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cc-by | Illustration of the FFD RBF technique Let Form initial a 3D geometry which we seek to deform Form initial ¼ ðx 1 initial ; x 2 initial ; x 3 initial ,…. , x K initial Þ: ð7Þ First, we choose a set of M points, RBF database , from the initial geometry RBF database ¼ ðx 1initial ; x 2initial ,…. , x Minitial Þ A Form ini... | 10.1016/j.jcde.2016.01.003 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | We consider the following three linear systems: GA x ¼ ðu x 1 ; u x 2 ; …; u x M ; 0; 0; 0; 0Þ T GA y ¼ ðu y 1 ; u y 2 ; …; u y M ; 0; 0; 0; 0Þ T GA z ¼ ðu z 1 ; u z 2 ; …; u z M ; 0; 0; 0; 0Þ T 8 > < > : ð10Þ where G is assembled as described in the matrix (6). The solutions of A x , A y and A z give us the interpola... | 10.1016/j.jcde.2016.01.003 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Presentation of the optimization framework The goal is to figure out a new design of the twist beam, which satisfies a FR 34 value bigger and a VM value smaller than the FR 34 and VM of the initial shape respectively. Our initial shape has 546 MPa for the Von Mises constraint and a torsion reaction force of 2460 N. We ... | 10.1016/j.jcde.2016.01.003 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Design constraints and metamodel database Let φ 0 ¼ ðφ 01 ; φ 02 ; φ 03 Þ be the initial shape of the twist beam, and u x , u y and u z a positive offset respectively (Fig. 9 ). Then, we choose the bound constraints as follows: *φ lower ¼ ðφ 01 À u x ; φ 02 À u y ; φ 03 À u z Þ *φ upper ¼ ðφ 01 þ u x ; φ 02 þ u y ; φ 0... | 10.1016/j.jcde.2016.01.003 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Then, for each point, we calculate the exact value of two criteria FR 34 and VM. These values present the database allowing us to build the RBF metamodel for each criterion, and the optimization problem will be studied using these metamodels. | 10.1016/j.jcde.2016.01.003 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Fig. 13 and Table 3 show the profiles (1) and (3) which had the best optimized value for the second criterion (FR 34 ) and the first criterion (VM) respectively. Our main goal was to look for new profiles for the twist beam satisfying some requirements (FR 34 higher and VM smaller than the initial shape ones value),... | 10.1016/j.jcde.2016.01.003 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments The present work was achieved within the framework of the partnership between the research center INRIA Sophia Antipolis and leader company in the steel manufacturer Arcelor-Mittal France , which funded this work. I present my sincere thanks to M. Jean-Louis Colmont and AM TPV ArcelorMittal Tubula... | 10.1016/j.jcde.2016.01.003 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Each spectrum deconvolution of K and L analytical lines was done with the WinAxil software package, which provides for any element an individual peak area converted in counts. To a first approximation, the count rates are proportional to corresponding elemental concentrations in the sediment. Characteristic S emission ... | 10.1002/xrs.2704 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Instead, we decided to implement the log-ratio calibration method described previously by Weltje and Tjallingii (2008) [19] and Weltje et al. (2015). [22] This can be done using the AvaaXelerate software package developed by Menno Bloemsma. [23]. | 10.1002/xrs.2704 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | X-ray diffraction The presence of pyrite in selected sediment samples was determined by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), using a D8 Advance BRUKER model, a device type Bragg-Brentano equipped with a Cu X-ray tube, a primary Soller slit of 0. 6 mm, a nine-position sample holder and the VANTEC-1 Position Sensitive Detector wi... | 10.1002/xrs.2704 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | 5 ). The above observations clearly suggest that the downcore XRF-CS total-S signal is controlled primarily by the presence of sulfide phases within the sediment. Note that these concentrations are above DL of WD-XRF previously given. Using the concentrations of total-S and sulfate-bearing S determined by WD-XRF, we ca... | 10.1002/xrs.2704 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to B. Dennielou , A. Roubi and M. Rovere for the sample provided, their technical support and for several stimulating discussions. Thanks to J. C. Caprais and P. Pignet of Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes of Ifremer for this analysis on pore w... | 10.1002/xrs.2704 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Method and parameterization For all our simulations we used the OKMC code LAKIMOCA, thoroughly described in [10]. The approach we adopted is explained in detail in [8, 11, 12]. For convenience, we highlight here the fundamental ideas. The OKMC is a stochastic method used to describe the evolution of defects and their... | 10.1016/j.nme.2016.04.009 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | The cas-cade defect populations are chosen from a database [17] [18] [19] of displacement cascades that were simulated using molecular dynamics (MD) for different ener gies and the accumulated dpa is calculated using the NRT formula [13]. In the model, grain boundaries act as a spherical surface sink for defect clus... | 10.1016/j.nme.2016.04.009 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received partial funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No 633 , 053. The research leading to these results was also partly funded by the Euratom 's Seventh... | 10.1016/j.nme.2016.04.009 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Program ( FP7/2011 ) under grant agreement ESTABLIS no. 290022 and from the Region Aquitaine under agreement 2011 FULLINC. BAB acknowledges funding from FAPESP ( 2011/02205-3 ) and CAPES ( BE... | 10.1039/c6tc03290g | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | 15 M NaCl, 0. 01 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7. 4 with 0. 05% Tween 20). Aer that the beads were concentrated and the supernatant removed. Finally, the bead-bacteria complexes were resuspended into 100 ml of washing buffer for the SERS detection. For reference a concentration analysis was performed with 50 ml volume... | 10.1039/c6ra08313g | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | 9-1. 6 ns. The bacteria sample was pipetted on top of a glass slide prior to the detection. TimeGate measurements where analysed with TimeGate spectral processing tool and the acquired data was baseline corrected with a simple linear algorithm in Matlab (release 2015a, Mathworks Inc. , USA) aer opening the data with t... | 10.1039/c6ra08313g | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | The development of the detection process Commercial Dynabeads were used to capture the L. innocua cells for the SERS detection. The SERS signal recorded with IMS beads, possibly due to accumulation of more bacterial cells inside the excitation laser spot, was found to be 20 times stronger than the signal recorded witho... | 10.1039/c6ra08313g | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements This project was funded by TEKES (the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation) through FMA project and University of Oulu Graduate School through Infotech Oulu Doctoral Program and by Academy of Finland through FOUL-SENS (Grant No. 292253 ), M-SPEC (Grant No. 284907 ) and mul... | 10.1039/c6ra08313g | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements This project was funded by TEKES (the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation) through FMA project and University of Oulu Graduate School through Infotech Oulu Doctoral Program and by Academy of Finland through FOUL-SENS (Grant No. 292253 ), M-SPEC (Grant No. 284907 ) and mul... | 10.1039/c6ra08313g | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | The computational cost is reduced by an optimal implementation of the adaptive strategy. The efficiency of the proposed implementation is tested using a C++ code which in turn uses appropriate open source libraries. The paper is structured as follows. The first section introduces the mechanical problem to solve in the ... | 10.1002/nme.5363 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Decision Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/18 |
cc-by | Improvement in the computational cost The proposed algorithms have been implemented in C ++ , using the Eigen library (FER numerical modelling software [38] ). The Eigen library allows using a sparse storage for problems with a large number of degrees of freedom while using linear solvers involving a Cholesky decompos... | 10.1002/nme.5363 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Decision Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/18 |
cc-by | FUNDING INFORMATION This study has been carried out with financial support from the French State, managed by the French National Research Agency (ANR) in the frame of the Investments for the future Programme IdEx Bordeaux LAPHIA (ANR-10-IDEX-03-02). | 10.1364/ol.41.005234 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by an ERC grant on 2DMA-TER and EC under Graphene Flagship (No. CNECT-ICT-604391 ). We also acknowledge the Cfaed (Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden) and the Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN) at TU Dresden. P. L. and M. C. were supported by JST-CRE... | 10.1039/c6ee01786j | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Energy | https://openalex.org/fields/21 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by an ERC grant on 2DMA-TER and EC under Graphene Flagship (No. CNECT-ICT-604391 ). We also acknowledge the Cfaed (Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden) and the Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN) at TU Dresden. P. L. and M. C. were supported by JST-CRE... | 10.1039/c6ee01786j | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Energy | https://openalex.org/fields/21 |
cc-by | Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with M. Bloch and thank the anonymous reviewers for helpful pointers to the literature. | 10.1109/icsee.2016.7806031 | preprint | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge fruitful discussions with Alexey Lomonosov and Pedro Quinto-Su regarding shock-induced cavitation. This material is based upon work supported in part by the U. S. Army Research Office through the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies , under contract number W... | 10.1038/s41598-016-0032-1 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Analytic approach The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for the detection of meniscal and cruciate ligament tears were calculated separately for each of the MRI protocols, using surgical findings (arthroscopy) as the reference standard. To increase the statisti... | 10.1590/0100-3984.2015.0042 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | 05 being considered statistically significant. The statistical analysis was performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 17. 0. 2 (SPSS Inc. , Chicago, IL, USA). | 10.1590/0100-3984.2015.0042 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments This study received financial support from the Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep) (Brazilian Financing Agency for Studies and Projects). | 10.1590/0100-3984.2015.0042 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Semi-analytical models are often used for computationally efficient ultrasonic simulations. They typically apply plane-wave or quasi plane-wave approximations to the ultrasonic fields at the location of flaws in order to calculate diffraction coefficients. In favorable cases, the plane-wave approximations used for echo... | 10.1063/1.4940520 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | INTRODUCTION The simulation of ultrasonic Non Destructive Evaluation has a wide range of industrial applications. It can, for example, help the design of inspection procedures or the interpretation of measurements. Simulation methods can rely either on semi-analytical methods, numerical methods (such as finite elements... | 10.1063/1.4940520 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | The interaction with the flaw is handled by CF, the amplitudes A of the fields are in the absence of defect. The directions and polarizations d and p correspond to approximations of the field as plane waves at the location x. In this formalism, the amplitudes A also contain phase information concerning the incident and... | 10.1063/1.4940520 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | RAY BASED APPROACH A decomposition of the field as a sum of rays is readily available in the Civa software, as the ultrasonic field computations of the Civa software rely on them. They can handle complex probe geometry and arbitrary numbers of interfaces with various shapes. To perform echo computations in the plane-wa... | 10.1063/1.4940520 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | COMPUTATION RESULTS The ray-based model has been implemented in a development version of the Civa software. Computations were run using three approaches: the existing Civa model based on the plane-wave approximation, the new ray-based model, and the finite element Civa-Athena hybrid approach [7]. The latter relies on ... | 10.1063/1.4940520 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | CONCLUSION The ray-based method presented here allows overcoming limitations of the plane-wave approximation currently used in the semi-analytical ultrasonic echo computations of the Civa software. Examples of results illustrate some of the situations where the ray-based method is significantly better than the plane-wa... | 10.1063/1.4940520 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Erasmus Mundus international doctoral school IDS-FunMat under the project number 2013-07 and the German-French Doctoral School. The authors thank Dr. Nicolas Penin and Mrs. Laetitia Etienne for ICP-OES analysis at ICMCB. The authors are also grateful to Dr. Mich... | 10.1039/c5ce02581h | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | Calculations 3D Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) calculations are carried out using the commercial software FDTD Solutions from Lumerical. A gold NP array is modeled as a regular 41 × 41 array of discs, 170 nm in diameter and 50 nm high, with a square 450 × 450 nm 2 unit cell or a rectangular 330 × 550 nm 2 unit ce... | 10.1364/oe.24.026186 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments The gold nanoparticle arrays were fabricated at the technological platform for nano and microfabrication Planète in Marseille. Planète is part of the Technological Center of the Région Provence-Alpes-Côtes-d'Azur. The authors acknowledge financial support by the Région Ile-de-France in the framework ... | 10.1364/oe.24.026186 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND PROBLEM STATEMENT The system considered in this paper consists in a small-scale variable-speed wind turbine with a PMSG generator connected to a battery charging scheme. It is shown in Figure 2. The PMSG generator is connected to the battery system through a passive rectifier and a DC-DC convert... | 10.1002/acs.2733 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | COMPUTER SIMULATIONS In order to show the performance of the controller and the identification algorithms proposed in this work, numerical simulations were made in the Simulink/Matlab environment. A wind speed profile with low-frequency and high-frequency components (Figure 5 ) was used for carrying out simulations on... | 10.1002/acs.2733 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The work of F. Jaramillo-Lopez has been supported by CONACyT , Mexico , and the French Embassy in Mexico. This research has partially received support from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme [ FP7/2007-2013] 257462 HYCON2 Network of excellence. | 10.1002/acs.2733 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Textural characterization of raw and impregnated chars Surface areas were determined from nitrogen adsorption manometry at 77K and isotherms were obtained using an ASAP 2420 apparatus (Micromeritics). Each adsorption measurement was out-gassed overnight at 300 C prior to analysis. The BET model was applied to the N 2 a... | 10.1016/j.crci.2015.08.012 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Proteomics Three replicates were done of four different biological conditions: M9 with glucose (control); M9 with butanol 0. 5% as sole carbon source (butanol assimilation); M9 with glucose and butanol 0. 3% (long-term tolerance response to butanol); and a butanol shock was added to exponentially growing cells (short-t... | 10.1111/1751-7915.12328 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | A total of 11 584 and 4243 different peptides were confidently listed respectively. Peptides validated the presence of 1086 and 591 proteins with at least two different peptides respectively. When considering the whole data set, a total of 1236 (without redundant) proteins were validated. Their relative quantities were... | 10.1111/1751-7915.12328 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | This global view of P. putida BIRD-1 protein content indicates no specific bias in our proteomic strategy and points to central metabolism, and transcription and translation as key butanol-related functional categories for systemic analysis. Regarding butanol assimilation candidate proteins, we compared the control con... | 10.1111/1751-7915.12328 | article | en | 2,016 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Rockhopper analysis Considering all the samples and replicates, a total number of 34 267 239 reads were recorded to achieve an average sequence mapping for 91. 5% of the cases. The average length of sequences was 100 bp. The reads were mapped onto the P. putida BIRD-1 annotated reference genome (GenBank accession no. N... | 10.1111/1751-7915.12328 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | RNA sequencing data accession number The sequence reads have been deposited in the GEO database under study accession no. GSE66235. | 10.1111/1751-7915.12328 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | MS/MS data processing Peak lists were generated with the MASCOT DAEMON software (version 2. 3. 2; Matrix Science) using the extract_msn. exe data import filter (Thermo Fisher Scientific) from the XCALIBUR FT package (version 2. 0. 7; Thermo Fisher Scientific). Data import filter options were set to 400 (minimum mass), ... | 10.1111/1751-7915.12328 | article | en | 2,016 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | The search was performed using the following criteria: tryptic peptides with a maximum of two miscleavages, mass tolerances of 5 ppm on the parent ion and 0. 5 Da on the MS/MS, fixed modification for carbamidomethylated cysteine and variable modification for methionine oxidation. Mascot results were parsed using the IR... | 10.1111/1751-7915.12328 | article | en | 2,016 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Bioinformatics Predictions for subcellular localization, clusters of orthologous groups (COG) number and COG functional category were obtained from the Pseudomonas Genome Database (http://www. pseudomonas. com/viewAllGenomes. do). Functional connections between proteins were analysed with the multiple sequences module ... | 10.1111/1751-7915.12328 | article | en | 2,016 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements We thank Ben Pakuts for reviewing the English in the manuscript and Béatrice Alonso for her help to record the proteomic data. | 10.1111/1751-7915.12328 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Data repository The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (REFERENCE PMID:24727771) via the PRIDE partner repository with the data set identifier PXD002655 and 10. 6019/PXD002655 (membrane proteins) and the data set identifier PXD002679 and 10. 6019/PXD002679 (soluble p... | 10.1111/1751-7915.12328 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Validation of Heat Transfer for Graphene Nanoplatelets-Silver/Wate Nanofluids To validate the present model for turbulent-forced convection of GNP-silver nanofluids, the predictions of Equations ( 10 ) and ( 11 ) are compared with the experimental data and the CFD results obtained with use of the ANSYS-FLUENT commerc... | 10.3390/fluids1030020 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | The CFD model was performed using the single-phase fluid model with the effective viscosity and thermal conductivity given by Equations ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) using the ANSYS-FLUENT code [21, 22]. For a nanofluid with 0. 10 wt. % GNP-silver, the predicted variations of the friction factor as well as the Nusselt number for ... | 10.3390/fluids1030020 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments: The authors gratefully acknowledge High Impact Research Grant UM. C/HIR/MOHE/ENG/23 and Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia for support in conducting this research work. | 10.3390/fluids1030020 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Data Management The amplitudes of the twitch pressures were measured from baseline to peak. The amplitudes of the diaphragmatic EMG were measured from peak to peak. The triggering values of Pdi were expressed as a percentage of the measured Pdi,max. To account for between-subject differences in anthropometric character... | 10.3389/fphys.2016.00537 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Neuroscience | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
cc-by | FUNDING This study was funded in part by " Association pour le Développement et l'Organisation de la Recherche En Pneumologie et sur le Sommeil (ADOREPS) , " Paris , France a "Contrat de recherche triennal Legs Poix de la Chancellerie de l'Université de Paris, " Paris, France , the Fondation pour l'Avenir ( AP-RMA-... | 10.3389/fphys.2016.00537 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Neuroscience | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
cc-by | The aforementioned experimental limitations were tackled combining the results of Vickers microindentation and acoustic microscopy. An experimental campaign was conducted to assess the relationship between Vickers microhardness and local porosity measured using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). At the same time, an e... | 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.07.015 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | Scanning electron microscopy and quantitative image analysis (QIA) The images employed for the porosity measurements were acquired using a shielded JEOL 6400 ® scanning electron microscope equipped with a MaxView ® software package from SAMx. Twodimensional pore section areas and corresponding section diameters were me... | 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.07.015 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | 15 mm and a high magnification of 1500x with spatial resolution of z0. 05 mm. The combination of the two magnifications increased the accuracy of the measurements and broadened the range of pore section diameters that could be measured. Each image was then processed using the software Image-Pro Analyzer ® (v. 7. 0, Med... | 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.07.015 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | Integral fuel rod analyses Following the introduction of Eq. ( 7 ), a pioneering work to illustrate its potential impact on the fuel rod performance calculations was undertaken. As first applications, we selected two cases of experimental rods irradiated up to high burn-up from the OECD/ NEA International Fuel Perform... | 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.07.015 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | ( 7 ) in section 3. 2) on pellet-cladding mechanical interaction (PCMI) and fuel pin deformation at high burn-up. The PCMI and pin deformations are determined by the thermomechanical properties of both fuel and cladding. In this preliminary assessment however, we hereby focus only on fuel properties. The main models a... | 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.07.015 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | Conclusions The Young's modulus dependence on porosity in high burn-up fuel, in particular in the HBS, has been evaluated exploiting the synergy between two experimental post-irradiation examination techniques, i. e. , Vickers microindentation and acoustic microscopy. The present data, in combination with Young's modul... | 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.07.015 | article | en | 2,016 | true | true | false | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | The range of experimental validation of the TRANSURANUS correlation of the fuel Young's modulus is thus extended from non-irradiated to irradiated UO 2 fuel and for porosity up to 20%. The availability of the herein developed correlation for the fuel Young's modulus allowed to illustrate the impact of the additional fu... | 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.07.015 | article | en | 2,016 | true | true | false | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The authors are indebted to G. Paperini , R. Gretter and R. Nasyrow ( JRC-ITU ) for the sample preparation, and to D. Pellottiero ( JRC-ITU ) for his help in the acquisition of the SEM images. Special thanks are conveyed to G. Despaux , D. Laux ( IES-University of Montpellier ), and L. Fongaro... | 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.07.015 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | As already introduced, HER2 is a major theranostic biomarker for breast cancer. TBP, a "house-keeping gene" with low variability of expression in breast cancer cells, is usually chosen in clinics as a reference in order to validate the quality of total RNA samples. A first series of experiments was performed with total... | 10.1038/srep25540 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | This allows to take into account possible differences of RNA or DNA quality and/or amplification between the two genes. The result of this analysis is the Fold difference Fd, which quantifies the difference in expression between the patient sample and the control sample: ideally, Fd ≈ 1 would mean no overexpression and... | 10.1038/srep25540 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | The cameras are connected to the computer by the NI PCIe-8236 card (National Instruments) and the communication between the home made LabVIEW software and the magnetic coils is achieved by the NI USB-6525 interface (National Instrument). Since the droplet generator and the magnetic tweezers modules can work at the same... | 10.1038/srep25540 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements This work was supported in part by the Digidiag project (ANR) from the French government , the ARC foundation for young researcher fellowship, European research Council Advanced Grant N°: 321107 "CellO". M. S. was supported by a Curie Institute International PhD fellowship. Some technological... | 10.1038/srep25540 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | 1 as opposed to x p c À0. 75 indicated by scaling theory 54 ). In our nanocomposite systems, however, the composition of the samples is not identical, and the data therefore do not represent the same sample at different degrees of swelling. The exponent p = 5/3 in eqn ( 1 ) is also consistent with the excluded volum... | 10.1039/c6sm00666c | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the Institut Laue-Langevin for providing beamtime on the IN11 and D22 instruments. We thank Mr D. Renzy and Mr M. Jacques for technical assistance. The work was supported by the Hungarian grant OTKA K101861 ( Hungarian Scientific Research Fund ). This work is part ... | 10.1039/c6sm00666c | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the Institut Laue-Langevin for providing beamtime on the IN11 and D22 instruments. We thank Mr D. Renzy and Mr M. Jacques for technical assistance. The work was supported by the Hungarian grant OTKA K101861 ( Hungarian Scientific Research Fund ). This work is part ... | 10.1039/c6sm00666c | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | All cells were galvanostatically cycled at room temperature on VMP3 or MPG2 multi-channel potentiostats (BioLogic), indifferently. Cycle rates are given using the convention C ⇔ 1 h for a theoretical full charge (2 moles of Na per mole of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 , 1 mole of Na per mole of Na x (Fe 1/2 Mn 1/2 )O 2 and 1 ... | 10.1149/2.0051605jes | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We thank i) L. Simonin and Y. Chatillon from CEA for sending us the pristine Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 materials that we have been using for the present study and ii) members the RS2E Na-ion task force ( C. Masquelier , L. Croguennec ) for helpful discussions. | 10.1149/2.0051605jes | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | The same injected velocity was loaded in both inlets. The two different filling fronts with the same speed should independently progress in the mold cavities, and then meet to each other to reach a common outlet. However, in Figure 2 , it is observed that the filling fronts arrive at bypass before merging together at ... | 10.3390/met6060124 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | There exists an air gap between the two evolving fluid fronts that is not completely filled at the end of the simulation. For the case of channel in shape L, after the feedstock is horizontally injected into the mold cavity, it should arrive mainly at the right-hand side wall first, and then be extruded into the vertic... | 10.3390/met6060124 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | There exists an air gap between the two evolving fluid fronts that is not completely filled at the end of the simulation. For the case of channel in shape L, after the feedstock is horizontally injected into the mold cavity, it should arrive mainly at the right-hand side wall first, and then be extruded into the vertic... | 10.3390/met6060124 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments: This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11502219 ) and Doctoral Research Foundation of Southwest University of Science and Technology (Grant No. 14zx7139 ). The authors also wish to thank Femto-ST Institute on experiment and simulation sup... | 10.3390/met6060124 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | 2016 ) and the numerous works on the impact of technological change on the port and shipping industry (see Guerrero and Rodrigue (2013) ; Kuby and Reid (1992) ; Mayer (1973) ). Perhaps, the high costs related with data acquisition and encoding motivated scholars to offer a recent, static view of the network. In this... | 10.1186/s41072-016-0013-3 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | The random walk measures which we construct and apply in this paper show that navigation in the maritime network becomes easier with time, that is, the network's structure starts to privilege more efficient movements and that with time it becomes easier to reach a given port starting from any other port of the network.... | 10.1186/s41072-016-0013-3 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Elaboration of a global historical database using the Lloyd's Shipping Index Maritime flows of merchant vessels among ports of the world have been recorded by the maritime insurance company Lloyd's List since the late sixteenth century, focusing primarily on the British fleet but since 1890, on any other. An in-depth r... | 10.1186/s41072-016-0013-3 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | 2015). Given their main focus on container shipping, most studies of maritime networks rather use carrier schedule data provided by Containerisation International, Barry Rogliano Salles (Alphaliner database), or company websites, while others compile information on real-time positioning of ships such as Automated Ident... | 10.1186/s41072-016-0013-3 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | The somewhat difficult readability of the older publications and the limitations of existing Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software forced us to concentrate our efforts on the extraction of vessel calls by port and inter-port link. The choice was made to extract one entire publication every five years or so betwe... | 10.1186/s41072-016-0013-3 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | The stability of the document structure and contents, notwithstanding a huge growth in the number of movements, makes the 5-year snapshots comparable over time. But given the fact that this publication was daily or weekly, extracting only one item in the entire year inevitably created a potential bias in the representa... | 10.1186/s41072-016-0013-3 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Moreover, the global historical database did not come out ready. Immense efforts were put on data verification and cleaning: 10,253 place names were checked with scrutiny taking into account regular changes in port names (e. g. Port Swettenham in Malaysia becoming Klang or Port Klang) and exclude passage points such as... | 10.1186/s41072-016-0013-3 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Methodology Graph Theory provides us with a powerful toolkit for the modelling and treatment of data which exhibit pairwise relations, such as a transportation network. In the case of the data derived from the Lloyd's Shipping Index, we treat each port as a node of the network, and the edges (the connections between th... | 10.1186/s41072-016-0013-3 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Results By analyzing the results obtained for the database covering a portion of movements of ships during the period 1890-2000 we can say that the maritime network has changed its structure over time by quite a bit. | 10.1186/s41072-016-0013-3 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | However, we do observe some drops in 1920, 1946, and, most surprisingly in the year 2000, when the drop is the largest in the whole period under study. The last drop is especially puzzling, because the beginning of the 21st century is known to be the period of increased globalization and increased optimization performe... | 10.1186/s41072-016-0013-3 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Conclusion In the present paper we have constructed a network of maritime connections thanks to the data extracted from the Lloyd's Shipping Index, a database containing information on daily movements of ships of almost the entire world fleet. Our data cover the years between 1890 until 2000, where we have information ... | 10.1186/s41072-016-0013-3 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme ( FP/2014-2020 )/ ERC Grant Agreement n. 31384. A part of this work was done by Nishant Rai during his internship at the INRIA Gang Project -we woul... | 10.1186/s41072-016-0013-3 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | This work was supported by the French National Research Agency (Labex STORE-EX : grant ANR-10-LABX-0076 ). We thank the University of Bordeaux for the use of the cluster Avakas. We are grateful for the computing resources on OCCIGEN (CINES) obtained through the project x2015097321. B. J. M. acknowledges support fro... | 10.1103/physrevlett.116.135901 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements This study was partly supported by the XRMON project ( AO-2004-046 ; Grant no: 20288/06/NL/VJ ) of the MAP program of the European Space Agency (ESA) and by the French National Space Agency (CNES ; convention n o 150515/00 ). The authors express their gratitude to Dr. Olivier Minster and Pr... | 10.1016/j.crme.2016.10.007 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Materials Science | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
cc-by | Light reflected by the EFPI is collected with a high-speed spectrometer (Ibsen Photonics I-MON-512-USB), operated on the 1520-1596 nm bandwidth. A LabVIEW™ program has been developed for data acquisition (DAQ), recording data from the spectrometer and switch and displaying the estimated output pressure; the software ad... | 10.3390/s16040544 | article | en | 2,016 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | 2 pm/ ˝C. In absence of fluctuations of refractive index of the outer medium, pressure measurement yields accuracy better than 0. 1 kPa [25]. The results of the calibration are in line with the previous pressure sensing system presented in [25] and developed by University of Limerick, which makes use of the same spl... | 10.3390/s16040544 | article | en | 2,016 | true | true | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge the Social Policy Grant "Optical fiber technology for supporting thermal ablation of tumors". | 10.3390/s16040544 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Photoluminescence spectra of the samples were acquired in steady-state at room temperature using a Nanometrics RPM2000 rapid photoluminescence mapping system. Current density vs. voltage (J-V) curves were measured under illumination at 25°C with a Keithley 2400 sourcemeter coupled with ReRa Tracer 3. 0 software. The li... | 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.07.037 | article | en | 2,016 | false | true | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements This work is supported by Total SA. H. Liu would like to thank The Royal Society for funding his University Research Fellowship. The authors acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation of the U. S. (EPSCoR Grant # OIA-1457888 ). | 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.07.037 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements P. Calka is grateful to the Alexander von Humboldt foundation for granting her PostDoc fellowship. IHP authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for the RRAM project under contract " SCHR 1123/7-2 ". The authors would also like to thank Jen... | 10.1038/srep25757 | article | en | 2,016 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
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