['There was some expression of LLT1 in epithelial cells in the absence of stimulation (visualized as brown DAB substrate precipitate) and significant upregulation of expression in cell monolayers stimulated with cytokines or poly(I C) ().'] | FIG 5 LLT1 protein expression in bronchial epithelial cells. BEAS-2B cells were stimulated with 10,000 U/ml IFN-, 10 ng/ml IL-1, 10 ng/ml TNF-, or 10 g/ml poly(IC) for 16 h, and immunohistochemistry was carried out for LLT1 protein expression. LLT1 expression was visualized using DAB substrate, which forms a brown precipitate. Scale bar = 50 m. | yes |
PMC11099496 | Figure_3 | oa_package/ac/f7/PMC11099496.tar.gz | [] | Figure 3 Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining highlights a slight increase in superficial dermal vessel wall thickening (PAS, 160x) | yes |
PMC6856777 | Figure_2 | oa_package/59/a7/PMC6856777.tar.gz | ['2), pudendal neuralgia (', '(7).'] | Fig. 2. High-resolution US shows enlargement of an hypoechoic ulnar nerve (between calipers) in a post-traumatic mononeuropathy at the level of the medial epicondyle | yes |
PMC8392426 | Figure_11 | oa_package/35/73/PMC8392426.tar.gz | [] | Figure 11 Results from the four AI models and NIH with a grayscale CT slice. Row 1 to Row 4 is four models: SegNet, VGG-SegNet, ResNet-SegNet, and NIH. | yes |
PMC9640331 | Figure_3 | oa_package/86/84/PMC9640331.tar.gz | ['\nContrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen findings.'] | Figure 3 A: The proximal sigmoid colon was dilated. The middle colon wall was thickened. It was markedly enhanced in the arterial phase, representing the characteristics of neoplastic lesions or chronic abscesses; B: The sigmoid colon mass compressed the bladder, and the boundary between the bladder and the mass was unclear. | yes |
PMC10100161 | Figure_2 | oa_package/54/e8/PMC10100161.tar.gz | ['Prognostic performance of MSS in LUSC cohorts.'] | Figure 2 Prognostic performance of MSS in LUSC cohorts. Discriminatory power of MSS in (A) training cohort, (B) test cohort, (C) internal validation cohort, and (D) external validation cohort. AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. KM analysis was performed using the logrank test. LUSC, lung squamous cell carcinoma; MSS, myeloid survival score. | yes |
PMC11652124 | Figure_1 | oa_package/c1/2f/PMC11652124.tar.gz | [] | FIGURE 1 (A) Histology showing a compound melanocytic lesion with a slightly atypical architecture and many dermal melanophages (H&E). (B) A closeup view of the lesion, with nests (circle) of mildly atypical melanocytes and some pagetoid spread into the stratum granulosum (arrows). (C) SOX 10 staining highlighting the pagetoid spread of melanocytes. (D) PRAME staining showing overall weak PRAME positivity (25%). | yes |
PMC4139913 | Figure_4 | oa_package/b2/ca/PMC4139913.tar.gz | ['Additional images of ring hemorrhages which highlights the presence of fibrin (A), parasites (B,C), pigment (A C), rarified brain (B D), and variable-sized hemorrhages.'] | Figure 4 . All images are originally 600x, H&E. | yes |
PMC11418639 | Figure_3 | oa_package/f9/d1/PMC11418639.tar.gz | ['At the 2-month follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic, and control MRI () confirmed the absence of NCC cysts in the basal cisterns and the trigeminal nerve in a normal anatomical position.', 'FIG.'] | FIG. 3. Immediate postoperative spiral multislice tomography ( ) with a small neumoencephalus in the basal cisterns ( ), without other findings. Axial FIESTA ( )and sagittal postgadolinium T1-weighted ( ) MRI 2 months after surgery, confirming the absence of NCC cysts and a trigeminal nerve without evidence of compression and in its normal anatomical position ( ). | yes |
PMC10626213 | Figure_1 | oa_package/da/0e/PMC10626213.tar.gz | ['Brain MRI images.'] | Figure 1 Brain MRI images. T2 weighted Brain MRI axial sequence demonstrating a T2 hypointense lesion (white arrow) centered in the mid- to posterior intraconal compartment of the left orbit involving the intraocular muscles near the region of the orbital apex. (A) The lesion is seen compressing the optic nerve sheath displacing it superomedially. Similar signal intensity is observed within the left cavernous sinus consistent with sinus invasion (orange arrow). Axial (B) pre- and (C) post-contrast T1 weighted sequences demonstrating homogeneous enhancement of the orbital lesion (green arrow) with associated proptosis and extension to the cavernous sinus (yellow arrow).(D) Coronal post-contrast T1 weighted MR sequence demonstrating homogeneous enhancement of the orbital lesion (pink arrow). | yes |
PMC8319367 | Figure_2 | oa_package/0a/32/PMC8319367.tar.gz | ['Approximately 6-7 cm oval mass located in the antimesenteric border of proximal jejunum about 50 cm distal to the duodeno-jejunal flexure was seen ().', 'Intra-op findings:6 7 cm oval mass located in the antimesenteric border of proximal jejunum about 50 cm distal to the duodeno-jejunal flexure.', 'The postoperative hospital stay was uneventful and patient was discharged on 7th post-operative day.'] | Fig. 2 Intra-op findings: 67cm oval mass located in the antimesenteric border of proximal jejunum about 50cm distal to the duodeno-jejunal flexure. | yes |
PMC11420507 | Figure_4 | oa_package/7c/a0/PMC11420507.tar.gz | ['38 mg/L (Fig 4).', 'Fig 4(A) Coronal and (B) axial views of case 2, 4 years later.'] | Fig4 Coronal and axial views of case 2, 4 years later. | yes |
PMC7750402 | Figure_1 | oa_package/81/9a/PMC7750402.tar.gz | ['0As most common treatment intralesional curettage (, , , ) was performed.', 'Radiographs of a 17 years old patient show a manifestation of chondroblastoma in the proximal humerus.'] | Fig. 1 Radiographs of a 17years old patient show a manifestation of chondroblastoma in the proximal humerus. | yes |
PMC8498107 | Figure_5 | oa_package/03/e1/PMC8498107.tar.gz | ['While the GlyR WT was nicely expressed at the cellular membrane (A, upper lane), GlyR Y252S exhibited both cell surface expression and ER retention (co-localized with calreticulin) and formed large aggregates together with gephyrin.', 'Mutants S321F and A455P were also expressed at the membrane but mainly detectable intracellularly (A, lower two lanes).', 'Expression of gephyrin alone, did not result in any detectable gephyrin in the membrane fraction (D).'] | FIGURE 5 Membrane expression of GlyR variants is altered in the presence of gephyrin. HEK-293 transfected with GlyR 1, eGFP-gephyrin and WT or variants (Y252S, S321F or A455P). Cellular compartment markers (GAP-43: cell membrane, calreticulin (Cal): endoplasmic reticulum) are always co-transfected (magenta). GlyR WT or variants are stained with an anti-myc antibody (cyan), eGFP-gephyrin is shown in yellow. White boxes mark the areas shown in the enlarged images. Arrow heads point to co-localization or accumulation of eGFP-gephyrin and WT or variants. Scale bars refer to 10 m. Quantitative analysis of eGFP-gephyrin in whole cell fraction and surface fractions ( = 4, four independent experiments) of co-expressed GlyR 1 together with WT (red bar) or GlyR variants (black bars) and eGFP-gephyrin. Representative Western blots of whole cell and surface fractions from transfected HEK-293 cells. eGFP-gephyrin (geph) is detected at the appropriate molecular weight of 93 kDa, Pan-cadherin (Pan-Cad) served as loading control for surface fraction (130 kDa) and GAPDH served as loading control for whole cell fraction (30 kDa). Level of significance * < 0.05. | yes |
PMC6074050 | Figure_3 | oa_package/26/3d/PMC6074050.tar.gz | ['In the proband II:2, light microscopic analysis of the LV from the explanted heart showed myocyte hypertrophy, diffuse interstitial fibrosis, and focal replacement fibrosis (A).', 'Epicardial fat tissue infiltrated focally into the LV myocardium, especially in areas of replacement fibrosis containing clusters of degenerating myocytes with myofibrillar loss (A).', 'The RV showed increased interstitial fibrosis and mild fatty infiltration (B).'] | FIGURE 3 Cardiac Tissue Analysis of Truncation Variant Carrier From Family DNFDC057 (II:2) Trichrome staining of the left ventricle shows subepicardial interstitial and focal replacement fibrosis and fatty infiltration in areas containing degenerating cardiac myocytes. Scale bar = 200 m. Fatty infiltration and mild fibrosis are seen in the right ventricle. Scale bar = 100 m. | yes |
PMC9544116 | Figure_2 | oa_package/1d/f6/PMC9544116.tar.gz | [] | FIGURE A1 Clinical images used in the study, grouped by diagnosis: Benign conditions: (1) no changes, (2) frictional keratosis, (3) fibroma, (4) geographic tongue, (5) erosive lichen planus, (6) traumatic ulcer. Potentially malignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma, 16 diagnosed by histopathology. | yes |
PMC6588085 | Figure_1 | oa_package/98/b7/PMC6588085.tar.gz | ['Immunohistochemical detection of hAPP in corpus callosum and cortex of young and aged Tg2576 mice (tg) and wild type littermates (wt) as indicated.'] | Figure 1 Immunohistochemical detection of hAPP in corpus callosum and cortex of young and aged Tg2576 mice (tg) and wild type littermates (wt) as indicated. Immunoreactivity for hAPP is absent in wild type brain sections demonstrating the specificity of the 1D1 antibody. Although the majority of the 1D1 labeling arises from neurons, glial structures (arrows) are also hAPPimmunoreactive. This is displayed at higher magnification in the bottom images (arrows) | yes |
PMC9477649 | Figure_1 | oa_package/9c/64/PMC9477649.tar.gz | ['399Selected relevant neuroimaging.'] | Figure 1 Selected relevant neuroimaging. (A) MRV on hospital day four, revealing a non-obstructing thrombus at the junction of the right transverse and sigmoid sinuses (see arrow). (B) MRV on hospital day 10 with interval progression of the thrombus in the right transverse and sigmoid sinuses without flow (see arrow). (C) CT without contrast, showing a large occipital and temporal lobe intraparenchymal hematoma. (D) The different axial cut of the same CT without contrast shows7 mm of midline shift (arrow) and intraventricular extension of the hematoma (arrow). MRV: magnetic resonance venogram; CT: computed tomography; mm: millimeters. | yes |
PMC3015928 | Figure_3 | oa_package/17/02/PMC3015928.tar.gz | ['After contrast went through, a narrow lumen at the point of obstruction with distal decompressed bowel could be seen ().', '.'] | Figure 3. Delayed images showing narrowed duodenal lumen at the level of obstruction (large arrow) with distal decompression (small arrow). | yes |
PMC10373415 | Figure_3 | oa_package/7d/7f/PMC10373415.tar.gz | [' 3).', 'Evaluation of the presence of IA transplanted mRNA-ITGA4 transfected or control (na ve) hBM-MSCs in the rat brain subjected to focal brain damage using MRI scan assessment.', 'Reprinted from [162]Another strategy to increase the transmigration of cells into brain tissue after intravascular infusion is to modify stem cells with factors that enhance chemokine receptor expression.'] | Fig. 3 Evaluation of the presence of IA transplanted mRNA-ITGA4 transfected or control (nave) hBM-MSCs in the rat brain subjected to focal brain damage using MRI scan assessment. mRNA-ITGA4 transfected and control hBM-MSCs labelled with Molday ION were visible in MRI in T2 and T2* scans up to three days after transplantation (tx). The box-plot graph shows the percentage of right hemisphere occupied by hypo-intensive signal generated by transplanted mRNA-ITGA4 transfected (red boxes) or Control hBM-MSCs (violet boxes). The type III fixed effects test was used to determine statistical significance, and the LMS method was applied to compare between groups and time points. Box charts present the dispersion and the shape of the data distribution for the test value in the compared populations. The length of the bars is equal to the quarter range (Q1Q3) of the data, the tips of the mustaches indicate the minimum and maximum values, the line inside of the bar determines the median, while the circle/plus the arithmetic mean, the outliers are presented in the form of circles/pluses; *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 (n=6). Reprinted from [ ] | yes |
PMC2628064 | Figure_1 | oa_package/5b/00/PMC2628064.tar.gz | ['A brain MRI showed diffuse white matter and ischemic changes in bilateral deep parietal area, and a focal signal intensity increase in the left dentate nucleus of cerebellum ().', "1KleinCJBoesCJChapinJELynchCDCampeauNGDyckPJAdult polyglucosan body disease: case description of an expanding genetic and clinical syndromeMuscle Nerve200429323328147555012SindernEZiemssenFZiemssenTPodskarbiTShinYBraschFAdult polyglucosan body disease: a postmortem correlation studyNeurology200361263265128744163MildePGuccionJGKellyJLocatelliEJonesRVAdult polyglucosan body diseaseArch Pathol Lab Med2001125519522112606274RobertsonNPWhartonSAndersonJScoldingNJAdult polyglucosan body disease associated with an extrapyramidal syndromeJ Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry19986578879098109605TrivediJRWolfeGINationsSPBurnsDKBryanWWDeweyRBAdult polyglucosan body disease associated with lewy bodies and tremorArch Neurol200360764766127561426KleinCMBoschEPDyckPJProbable adult polyglucosan body diseaseMayo Clin Proc20007513271331111268447RobitailleYCarpenterSKarpatiGDiMauroSDA distinct form of adult polyglucosan body disease with massive involvement of central and peripheral neuronal processes and astrocytes: a report of four cases and a review of the occurrence of polyglucosan bodies in other conditions such as Lafora's disease and normal ageingBrain19801033153366249438Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed diffuse white matter ischemic changes in bilateral deep parietal area (A and B), and focal increased signal intensity at left side dentate nucleus of cerebellum (C)."] | Fig. 1 Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed diffuse white matter ischemic changes in bilateral deep parietal area (A and B), and focal increased signal intensity at left side dentate nucleus of cerebellum (C). | yes |
PMC6906162 | Figure_1 | oa_package/44/2b/PMC6906162.tar.gz | ['The entire process of staining and image acquisition is shown in Supplementary .', ' shows a comparison between MAD (B) and CC (C).', 'We utilized the same thresholds in MAD and CC analysis, shows roughly a 3-fold increase in percent positivity using CC compared to MAD.', 'Comparison of Cellular Classification and Marker Area Detection.', 'We tested the ability of MAD and CC, with thresholds to determine low/medium/high intensity staining, for differentiating hypoxic regions within tissue ().', 'The number of cells detected as positive varies from 20% to 40% of the total cells detected in the viable tissue (D), creating a challenge in choosing an appropriate threshold for robust analysis.'] | Figure 1 Comparison of Cellular Classification and Marker Area Detection. Immunofluorescent staining with DAPI in blue, Hoechst in red, and EF5 in green. MAD with low (yellow), medium (orange), and high (red) hypoxic areas. CC with the same overlay classification as previously used for MAD. Comparison of percent positive scores for each EF5 intensity grouping in CC compared to MAD. | yes |
PMC11465996 | Figure_6 | oa_package/c6/f4/PMC11465996.tar.gz | [':\nIn Vivo toxicity assay and histological analysis after FINPs injection in rats.', 'As shown in A and B, the time-serial body weight of rat injected FINPs at various doses are presented.', 'There was no significant difference in hematological parameters between the experimental group and the control group (C E).', 'Pathological examination of the main organs of the rats in the experimental group shows no inflammation (F).'] | Figure 6: toxicity assay and histological analysis after FINPs injection in rats. (a) Male rats injected with FINPs at different concentrations and saline during the 7-day experimental period. (b) Female rats injected with FINPs at different concentrations and saline during the 7-day experimental period. (c)(e) Blood analysis of rats 7days after injection of FINPs and saline. (f) Representative H&E stained images of major organs collected from rats sacrificed at 7days after injection of FINPs and saline (magnification: 200). | yes |
PMC6112230 | Figure_1 | oa_package/cd/00/PMC6112230.tar.gz | ['Radiographs demonstrate the size and shape of the fibular head (), and magnetic resonance imaging may show an anomalous insertion or tearing of the biceps femoris.', 'Anteroposterior (A) and lateral (B) radiographs of the left knee showing a prominent fibular head (outlined in red).'] | Fig 1 Anteroposterior (A) and lateral (B) radiographs of the left knee showing a prominent fibular head (outlined in red). This is one etiology of snapping biceps syndrome. When the knee goes into deep flexion, the biceps tendon can subluxate over the prominence. | yes |
PMC9701876 | Figure_2 | oa_package/fc/85/PMC9701876.tar.gz | [] | FIGURE 2 Targeted treatment design for patient to reach all involved areas by nodules and inject corticosteroid efficiently | yes |
PMC4671147 | Figure_8 | oa_package/3b/8e/PMC4671147.tar.gz | ['To validate the cytokine PCR array data, we determined protein levels of CXCL16 and Spp1 in lung tissue, using ELISA, and found increased expression of these proteins in the lungs of bleomycin-treated WT mice, but not in the lungs of bleomycin-treated STC1 Tg mice ().', 'org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="srep18117-f7"/>Transgenic overexpression of STC1 inhibits bleomycin-induced expression of CXCL16 and Spp1.'] | Figure 8 Transgenic overexpression of STC1 inhibits bleomycin-induced expression of CXCL16 and Spp1. WT or STC1 Tg mice were treated with either saline or BLM for one week. Lungs were harvested, homogenized, protein lysates were assayed for CXCL16 and Spp1 using ELISA. Bar graphs depict the means+ SEM (n=3). | yes |
PMC7578749 | Figure_4 | oa_package/6a/2f/PMC7578749.tar.gz | ['Electron microscopy revealed the abnormal morphologies of mitochondria as impaired cristae organization and the appearance of abnormal components in p32 / CD51 TNCs (s 4A and S5A), although there was no difference in the mitochondrial mass or membrane potential measured by flow cytometry with MitoTracker Green FM and tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester, respectively (s S5B and S5C).', 'As a result, p32 / CD51 TNCs exhibited a lower OCR and higher ECAR compared with controls (s 4B and 4C).', 'In addition, an inhibitor of mitochondrial translation, CAM, exerted inhibitory effects on erythroid and B-lymphoid differentiation of CD51 TNCs, and rotenone and antimycin-A, inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and oligomycin, an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthase, exerted the same effects on CD51 TNC differentiation (s 4E and 4F) (Sasaki et al.', '05), we identified several metabolites that showed differential abundance in p32 / CD51 TNCs (s 4G and S5D).', ', 2018), intermediate metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, including citrate and isocitrate, were decreased in p32 / CD51 TNCs ( 4H).', ', 2011), also exerted inhibitory effects on erythroid and B-lymphoid differentiation of CD51 TNCs ( 4I).', ' 4p32/C1qbp Regulates Mitochondrial OXPHOS in CD51 TNCs(A) Electron microscopic images of sorted CD51 TNCs.', 'Our electron microscopic analysis showed that CD51 TNCs possessed abundant mitochondria and ribosomes unlike other hematopoietic cells ( 4A).'] | Figure3 Mitoribosomes are Essential for CD45 Erythroid and B-Lymphoid Progenitor Differentiation (A and B) Representative flow cytometry plots of CD44 CD51 and CD44 CD51 cells among CD31/CD45/Ter119 triple-negative cells (TNCs) in enzymatically digested bone marrow. Histograms of p32 (B) expression in CD44 CD51 and CD44 CD51 cells among TNCs. The IgG isotype control is shown as a dotted line. (C) Histograms of CD44 expression in CD51 TNCs. Results are shown as the mean fluorescence intensitySD. (D) Sorted CD51 TNCs from WT and p32cKO mice were plated at low densities (1000 cells/well) in methylcellulose (Stem Cell Technologies, Cat#: M3334 [CFU-E] Cat#: 3630 [CFU pre-B+ 25ng/mL SCF]). Erythroid and B-lymphoid colonies were enumerated at day 2 and day 5. (E) Quantification of Ter119 (erythroid) and B220 (B-lymphoid) cells that were differentiated from sorted CD51 TNCs of WT and p32cKO mice seeded in liquid culture with cytokines (stem cell factor, IL-3, IL-6, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin) under normoxia for 48hr. Cell numbers in each population were normalized as the percentage of total cells plated per well (% of cells plated). (F) FACS analysis of cell death in CD44 CD51 TNCs, and CD44 CD51 TNCs (left). The rates of the population of Annexin V /Propidium Iodide are indicated (right). In (CF) data are shown as means SD. p< 0.05 versus WT mice. Data are representative at least three (AF) independent experiments. See also . | yes |
PMC5136556 | Figure_5 | oa_package/59/4c/PMC5136556.tar.gz | ['Monocytic cells retain their viability and phagocytic activity within native A deposits ex vivo.'] | Figure 5 The incubation of monocytic cells with native A deposits in hippocampal sections obtained from aged APdE9 mice did not affect cell viability ( , = 8). Monocytic cells also retained their characteristics as phagocytes since no difference in the percentage of CD68 expressing cells ( , = 6) or the expression level of CD68 (mean fluorescent intensity (MFI)) in single cells were observed ( , = 6). This was analyzed by flow cytometry after collecting the cells incubated on top of control (wt) and native A (APdE9) mouse hippocampal sections . Monocytic cells phagocytosed both diffuse and hard A plaques . Monocytic cells gathered around vascular A plaques but were not observed to phagocytose them despite of high cell concentration . Scale bar 20 m , 500 m . | yes |
PMC7460128 | Figure_7 | oa_package/ae/37/PMC7460128.tar.gz | ['Mild to severe nonsuppurative encephalitis mainly affects the brainstem [28,75,76,78,81,84,85,86,87] ().', 'Nonsuppurative brainstem encephalitis.'] | Figure 7 Nonsuppurative brainstem encephalitis. ( ) Dog, mild lymphohistiocytic perivascular and parenchymal infiltrates, neuron with intranuclear inclusion bodies, Cowdry type A (inset, arrow). ( ) Cat, moderate perivascular infiltration and microgliosis (arrow), H.E. (Courtesy: Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt, Munich). | yes |
PMC3843339 | Figure_8 | oa_package/a6/38/PMC3843339.tar.gz | ['(A) Basal cell carcinoma on face, seen as pigmented nodular lesion with rolled-up margins.'] | Figure 8 (A) Basal cell carcinoma on face, seen as pigmented nodular lesion with rolled-up margins. (B) HRUS shows irregular, hypoechoic, heterogeneous lesion in the dermis, with posterior shadowing and intralesional vessels on Color Doppler | yes |
PMC6190544 | Figure_13 | oa_package/3f/5d/PMC6190544.tar.gz | [] | Fig. 13 A 30-year-old woman presented with a tender right iliac fossa mass of 4months duration. The mass was fixed and hard. POCUS ( ) using a high-frequency linear probe showed matted thickened inflamed small bowel (arrowheads) and regional lymph nodes (yellow arrow). Abdominal CT scan with intravenous contrast ( ) confirmed the presence of the thickened bowel (arrowheads) and the enlarged lymph nodes (yellow arrow). There was an ileo-psoas abscess (white arrow). Biopsies through a colonoscopy and an interferon test were non-conclusive. The patient was started on anti-tuberculous treatment as a therapeutic diagnosis | yes |
PMC6335592 | Figure_10 | oa_package/00/0c/PMC6335592.tar.gz | [] | Fig. 10 Screenshot of the planning procedure with the intra-operative, CT-based navigation. | yes |
PMC3328474 | Figure_4 | oa_package/7d/e2/PMC3328474.tar.gz | ['01; A, B).', '01; C).', '01; D), but lower concentrations (0.', 'g004Effects of trypsin pre-incubation, heparin and EGTA on the adhesion of P.'] | 10.1371/journal.pone.0034509.g004 | yes |
PMC4981304 | Figure_1 | oa_package/47/49/PMC4981304.tar.gz | ['8 underwent endovascular embolization of an initially identified gastroduodenal pseudoaneurysm (), other patients opted for regular monitoring.', 'g001Initial CT scans (patient No.'] | 10.1371/journal.pone.0161182.g001 | yes |
PMC9320164 | Figure_4 | oa_package/1f/2e/PMC9320164.tar.gz | ['In PECS II, the medial distribution increases the extent of the lateral thoracic wall block mainly supplied by the long thoracic nerve and dorsal thoracic nerve, involving the axillary fossa, subclavian region, and deltoid muscle ().', 'Ultrasound transducer positioning of the PECS I (A) and PECS II (B) blocks and sonoanatomy of the PECS blocks (C).'] | Figure 4 Ultrasound transducer positioning of the PECS I ( ) and PECS II ( ) blocks and sonoanatomy of the PECS blocks ( ). | yes |
PMC10221954 | Figure_4 | oa_package/32/0b/PMC10221954.tar.gz | [' shows two representative samples of annotations (yellow regions), heatmaps predicted by the unannotated two-way classifier, and the heatmap produced by the annotated three-way classifier.', 'Representative H E slides from TCGA test set and their predicted heatmaps.'] | Fig. 4 Representative H&E slides from TCGA test set and their predicted heatmaps. Left column slides along with indicated ROIs. Middle panel: Two-way unannotated classifier heatmaps. Right panel: Three-way annotated classifier heatmaps. | yes |
PMC10602148 | Figure_6 | oa_package/3e/c9/PMC10602148.tar.gz | ['We analyzed Syn immunoreactivity in DA neurons of the SNpc, labeling TH + neurons (red) and phospho-serine-129 Syn (pSer-129, green) by double immunofluorescence (A N).', '0001, A, C D O), indicating the accumulation of pathological Syn in individual DA neurons.', '0001, B, F H O).', 'We did not detect pSer129 Syn immunoreactivity in the contralateral SNpc of AAV-A53T- Syn injected mice treated with saline (A I K) or with 2a (', 'Notably, the increase in functions of the retromer complex was associated with a robust reduction of pathological pSer129- Syn in DA neurons of the SNpc (), as well as rescues in soluble and insoluble total Syn accumulation (', 'We now demonstrate that retromer stabilization by 2a in the AAV-A53T- Syn PD mouse model promotes the clearance of pathological misfolded aggregates of Syn, ( and ) and protects DA neurons from degeneration.', 'Treatment with 2a protects DA neurons and rescues Syn accumulation in the SNpc of AAV-A53T- Syn injected mice:A-N) Immunofluorescence in representative SN sections following double labeling of TH-positive neurons (red) and phospho-Ser129 Syn (pSer-129, green) in AAV-A53T- Syn injected mice (n=7 8 mice per group) treated with daily IP injections of saline or 2a at 10 mg/Kg for 100 days; A-B) whole SN section of AV-A53T- Syn injected mice treated with saline (A) or 2a (B), scale bar is 1 mm; C-H) double immunolabeling of TH-positive neurons and pSer-129 ipsilateral SN of AV-A53T- Syn injected mice treated with saline (C-E) or 2a (F-H), magnification 120X and scale bar is 40 mm.'] | Figure 6 Treatment with 2a protects DA neurons and rescues Syn accumulation in the SNpc of AAV-A53T-Syn injected mice: A-N) Immunofluorescence in representative SN sections following double labeling of TH-positive neurons (red) and phospho-Ser129 Syn (pSer-129, green) in AAV-A53T-Syn injected mice (n=78 mice per group) treated with daily IP injections of saline or 2a at 10 mg/Kg for 100 days; A-B) whole SN section of AV-A53T-Syn injected mice treated with saline (A) or 2a (B), scale bar is 1 mm; C-H) double immunolabeling of TH-positive neurons and pSer-129 ipsilateral SN of AV-A53T-Syn injected mice treated with saline (C-E) or 2a (F-H), magnification 120X and scale bar is 40 mm. O). Quantification of average pSer-129 Syn fluorescence intensity in ipsilateral DA neurons in the SNpc of AAV-empty or AAV-A53T-Syn injected mice treated with saline (white) or 2a (gray). Significance determined by ANOVA. Error bars represent mean SD. | yes |
PMC6946346 | Figure_5 | oa_package/46/12/PMC6946346.tar.gz | ['A 26-cm polycystic ovarian mass with areas containing mucin (white arrows).'] | Figure 5 A 26-cm polycystic ovarian mass with areas containing mucin (white arrows). | yes |
PMC11059464 | Figure_11 | oa_package/4a/eb/PMC11059464.tar.gz | [] | Figure 11. Schematization of the structures of the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis at the level of the nasolabial line. The connective structure appeared different at different depths. The structure of the upper lip was described in . At the level of the cheek, superficially the connective fibers were oriented parallel to the skin. A more elastic structure was noted between the superficial and deep fat compartments, a connecting structure between different layers. In depth, the connective fibers had an orthogonal arrangement, anchoring the fat pads to the underlying structures. | yes |
PMC8698479 | Figure_4 | oa_package/62/45/PMC8698479.tar.gz | ['Twenty-four hours after exposure, disturbance of stereocilial morphology was observed mainly in outer hair cells located in the regions coding the frequencies from 4 to 16 kHz that matched the changes in the DPOAE (C,D), compared to a normal appearance of the hair cell bundles in control unexposed cochleae (A,B).', 'The bundle disruption did not recover until 15 days after exposure (E,F).', 'In addition, a few IHCs also showed fused stereocilia (D,F).', 'before, H).', 'before, G).', 'By contrast, no significant loss of IHCs and OHCs was observed in either control unexposed or noise-exposed mice (I,J).', 'Alteration of the OHC stereocilia A, C and E: Representative scanning electron microscopy from different coding regions of cochleae (6 8 kHz, 8 16 kHz, 16 25 kHz) from control (A), 24 h (C), and 2 weeks (E) after exposure.'] | Figure 4 Alteration of the OHC stereocilia A, C and E: Representative scanning electron microscopy from different coding regions of cochleae (68 kHz, 816 kHz, 1625 kHz) from control ( ), 24 h ( ), and 2 weeks ( ) after exposure. ( , , ): Higher-magnification images of representative hair bundles of the OHCs located in the region coding 816 kHz. Yellow and white asterisks indicate disrupted and fragmented hair bundles of the OHCs and loss of OHC, respectively. Red asterisks pinpoint fused stereocilia of the IHCs. Scale bars:15 m. ( ): Cytocochleograms representing the percentage of fused IHCs ( ) disrupted and fused OHCs ( ), missing IHCs ( ), and missing OHCs ( ) in different coding regions (68, 816, 1625 kHz) from control (blue bars), 30 min (red bars), 24 h (orange bars) and 2 weeks (green bars) after exposure. Data are expressed as mean SEM ( = 6 to 12 cochleae per age and genotype). One-way ANOVA test was followed by Dunns test. * 0.05, *** 0.001, vs. control. | yes |
PMC4420970 | Figure_2 | oa_package/fa/0f/PMC4420970.tar.gz | ['Examples of models of congenital defects from this study are provided in figure 2.'] | Figure2 Examples of models produced for the study: (A) patient with hypoplastic transverse aortic arch; (B) patient with aortic coarctation; (C) pulmonary anatomy of a patient being assessed for percutaneous pulmonary valve intervention, showing a hypoplastic right pulmonary artery, the left pulmonary artery and the right ventricular outflow tract and (D) patient with repaired tetralogy of Fallot presenting with dilated right ventricle. In all cases, the red star(s) indicate(s) the lesion(s) being discussed. Models not to scale. | yes |
PMC5052862 | Figure_1 | oa_package/98/c1/PMC5052862.tar.gz | ['No parenchymal lesion or bony deformity was seen in the brain ().', 'REFERENCES1JovanovicMBilateral spontaneous crystalline lens dislocation to the anterior chamber: a case reportSrp Arh Celok Lek20131418002245021012KanskiJBowlingBNischalKKPearsonAClinical ophthalmology: a systematic approachNew YorkElsevier/Saunders20113PopRSpontaneous luxation of the crystalline lens into the anterior chamber (a clinical case report)Oftalmologia19923661315206724SolerVJLerayBPost-traumatic lens dislocation presenting as an eclipse in a patient demonstrating monocular blindness secondary to post-traumatic glaucomaJ Fr Ophtalmol201437423246800365Miraldi UtzVCoussaRGTraboulsiEISurgical management of lens subluxation in Marfan syndromeJ AAPOS2014181406246986106GaneshASmithCChanWImmunohistochemical evaluation of conjunctival fibrillin-1 in Marfan syndromeArch Ophthalmol20061242059164768907HafidiZBerradiSHandorHRegraguiALezrekMDaoudiRAtypical presentation of ectopia lentis in homocystinuriaJ Pediatr20151661091256628308WentzloffJNKaldawyRMChenTCWeill-Marchesani syndromeJ Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus20064319216761646.'] | Fig. 1. Absence of acute brain parenchymal lesion upon initial computed tomography of the brain. | yes |
PMC8682942 | Figure_2 | oa_package/e8/2f/PMC8682942.tar.gz | ['Left vertical bar shows the p53 status: p53abn (red), subclonal (pink), or normal (dark blue), followed to the right by which cases of the three observers would have ordered p53 IHC (orange) or not ordered (light blue).'] | Figure 2 Left vertical bar shows the p53 status: p53abn (red), subclonal (pink), or normal (dark blue), followed to the right by which cases of the three observers would have ordered p53 IHC (orange) or not ordered (light blue). Note the single p53 abnormal case where IHC was not ordered. The first column illustrates p53 abnormal cases for which p53 IHC was ordered. The cases show hyperchromatic nuclei, multinucleated tumor giant cells, atypical mitoses, macronucleoli, and smudged chromatin. The middle column represents normal p53 cases for which p53 IHC was ordered, where the cases showed similar cytologic features compared to the left column. The right column shows cases with normal p53 for which p53 IHC was not ordered. The nuclear features demonstrate fine, open, or vesicular chromatin. Squamous differentiation may be seen. Degenerative smudged chromatin is a common feature, particularly at the surface of the tumor (lower right image). | yes |
PMC9038983 | Figure_13 | oa_package/cd/62/PMC9038983.tar.gz | [] | Fig. 13 Standardised sampling biopsy map | yes |
PMC6614110 | Figure_3 | oa_package/76/a6/PMC6614110.tar.gz | ['A repeat CT pulmonary angiogram showed interval growth of the pseudoaneurysm and significant necrotic areas of the right lower lung ().', 'Repeat CT angiography showing interval growth of R lower lobe pseudoaneurysm.', 'Ultrasound of chest showing pseudoaneurysm of right lower lobe segmental pulmonary artery with internal flow on color Doppler imaging.'] | Fig. 3 Repeat CT angiography showing interval growth of R lower lobe pseudoaneurysm. | yes |
PMC6820961 | Figure_1 | oa_package/46/74/PMC6820961.tar.gz | ['1a) as well as uneven bladder wall thickening with bladder diverticulum (', '1b and c).', '1d) was detected after the CT image had been analysed carefully, but it was hard to distinguish its origin.', 'a Bilateral hydronephrosis.', 'd A round vague shadow near the bladder outlet\na The enlarged median lobe of the prostate protruding into the urethra and cyst.'] | Fig. 1 Bilateral hydronephrosis. and Uneven bladder wall thickening with bladder diverticulum. A round vague shadow near the bladder outlet | yes |
PMC9902637 | Figure_3 | oa_package/52/02/PMC9902637.tar.gz | ['However, a postoperative chest radiograph revealed that manual repositioning of the Perm catheter was incomplete and the tip remained looped ().', '.'] | Fig. 3. Postoperative chest radiograph showing intraoperative manual repositioning of Perm catheter had resulted in looping of the catheter tip (black arrow). | yes |
PMC4593232 | Figure_2 | oa_package/2a/d8/PMC4593232.tar.gz | [' 2a).', ' 2B, patients with AA genotype at rs10953316 showed low MUC17 levels in their endometrium, patients with GA genotype showed moderate levels, and strong staining could be found in patients with GG genotype.', 'Influence of rs10953316 SNP on MUC17 mRNA structure and protein expression.', 'Specific staining can be detected at the edges of endometrium (arrows)DiscussionIn this study, we showed molecular evidence that the A allele of rs10953316 in MUC17 may function as a protective factor in endometriosis development.', ' 2).'] | Fig. 2 Influence of rs10953316 SNP on MUC17 mRNA structure and protein expression. ( ) Partial mRNA structure of wild-type and rs10953316 SNP in were predicted by MaxExpect. Symbol *indicates the reference allele G and minor allele A sites of the rs10953316 SNP. ( ) Immunohistochemistry against MUC17 was performed on endometrial tissues in patients. Representative staining results in patients with GG ( ), AG ( ), and AA ( ) genotypes at rs10953316 SNP site are shown. Specific staining can be detected at the edges of endometrium (arrows) | yes |
PMC10413550 | Figure_1 | oa_package/ea/9e/PMC10413550.tar.gz | [] | Figure1 Preoperative coronal MRI of precontrast T2WI , precontrast T1WI , and enhanced T1WI . Postoperative coronal MRI of precontrast T2WI and precontrast T1WI . | yes |
PMC5582693 | Figure_11 | oa_package/11/46/PMC5582693.tar.gz | [] | Figure 11. Ultrasound of the normal adductor tendon (arrow) insertion onto the pubic tubercle (P) in the long axis. Note the muscle bellies of the adductor longus (L) and brevis (B). | yes |
PMC11570109 | Figure_2 | oa_package/66/98/PMC11570109.tar.gz | ['An abdominal MRI was performed to characterize the hepatic lesions: one lesion was consistent with HCC and the second was metastatic from mucinous which was visible previously on imaging at the time of diagnosis of colon cancer ().', 'Two segment II hepatic lesions: the larger lesion is consistent with clear cell variant hepatocellular carcinoma and the second, more cranial lesion, is likely metastasis from a mucinous adenocarcinoma.'] | Figure 2 Two segment II hepatic lesions: the larger lesion is consistent with clear cell variant hepatocellular carcinoma and the second, more cranial lesion, is likely metastasis from a mucinous adenocarcinoma. | yes |
PMC10525881 | Figure_6 | oa_package/06/37/PMC10525881.tar.gz | ['[9] and below).', 'Anti-VEGF reclosed the barrier relaxed with VEGF (A) to a greater extent than RS (A).', 'Anti-VEGF had no effect on the TNF -relaxed barrier (B), whereas RS completely reclosed it (B).', 'Permeability driven by the combination of TNF and VEGF was largely insensitive to anti-VEGF (C), whereas RS partially reclosed a barrier that had been relaxed by this agonist combination (C).', 'Anti-VEGF reverses only VEGF-mediated barrier relaxation.'] | Figure 6 Anti-VEGF reverses only VEGF-mediated barrier relaxation. Same as , except aflibercept vehicle or aflibercept was used instead of RS. Barriers were relaxed with either ( ) 100 ng/mL VEGF, ( ) 50 ng/mL TNF, or ( ) 100 ng/mL VEGF and 50 ng/mL TNF for 8 h before the addition of either aflibercept vehicle or aflibercept (anti-VEGF). TEER tracings are from a single, representative experiment; the data are the mean SEM of the 4 wells that were used for each experimental condition. The bar graphs under the TEER tracings show the mean SD of the area under the curve (AUC) for the TEER tracing shown above. The AUC was calculated for the time interval from 15 to 20 h. Statistically significant differences between the indicated pairs were determined using the Students -test; * < 0.05; n.s. > 0.05. Three independent experiments showed similar results. | yes |
PMC2270292 | Figure_6 | oa_package/56/95/PMC2270292.tar.gz | ['Muc2 protein was also decreased in intestinal extracts of both Winnie and Eeyore, consistent with decreased production and/or decreased stability of secreted Muc2 (A).', 'Altered Muc2 Protein Expression in Mice with Muc2 Mutations(A) Muc2 proteins from wild-type, Winnie, and Eeyore intestinal extracts were reduced and separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and detected by Western blotting with the mM2.', '2, a Muc2 N-terminal peptide antibody that binds independently of mucin glycosylation) Muc2 is normally confined to the thecae of goblet cells, where the mature glycosylated molecule is stored prior to secretion (B).', 'By contrast, in both Winnie and Eeyore mice, goblet cell thecae were smaller and fewer, and Muc2 was also present within the cytoplasm distinct from thecal structures (B).', 'In wild-type proximal colon, Muc2 was confined to the thecae and was O-glycosylated (DBA lectin-positive; note that DBA lectin also reacted with some other glycoproteins in the glycocalyx and within the cytoplasm [C]).', 'However, in addition, prominent cytoplasmic accumulations of non-O-glycosylated (DBA lectin-negative) Muc2 were seen within well-circumscribed vacuolar structures in virtually all goblet cells, including in some cells lacking clear goblet cell thecae (C).', 'g009"/>Accumulation of nonglycosylated Muc2 precursor (C), altered electrophoretic migration (A), ER vacuolisation (), and the hyperoligomerisation of the Winnie D3 domain () together demonstrate that a proportion (but not all) of Muc2 produced in Winnie and Eeyore goblet cells is inappropriately assembled, accumulates in the ER, and leads to ER vacuolisation, smaller goblet cell thecae, and reduced secretion of mature Muc2.', 'It appears that at some stage of their life cycle these goblet cells cease producing mature mucin, whilst still retaining Muc2 precursor in ER vacuoles (see middle right image of large intestine in C).', ' S5Demonstration of Muc2 Precursor Accumulation in Muc2 Mutant Mice by Confocal Microscopy(A C) Individual colour confocal images of the composite confocal images shown in C.'] | Figure 6 Altered Muc2 Protein Expression in Mice with Mutations (A) Muc2 proteins from wild-type, , and intestinal extracts were reduced and separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and detected by Western blotting with the mM2.2 antibody. Note the reduced intensity and the altered electrophoretic migration in the mutant proteins. (B) Cellular localization of Muc2 in wild-type and colon tissue determined by immunohistochemistry with affinity purified mM2.2 antibody. Note the decreased size of goblet cell thecae and cytoplasmic Muc2 staining outside thecae in ; scale bars = 25 m. (C) Confocal microscopy of wild-type and goblet cells from the proximal colon and small intestine showing vacuolar accumulation of Muc2 (red) lacking O-linked sugars identified with the DBA lectin (green) in only. Goblet cell thecae appear yellow due to merging of the red Muc2 core peptide with the green O-linked sugar. Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars as marked. Single colour images of these composites are provided in A C. | yes |
PMC6920437 | Figure_1 | oa_package/8a/4c/PMC6920437.tar.gz | ['0-cm hemorrhagic mass in the left temporo-parietal region with surrounding moderate vasogenic edema with mass effect on the left lateral ventricle [A].', 'This was better characterized by subsequent MRI [C], showing its hemorrhagic nature as well as multiple other sub-centimeter cerebral metastases.', 'Abdominal CT showed multiple liver metastases [B].', 'The uterus did not show significant hypermetabolism on PET/CT [D], and a recent outpatient D C revealed benign polyps.', 'Patient imaging.', 'A chest CT showed a mass in the GE junction involving the distal esophagus and the proximal stomach [E].'] | Fig. 1 Patient imaging. | yes |
PMC9755302 | Figure_5 | oa_package/f1/15/PMC9755302.tar.gz | ['Urine cytology, cystoscopy, and surgical pathologyUrine samples for cytology were collected prior to cystoscopy and were directly sent to the pathology department in the same institution.'] | Figure 5 Magnetic resonance images of the extravesical tissue-invasive bladder cancer ( ) T2-weighted image in the left posterolateral aspect of the bladder wall showing a bladder cancer invading underneath the hypointense detrusor lining to the extravesical fat tissue. ( ) Dynamic contrast-enhanced image showing the enhancement of the lesion, invading the extravesical fat layer. ( ) Diffusion-weighted imaging native image and ( ) apparent diffusion coefficient map showing highly restricted diffusion of the mass with low signal intensity. There is an invasion of the entire bladder wall and extravesical fat. The multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging patterns are consistent with the extravesical tissue invasion of bladder cancer. | yes |
PMC9691811 | Figure_2 | oa_package/c4/a3/PMC9691811.tar.gz | ['Thyroid ultrasonography was done next, which revealed a general heterogeneous echotexture with parenchymal hypoechogenicity consistent with thyroiditis (figure 2).', 'Thyroid ultrasound scan revealing a gland with heterogeneous echotexture with diffuse hypo-echogenicity in bilateral lobes consistent with thyroiditis.'] | Figure 2 Thyroid ultrasound scan revealing a gland with heterogeneous echotexture with diffuse hypo-echogenicity in bilateral lobes consistent with thyroiditis. | yes |
PMC7433935 | Figure_5 | oa_package/52/07/PMC7433935.tar.gz | ['Similar to height, width of the septa was measured at five different points and the final average of the five values was considered and documented [].'] | Figure 5 Measurement of the width of septa in five different areas | yes |
PMC4651348 | Figure_13 | oa_package/e4/fe/PMC4651348.tar.gz | [] | 10.1371/journal.pone.0141357.g013 | yes |
PMC5557531 | Figure_1 | oa_package/5c/5e/PMC5557531.tar.gz | ['1).', '1a), the AUC values lie between 0.', '1b), the AUC values lie between 0.', 'Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves for a HBV and b HCV summarising the six models under consideration for improving prediction for imbalanced data.', 'The models are: Downsize = simple downsizing; Downsize RF = simple downsizing with random forest variable selection; MDS = multiple downsizing; MDS RF = multiple downsizing with random forest variable selection; SMOTE = Synthetic Minority Oversampling; SMOTE RF = Synthetic Minority Oversampling with random forest variable selection\nKey predictor variables and clinical impactThe clinical question of which variables are the most important for predicting positive immunoassay results for HBV and HCV is scattered due to the large number of datasets that arise from downsizing, and the multiple datasets generated under SMOTE that provided the replication needed for the analysis of variance.'] | Fig. 1 Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves for HBV and HCV summarising the six models under consideration for improving prediction for imbalanced data. The models are: Downsize=simple downsizing; Downsize RF=simple downsizing with random forest variable selection; MDS=multiple downsizing; MDS RF=multiple downsizing with random forest variable selection; SMOTE=Synthetic Minority Oversampling; SMOTE RF=Synthetic Minority Oversampling with random forest variable selection | yes |
PMC3781448 | Figure_4 | oa_package/93/4a/PMC3781448.tar.gz | ['Both NKX6 1 (A and B) and NKX2 2 (', '4D and E) proteins and mRNA (C and F, respectively) were severely affected in HFS monkeys.', 'Islets with the fewest number of -cells had greatly diminished nuclear NKX6 1 expression, with a gradient of decreased expression of NKX6 1 in -cells of different HFS monkeys (A, bottom panel).', 'Similarly, the mRNA levels of PDX1, a transcription factor necessary for pancreatic development and -cell maturation (29), were also significantly downregulated in HFS monkeys (G).', 'Resveratrol protected human islets from HFS-induced changes in morphology and loss of -cell specific transcription factors.'] | FIG. 4. Decreased nuclear expression of NKX61, NKX22, and PDX1 after an HFS diet. : Immunostaining for insulin (green), glucagon (blue), and NKX61 (red) in monkeys after 24 months on the indicated diet. The islets from different HFS monkeys are shown in order of declining -cell numbers ( ); the red arrows indicate depletion of nuclear NKX61 in insulin-expressing cells. Scale bar = 20 m. and : Quantitation of signal intensity ( ) and mRNA levels ( ) for NKX61. Data are shown as the mean SEM. * < 0.05. : Immunostaining for insulin (green), glucagon (blue), and NKX22 (red) in islets of monkeys after 24 months on SD ( ), HFS diet ( ), or HFS+Resv diet ( ). Scale bar = 20 m. and : Quantitation of signal intensity ( ) and mRNA levels ( ) for NKX22. Data are shown as the mean SEM. * < 0.05. : Quantitation of mRNA levels for . Data are shown as the mean SEM. * < 0.05. | yes |
PMC4028530 | Figure_3 | oa_package/d3/c7/PMC4028530.tar.gz | ['3-cm parathyroid carcinoma with fibrous bands, numerous mitoses, nuclear pleomorphisms, and foci of capsular invasion ().', 'Histological findings.'] | Figure 3 Histological findings. (A) Lobules of parathyroid tissue are separated by fibrous bands (H&E, 40). (B) The cancer cells invading the capsule are stained blue (H&E, 40). (C) Capsular invasion of malignant cells (H&E, 400). (D) Several highly mitotic cells in a high-power field (H&E, 400). | yes |
PMC5442854 | Figure_7 | oa_package/51/b6/PMC5442854.tar.gz | [' 7).', 'A simultaneous video recording reveals the position of the hand-piece in relation to the specimen and the generated spectra and demonstrates good correlation with the recognition software compared to macroscopic findings\nIntraoperative iKnife - proof of principleThe iKnife was used during the entire surgical intervention in six case studies as a proof of principle of the intraoperative method.'] | Fig. 7 Ex-vivo validation case study. An electrosurgical hand-piece was moved through the mastectomy specimen in mode from normal breast tissue, into tumour and out through normal tissue. A simultaneous video recording reveals the position of the hand-piece in relation to the specimen and the generated spectra and demonstrates good correlation with the recognition software compared to macroscopic findings | yes |
PMC3152345 | Figure_6 | oa_package/c9/79/PMC3152345.tar.gz | ['We incubated GST-SC35 with Dyrk1A in vitro and found that GST-SC35, but not GST, was phosphorylated by Dyrk1A in an enzyme concentration-dependent manner (A and B).', '.', 'We found that Dyrk1A, but not Dyrk1AK188R, a dead enzyme, suppressed SC35 s activity to promote tau exon 10 inclusion (C).', 'We observed that transfection of Dyrk1A siRNA enhanced the SC35 promoted tau exon 10 inclusion dose dependently (D).', 'We found that transfection with Dyrk1A siRNA significantly increased 4R-tau expression in the both cells (E), suggesting that Dyrk1A also suppresses exon 10 inclusion of endogenous tau.'] | Figure 6. Dyrk1A phosphorylates SC35 and suppresses SC35 promoted tau exon 10 inclusion. ) autoradiography of SC35 phosphorylation by Dyrk1A . Recombinant GST-SC35 was incubated with various concentrations of Dyrk1A indicated above each lane for 30min at 30C and separated by SDSPAGE and visualized with Coomassie blue staining (lower panel). The last lane is Dyrk1A alone, without GST-SC35. After drying the gel, the P incorporated into SC35 was measured by using a phosphorimaging device (BAS-1500, Fuji) (upper panel). ( ) The incorporated P into SC35 was by different concentration of Dyrk1A. ( ) Dyrk1A, but not Dyrk1A inhibited tau exon 10 inclusion promoted by SC35. pcDNA/Dyrk1A or pcDNA/Dyrk1A was transfected only or together with SC35 into HEK-293T. Total RNA was subjected to RTPCR for measurement of tau exon 10 splicing after 36h transfection. ( ) siRNA of Dyrk1A enhanced SC35-promoted tau exon 10 inclusion. pCEP4/SC35 was co-transfected with various concentration of siRNA of Dyrk1A into pCI/SI9SI10 transfected HEK-293FT cells for 48h, and the products of tau exon 10 splicing were measured by RTPCR. ( ) siRNA of Dyrk1A promoted 4R-tau expression. N2a or SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with Dyrk1A siRNA for 48h, and then 3R-tau and 4R-tau were measured by RTPCR. The same amount of scramble siRNA was used for controls. * <0.05; ** <0.01. | yes |
PMC3502138 | Figure_5 | oa_package/19/66/PMC3502138.tar.gz | ['Axon profiles being myelinated by oligodendrocytes.'] | Figure 5 ( ) Oligodendrocytes encircling and myelinating axon profiles were frequently noticed in the CC (arrow). Scale bar corresponds to 250 nm. ( ) The number of axonal profiles being myelinated in the CC was identical in all four groups ( =0.063). Each dot denotes the total number in one animal. The horizontal bar marks mean values and the whiskers represent SD. | yes |
PMC11465996 | Figure_5 | oa_package/c6/f4/PMC11465996.tar.gz | [':FINPs enhanced NIR-PAM and OCT imaging in CNV model rats.'] | Figure 5: FINPs enhanced NIR-PAM and OCT imaging in CNV model rats. (a)(d) OCT, VIS-PAM, pre-NIR-PAM, and post-NIR-PAM and B-scan image of rat fundus with nanoparticle injection. (e) The NIR-PAM signal amplitudes were enhanced 236.6% from 0.363 (a.u.) to 0.859 (a.u.) at 3minafter injection. (f) ImageJ software to quantitatively analyze the laser-induced area. | yes |
PMC8354305 | Figure_10 | oa_package/6d/66/PMC8354305.tar.gz | [] | Fig. 10 ad Microscopic sections of the corpus callosum genu. a H&E section of destructive hemorrhagic white matter lesion. b H&E section with white matter pallor adjacent to hemorrhagic lesion with GFAP immunoreactive reactive astrocytes evenly distributed in the white matter (inset) c CD68 immunostaining highlights a collection of macrophages at the periphery of the hemorrhagic lesion and a macrophage within an area of white matter pallor. d APP immunostain identifies axonal swellings within the hemorrhagic lesion and an absence of damaged axons within adjacent region of demyelination. e, f LFB/PAS stain distinguishes the focal area of myelin loss within the hemorrhagic lesion and adjacent PAS-positive foamy macrophages tracking along blood vessels and (f) higher magnification of the perivascular macrophages. Reproduced/adapted from Reichard et al. (open access article), with permission from Springer Nature | yes |
PMC5476467 | Figure_3 | oa_package/e0/c2/PMC5476467.tar.gz | ['Respiration triggered 1H MRS was carried out by means of the Stimulated Echo Acquisition Method (STEAM) with outer volume suppression and a voxel volume of approximately 10 mm3 (placed in the cortex and hippocampus, see A).', '3ImmunohistochemistryIn general, brain tissue of wt mice (A, upper left panel) were free of anti-A positive plaques, while in tg mice (', 'In addition, tg mice revealed an up to 27% decrease of the number of NeuN-positive neuronal cells in the cortex (A, middle right panel and 3B) when compared to wt mice (', '002; at 5 df, A, lower right panel) as indicated by an up to 2.', '5-fold increase of GFAP positive glial cells when compared to wt mice (C).', 'Again, there was no change of GFAP positive cells in the hippocampus in response to the transgenic genotype when compared to wt mice (C).', '(A) Representative immunohistochemical images (scale bar 20 m) of -amyloid-plaques (upper panels), of NeuN positive neurons (middle panels) and of GFAP positive glial cells (lower panels) in the entorhinal cortex of wild type (wt, left panels) and of transgenic (tg, right panels) mouse.', '4DiscussionIn this work, we combined MRI-based morphometry, MRS-based NAA-assessment and histological assessment of neurons, glial cells and amyloid plaque load in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model whereby the brain was not sectioned serially.'] | Fig. 3 (A) Representative immunohistochemical images (scale bar 20m) of -amyloid-plaques (upper panels), of NeuN positive neurons (middle panels) and of GFAP positive glial cells (lower panels) in the entorhinal cortex of wild type (wt, left panels) and of transgenic (tg, right panels) mouse. (B and C) Quantitative analysis of the number of NeuN positive neurons (B) and of GFAP positive glial cells (C) per mm in the cortex and in the hippocampus of wild type (wt) and of transgenic APPswe/PS1dE9 (tg) mice. Values are given as meanSEM; ANOVA on ranks (Mann-Whitney Rank Sum test): * p<0.05 vs. wt. | yes |
PMC8463659 | Figure_2 | oa_package/0e/48/PMC8463659.tar.gz | ['A shows that miR-20b-5p has significantly lower expression in DepC (p 0.', 'B shows that miR-191-5p is significantly lower in DepTBI (p 0.', 'DepC, and C shows that miR-132-3p is significantly increased in DepC (p 0.'] | FIGURE 2 Distribution of Cq Values for Representative MiRNAs in Each Group. Box plots show the distribution of the Cq values for representative miRNAs differentially expressed with respect to ComC in . The plots show that miR-20b-5p is significantly altered in the DepC and DepTBI groups miR-191-5p is significantly altered in the DepTBI group, and miR-132-3p is significantly altered in the DepC group. Significance: ** < 0.01, *** < 0.001 with respect to ComC, < 0.025, < 0.01 with respect to DepC. | yes |
PMC6315112 | Figure_2 | oa_package/5d/1e/PMC6315112.tar.gz | ['We discovered that expression of HttQ128 from the GMR driver induces augmented levels of FlowerLoseB in the adult brain, contrary to the non-pathogenic form, HttQ0 (s 2A and 2B).', 'Surprisingly, levels of FlowerLoseB did not change with ectopic expression of the Parkinson-related peptides -SynA30P and -SynWT (s 2E and 2F).', ' 2Ectopic Expression of HuntingtinQ128, but Not -SynucleinA30P, Induces an Upregulation of the FlowerLoseB Isoform(A and B) Expression of the flowerubi::YFP, flowerLoseA::GFP, flowerLoseB::RFP reporter in the optic lobe of adult flies (A), and quantification (B) of the RFP-positive cells (red) for the following genotypes: GMR lacZ, GMR httQ0, and GMR httQ128.', 'We observed that HttQ128 expression leads to increased cell death in a larval epithelium (eye disc), in opposition to the -SynA30P transgene, which did not lead to significantly increased apoptosis under the same conditions (s 2C, 2D, 2G, and 2H).', 'When overexpressed in the Drosophila brain using GMR-Gal4, A 40 did not alter the levels of the FlowerLoseB reporter (s 2I 2L).'] | Figure1 Expression of Amyloid-42 in the Nervous System Generates Suboptimal Neurons that Upregulate and (A) Schematic illustrating neuronal fitness comparison. Neurons express ubiquitously Flower orFlower at their cellular membrane, but external insults such as a traumatic injury or failing to establish synaptic connections during development can decrease the fitness status of one neuron (or one subpopulation of neurons) that upregulate Flower . We hypothesize that in the course of neurodegeneration induced by -amyloid, neurons enter a period of suboptimality, characterized by a low fitness status and upregulation of the Flower isoform. (B) Representation of the reporter. Each isoform has a different last exon. Based on this particularity, we generated a reporter specific for by introducing the mCherry sequence at the end of the exon specific for this isoform (exon 6). Blue rectangles are exons, the 5 and 3 UTRs are shown in gray, and the red box shows the localization of the mCherry tag (not to scale). (C) Schematic of the reporter that was obtained by fusion PCR. This construct includes 2,430bp of the promoter region, the exon plus 175bp of the 3 end fused to mCherry (in red). The azot coding region is in blue, and UTRs are represented in gray. (D) reporter (red) is strongly upregulated in the optic lobe of A42 (amyloid-42) adults, but not in the optic lobe of or controls of the same age; the nuclear marker DAPI is shown in blue. Scale bar: 10m. The eye of A42 flies shows a strong degenerative phenotype. (E) reporter (red) expressed in the optic lobe of adult flies in the presence of -driven , , or ; DAPI is shown in blue. Scale bar: 10m. (F) Quantification of the percentage of Flower ::mCherry-positive cells in the optic lobes of the indicated genotypes. The number of Flower ::mCherry-positive cells detected for the control group was assumed to be 100%. (G) Schematic of the modified locus. This transgenic line was generated by integration of a knockin construct containing the GFP sequence, under the control of the endogenous promoter, into the knockout locus. The 5 and 3 UTRs of the gene are shown in gray. The vector backbone was conserved in the knockin line ( +, ). The yellow ellipses are sites, and the white hexagons are regions. (H) Quantification of the percentage of Azot::mCherry-positive cells in the optic lobe of the indicated genotypes. The number of Azot::mCherry-positive cells for the control group was assumed to be 100%. (I) Eye imaginal discs of third-instar larva, retina of 40-hr pupa, and adult optic lobes of adults showing immunolabeling for the nuclear marker ELAV (blue) and endogenous GFP signal produced from (green). Arrowheads point to co-localization between ELAV and GFP. Scale bar: 5m. Error bars show SEM. Ns, no significant. p< 0.001. All genotypes are heterozygous. See also and . | yes |
PMC9763194 | Figure_5 | oa_package/08/52/PMC9763194.tar.gz | ['We observed that BMAA induced an increased expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in primary mesencephalic neurons (figure 5A B).', '53 We also observed NF- B activation after BMAA treatment (figure 5C) and the expected increase in pro-IL-1 levels (figure 5A, D).', 'Caspase 1 that cleaves pro-IL-1 was also found to be activated in neurons after BMAA treatment (figure 5E), leading to an increase in mature IL-1 levels (figure 5F).', ' -N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) activates brain neuronal innate immunity in vitro and in vivo.', 'To demonstrate that BMAA treatment selectively induces neuroinflammation through mitochondria-dependent neuronal innate immunity activation, we isolated mice mesencephalon to tackle NLRP3 inflammasome activation and observed that BMAA induced an increased expression of TLR7 and TLR4 receptors in vivo (figure 5G I).', '54 These receptors signal NF- B (figure 5J), which will activate NLRP3 inflammasome.', 'Indeed, we observed an increase in pro-IL-1 levels (figure 5G and K) and the activation of caspase 1 (figure 5L), which allowed the release of the pro-inflammatory IL-1 (figure 5M).', 'While recent studies link the production of IL-17 in the brain with BBB leakage and inflammatory disease progression,55 our mouse model fails to reveal significant increase in mesencephalic levels of IL-17 (figure 5N) or statistically significant alterations in the levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 (figure 5O).', 'We observed the activation of microglia in the SN with enlarged cell bodies and processes visualised with Iba1 (figure 5P Q), and detected increased localisation of Trem2-positive disease-associated microglia (figure 5P R).'] | Figure 5 - -methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) activates brain neuronal innate immunity and . Primary mesencephalic neuronal cultures from naive mice were treated with 1M CCCP for 2hours and 3mM BMAA for 48hours. (A) Representative immunoblot for toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and pro-interleukin (IL)-1 levels. Blots were re-probed for III-Tubulin to confirm equal protein loading. (B) Densitometric analysis of the levels of TLR4 was normalised with III-Tubulin (n values for all conditions=4, untreated (Unt) vs CCCP, p=0.076; Unt vs BMAA, **p=0.0023). (C) Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-B) levels were calculated using NF-B p65 ELISA kit. Values are g/mL (n values for all conditions=7, Unt vs CCCP, *p=0.0039, Unt vs BMAA, *p=0.013). (D) Densitometric analyses of the levels of pro-IL-1 were normalised with III-Tubulin (n values for all conditions=5, except BMAA=4, Unt vs CCCP, p=0.1213; Unt vs BMAA, *p=0.044). (E) Caspase-1 activation (n values for all conditions=4, Unt vs CCCP, *p=0.047, Unt vs BMAA, **p=0.002). (F) IL-1 levels in the isolated cytosolic fraction was determined using an IL-1 ELISA kit. Values are pg/mL (n values for all conditions=5, Unt vs CCCP, p=0.5928; Unt vs BMAA, *p=0.018). Homogenates from the mesencephalon of mice treated with or without BMAA were examined. (G) Representative immunoblot for TLR7, TLR4 and pro-IL-1 levels. The blots were re-probed for III-tubulin to confirm equal protein loading. (H) Densitometric analyses of TLR7 levels normalised against III-tubulin (n values for Unt=7and BMAA=6, Unt vs BMAA, *p=0.027). (I) Densitometric analyses of TLR4 levels normalised against III-tubulin (n values for Unt=6and BMAA=4, Unt vs BMAA, **p=0.004). (J) NF-B levels were calculated using NF-B p65 ELISA kit. Values are g/mL (n values for Unt=6and BMAA=4, Unt vs BMAA, **p=0.002). (K) Densitometric analyses of pro-IL-1 levels normalised against III-tubulin (n values for Unt=6and BMAA=3, Unt vs BMAA, **p=0.007). (L) Caspase-1 activation (n values for Unt=10and BMAA=8, Unt vs BMAA, **p=0.003). (M) IL-1 levels were determined using an IL-1 ELISA kit. Values are pg/mL (n values for Unt=6and BMAA=4, Unt vs BMAA, **p=0.003). (N) IL-17 levels were determined using an IL-17 ELISA kit. Values are pg/mL (n values for Unt=5and BMAA=6, Unt vs BMAA, p=0.8029). (O) IL-10 levels were determined using an IL-10 ELISA kit. Values are pg/mL (n values for Unt=5and BMAA=8, Unt vs BMAA, p=0.483). (PR), Iba1 and Trem2 expression in SN from Unt and BMAA-treated mice by immunofluorescence. (P) Representative images of brain coronal sections stained with Iba1 (microglial and macrophage-specific calcium-binding protein), Trem2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) and Hoechst 33342 as nuclei marker in SN. Enlarged boxes show the area of Trem2 (white pixels) contained in Iba1 signal. (Q) Quantification of the number of Iba1 cells per mm (n values for all conditions=4, Unt vs BMAA, *p=0.028). (R) Percentage of Trem2 area contained in Iba1 expression (n values for all conditions=4, Unt vs BMAA, ***p=0.0002). Scale bars are 50m. Data represent mean+SEM. Statistical analysis: One-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnetts test was performed in B, DE. Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunns test was performed in C and F. Unpaired Students t-test was performed in HN and QR and Mann-Whitney test in O. | yes |
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