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cc-by | Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Sandra Steele and Julie Tasso from Complete Medical Communications , whose administrative and medical writing support were made possible through an unrestricted educational grant from Sanofi Pasteur. The authors would also like to thank Daniel Shaw and Stephen K... | 10.1111/bju.12012 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Environmental concentrations of many biocides in air, water and soil are reported in open literature and various databases. A continuous exposure of bacterial flora by biocides in natural environments should be considered for the estimation of development of antibiotic resistance. | 10.3201/eid1907.120871 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. ABSTRACT. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 1. BACKGROUND. 2. TERMS OF REFERENCE. 3. SCIENTIFIC RATIONALE. 3. 1. Introduction. 3. 2. Scope of opinion, definition of active substances considered. 3. 2. 1. Definitions. 3. 2. 1. 1. Official definitions. 3. 2. 1. 2. Other definitions. 3. 2. 2. Active substances. 3. 3. Pr... | 10.3201/eid1907.120871 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Earth system processes exhibit complex patterns across time, as do the models that seek to replicate these processes. Model output may or may not be significantly related to observations at different times and on different frequencies. Conventional model diagnostics provide an aggregate view of model-data agreement, bu... | 10.5194/bg-10-6893-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | e. , multiple databases) to arrive at a synthesis (Friedlingstein et al. , 2006; Schwalm et al. , 2010). In other words, such studies adopt a data-intensive approach to scientific inference (Gray, 2009) , and techniques from nonlinear time-series analysis and knowledge discovery in databases (i. e. , "data mining") m... | 10.5194/bg-10-6893-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. First and foremost, we wish to thank all of the researchers involved in eddy covariance data collection and curation, and in model development and testing. P. C. Stoy thanks Matteo Detto and Aslak Grinsted for helpful discussions and code examples regarding wavelet coherence and the National Scie... | 10.5194/bg-10-6893-2013 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Methods The review of the literature was conducted using the online databases PubMed and HINARI. A thorough search was then undertaken in Madagascar from earlier works to recent findings, including dissertations and unpublished reports from the Ministry of Health and Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (which hosts the plag... | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002382 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We thank Mamy Ratsimba for database collection and Florian Girond for plague mapping. Most of the images are from the authors and we also thank Sandra Telfer , Soanandrasana Rahelinirina , and Voahangy Soarimalala for their contributions. | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002382 | review | en | 2,013 | true | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | On the one hand, Feferman and Vaught proved [11, Theorem 8. 2] that WMSO(N, EqCard) (without <) is decidable, by reduction to Presburger Arithmetic; the interested reader can find applications of this result to constraint databases [22] and verification [16]. On the other hand it is easy to show that + and × are d... | 10.2168/lmcs-9(4:18)2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. We wish to thank • Bruno Courcelle for raising questions which led to this work, and for his help during the preparation of the paper; • Arthur Milchior for his careful reading of a preliminary version of the paper; • the organizers of the 30th Days of Weak Arithmetics held in 2011 at Paris 7 Un... | 10.2168/lmcs-9(4:18)2013 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | This article quantifies the relationship between sea ice cover (SIC) on the Southern Ocean and precipitation and river discharges over southeastern and eastern South America. The period of analysis covers from 1981 to 2008 and includes monthly mean data of SIC over the Ross, Amundsen-Bellingshausen and Weddell Seas, as... | 10.1002/joc.3844 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | However, until now the potential relationships (if any) existing between SIC around Antarctica and South American climate are not clear. The scope of this article is to analyse the covariability between SIC and precipitation anomalies over South America. Three distinct regions around Antarctica are selected and analyse... | 10.1002/joc.3844 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Data and methodology SIC data was taken from the HadISST dataset (Rayner et al. , 2003 and updates) for the whole SH and precipitation data was obtained from CMAP (Xie and Arkin, 1997) covering the South American region. The atmospheric circulation related to the SICprecipitation anomalies was analysed using data f... | 10.1002/joc.3844 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | As river discharges are mainly driven by precipitation and temperature, further analysis is performed to link anomalous sea ice patterns with selected river streamflow anomalies at the outlet of large basins. Streamflow data were obtained from the Subsecretar ía de Recursos H ídricos (Undersecretary of Water Resources)... | 10.1002/joc.3844 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | As for the SIC and rainfall time series, SAM and ENSO effects were also removed from discharge data through a linear regression analysis. Considering the previous lagged SIC-rainfall analysis, Tables 4 and 5 include statistics of streamflow changes during the months of October and November, respectively, associated ... | 10.1002/joc.3844 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements This research was supported by the University of Buenos Aires UBACYT-20020100100803 , Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas PIP2009-00444 and Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica PICT07-00400. Thanks to two anonymous reviewers for their comments that hel... | 10.1002/joc.3844 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | , 1995). As a rule, the surface was very small in the normal cat (ϳ50 -100 cm 2 ) and greatly increased in the days following unilateral vestibular lesion. To quantify the support surface, cats were placed in a device with a graduated transparent floor that allowed them to be photographed from underneath. Five repeated... | 10.1523/jneurosci.5691-12.2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Neuroscience | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
cc-by | This maximal rotation speed determined the maximal locomotor balance performance (Max P). Preoperative training on the rotating beam necessitated 6 -10 periods depending on the cats. Training was stopped when the cats' Max P was reached and stabilized at its highest level, which was found to be remarkably similar from ... | 10.1523/jneurosci.5691-12.2013 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Neuroscience | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
cc-by | We found that ϳ60% of BrdU ϩ cells survived in the UVN-gabazine group (42% in the MVN, 70% in the IVN, 65% in the LVN, and 55% in the SVN compared with the number of BrdU ϩ cells at D3) and ϳ50% survived in the UVN-NaCl group (59% in the MVN, 57% in the IVN, 58% in the LVN, and 44% in the SVN). The data between these t... | 10.1523/jneurosci.5691-12.2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Neuroscience | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
cc-by | Fate of newly generated cells in deafferented vestibular nuclei The BrdU ϩ surviving cells differentiated and acquired a neurochemical phenotype ϳ20 d after birth; cell differentiation was investigated by doubleimmunohistochemical labeling using BrdU combined with the four specific cell type markers: GFAP, NeuN, IBA1, ... | 10.1523/jneurosci.5691-12.2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Neuroscience | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
cc-by | Gabazine accelerates vestibular function recovery but muscimol drastically delays it After UVN, depression of resting activity discharge of the ipsilateral second-order vestibular neurons is responsible for the appearance of vestibular symptoms. Interestingly, pharmacological Only values recorded on the lesioned side a... | 10.1523/jneurosci.5691-12.2013 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Neuroscience | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
cc-by | 5 (blue), 1:1. 4 (black) and 1:3 (magenta). The excess of PGC-1a RID2 in the 1:3 data is seen as a shoulder extending to values close to that of free PGC-1a RID2. In the experiments with ERRc LBD, the concentration of PGC-1a RID2 was overestimated, as can be seen by the faint shoulder of the 1:3 titration data. Thus th... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0067810 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | SAXS Provides Evidence for Similar Induced Partial Compaction of PGC-1a on Interaction with ERRa and ERRc As references for PGC-1a/ERR complexes, scattering data were first obtained for the isolated ERRa and ERRc LBDs. Guinier analysis showed a linear behavior for both LBDs with no sign of unspecific aggregation and al... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0067810 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | The latter gives an estimate of 0. 260. 02 volume fraction of hexamers compared to dimers (PDB code: 3D24), resulting in a reasonable fit with a chi value of 1. 07. The scattering intensities were then recorded for several PGC-1a RID/ERR complexes (Fig. 5A ) and the structural parameters were derived from the data (Fig... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0067810 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | This can be explained by the fact that PGC-1a is bound close to the hexamerization interface seen in the crystal packing of isolated ERRa LBD (PDB code: 2PJL). The molecular envelopes of the ERRa and ERRc in complex with PGC-1a RID1 exhibit highly similar shape and size with a marked asymmetry as compared to the crysta... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0067810 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Top panels: raw thermophoresis data recorded at 20uC using the LED at 50% and IR-laser at 80%. Bottom panels: isotherms averaged over three consecutive measurements and fitted according to the law of mass action to yield the apparent K D,1. For the determination of K D,1 , the concentration of unlabeled PGC-1a RID1 was... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0067810 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiments 1 H-15 N HSQC spectra were recorded at 600 MHz or 700 MHz and at 10uC on a Bruker DRX600 or Avance III 700 spectrometer equipped with a z-gradient triple-resonance cryoprobe. 15 N-labelled protein samples were at a concentration of 100 mM. The molar excess of non-labelled ERR LBD ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0067810 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Small Angle X-ray Scattering Synchrotron X-ray solution scattering data were collected at the X33 beamline (DESY, Hamburg) and at the SWING beamline at SOLEIL Synchrotron (Gif-sur-Yvette, France). The data were processed and analyzed with the ATSAS suite of SAXS programs as described in SI Text. The figures of the enve... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0067810 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Microscale Thermophoresis Experiments were performed using the Monolith NT 115 from NanoTemper Technologies GmbH and data were analyzed using NanoTemper Analysis software v. 1. 4. 23. More details can be found in SI Text. | 10.1371/journal.pone.0067810 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments were performed using a MicroCal iTC200 (GE Healthcare) microcalorimeter. Data was analyzed with the software Origin 7. 0 (OriginLab) using the one set of sites model. More details can be found in SI Text. | 10.1371/journal.pone.0067810 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Analytical Ultracentrifigation Experiments were performed using a Beckman Proteomelab XL-I ultracentrifuge (Beckman Instruments, CA, USA) with an An50Ti 8-hole rotor. Data were fit using the UltraScan software version 9. 9 as described in SI Text. Size-Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle and Quasi-Elastic L... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0067810 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Figure5. SAXS of ERR and ERR in complex with PGC-1a RID. A. Scattering profiles of (from top to bottom) ERRc LBD, PGC-1a RID1/ERRa, PGC-1a RID1/ERRc, PGC-1a RID2/ERRc and PGC-1a NTD/ERRc. Experimental data are denoted by black dots, the corresponding fits are given as solid lines. Red fit is computed from the crystal s... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0067810 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | C. Ab initio molecular envelopes from SAXS measurements. The ab initio molecular envelope of ERRc LBD alone is shown in semi-transparent red color together with the crystal structure of ERRc LBD bound to short peptides derived from the coactivator SCR-1 (PDB code 1KV6). The ab initio molecular envelopes of the complexe... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0067810 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We thank the Structural Biology and Genomics platform (IGBMC) ; the IGBMC facilities; V. Chavant and C. Ling for technical assistance; N. Rochel , J. Osz for data on PPAR/RXR. We thank the staff of the EMBL X33 (DESY, Hamburg, Germany) and SOLEIL SWING (Gif-sur-Yvette, France ) beamlines for as... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0067810 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | This work was supported by CNRS , INSERM , the Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) , the Karo Bio Research Foundation , the French Infrastructure for Integrated Structural Biology (FRISBI) ANR-10-INSB-05-01 , Instruct as part of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) , the... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0067810 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | C. Ab initio molecular envelopes from SAXS measurements. The ab initio molecular envelope of ERRc LBD alone is shown in semi-transparent red color together with the crystal structure of ERRc LBD bound to short peptides derived from the coactivator SCR-1 (PDB code 1KV6). The ab initio molecular envelopes of the complexe... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0067810 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS M. Teresa Teixeira apologize the original authors of the numerous important articles, which were cited collectively in reviews. The author thanks team members for fruitful discussions and E. Fallet , Z. Xu , and A. Londono for critical reading of the manuscript. Research in Teixeira's laboratory is... | 10.3389/fonc.2013.00101 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Objectives and design The Optiflow for prevention of post-extubation hypoxemia after abdominal surgery (OPERA) study is an investigatorinitiated multicenter randomized controlled two-arm trial. The Institutional Review Board of the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (France) approved the trial. By April 25 2013, t... | 10.1186/1745-6215-14-341 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | false | true | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Blinding A computer program will generate the coding list and will allocate coding numbers to patients from the specific trial site. It is not feasible to mask the assigned oxygen therapy from the attending anesthesiologists, since they have an ethical responsibility to ensure patient safety until discharge from the po... | 10.1186/1745-6215-14-341 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The time-to-event curves should be calculated with the use of the Kaplan-Meier method. If the frequency of missing data is >5%, an additional analysis will be performed using the multiple imputation method (STATA command mi) [21]. Longitudinal analysis using mixed models will be used to take into account between and w... | 10.1186/1745-6215-14-341 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Registration Data will be collected and recorded onto CRFs in each center by trained local research coordinators blinded to the randomized intervention. A trained research coordinator will centralize data from all sites and will record them onto the electronic database. The following data will be collected and register... | 10.1186/1745-6215-14-341 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Data handling and record keeping Data will be handled according to French law. All original records (including consent forms, CRFs and relevant correspondence) will be archived at trial sites for 15 years. The clean database file will be anonymized and maintained for 15 years. | 10.1186/1745-6215-14-341 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Duration and timeline Patients from three French University Teaching Hospitals are expected to be included during a two-year inclusion period starting September 2013. 2013: Protocol, approvals from ethics committee, and trial tool development (CRF, randomization system). 2013 to 2014: Inclusion of patients. 2014: Clean... | 10.1186/1745-6215-14-341 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements We wish to thank the following: clinical staff at all trial sites. The OPERA trial is funded by the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France. | 10.1186/1745-6215-14-341 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Patients We performed a retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients with hematologic malignancies who underwent a first PB-HSCT from either MRD or MUD at Saint-Louis Hospital (Paris, France) between January 2000 and December 2010. According to institutional guidelines, MRD was considered as the first donor choic... | 10.3324/haematol.2013.089979 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Some authors have, however, suggested inferior outcome after transplant with very high CD34 + cell dose (>8-10x10 6 cells/kg). 44 We did not observe such a negative impact of very high dose (data not shown). As previously reported, 45 we also observed a significant advantage of high graft CD3 + cell dose with respect... | 10.3324/haematol.2013.089979 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Daniel J. Weisdorf , University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, USA , for his helpful comments on the manuscript and Philippe Armand , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA , for providing clarification and information about the DRI. | 10.3324/haematol.2013.089979 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The atmospheric wind field information is a key issue to numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate studies. The Atmospheric Dynamic Mission-Aeolus is currently developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) to launch a wind sensing Doppler lidar in mid-2015. The high spectral resolution lidar concept is using backsc... | 10.5194/amtd-6-4551-2013 | preprint | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Atmospheric measurements The lidar LoS measurements were fixed at a 40 • zenithal angle and alternately switched from east to north directions. The measurements were taken during 1 h. The 72 MHz radar was operated continuously to retrieve two horizontal wind components and the vertical velocity (Delaval et al. , 2000a... | 10.5194/amtd-6-4551-2013 | preprint | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Conclusions A 0. 355 µm wind lidar was deployed at the Haute-Provence Observatory in July 1999, to be compared with other wind lidar, a 72 MHz radar and GPS radio soundings. Twelve data sets were acquired in different atmospheric conditions (clear sky, cloudy, strong wind, high aerosol loading, etc. ). The radio soundi... | 10.5194/amtd-6-4551-2013 | preprint | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. Special thanks to C. Hirt ( Université de Genève ), R. Wilson ( ST-Radar ) and OHP personnel for hosting the campaign and for the technical support. The data sets for the 10. 6 µm lidar and 0. 532 µm are taken from the database built under ESA support. Edited by: V. Rizi The publication of this a... | 10.5194/amtd-6-4551-2013 | preprint | en | 2,013 | true | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Patients The adult patients evaluated in this study had been enrolled in a prospective, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial conducted from April 2003 to February 2006 in 13 French teaching hospitals (ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT001190463). The primary objective was to compare overall survival following... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0065776 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | false | true | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We thank the investigators of the PREVERT trial: Cecile Pautas MD , Sebastien Maury MD PhD , Yosr Hicheri MD , Francoise Botterel MD PhD , Francoise Foulet MD ( Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil ); Anne Vekhoff MD , Driss Chaoui MD , Muriel Cornet MD , Patrice Agnamey MD ( Hotel Dieu Hospital, P... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0065776 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Financial support French Ministry of Health ( PHRC 2002 AOR02028 ). The study sponsor had no involvement in design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the French Ministry... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0065776 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge A. Orieux and A. Mandilara for fruitful discussions. This work was partially financially supported by ANR/CNPq HIDE and CAPES/COFECUB 640/09. SPW and AZ thank the FAPERJ and the INCT-Informaçao Quantica for financial support. | 10.1038/srep03530 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Computer Science | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
cc-by | In contrast, there is very poor agreement among these estimates in cases where farmers do not (or cannot) use best management practices and thus achieve low yields (i. e. , Kenya rainfed maize). Likewise, estimates of Yp or Yw based on maximum yield or upper percentiles can be heavily biased if there are atypical years... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.009 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Global studies Global studies generally use empirical, statistical approaches or generic crop growth models and a grid-based approach using global datasets on climate, soils and sometimes agricultural land use and general crop calendars (Appendix A). The statistical methods take current highest yields within a defined ... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.009 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | g. , crop rotation, planting date, cultivar maturity), which limits agronomic relevance (Appendix A). For example, to estimate Yp and Yw of maize for each major maizeproducing country, Nelson et al. (2010) assumed that cultivars had the same maturity in all countries. Actual yields used to estimate Yg are generally b... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.009 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Need for a bottom up approach to be locally relevant As demonstrated in Section 3, existing methods lead to different estimates of Yp and Yw, and therefore to differences in conclusions about magnitude and spatial distribution of Yg. We argue for a transparent, robust and reproducible protocol to estimate yield gaps wi... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.009 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Estimation of Ya The accuracy of estimating Yg is determined by the weakest link, which perhaps in many cases may be the actual yields (Ya). Accurate geospatial distribution of current crop yields and their spatial-temporal variability are needed, preferably more granular than the FAO data or global datasets based on F... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.009 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Data and upscaling The minimum data to estimate Yp and Yw include data on weather (daily time-step Tmax, Tmin, precipitation, solar radiation, relative humidity and possibly windspeed), soil (in particular root zone water holding capacity and runoff as determined by soil texture, soil depth and slope) and cropping syst... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.009 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Assuming the choice for a point or polygon-based approach and observed data (as opposed to generated or interpolated data), we recommend use of spatial maps of crop areas (e. g. , the MIRCA dataset of Portmann et al. , 2010 , the SPAM dataset of You et al. , 2009 or more refined national maps) as a reference to ident... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.009 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | , 2013b). Within an ACZ a limited number of points (defined by their weather data availability) in key cropping areas are used to represent its variation in climate, soils, cropping systems and management (i. e. , sowing dates, cultivar maturity, plant population, etc. ). Yp or Yw are estimated for the dominant soils, ... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.009 | article | en | 2,012 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements We thank Justin van Wart ( University of Nebraska-Lincoln, US ) and Lenny van Bussel ( Wageningen University, The Netherlands ) for their stimulating contributions in defining a protocol for yield gap analysis. We gratefully acknowledge Delphine Deryng ( School of Environmental Sciences, Universi... | 10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.009 | article | en | 2,012 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Aim of the project The project aims at providing a scientifically sound concept for an extended sewage and rainwater treatment in densely populated river catchment areas in view to reduce micropollutants and sanitarily relevant pathogens (including antibiotic-resistant bacteria) in surface waters. By a combination of c... | 10.1186/2190-4715-25-2 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements The project SchussenAktivplus is funded by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) and cofounded by the Ministry of Environment Baden-Württemberg. In addition, Jedele & Partner GmbH , Ökonsult GbR , the city of Ravensburg, the AZV Mariatal and the AV Unteres Schussental financial... | 10.1186/2190-4715-25-2 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Marine phytoplankton, exempt of lignin, was assumed to display a Δ 14 C OC signature following the Δ 14 C DIC values (~ 100 -120‰) of the Mediterranean Sea surface waters (Yechieli et al. , 2001) and δ 13 C OC signatures were taken from Harmelin-Vivien et al. (2008). The parameters for the two contemporary and kerog... | 10.1016/j.gca.2013.05.001 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: We thank the captains and crews of the R. V. Tethys II for their help during the two scientific cruises of this project. We would like to thank B. Bombled , E. Kaltnecker , C. Hatte , G. Gontier for their work and technical support during the cruises and laboratory analyses. We thank F. Eyrolle fo... | 10.1016/j.gca.2013.05.001 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | 05 eV. H(z)/[D A (z)b(z)] 2 P g (k ref , µ, z) k ref (h/ We fit the mock and Euclid-like spectra using the MCMC code MontePython [27]. MontePython uses the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm like CosmoMC [28] , but is interfaced with class [29, 30] instead of camb [31] , is written in python, and has extra functionalit... | 10.1088/1475-7516/2013/01/026 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | These edges are directly given by ±α. We see in this figure that our assumption for α leads to an error of 1% at k = 0. 1hMpc -1 and 2. 5% at k = 0. 6hMpc -1 for the first redshift bin centered on z = 0. 5. For the last redshift bin in the galaxy survey, centered on z = 2, non-linear corrections appear on smaller scale... | 10.1088/1475-7516/2013/01/026 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements We would like to thank Henk Hoekstra , Tom Kitching and Valeria Pettorino for their comments on this manuscript. This project is supported by a research grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation. MV acknowledges support from grants: INFN/PD51 , ASI/AAE, PRIN MIUR , PRIN INAF 2009 and f... | 10.1088/1475-7516/2013/01/026 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Physics and Astronomy | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements We thank the CNRS and the ANR (program BLAN07-1_190839 ) for funding and the Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche (A. L. and D. G. Ph. D. grants). We are grateful to Christophe Chendo and Dr. Valérie Monnier for mass spectrometry analyses and Dr. Michel Giorgi for X-ra... | 10.1002/adsc.201200903 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Chemistry | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
cc-by | Cells were let to recover for 1 hour before observation using Nikon automated microscope (ECLIPSE Ti, Nikon INTENSILIGHT C-HGFIE, 100x objective) and the Metamorph software (Molecular Devices, Roper Scientific), at 37°C. Phase contrast and fluorescence images (25% lamp energy, 1 second illumination LF movies and 600 mi... | 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003038 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Image analysis and aggregate tracking. Phase contrast images were analyzed by customized software "Cellst" [58] for cell segmentation and single cell lineage reconstruction. Phase contrast images were denoised using the flatten background filter of Metamorph software for long movies or a mixed denoising algorithm [5... | 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003038 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | This was achieved by computing a weighted average of the coordinates of the pixels in a circular neighborhood of the detected spot. The weights were given by the intensity values of the pixels to which the local background is subtracted. The local background was then computed as the median value of the pixel intensity ... | 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003038 | article | en | 2,013 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank N. Hansen , for providing the source code of CMA-ES for various programming languages (downloadable at http://www. lri. fr/~hansen/cmaes_inmatlab. html). We also thank the CNRS-IN2P3 Computing Center (cc. in2p3. fr)for providing computer resources. | 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003038 | article | en | 2,013 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Background: Vaccine-serotype (VT) invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) rates declined substantially following introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) into national immunization programs. Increases in non-vaccineserotype (NVT) IPD rates occurred in some sites, presumably representing serotype repla... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Search Strategy We identified datasets from IPD surveillance systems that report rates through two approaches. First, we identified datasets gathered from a comprehensive systematic literature review on PCV dosing schedules [11]. In that systematic literature review, a search for English language publications on the i... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The search included studies published between 1994 and 2010. The complete list of database-specific and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) search terms used in the literature search is detailed by the authors. We reviewed those publications with IPD as an outcome; these publications needed to include at least one ''narrow... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Data Collection We solicited datasets from investigators using a standardized format, requesting IPD case counts for up to 5 years before and 10 years after PCV7 introduction, stratified by age groups (0-1, 2-4, 5-17, 18-49, 50-64, and $65 years old), clinical syndrome (overall IPD and meningitis specifically), hospita... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Data Quality Review Two coordinators conducted a quality check of datasets included in the analysis using a checklist (Box 1). Any requests for data clarification were emailed to the contributing investigator and the data were updated as applicable. | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Data Analysis The inclusion criteria of the datasets for collection and analysis are given in Figure 1. In datasets where serotypes 6A and 6C were not differentiated, we distributed these serotypes according to the known distribution of 6A and 6C in the same geographic region or globally in the pre-and post-PCV7 perio... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | In sites that did not differentiate 6A and 6C serotypes, 6A/6C isolates were then redistributed according to the estimated regional (for North America and Europe datasets) or using all datasets' (for datasets from sites outside of Europe or North America) distribution of differentiated 6A and 6C isolates. After redistr... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Because the impact of PCV7 was expected to be heterogeneous across sites, we used random effects meta-analysis to pool the sitespecific RRs [20]. Meta-analysis was performed for each age and serotype group for each of the 7 years after PCV7 introduction, generating a summary RR with 95% confidence intervals. Metaanaly... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | To compare the contribution of these two NVT categories to the overall IPD incidence post-PCV7 introduction, we performed a separate analysis restricted to the post-PCV7 period where we Proportion of children receiving the full infant dose by 12 months. N/P (not provided), meaning that immunization coverage not provid... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The 95% CI for this RR was also calculated using the delta method for each site, age, and post-PCV7 year. A summary RR for each age group and post-PCV7 year was calculated using random-effects meta-analysis. The analysis dataset was generated using SAS Version 9?2 (SAS Institute Inc. ). Meta-analyses were conducted usi... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | true | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Description of Sites We identified 72 potentially eligible datasets and requested information from the investigators (Figure 1 ). Of 32 datasets received, 21 from four geographic regions (six North America, 11 Europe, three Australasia, one South America) met the inclusion criteria for analysis (Figure 1 ). For child... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Specific reasons for exclusion from analysis for 11 datasets received were the following: no denominator provided (one); serogroup 19 not serotyped (one), ,70% coverage of the primary PCV7 series by 12 months of age (four) [37] ; ,2 years of pre-PCV7 data (three); inability to define a proper denominator population (o... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The rate of NVT IPD increased significantly by 2 years after introduction (summary RR 1?34, 95% CI 1?02-1?77) and increased through 5 years, with little change thereafter through year 7 (summary RR 2?81, 95% CI 2?12-3?71) (Figure 3 ; Table 3 ). Most sites (seven statistically significant) showed an increase in NVT IP... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Adults For adults, the annual number of IPD isolates at baseline ranged from 3 to 4,929 with a median IPD baseline rate of 14?2 cases per 100,000 (range 0?6-101?7) (Figure 2 ; Table 2 ). The summary RR point estimates from the meta-analysis showed reductions in overall IPD for most years, though not statistically sig... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Discussion This study was unique in being able to collect, restrict, adjust, and analyze multiple IPD surveillance datasets in a standardized and systematic way, allowing summary estimates and cross-site comparisons of PCV7 impact on IPD rates that are not possible from individual site-specific publications [4, 14, 38... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Nonetheless, our data show that serotypes other than those in PCV13 also can cause serotype replacement. Whether the higher valency vaccines will ultimately lead to further sustained reductions in overall IPD than those observed after PCV7 introduction is not yet clear and should be carefully monitored in the years ahe... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | First, as mentioned, this review includes only data from programs using PCV7. PCV7 is no longer produced and so it will be important to be cautious when extrapolating to programs using the newer PCV10 and PCV13 formulations. Nonetheless, if PCV10 and PCV13 affect nasopharyngeal colonization in a manner similar to that ... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | e. , Navajo and Australian Indigenous), known to be at high risk of IPD and to share pneumococcal epidemiologic characteristics with lower-income settings, did not diverge substantially from the findings of the overall analysis. Nonetheless, the results of this analysis might differ in developing countries, where there... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Fifth, we could not control for inherent differences in clinical practice across sites, such as the criteria for hospitalization and performing lumbar punctures and blood cultures, which might, in part, explain heterogeneity of findings across sites. The focus of our analysis was to describe post-PCV IPD epidemiology a... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | In settings where these recommendations cannot be implemented, introduction of PCV should still occur as quickly as possible. However, attempts to identify and characterize serotype replacement using surveillance systems that do not meet these criteria could lead to erroneous conclusions. With so many countries having ... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | However, increases in IPD caused by non-vaccine serotypes occurred in some settings, presumably because of ''serotype replacement. '' PCV7 prevents both IPD caused by the serotypes it contains and carriage of these serotypes. Consequently, after vaccination, previously less common, non-vaccine serotypes can colonize th... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | What Did the Researchers Do and Find? The researchers identified 21 databases that had data about the rate of IPD for at least 2 years before and 1 year after PCV7 introduction. They estimated whether changes in IPD rates had occurred after PCV7 introduction by calculating site-specific rate ratios-the observed IPD rat... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | These findings have several important limitations, however. For example, PCV7 is no longer made and extrapolation of these results to newer PCV10 and PCV13 formulations should be done cautiously. On the other hand, many of the serotypes causing serotype replacement after PCV7 are included in these higher valency vaccin... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Box 1. Dataset quality checks performedReview of Case Counts by Year and Age Group Are there dramatic changes in overall case counts from year to year that might not be explained by vaccine introduction?If yes: Clarify with co-investigator. Exclude if indicates changes in surveillance or bias that would affect the anal... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001517 | article | en | 2,013 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
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