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The QfO Reference Proteomes are a manually compiled subset of the UniProt reference proteomes, comprising well-annotated model organisms and organisms of interest for biomedical research and phylogeny, with the intention to provide broad coverage of the tree of life. These complete, nonredundant reference proteomes are...
10.1038/nmeth.3830
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2,016
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
cc-by
1 ). The internal nodes of this reference species tree have assigned confidence levels based on the agreement among the resources surveyed (L90: congruent, significant branch support; L70: congruent; L50: one alternative species tree topology; L30: default level; L10: two or more alternative species tree topologies hav...
10.1038/nmeth.3830
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2,016
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
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embl. de) is a database of Orthologous Groups (OGs) and functional annotation covering prokaryotic and eukaryotic species. Since version 4. 1, the EggNOG method is also capable of producing fine-grained (for example, pairwise) orthology predictions based on the automated analysis of phylogenetic trees. For this study, ...
10.1038/nmeth.3830
article
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2,016
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
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3 (ref. 46). The phylogenetic approach used included testing three aligners (MAFFT 47 v6. 861b, Muscle 48 v3. 8. 31 and Clustal Omega 49 v1. 2. 1) and five evolutionary models (LG, WAG, JTT, VT and MtREV); applying alignment consensus and soft trimming techniques (M-Coffee 50 v10, trimAl 51 v1. 3); and using maximum li...
10.1038/nmeth.3830
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2,016
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
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However, Treebest (the software used to build phylogenetic trees) had to be adapted to accept alignments of protein sequences. Treebest makes a consensus out of trees built with various phylogenetic methods and some of them required nucleotide sequences, which were not provided in the QfO data set. The list of maximum-...
10.1038/nmeth.3830
article
en
2,016
true
true
false
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
cc-by
0 (labeled Inparanoid (core)). The predictions were submitted to the benchmark service in June 2011. MetaPhOrs 31 (Meta Phylogeny-based Orthologs) is a repository of orthologs and paralogs that were computed using phylogenetic trees available in several databases or computed from graph-based orthologous groups. For e...
10.1038/nmeth.3830
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
cc-by
(iii) Lastly, we constructed hierarchical orthologous groups (OMA HOGs). These are nested groups that contain genes that descend from a single common ancestral gene within a given taxonomic range using the GETHOGs algorithm 54. The predictions were submitted to the benchmark service in June 2011 (OMA pairs and groups)...
10.1038/nmeth.3830
article
en
2,016
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true
false
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
cc-by
PANTHER 8. 0 22 is based on version 8. 0 of the PANTHER database (http://pantherdb. org), released in 2012 (the current version is 10. 0, released in 2015). Family membership of each sequence is based on HMM scoring to the PANTHER 'library' of HMMs (at both the family and subfamily levels). Sequences were aligned wit...
10.1038/nmeth.3830
article
en
2,016
true
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
cc-by
5 across the whole data set were called orthologs. The predictions were submitted to the benchmark service in June 2013. RBH 24 (Reciprocal best hit) is a classic method consisting of identifying the pairs of genes with mutually highest alignment score between every pair of species. Here, we use reciprocal blastp hit...
10.1038/nmeth.3830
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
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The database is no longer maintained, but the source code is still available at https://github. com/todddeluca/reciprocal_smallest_distance/. To identify orthologs, we ran the algorithm with divergence and E-value cutoffs of 0. 8 and 1e-5, respectively. The predictions were submitted to the benchmark service in Februar...
10.1038/nmeth.3830
article
en
2,016
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true
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
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Finally, we combine all the families by building averages of the rates. As an example, for the positive predictive value this results in, Functional tests. We downloaded the Gene Ontology annotations 62 for all the genes in the reference genomes from the November 2014 release of UniProt-GOA 35 and excluded any anno...
10.1038/nmeth.3830
article
en
2,016
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
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ACknowledGments This work was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation grant PP00P3_150654 (to C. D. ), UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council grant BB/L018241/1 (to C. D. ), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness grant BIO2012-37161 (to T. G. ), Qatar National Research Fu...
10.1038/nmeth.3830
article
en
2,016
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false
true
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
cc-by
Code availability. The source code is available under an open source license (Mozilla Public License Version 2. 0) at https:// github. com/qfo/benchmark-webservice.
10.1038/nmeth.3830
article
en
2,016
false
true
false
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
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In this study, the considered sectors are three: industry, commerce and service areas. The sectoral GVA for the starting period is taken from the Eurostat online database (year 2006), whereas the sectoral GVA for subsequent year is derived from an economic projection derived by the GEM-E3 model (E3M-LAB 2010). The GEM-...
10.1080/09640568.2016.1221801
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
cc-by
Measuring the impact of the 2020 land-take milestone All the proposed indicators are computed for year 2020, taking into account the milestone for 2020 (i. e. being on track towards a 'no net land take' by 2050). Table 1 contains the specific indicators that were used to assess the land-take milestone, the land-use i...
10.1080/09640568.2016.1221801
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
cc-by
Acknowledgements The work herein presented is executed with the support of the Administrative Arrangement between DG ENV and JRC on "Support for improving land-use modelling for informing environmental policy making. ".
10.1080/09640568.2016.1221801
article
en
2,016
false
false
true
false
Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
cc-by
Individual Data Individual data (particularly preterm birth) came from birth records of the district office of maternal and childhood protection, via the mandatory health certificates at birth completed by the maternity prior to an infant's discharge. Validation of the individual data drawn from birth records was carri...
10.3390/ijerph13080796
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
Area-Level Data Area-level socioeconomic status was characterized by the European Deprivation Index (EDI). The geographical units used were IRIS (regrouped statistical information blocks) as defined by the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE), an IRIS representing the smallest geographi...
10.3390/ijerph13080796
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
EDI was divided into tertiles. The higher the index, the more the IRIS is considered to be deprived [28]. The data needed for its construction were drawn from the population census carried out by INSEE in 2007. Mothers' addresses were geocoded at the IRIS level through a correlation map effective in 1999. The map was ...
10.3390/ijerph13080796
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
During a given trimester of pregnancy, each mother-neonate pair had several samples taken (from 1 to 34): 75% of pairs had one sample, 23% two and 2% three. We calculated the mean atrazine metabolite concentration for each trimester. When the mean was above the LQ, atrazine metabolite exposure was defined as positive f...
10.3390/ijerph13080796
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
Analysis Dataset All live births in Deux-Sèvres from 1 January 2005 through 31 December 2010 of neonates whose mothers lived in the district at the time of birth and whose birth certificates had been recorded (n = 24,316), that is to say 98% of the declared births, were included in the analyses.
10.3390/ijerph13080796
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
Exclusions to the Dataset Included Multiple births, early deaths (before birth record completion) and newborns with congenital malformations were excluded. Mothers residing in municipalities supplied by several CWSs, mothers who were exposed to other pesticides in drinking-water, or who had undergone no measurement of ...
10.3390/ijerph13080796
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
Statistical Analysis We firstly have imputed left censored data of exposure to atrazine metabolite (57% of data) with a maximum likelihood estimation method for repeated measures (PROC NLMIXED) [31]. We examined association between each individual risk factor, neighborhood deprivation, exposure and preterm birth with ...
10.3390/ijerph13080796
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
We carried out sensitivity analysis separately mother/neonate pairs from 2004 to 2006 and from 2007 to 2010, as LQ changed in 2007, and as usually the global level of atrazine in water distribution systems decrease over time. The analysis have been done for both degradates (hydroxyatrazine and desethylatrazine) in a se...
10.3390/ijerph13080796
article
en
2,016
false
true
false
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
Results Out of 24,316 pairs we excluded 5091 through exclusion criteria and 69% of the births were successfully geocoded. We also excluded 1669 pairs because of missing IRIS and 3092 because of missing atrazine exposure. Sample included 13,654 mother/neonate pairs (Figure 1 ), belonging to 279 IRIS and supplied by 51 ...
10.3390/ijerph13080796
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
Were the same type of study to be performed on a geographically larger, regional or inter-regional sample, it would undoubtedly improve exploration of the effect of residential context on risk of preterm birth. A limitation of the study arises from the database and study population. The database was quite exhaustive be...
10.3390/ijerph13080796
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
We are thus likely to have a selection bias that underestimated the rate of preterm birth in this study as well as the relationship between exposure to atrazine metabolites and preterm birth when preterm neonates are more exposed. However, we found the expected relationship between some individual data, such as history...
10.3390/ijerph13080796
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
We lacked data on socio-economic factors such as education level that were not recorded in the database. However, we used maternal occupation, which is a good indicator of socio-economic status [44]. As social factors, we used the single-parent status. We lacked complete data on adverse behaviors but the only type of ...
10.3390/ijerph13080796
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
As preterm birth is particularly susceptible to repeated and accumulated stressors, it would be interesting to understand environmental and socioeconomic life course by analyzing EDCs exposure and neighborhood deprivation through time with longitudinally methods [46]. We would have to use another database indicating t...
10.3390/ijerph13080796
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
Acknowledgments: We wish to thank the Agence Régionale de Santé and particularly Paul Lechuga and Michel Guitton for having enabled this study to be carried out by agreeing to share their data on drinking-water nitrate and pesticide measurements. We wish to thank the Conseil Général des Deux-Sèvres , service de ...
10.3390/ijerph13080796
article
en
2,016
false
false
true
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
Study Selection All of the epidemiological studies assessing the prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents in the CWS were included in the present work. To identify the relevant studies, we reviewed the following databases up to January 30, 2015, and the beginning years of searching were selected accor...
10.1097/md.0000000000002622
review
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
Selection of Studies and Data Extraction Two authors (GB and MA) screened the titles and abstracts of the database records and retrieved the full texts for eligibility assessment and independently examined the full-text records for eligibility. Disagreements were resolved by consensus discussion. The articles of the st...
10.1097/md.0000000000002622
review
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
The factors associated with heterogeneity at P < 0. 05 were subsequently included in multivariate metaregression models. The analyses were performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (version 2. 0, National Institute of Health) and the STATA statistical software package, version 10 (Stata-Corp 2007, College Sta...
10.1097/md.0000000000002622
review
en
2,016
false
true
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
2 studies included IdenƟficaƟon Records idenƟfied through database searching (n =1219) AddiƟonal records idenƟfied through other sources (n = 0) Records aŌer duplicates removed (n = 1200) Screening Records screened Records excluded (n =1200) (n =1188) Eligibility Full-text arƟcles assessed for eligibility (n = 12) Full...
10.1097/md.0000000000002622
review
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
foetuses of sloths or focused on the developmental sequence of their skeleton 14, 15. However, these do not detail the development of the teeth or provide a comparative basis upon which to analyse possible homologies with the dentition of other mammals. Using a large dataset of scanned foetuses of sloths, we provide d...
10.1038/srep27763
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Earth and Planetary Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/19
cc-by
25 ; they occur transiently during development in all members of a population, and on occasion persist into maturity. While both extant genera have similar development of the lower teeth, including the mineralization of paired mesial vestigial teeth (dv), differences are evident on the upper jaw, with Bradypus display...
10.1038/srep27763
article
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2,016
true
false
false
false
Earth and Planetary Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/19
cc-by
g. , dP3-4 28, 29 ) although the proposed sequence is only based on two foetal Bradypus specimens. The vestigial premaxillary teeth (dVpmx) of Bradypus likely correspond to vestigial incisors that are resorbed during development and are never observed in adult specimens, not even as anomalies 12. The relative timing...
10.1038/srep27763
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Earth and Planetary Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/19
cc-by
Methods We sampled material from collections of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (ZMB), the Natural History Museum of London (BMNH), the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris (MNHN), and the Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique in Brussels (IRSNB). A total of 25 unsexed sloth foetuses were examine...
10.1038/srep27763
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Earth and Planetary Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/19
cc-by
Assignment to a relative developmental stage was based on the Skull Length (SL) and the number of discrete ossification centres throughout the skeleton 15, 53, 54. 3-D data acquisition. Skulls were imaged using high-resolution microtomography (μCT) at the Helmholtz Zentrum (Berlin, Germany), at the Natural History Mus...
10.1038/srep27763
article
en
2,016
false
true
false
false
Earth and Planetary Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/19
cc-by
Acknowledgements We are grateful to M. Herbin , C. Bens , G. Véron , A. Verguin , F. Renoult , C. Denys and J. Cuisin ( Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris ), Peter Giere and Frieder Mayer ( Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin ) Paula Jenkins and Roberto Portela Miguez ( Natural History Museum, Londo...
10.1038/srep27763
article
en
2,016
false
false
true
false
Earth and Planetary Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/19
cc-by
We acknowledge financial support from the Grant F/09 364/I from the Leverhulme Trust. This work has benefited from an " Investissements d' Avenir " grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche, France (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01 ). This publication is contribution No. ISEM 2016-081 of the Institut des Sci...
10.1038/srep27763
article
en
2,016
false
false
true
false
Earth and Planetary Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/19
cc-by
This article organizes published and unpublished material related to breadfruit in Vanuatu, with a focus on ethnobotanical data recorded from the first contacts with European voyagers and missionaries to the most recent survey conducted in 2009. Some lines for future research on breadfruit.
10.14237/ebl.7.1.2016.582
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
Breadfruit Cultivars Vanuatu is one of the most diverse nations in terms of the number of indigenous languages per head of population. Tryon (1997) quoted a figure of 113 languages, some of them spoken by a handful of people. Because of the biology of breadfruit, which is heterozygous and sometimes propagated by seeds...
10.14237/ebl.7.1.2016.582
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
But when they had accumulated several thousands of anomalies, they decided to build a webapplication. They also invented a "table of anomalies", a printed A4 sheet distributed during photowalks in order to keep track of all anomalies noticed. This "table" -useful because it could be transportable during photowalks -was...
10.15847/obsobs0020161088
article
en
2,016
false
true
false
false
Computer Science
https://openalex.org/fields/17
cc-by
Represented on a map of RosYama, every pothole becomes part of a struggle against corruption (Ermoshina, 2014: a). The app reinforces particular cases, inscribes them into a bigger movement, helps producing statistics on sensible issues, on which state institutions do not have data or are not willing to share this dat...
10.15847/obsobs0020161088
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Computer Science
https://openalex.org/fields/17
cc-by
I approach the fieldwork through the questionings I previously exposed, in order to make generalizations based on the raw data I collected. I am using a qualitative approach in order to get a in-depth insight of the interviewees' personal path, of their experience as tourists and of their representations about France a...
10.2991/atf-16.2016.75
article
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2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
2009; Chakroun and Zaghbib Turki, in press ). Unfortunately, the sedimentary deposits covering the internal and external surfaces of the shells limited observation and the descriptive terminology. Our observations were compared to the former data of P. Pallary (1934) and H. Sidi Maamar (1987). However, we did not re-ex...
10.4000/paleo.3235
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
5l ). We also observed rare fragments of Stramonita haemastoma shells, a widespread gastropod in Upper Pleistocene Mediterranean deposits (Chakroun, Zaghbib-Turki, Moncef-Turki 2016; Chakroun and Zaghbib-Turki in press). This rather large-sized species (50-60 mm) is adorned with tubers and characterized by a last devel...
10.4000/paleo.3235
article
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2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Conclusion 53 The malacological collection from Abri Alain comes from an excavation carried out at the beginning of the 20 th century. This collection has undergone a complex history, perhaps with different occupation periods, but has nonetheless yielded unprecedented results on subsistence and the symbolic behaviour o...
10.4000/paleo.3235
article
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2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
I am grateful to Dick Carter , Guillaume Dezecache , Martin Fortier , Richard Moore and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and references. This research has been supported by an ERC Advanced Grant 'Dividnorm' # 269616 , and by two institutional grants: ANR-10-LABX-0087 IEC and ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL....
10.1111/mila.12100
article
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2,016
false
false
true
false
Psychology
https://openalex.org/fields/32
cc-by
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Francis Schaffner , who provides the cylindrical vessel of black plastic container to perform the experiments and to Erion Muhaxhiri for technical assistance. This work has been funded by Institute of Public Health, Tirana and the EU grant FP7-261504 EDENext , and is...
10.1186/s13071-016-1501-x
article
en
2,016
false
false
true
false
Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
cc-by
Acknowledgments We are grateful to all of the shepherds and sheep breeders who agreed to contribute to our time-consuming interviews and observations. Our thanks also to the anonymous reviewers and to Thom van Dooren for thoughtful critiques of the manuscript.
10.1215/22011919-3527704
article
en
2,016
false
false
true
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
Acknowledgments We are grateful for funding from the National Research Agency (ANR) , which provided support for the doctoral position of R. S. through the AMTools French ANR project ( ANR-11-AGRO-0005 ). We thank G. O'Neill for his invaluable help on the subject and the many informative discussions. Finally, we t...
10.1111/rec.12343
article
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2,016
false
false
true
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
Database -GMES Urban Atlas Land-use patterns for the identification of the particularities of the urban morphology of Iasi and Lyon are derived from the GMES Urban Atlas, that is a database developed by the European Environment Agency (EEA). This database represents a significant improvement from Corinne Land Cover dat...
10.5593/sgem2016/b23/s11.001
article
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2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
Methodology Taking into account the fact that the GMES Urban Atlas provides, as mentioned above, data concerning the land-use types in an urban area, the methodology used in this study is limited to the analysis of the land-use patterns, that were derived using indicators that focus on identifying spatial patterns of t...
10.5593/sgem2016/b23/s11.001
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
Therefore, when analyzing the morphology of an urban area, one should not forget that the urban tissue keeps the memory of the past through its spatial structures, a good evidence being the fact that the socialist policies could not alter the already built-up environment and therefore created new spatial structures, wh...
10.5593/sgem2016/b23/s11.001
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
cc-by
Various studies assessed the levels and identified the determinants of maternal malnutrition in Ethiopia using large-scale datasets, some of which focused on smaller geographical areas (8, 9) , while others were representative of the entire country (6, 10). Although health outcomes heavily depend on contextual factor...
10.3402/gha.v9.30204
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Nursing
https://openalex.org/fields/29
cc-by
Methods Our analysis was based on the third comprehensive Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) 2011 dataset. The survey was conducted to provide information mainly on fertility, family planning, HIV/ AIDS, maternal and child health, and nutrition indicators at the national and regional levels. A stratified t...
10.3402/gha.v9.30204
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Nursing
https://openalex.org/fields/29
cc-by
Statistical analysis The EDHS data has a hierarchical structure, as women are grouped within clusters. This structure often yields data that are correlated and thus cannot be assumed independent. A multilevel approach adequately represents the unexplained variability of the nested structure, which is often difficult to...
10.3402/gha.v9.30204
article
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2,016
true
false
false
false
Nursing
https://openalex.org/fields/29
cc-by
Finally, we reported the posterior odds ratio (OR) and 95% Bayesian credible intervals (CrI) for each of the variables in the full model (Model 3). The statistical significance was based on the non-inclusion of 1. 0 in the 95% CrI. The statistical analysis was performed in STATA/IC 12. 1 using runmlwin command, a progr...
10.3402/gha.v9.30204
article
en
2,016
false
true
false
false
Nursing
https://openalex.org/fields/29
cc-by
Our study presents some limitations. First, BMI is influenced by the body shapes found in a population with heterogeneous body proportions (the ratio of leg-length to torso-length) (1). As the EDHS dataset lacks a sitting length that can be used to standardize the BMI, we used the BMI provided in the survey. Second, si...
10.3402/gha.v9.30204
article
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2,016
true
false
false
false
Nursing
https://openalex.org/fields/29
cc-by
Acknowledgements We acknowledge the DHS Program for providing access to the EDHS dataset including the GPS data. We thank Mr. Fikadu Deresse for his valuable feedback on the manuscript. TDD is funded by Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS) grant ( PDR 14692731 ) for his PhD study.
10.3402/gha.v9.30204
article
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2,016
true
false
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false
Nursing
https://openalex.org/fields/29
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AGRADECIMENTOS Sanabria obteve aprovação ética por sua pesquisa da University of Cambridge e do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Seu trabalho teve o apoio do British Economic and Social Research Council (Grant PTA 03020033301669). Edmonds obteve aprovação ética da Princeton University e rec...
10.1590/s0104-59702016000100012
article
pt
2,016
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Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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e. , the time spent within or outside the residential neighborhood, itself linked to daily mobility patterns, and the range of difference between residential and non-residential environments may vary according to individual profiles. This means that magnitudes of misclassification in measures of exposure based on home ...
10.3390/ijerph13030250
letter
en
2,016
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Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Acknowledgments: Yan Kestens holds a CIHR Applied Public Health Chair in Urban Interventions and Population Health.
10.3390/ijerph13030250
letter
en
2,016
false
false
true
false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Reliable aging techniques for wild animals are notoriously challenging to develop because of the scarcity of sizeable collections of known-age specimens. Without such techniques it is difficult to reconstruct hunting patterns, which is a significant problem for the examination of assemblages from pre-farming cultures. ...
10.1002/oa.2523
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Assessing age-related variations in crown heights Where the teeth were fully erupted, crown height measurements were taken for the deciduous fourth premolar (Dp4), the permanent fourth premolar (P4) and the first, second and third molars (M1, M2, M3). These crown height measurements were taken on the lingual surface, f...
10.1002/oa.2523
article
en
2,016
true
false
false
false
Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Archaeological and deer management applications The methods presented above were applied to archaeological Dama mandible bones collated as part of the AHRC-funded Dama International Project: this includes physical specimens as well as photographic records sent by researchers from across Europe. Data for 77 archaeologic...
10.1002/oa.2523
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en
2,016
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Conclusion Up to now, in the absence of a standardized dental aging method for fallow deer, examinations of human-Dama relationships have been restricted and detailed studies concerning hunting and management strategies have not been possible. By developing a tested system based on collections of known-age fallow deer,...
10.1002/oa.2523
article
en
2,016
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false
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false
Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Acknowledgements This paper was written during a period of research leave funded by the University of Nottingham. The research was funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council ( Standard Grant AH/I026456/1 ), with additional PhD funding from the University of Nottingham's Faculty of Arts and a subvention f...
10.1002/oa.2523
article
en
2,016
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false
true
false
Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Nevertheless, the physicochemical properties range of organic compounds detected or identified with this technique is limited by sample pretreatment, chromatographic or ionization conditions. All of the detectable information is recorded and enables an a posteriori data search. HRMS is an analytical technique which all...
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.056
article
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2,016
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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MS data were acquired in centroid, resolution and MS E modes over a m/z range of 50-1,200. Typical interface conditions were optimized for maximum intensity of the mixture of target compounds as follows: nebulizer and desolvatation (drying gas) N 2 (from a nitrogen generator) flows were set at 900 and 50 L/h, respectiv...
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.056
article
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Environmental Science
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The lock spray capillary voltage was 3 kV. The protonated form of LeuEnk (m/z 556. 2771) was used to refocus the mass axis and ensure a robust accurate mass measurement throughout the procedure (Hernandez et al. , 2011). The potential mass deviation was corrected automatically during the injection. The data station wa...
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.056
article
en
2,016
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Databases Information from chromatographs (retention time) and mass spectra (accurate mass, adducts, fragment ions) enabled us to identify compounds. In order to facilitate and improve the reliability of the identification process, two databases were used: a homemade database that we developed with an injected referenc...
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.056
article
en
2,016
true
false
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Three percent of the target compounds are industrial compounds, while PCPs and their TPs represent 2 % (Figure 1Figure 1 ). The reference standards for all of these were injected and their retention times, adducts, accurate masses and fragment ions were available. The second database, which we call the "suspect" datab...
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.056
article
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2,016
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Industrial compounds represent 0. 4 % and PCPs and their TPs 1. 8 % (Figure 1Figure 1 ). Only the retention times are not available for the suspect database because there has been no injection of reference standards with the analytical methodology used in this study. Target and suspect lists are similar and around 60 ...
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.056
article
en
2,016
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Data processing Data were processed using the ChromaLynx XS Application Manager together with 2 homemade databases and MarkerLynx XS for non-target screening. Identifying all of the organic compounds present in a sample is a laborious, difficult, and time consuming task especially when compounds are present at trace le...
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.056
article
en
2,016
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false
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false
Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Advantages of POCIS for screening We used the same sorbent for both solid phase extraction (for water samples) and POCIS and the elution conditions were very similar. This suggests that there should be little difference in the compounds determined by the two methods. The sampling step is differentwater samples were col...
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.056
article
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2,016
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false
Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Target screening To highlight compounds specific to each source of contamination, all target compounds identified in both sites were compared with the target database. Both sites have agricultural sources of contamination whereas only site 1 is impacted by urban effluents. Sixty-four compounds were identified as target...
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.056
article
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2,016
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false
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false
Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Suspect screening Suspect compounds were identified using data in our suspect database. The level of identification confidence of compounds identified as suspect is lower than that of target compounds because their presence is not confirmed by the injection of a reference standard. Twenty-seven of the 280 compounds in ...
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.056
article
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2,016
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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, 2012). And simazine-2-hydroxy have four fragments: 184. 1207, 114. 0659, 97. 0389 and 69. 0094 (Diaz et al. , 2011). The presence of two herbicide TPs confirms the principal agricultural source of contamination for site 2. Terbuthylazine-desethyl-2hydroxy has been detected in groundwater elsewhere (Huntscha et al. ...
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.056
article
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2,016
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Non-target screening For the non-target analysis, MarkerLynx XS software filters the markers (characterized by retention time, exact mass and intensity) that are identified in at least two samples of a sample set (containing 18 POCIS for each site). In these 36 samples, about 12,000 markers were detected for the sample...
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.056
article
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2,016
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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It is also possible to access the elemental composition of each marker based on accurate mass (Figure 6Figure 5 ). At most, twenty results of elemental compositions could be calculated, and these were ranked by mass error. The best choices must be made as a function of mass error, isotopic pattern, fragment ions, anal...
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.056
article
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2,016
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Conclusions This study demonstrates the advantage of using POCIS for organic chemical screening. More organic compounds were detected and identified with this tool than by analyzing grab samples due to POCIS's accumulation capability. HRMS makes it possible to identify, in only one injection, targeted compounds and/or ...
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.056
article
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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This methodology revealed the presence of transformation products that had never been identified before in the sites. Their presence might be problematic with regard to current legislation on drinking water, which stipulates that the total concentration of all pesticides and their TPs must be lower than 0. 4 µg/L. The ...
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.056
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Environmental Science
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Acknowledgements This study was funded by BRGM. Authors would like to thank A. K. Bourg for its edits and reviews of this document.
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.056
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Environmental Science
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We develop and test a new model of knowledge flows in the emerging market multinational corporation (MNC) based on the way people are managed in its foreign subsidiaries. Extant literature argues that, to facilitate effective intra-MNC knowledge transfer, subsidiaries need to (a) possess human capital, (b) encourage in...
10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.08.011
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2,014
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false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Firstly, the subsidiary may use formal, codified procedures, systems and databases to reduce inefficiency (Morris et al. , 2006) and "to encourage the continuous development of employees' skills and abilities, their motivation and the effective utilization of their labour through progressive and adaptive workplace op...
10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.08.011
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2,014
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Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Data collection We tested this model through a questionnaire survey of senior subsidiary managers in fully-owned subsidiaries of Korean MNCs located in the United Kingdom, France and Germany. These three host countries were chosen because they are major locations of outward investment by Korean MNCs to Europe and also ...
10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.08.011
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2,014
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false
Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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In contrast with both previous studies in which participants lived in a developed country (England), our research investigated whether similar results would be obtained in a developing country (Romania). A second extension of our study is that we gathered socio-demographic data on each child and their family to ensure ...
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01760
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Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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776 din 12. 12. 2013. Parents were asked what their combined income including social aids was, with only two response options: "less than 850 lei, " "more than 850 lei. " This value is approximately $200. All the results found by contrasting the two schools were confirmed using parental income (above or below the minim...
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01760
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Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Calculating the Transfer Score The data about each child's preferences collected in the toy ranking task allowed us to calculate a "transfer score" that measures the relative value of the toys allocated to each person for each child. The transfer score for each child was calculated in two steps. First, we assigned each...
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01760
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Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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, on which our experiment is based, and compared the transfer scores of the children from two schools. Because two outliers were identified in our dataset, we used robust linear regression to analyze the transfer scores (outliers: N = 1 in School A with transfer score of +20; N = 1 in School B with a transfer score of ...
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01760
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Social Sciences
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Funding This research was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) under grant 313-99-230 in the framework of the MVI project " Drip Irrigation Realities in Perspective. ".
10.1080/08941920.2015.1132354
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Agricultural and Biological Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/11
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We see this first with Yu Jicai's 庾季才 (a. d. 516-603) Secret Garden of the Observatory (Lingtai miyuan 靈臺秘苑) of circa a. d. 580, then again in Li Chunfeng's 李淳風 (a. d. 602-670) Yisi zhan 乙巳占 of a. d. 656, and, by point of criticism (above), in Gautama's Kaiyuan Omen Classic. 35 omething happened in the sixth century a....
10.1163/9789004315631_015
book-chapter
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the initial research for which was conducted in 2011-12 at the Needham Research Institute with the support of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation , what evolved therefrom having been supported by the University of Chicago's Center for East Asian Studies dissertation write-up fellowship and funding from the European R...
10.1163/9789004315631_015
book-chapter
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Social Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/33
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Acknowledgements This work, which is part of the research projects CGL2013-42643P and the research grant supporting M. Iniesto were funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. The SEM facility at IMPMC was supported by Region Ile de France grant SESAME 2006 I-07-593/R , INSU-CNRS , INP-CNRS ,...
10.1038/srep25716
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/19
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Data analysis Analyses were conducted using the lme4 package (Bates et al. , 2014) of R (R Core Team, 2013). In a mixed logit regression (Jaeger, 2008) , we modeled the selection of a test item (coded as 0 or 1) independently for the extension test and the representation test. The extension test model included two c...
10.1080/15475441.2015.1127163
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Psychology
https://openalex.org/fields/32
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3 As can be seen in Figure 4 , participants were at ceiling in selecting in (1,2) in the bimodal condition. This impacted the log-estimation behind the logit model for the representation test, such that the estimates and the standard errors calculated by the model were implausibly big. To get rid of these ceiling effe...
10.1080/15475441.2015.1127163
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Psychology
https://openalex.org/fields/32
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At the end of the video, the experimenter asked the child what happened and replayed the video if the child did not understand the video or did not remember the novel word. Children were then tested whether the corrected label could apply to 3 novel test pictures. Each of the test picture was displayed below the two le...
10.1080/15475441.2015.1127163
article
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2,016
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Psychology
https://openalex.org/fields/32