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Independent data monitoring committees WHO guidelines stipulate that an independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) should be set up to ensure the participants' safety and provide an independent assessment of the safety and efficacy data [23, 24, 33]. Separate IDMCs were set up for each phase I trial whereas a global...
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004821
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Medicine
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Statistical analysis No formal testing between groups was performed for reactogenicity and all safety parameters, except severe virologically-confirmed dengue disease, although 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The analysis set included all participants with available data who had received 1 dose of the d...
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004821
article
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Medicine
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Discussion This pooled analyses included data from 13 main and 5 secondary clinical trials with 77,234 doses of the current formulation of the CYD-TDV vaccine (about 5 log 10 CCID 50 of each of the four live, attenuated dengue vaccine viruses) in individuals aged between 2 and 60 years. The results showed that the over...
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004821
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Medicine
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A WHO vaccine position paper will be published outlining their recommendations in July 2016. In accordance with WHO recommendations, safety and efficacy follow-up will continue for five years after the third dose in the phase IIb efficacy trial and the two phase III efficacy trials in the context of the post-licensure ...
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004821
article
en
2,016
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false
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Medicine
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The pooled safety database was large enough to allow detection of uncommon adverse events occurring in at least 1 per 1,000 individual. As longer-term post-marketing safety data become available the detection of any rare and unexpected events will be also possible. The results from this integrated analysis show that th...
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004821
article
en
2,016
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Medicine
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Acknowledgments The authors would particularly like to thank all the children's parents/guardians and participants who agreed to take part in these trials. They would also like to thank the study investigators, coordinators and study teams for all their hard work:.
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004821
article
en
2,016
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Medicine
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From 4-years to 5-years post-dose 3: hospitalized dengue cases Eudra-CT: 2014- Monocentric, Safety, vaccine viremia None Mexico 126 2-45 28-days post- 001706-17 controlled, and immunogenicity dose 3 -Final CYD06 [25] observer-blind (1 st after every injection data available injection: CYD-TDV or YF), open (2 nd and 3 r...
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004821
article
en
2,016
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false
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Medicine
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dose 3 -Final data available NCT00993447 Randomized, Safety and Temperature 38°C lasting Columbia, 600 9-16 6-months post- CYD13* [16] placebo and active immunogenicity after 2 days with a suspicion of Honduras, dose 3-Final controlled, each injection; dengue without evidence of Mexico, data available observer-blind Sy...
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004821
article
en
2,016
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Medicine
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e. , least 2 consecutive days) NCT01134263 Randomized, Lot consistency (and None Australia 715 18-60 6-months post- CYD17* [30] placebo-controlled, bridging between phase dose 3-Final observer-blind, II and III lots); Safety; data available multicenter trial Vaccine viremia and virus shedding (subset); Immunogenicity a...
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004821
article
en
2,016
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Medicine
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All the images were collected on a fully customized synchrotron full-field microscope equipped with multispectral detection. The overall data cube results from the mosaicking of 414 tiles collected in three emission bands at three excitation energies, totalling 1. 5 gigapixels. Using the same strategy, we could image s...
10.1038/ncomms13356
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Arts and Humanities
https://openalex.org/fields/12
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We have therefore extended our proof of concept to a modern synthetic material by mapping and characterization of crystal defects density within a batch of nanowires. High signal-to-noise ratio images of zinc oxide nanowires of 0. 5-1 mm in diameter and 14 mm in length deposited on a substrate were collected in nine sp...
10.1038/ncomms13356
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Arts and Humanities
https://openalex.org/fields/12
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For this analysis, the surface was prepared using vibratory polishing (Buehler VibroMet 2, ChemoMET polishing cloth) with 50 nm colloid alumina suspension. A carbon coating a few nanometres was applied (Leica EMACE600). The experiments were performed at 20 kV (70°tilt) and data were processed using the Channel 5 Tango ...
10.1038/ncomms13356
article
en
2,016
false
true
false
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Arts and Humanities
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Acknowledgements This article is dedicated to the memory of Jean-Franc¸ois Jarrige (1940Jarrige ( -2014)), former director of the musee Guimet in Paris, who discovered Mehrgarh in 1974 and directed the ' Mission Archeologique de l'Indus ' from 1975 to 2014. Claudie Josse is warmly acknowledged for providing EBSD res...
10.1038/ncomms13356
article
en
2,016
false
false
true
false
Arts and Humanities
https://openalex.org/fields/12
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, 2012]. Beerling and Royer [2011] compiled data from a variety of proxies to document the history of CO 2 through the Cenozoic. CO 2 rose from the end Cretaceous into the Eocene, peaked ∼50 Ma (Ma = million years ago), then fell toward the end of the Eocene, following which values stayed rather low. This pattern is t...
10.1002/2016ef000379
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Earth and Planetary Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/19
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In situ measurements of Earth System processes have also increased dramatically in the last few decades. For example, the uptake of CO 2 by terrestrial ecosystems is directly measured by eddy covariance techniques. The climate is monitored in real time by a global network of stations that observe temperature, precipita...
10.1002/2016ef000379
article
en
2,016
true
false
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false
Earth and Planetary Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/19
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g. , Crutzen, 2002; Ruddiman, 2013; Lewis and Maslin, 2015; Zalasiewicz et al. , 2015; Waters et al. , 2016]. In summary, the relationship between stratigraphy and Earth System science is now much closer and more effective than it was just a few decades ago. Earth System science has a wealth of contemporary data to as...
10.1002/2016ef000379
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Earth and Planetary Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/19
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The concept of the Anthropocene has provided a trigger for the Earth System science and stratigraphic communities to integrate their knowledge, tools, skills, and rapidly growing masses of data in unprecedented ways. From both Earth System science and stratigraphic perspectives, the Earth has been pushed out of the pre...
10.1002/2016ef000379
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Earth and Planetary Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/19
cc-by
Hybrid origin of wisent and ancient European bison. To investigate the potential hybrid origins of wisent and CladeX, we used target enrichment and high-throughput methods to sequence B10,000 genome-wide bovine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from nine members of CladeX, an ancient (455 kyr) and a historical (19...
10.1038/ncomms13158
article
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2,016
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false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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To examine the extent of genetic isolation maintained through time by the hybrid forms (wisent and CladeX) from steppe bison, we characterized the genomic signals originating from either steppe bison or aurochs in the wisent and CladeX lineages. Calculations of f 4 ratios 23 show the same high proportion of nuclear s...
10.1038/ncomms13158
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Methods Ancient DNA samples description and processing. Samples from a total of 87 putative bison bones were collected from three regions across Europe: Urals, Caucasus and Western Europe (Supplementary Data 1). Dating of 45 samples that yielded DNA was performed at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit of the Univer...
10.1038/ncomms13158
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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10 ). (d) Proportion of steppe bison and aurochs ancestry in both wisent and CladeX lineages, calculated with f 4 ratios. All ancient DNA work was conducted in clean-room facilities at the University of Adelaide's Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, Australia (ACAD), and at the University of Tuebingen, Germany (UT) foll...
10.1038/ncomms13158
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
Figure3| Genome-wide data comparison of bison. (a) Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of modern and ancient bison from B10,000 genome-wide nuclear sites, showing the close relationship between CladeX and steppe bison. However, a bifurcating phylogeny is not capable of displaying the complex relationships between these taxa (...
10.1038/ncomms13158
article
en
2,016
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false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Data points that are significantly different from zero are shown in grey. The data point representing the topology in a, among a set of three possible topologies, is shown with a black outline. (c) Principal Component Analysis of B10,000 genome-wide nuclear sites (ancient wisent not included due to the sensitivity of P...
10.1038/ncomms13158
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
). The coincident morphological and genetic replacement indicate that variation in bison representations in Paleolithic art does not simply represent stylistic evolution, but actually reflects the different forms of bison genotyped in this study (that is, pre and post-hybridization) through time. Data Availability. All...
10.1038/ncomms13158
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
Acknowledgements We are grateful to A. A. Krotova ( Institute of Archeology Ukrainian Academy of Sciences ), K. Wysocka ( Vinnytsia Regional Local History Museum ), M. Blant ( Swiss Institute for Speleology and Karst Studies ), G. Zazula and E. Hall ( Yukon Palaeontology Program ), C. Lefe `vre ( Museum Nat...
10.1038/ncomms13158
article
en
2,016
false
false
true
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
(Figure 3 | 3 Figure3| Genome-wide data comparison of bison. (a) Maximum-likelihood phylogeny of modern and ancient bison from B10,000 genome-wide nuclear sites, showing the close relationship between CladeX and steppe bison. However, a bifurcating phylogeny is not capable of displaying the complex relationships betwee...
10.1038/ncomms13158
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
e. 's (from block jackknife) either side of the data point. Data points that are significantly different from zero are shown in grey. The data point representing the topology in a, among a set of three possible topologies, is shown with a black outline. (c) Principal Component Analysis of B10,000 genome-wide nuclear si...
10.1038/ncomms13158
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
Numerous pulses were found, mostly of Indian origin (Vigna radiata, Vigna mungo, Macrotyloma uniflorum). The rice bean (Vigna cf. umbellata) of Southeast Asian origin was identified at KSK and PKT for the first time in an archaeological context. Another Southeast Asian domesticate, the pomelo (Citrus cf. maxima) was al...
10.15184/aqy.2016.175
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
Acknowledgements Research by Castillo and Fuller on the rice and rice weeds of these sites is supported by a grant from NERC (UK) on 'The impact of evolving of rice systems from China to Southeast Asia ' [ NE/K003402/1 ]. PhD research by Castillo was supported by the AHRC. Excavations of KSK and PKT were directed b...
10.15184/aqy.2016.175
article
en
2,016
false
false
true
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
Methods and analysis: The HandiVIH project aims to combine quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative component is a cross-sectional survey with a control group conducted in Yaoundé (Cameroon). A two-phase random sampling is used (1) to screen people with disabilities from the general population using the Wash...
10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008934
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
Ethics and dissemination: This study has been approved by the two ethical committees. Special attention has been paid on how to adapt the consenting process to persons with intellectual disabilities. The methodological considerations discussed in this paper may contribute to the development of good practices for conduc...
10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008934
article
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2,016
false
false
false
true
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
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In the second substudy, members of the DPO mapped during the exploratory work are randomly recruited and offered to participate in the interviewing and to get an HIV testing/counselling after informed consent. Using the same statistical method as for the cross-sectional components, the characteristics of this subgroup ...
10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008934
article
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2,016
true
false
false
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge, this study will be one of the most comprehensive surveys on HIV and SRH to be conducted among people with disabilities in Sub-Saharan Africa. It will use a rigorous methodology to provide quantitative data on the burden of HIV among people with disabilities as well as informatio...
10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008934
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
In this study, it was decided to include two additional questions to the Washington Group short set to improve its sensitivity to detect intellectual or mental impairment because it was assumed that people with these impairments may be at an increased risk of sexual abuse and violence. The main potential limitation of ...
10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008934
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
Acknowledgments This research was supported by grant ANR 11-FRQU-004-01 and by the CNRS Défi S2C3 2016 grant for the project IM3CP. Thanks are due to Mickael Berthon for the computer programming and to Danae Farges , Cedric Barbosa , and Marie Valette for their help with data gathering and formatting.
10.5334/irsp.61
article
en
2,016
false
false
true
false
Psychology
https://openalex.org/fields/32
cc-by
Approval for the indication of GH treatment of short stature due to SHOX deficiency was based on data from the 2-year randomised treatment phase of a single clinical trial [17]. After completion of this randomised phase, all participants were offered GH therapy until attainment of near-adult (final) height [16]. It i...
10.1159/000452973
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
cc-by
Patient Populations GeNeSIS (ClinicalTrials. gov: NCT 01088412) was a prospective multinational, open-label, paediatric surveillance programme designed to examine the long-term safety and efficacy of GH (Humatrope ® , Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA) administered for treatment of short stature. Patients we...
10.1159/000452973
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
true
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
cc-by
Both the GeNeSIS observational study and the clinical trial included patients who were followed until they achieved near-adult (final) height. It was possible for patients in the clinical trial to subsequently be enrolled in GeNeSIS; therefore, it was ascertained that such patients were excluded from analysis within th...
10.1159/000452973
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
cc-by
Study Evaluations Baseline data collected at the entry to GeNeSIS included medical history, physical examination, laboratory values and pubertal status, as provided by the attending physician. Baseline data in the clinical trial included medical history, height, weight, parental heights and bone age. All patients had S...
10.1159/000452973
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
cc-by
Bone age was assessed from radiographs of the left hand and wrist, which were read using Greulich and Pyle standards [20]. The clinical trial predominantly enrolled patients from central European countries; therefore, standard deviation scores (SDS) for height were calculated for both GeNeSIS and the clinical trial us...
10.1159/000452973
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
cc-by
Statistics Data for patients with SHOX deficiency in GeNeSIS were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results for continuous variables are presented as means ± SD with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Information on categorical variables is presented as number of patients and percentage of the relevant total populati...
10.1159/000452973
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
cc-by
Baseline Data for Patients with SHOX Deficiency in GeNeSIS At the March 2014 data lock for this report, the GeNeSIS database contained evaluable information for 21,577 GH-treated paediatric patients, including 521 patients (314 female, 207 male) with a diagnosis of SHOX deficiency enrolled between 2000 and 2013. The ma...
10.1159/000452973
article
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2,016
true
false
false
false
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
cc-by
Near-Adult Height Data Near-adult height data were available at the time of analysis for 90 GH-treated patients with SHOX deficiency in GeNeSIS, 42 of whom were prepubertal at baseline; near-adult height data were available for 28 patients in the clinical trial, all of whom were prepubertal at baseline. The genotype an...
10.1159/000452973
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
cc-by
Discussion Among patients enrolled in the GeNeSIS observational study and treated with GH in routine clinical practice, a diagnosis of SHOX deficiency was reported by physicians for 521 patients. For 56% of these patients the diagnosis was reported as LWS, and for 44% the phenotype was reported to be "non-syndromic" SH...
10.1159/000452973
article
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2,016
true
false
false
false
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
cc-by
Acknowledgements Both GeNeSIS and the clinical trial were sponsored by Eli Lilly and Company. The authors are grateful to Valérie Cormier ( Inserm U781, Paris, France ) for assistance with interpretation of genetic alterations. Medical writing assistance was provided by Peter Bates ( CMWS, UK ) and Caroline Spen...
10.1159/000452973
article
en
2,016
false
false
true
false
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
cc-by
1 F. Dietrich, Paris School of Economics (CNRS); C. List, LSE; R. Bradley, LSE. We have presented this paper at several seminars and conferences, and we thank the audiences for helpful comments. These occasions include: D-TEA 2010 (HEC & Polytechnique, Paris, June 2010), LSEís Choice Group Seminar (LSE, September 2010)...
10.1016/j.jet.2015.11.006
article
en
2,015
false
false
true
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
Because of the high heritability of non-metric variations [16, 31] , these phenotypic data are studied in order to assess the social structure of necropolises [31, 44, [47] [48] [49]. In particular, teeth are often singled out for their potential to identify biological relatives [50] [51] [52] and even siblings [1...
10.1371/journal.pone.0159688
article
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2,016
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false
Arts and Humanities
https://openalex.org/fields/12
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Microtomographic record The UM2 were scanned on Skyscan 1076 X-ray equipment set at the MRI platform (University Montpellier 2, France). Acquisitions were realized according to the following parameters: 100 kV voltage, 100 μA current, a 1. 0 mm aluminum filter and a rotation step each 0. 20°. The software Nrecon v1. 6....
10.1371/journal.pone.0159688
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2,016
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false
Arts and Humanities
https://openalex.org/fields/12
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Geometric morphometric analysis of EDJ shape Using the software Viewbox 4 (dHAL software, Kifissia, Greece), a 3D template of 114 points was created with an assemblage of three sets of 3D landmarks (S5 Fig). Compared to studies aiming to assess variations at a macroevolutionary scale [91, 95] , a large number of landm...
10.1371/journal.pone.0159688
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2,016
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false
Arts and Humanities
https://openalex.org/fields/12
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The intercluster distance values are relatively small, suggesting a high homogeneity within the population. Whichever the dataset used (see S9 Fig and S10 Fig for cluster analyses performed on 2D variables, on enamel and on dentin components, separately), the results of cluster analysis could be divided into two main c...
10.1371/journal.pone.0159688
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2,016
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Arts and Humanities
https://openalex.org/fields/12
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Acknowledgments MicroCT data used in this study were produced through the microCT facilities of the MRI platform and LabEx CeMEB. The authors are grateful to Renaud Lebrun ( Université Montpellier 2 ) for his help with microCT acquisitions and Eline Schotsmans for her help on the English manuscript. For fruitful d...
10.1371/journal.pone.0159688
article
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2,016
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false
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false
Arts and Humanities
https://openalex.org/fields/12
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The research was supported by the Research National Agency through the DHP project (dir: S. Rottier ; 2012-14 ; Université Bordeaux 1/ LaScArBx ; ANR-10-LABX-52 ) and the PEPS 3Dent'in (dir: P. Bayle ; 2013-14 ; PEPS IdEx Bordeaux/CNRS ; ANR-10-IDEX-03-02 ). M. Le Luyer benefited from a doctoral grant of t...
10.1371/journal.pone.0159688
article
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2,016
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false
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false
Arts and Humanities
https://openalex.org/fields/12
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All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. All 3D surface models are available from the MorphoMuseuM database (DOI: 10. 18563/m3. 2. 1. e1).
10.1371/journal.pone.0159688
article
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2,016
true
false
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false
Arts and Humanities
https://openalex.org/fields/12
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Our categorization currently comprises more than 400 subfields or technical specialties (e. g. databases) for about 40 fields of study (e. g. computer science). Our team then used this material in the process of providing lexical entries, for its categorization. This step of the project is particularly important in ord...
10.14705/rpnet.2016.eurocall2016.613
preprint
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Computer Science
https://openalex.org/fields/17
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Conclusion Cognitive ergonomics literature has taught us that no matter how innovative a tool is, it only starts to exist when it is used, i. e. to properly analyze a tool (or instrument), one needs to consider it in the context of its actual use (Rabardel, 1995). As a follow-up research study, we have assumed so far ...
10.14705/rpnet.2016.eurocall2016.613
preprint
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Computer Science
https://openalex.org/fields/17
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Acknowledgements We would like to thank all the language teachers, colleagues from different fields, interns who made and are still making this project both a wonderful scientific and human experience. We would also like to thank the team of Lexicosciences for their collaboration and exchange of corpus data.
10.14705/rpnet.2016.eurocall2016.613
preprint
en
2,016
false
false
true
false
Computer Science
https://openalex.org/fields/17
cc-by
Acknowledgements The present paper is dedicated to the memory of two departed giants in the realm of spatial ecology, Ilkka Hanski and Richard Levins , whose work has been a great source of inspiration for us and many of our colleagues. This work was conducted as a part of the 'Stoichiometry in metaecosystems' worki...
10.1038/ncomms12457
article
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2,016
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false
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/11
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Participants This research employed a nationally representative probability sample of 813 Hungarians, selected randomly from an Internetenabled panel, including 20,000 members, with the help of the Solid Data Ltd. , in October-November 2014. For the preparation of the sample, a multiple-step, proportionally stratified,...
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01525
article
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2,016
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false
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false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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RESULTS Descriptive statistics of the above-mentioned questionnaires with ranges, summed scores, standard deviations, and intercorrelations can be seen in Table 1 (see the Dataset here). Individual differences in terms of Big Five traits and BIDR dimensions were either unrelated to or very weakly related to CAT score...
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01525
article
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false
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false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The first author (GO) was supported by the Hungarian Research Fund ( NKFI PD 106027 , 116686 ) and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences ( Lendület Project LP2012-36 ).
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01525
article
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2,016
false
false
true
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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There has been much recent interest in the potential opportunities for extracting information contained in large datasets arising through big data initiatives and the many crowdsourcing activities. Much of this interest relates to the high data volumes and low cost of crowdsourced data and to the opportunities for extr...
10.1007/s10707-016-0248-z
article
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2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
The term 'crowdsourcing' originally referred to the ability of citizens to validate and correct the errors that an individual might make and to potentially arrive at some truth [14]. A recent example is the Geo-Wiki project. This web-based interface to Google Earth was initially used to validate a global biofuels avai...
10.1007/s10707-016-0248-z
article
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2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Platforms and activities such as Wikipedia and OpenStreetMap benefit from crowdsourcing in its original sense: that of different citizens arriving at a collective view of what the truth is (with apologies to Pickles [18] ). This consensual 'Linus's Law' approach generally produces acceptable outcomes, although with so...
10.1007/s10707-016-0248-z
article
en
2,016
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false
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Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Data and study area This analysis used Geo-Wiki land cover data. The Geo-Wiki initiative [15] collects volunteered data on land cover in order to support a number of activities that range from land cover data validation to land cover data creation [16]. Geo-Wiki has web and smartphone app interfaces, is open to anyo...
10.1007/s10707-016-0248-z
article
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2,016
true
false
false
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Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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The reclassification was the same as that reported in [4]. It was devised by the Geo-Wiki team led by Steffen Fritz and the class to class relations were agreed by consensus by 3 experts using images and discussing them together. The GlobCover thematic aggregations are shown in Table 1. In this research, data from tw...
10.1007/s10707-016-0248-z
article
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2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Geographically weighted crowdsourced data A discontinuous geographic kernel was used to select crowdsourced data at each location on a 50km grid as shown in Figure 1. The idea was to use the land cover data points falling under the kernel to infer the land cover present at the centre of the kernel (i. e. a grid point)...
10.1007/s10707-016-0248-z
article
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2,016
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false
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false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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At each location the land cover with the greatest belief was identified for each method and was compared with the GlobCover 2009 land cover class. A correspondence matrix was created and the overall correspondence for that method was calculated from the diagonals. Any locations where no land cover class was allocated (...
10.1007/s10707-016-0248-z
article
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2,016
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true
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Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Comparison with reference data The analyses were run for 30 bandwidths of 5km to 150km in intervals of 5km. At each location on a 50km grid and for each evidence combination method, the class with the greatest support was identified and compared with the land cover class at the same location from the aggregated Globcov...
10.1007/s10707-016-0248-z
article
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2,016
true
false
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false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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First that we do not know how reliable the reference data were: a different global dataset may well have generated different results. In a similar vein, the approach here was to 'crisp off' combined belief (essentially soft classifications) into Boolean classes. This is to ignore much of the uncertainty embedded in the...
10.1007/s10707-016-0248-z
article
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Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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The maps and other figures illustrates how they treat There are a couple of further issues to note. First, here a number of bandwidths were explored. Methods exist for selecting the bandwidth automatically, for example using a leave-one-out cross validation procedure which optimises the prediction probability for each ...
10.1007/s10707-016-0248-z
article
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Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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The geographically weighted evidence combination methods (Dempster-Shafer, Bayesian Probability, Fuzzy Sets and Possibility Theory, GW Average) provide a suite of approaches for assessing belief and for combining conflicting information when mining large crowdsourced datasets, whether the data are contributed actively ...
10.1007/s10707-016-0248-z
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Social Sciences
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Acknowledgements This work was undertaken under the EU COST TD1202 'Mapping and the citizen sensor'. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers whose comments helped significantly improve this article.
10.1007/s10707-016-0248-z
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Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Data analysis The data analysis was performed concurrently with data collection according to the Grounded Theory approach. This allowed a constant comparison between collected data and analyzed data and to identify new hypotheses. The first three authors (SK, GB and BL) performed the analysis in four steps. They were a...
10.1186/s12909-016-0754-6
article
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2,016
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true
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Health Professions
https://openalex.org/fields/36
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Axial coding was performed by one of us (SK) using mind mapping with Freemind 1. 0 ® software. The other authors (GB, BL) used NVivo 8 ® for axial coding. At each step, the three authors compared their analyses. This method of triangulation aimed to validate the similarities or to obtain a consensus about their discrep...
10.1186/s12909-016-0754-6
article
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2,016
false
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false
Health Professions
https://openalex.org/fields/36
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A similar study could be led with young doctors in other specialties. This would show whether the factors determining their choices of practice are the same and throw light on what really determines the global primary health care supply in France. didn't create a file with GPs' personal data in our If we submitted the ...
10.1186/s12909-016-0754-6
article
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2,016
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Health Professions
https://openalex.org/fields/36
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Acknowledgements We thank the "GROupe Universitaire de recherche qualitative Médicale Francophone" (GROUM. F) for training the first three authors in concepts and techniques of the qualitative research. We also thank Ray Cooke for copyediting the manuscript.
10.1186/s12909-016-0754-6
article
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2,016
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Health Professions
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Data Sources This study used data from the Cambodia Demographic Health surveys (CDHS) conducted in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2014 (Macro international Inc. , Opinion Research Corporation (ORC Macro), Caverlton, MD, USA). The DHS surveys collect information on household demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and on c...
10.3390/nu8050297
article
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2,016
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Nursing
https://openalex.org/fields/29
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Indicators Used The household wealth index was constructed by principal component analysis, as described by Filmer and Pritchett [14]. The wealth index is a composite measure of a household's living standard that was calculated using data consistently available over time. It gathers information regarding accessibility...
10.3390/nu8050297
article
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2,016
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Nursing
https://openalex.org/fields/29
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Acknowledgements J. -B. A. was funded by the CNRS through a PEPS project and S. N. was founded by the CNR through the H2Swarm European Science Foundation project. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their thorough reading of the manuscript and their very insightful comments.
10.1038/srep32785
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Social Sciences
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Participants Participants included in our study came from the Safe Move cohort, which comprised 1200 drivers over 70 years old. The calibration of their cognitive abilities was determined by comparing their objective and subjective cognitive performances. The objective cognitive performances were determined using the r...
10.1007/s12544-016-0207-7
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2,016
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Health Professions
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These subjective data allowed classification of participants depending on the perception of their own cognitive abilities as: Bbetter than the others^, Blike the others^, or Bworse than the others^. By crossing the objective and subjective data, three profiles of drivers emerged: UEs (15 % of the cohort, or 180 drivers...
10.1007/s12544-016-0207-7
article
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false
Health Professions
https://openalex.org/fields/36
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Participant characteristics Of the 80 expected participants included in our study, 67 finished the experiment. As specified in the introduction, this study presents some preliminary results. The data from additional participants will be presented in a forthcoming article. Of the 67 participants, 40 completed the CT (18...
10.1007/s12544-016-0207-7
article
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2,016
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false
Health Professions
https://openalex.org/fields/36
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Although there are currently no normative data to quantify the improvement with the TRIP tactical sub-score, a previous study showed that patients who suffered from Parkinson's disease had, on average, four points less than controls [67]. It would be useful to compare these data with findings from different population...
10.1007/s12544-016-0207-7
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Health Professions
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Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) which supported this research ( ANR-11-VPTT-001-SAFE MOVE ).
10.1007/s12544-016-0207-7
article
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2,016
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Health Professions
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Acknowledgements We are indebted to the curators who granted us access to the collections in their care: A. Folie & I. Jadin (RBINS), N. Cauwe & L. Paquay (RMAH), J. -L. Schütz ( Grand Curtius Museum ), B. Clarys (CHAPG), and C. Jungels ( Préhistosite de Ramioul ). We thank A. & G. Jourdan , E. Dewamme & A....
10.1038/srep29005
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Social Sciences
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These studies justify that in order to identify mechanisms or causal chains linking environmental challenges, AL and subsequent health, a life course approach is required, particularly if interventions are to be implemented. To study such complex mechanisms, implicating direct and indirect effects of adverse exposures ...
10.14301/llcs.v7i1.325
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Social Sciences
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Together, I hope these small reflections can contribute to further thought and discussion on the theory of AL, and I am sincerely looking forward to the authors' response. into the framework of ecosocial theory. Of course many other mechanisms of embodiment deserve further exploration in terms of environmental conditio...
10.14301/llcs.v7i1.325
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Social Sciences
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Acknowledgements All authors contributed to the conceptualisation and design of this paper via dedicated meetings and workshops. Cyrille Delpierre and Michelle Kelly--Irving drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to the writing of subsequent drafts. This project received funding from INCa--Cancéropôle GS...
10.14301/llcs.v7i1.325
article
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Social Sciences
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Several methods were employed to ensure that the search for pertinent studies was all-encompassing. Articles included were published in English, in a peerreview journal (excluding books, theses, and dissertations) after 2000 (before this date, few households had access to computers and Internet). ...
10.1556/2006.5.2016.035
review
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Psychology
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Acknowledgements This work has been supported through EC funding for the FP7 ICT-2013. 3. 3 project PiezoMAT ( 611019 ).
10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.374
article
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2,016
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Engineering
https://openalex.org/fields/22
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Study design and study sample This study was part of the SPOTLIGHT project (36), conducted in five urban regions in Belgium, France, Hungary, the Netherlands and the UK. Sampling of neighbourhoods and recruitment of participants has been described in detail elsewhere (37). Briefly, neighbourhood sampling was based on ...
10.1111/obr.12374
article
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false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Across all five locations the average area of a neighbourhood was 1. 5 km 2 , and the mean population density was 2,700 inhabitants per neighbourhood. Detailed characteristics of the neighbourhoods are described elsewhere (37). Data on residential density were obtained from the Urban Atlas database (European Environm...
10.1111/obr.12374
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false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Presence of destinations in the residential neighbourhood Objective environmental data on destinations in the neighbourhood were collected using the validated SPOTLIGHT Virtual Audit Tool (S-VAT) (39). Intra-observer reliability of the tool ranged from 92% agreement (kappa = 0. 65) to 100% agreement (kappa = 1. 00), a...
10.1111/obr.12374
article
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2,016
true
false
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false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Using a standard operating procedure, researchers collected data on 40 different items in each street segment (39). 'Destinations' recorded in this audit were indoor recreational facilities, outdoor recreational facilities, public parks, café or bars, takeaway restaurants, fast food restaurants, restaurants, on-street...
10.1111/obr.12374
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2,016
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Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Statistical analyses After exclusion of individuals who could not be allocated to one of the 59 selected neighbourhoods (n = 732), a sample of 5,205 participants was available for analyses. Differences in characteristics of individuals perceiving none, few and many barriers are examined using ANOVA and chi-Square tests...
10.1111/obr.12374
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Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Missing values were imputed using Predictive Mean Matching in SPSS version 22. 0. All variables described in the methods section were entered in the imputation models (50). Multilevel multivariable logistic regression models with random intercepts were used to explore the associations of number of individual perceived...
10.1111/obr.12374
article
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2,016
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false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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It may be that when there are ample opportunities to be physically active, individuals may become more motivated (or may need less motivation) to perform physical activity (26, 27). Finally, objective data on the presence of destinations was collected using a virtual audit tool in Google Street View. Images depicted o...
10.1111/obr.12374
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false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Acknowledgements The SPOTLIGHT project was funded by the Seventh Framework Programme ( CORDIS FP7 ) of the European Commission , HEALTH ( FP7-HEALTH-2011-two-stage ), grant agreement no. 278186. The content of this article reflects only the authors' views, and the European Commission is not liable for any use ...
10.1111/obr.12374
article
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Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Functional benchmarks The third series of benchmarks evaluated orthology in terms of functional similarity. Although orthology is an evolutionary and not a functional relationship, we chose to include functional benchmarks for two reasons. First, for similar levels of sequence divergence, orthologs have been shown to b...
10.1038/nmeth.3830
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
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Note: Any Supplementary Information and Source Data files are available in the online version of the paper. online methods Quest for orthologs reference proteomes and species tree. The QfO consortium has defined a consensus data set of proteomes and common file formats 6, 7 to be used by diverse orthology inference m...
10.1038/nmeth.3830
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2,016
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false
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13