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However, a detailed analysis showed that the linear chain bound corresponded to a linear Ub3, likely due to an uncontrolled deubiquitinase activity in our assay. It is worth pointing out that no deubiquitinase inhibitor based on a thiol-specific reagent such as NEM or iodoacetamide could be added in the buffer, as thes...
10.1074/jbc.m113.483305
article
en
2,013
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
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This indicates that the FP signal change of F-ZF upon ubiquitin titration is not due to any ubiquitin-dependent ZF:ZF interaction or nonspecific interaction between fluorescein and mono-ubiquitin. A dissociation constant (K D ) of 750 Ϯ 30 M was obtained for WT F-ZF at 25 °C and pH 7. 0, which is close to the value obs...
10.1074/jbc.m113.483305
article
en
2,013
true
false
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
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This little preference of F-ZF for Lys-63 and linear di-ubiquitin compared with Lys-48 di-Ub was confirmed by fluorescence polarization data, as similar K D (38 and 39 M, respectively) were obtained for Lys-63 and linear diubiquitin, whereas the K D for Lys-48 di-ubiquitin was 113 Ϯ 11 M. More importantly, when we comp...
10.1074/jbc.m113.483305
article
en
2,013
true
false
false
false
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
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4-and 2. 8-fold increased, respectively, as compared with the WT, and this effect appears to be specific as similar K D values of 113 Ϯ 11 and 90 Ϯ 8 M for Lys-48-diubiquitin were observed with the WT and the mutant. Our in vitro data with the isolated ZF hence correlate with those with the NEMO full length. This provi...
10.1074/jbc.m113.483305
article
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2,013
true
false
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false
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
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Moreover, these data provide strong evidences that the Phe to Trp substitution at position 395 can act as a sensitive probe for monitoring the folding or ubiquitin binding by fluorescence (Fig. 2A ) as the F395W mutant is able to restore the NF-B activation as efficiently as WT NEMO. Finally, our thorough analysis of t...
10.1074/jbc.m113.483305
article
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2,013
true
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false
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
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Acknowledgments-We are grateful to M. Kaminska for the GST-(Ub) 2 construct and to V. Dubosclard for the pcDNA3-F395W NEMO mutant. We thank Prof. Alain Israël and Samuel Levy for critical reading of the manuscript and Patrick England for access to the Proteopole of Institut Pasteur.
10.1074/jbc.m113.483305
article
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
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The consensus and the sequences were aligned with Clustal W implemented in MEGA 5. 05 [52] , with manual edition when necessary. All sequences were deposited in the GenBank database (control region: JX629672 to JX629739; cytochrome b: KC354403-KC354442).
10.1371/journal.pone.0058061
article
en
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false
Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Microsatellite data analysis GIMLET software [53] was used to quantify genotyping errors for the 10 microsatellites by repeat-genotyping. We randomly selected approximately 25% of all samples (n = 47 individuals) and independently repeat-genotyped these four times for all loci. Across the four genotypings, averaged a...
10.1371/journal.pone.0058061
article
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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The best K value was defined using the log probability of the data Pr(X | K) for each value of K [63]. We also used a multivariate method to make assumptions regarding data structure. Unlike STRUCTURE, multivariate models do not assume that populations are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Accordingly, a Discriminant Ana...
10.1371/journal.pone.0058061
article
en
2,013
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Microsatellite data Since leatherbacks from AY had been sampled over a long period, two preliminary approaches were implemented in order to control a putative bias resulting from genetic drift during this period: (i) differentiation among rookeries was calculated using RST and FST indexes between 2 periods: samples col...
10.1371/journal.pone.0058061
article
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false
Environmental Science
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Therefore DAPC also suggested a single ancestral stock. When analyzing all ten loci with model genotypes that were either original or adjusted with PIM model [64] , RST was only significant between CAY and AY (RST = 0. 0289, p,0. 05). However when excluding the three loci with null alleles, RST was significant between...
10.1371/journal.pone.0058061
article
en
2,013
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Methodological issues This work puts forward the complexity of analytic choices with concurrent approaches. We used three methods based on Bayesian inference, namely MSVAR, BEAST and MIGRATE, to explore recent demographic history and changes in the evolution of effective population size in distant rookeries with contra...
10.1371/journal.pone.0058061
article
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Environmental Science
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One other key point in our study was a high estimated occurrence of null alleles in our dataset. Null alleles result in lower heterozygosity and consequently impact the structuration signal among populations, overestimating the distances among clades [76]. The recent adaptation of the PIM model [57] makes it possibl...
10.1371/journal.pone.0058061
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Environmental Science
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Acknowledgments We are grateful to the volunteers and employees of Kwata NGO (www. kwata. net). We thank the laboratoire de parasitologie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane , for supplying the necessary facilities to conduct our laboratory work. We thank Andrea Benazzo for his help with data analysis. We would also li...
10.1371/journal.pone.0058061
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Part of the laboratory work (processing of West Indies, Cayenne and Awala samples) was funded by DEAL Guyane and Kwata NGO (www. kwata. net). The authors thank CNPq and Fapemig for fundings for the part of the research realized in Brazil (microsatellite databank). EM, FRS and STV were supported by CNPq (Brazil)....
10.1371/journal.pone.0058061
article
en
2,013
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true
false
Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Input Our plugin operates on target gene set provided by a user. The list of gene names can be given directly or imported from an existing network created in Cytoscape (many gene identifier formats are accepted, e. g. Ensembl, HGNC, Entrez, UniProt). The other main parameters are the reference annotation database (KEGG...
10.1093/bioinformatics/btt732
article
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2,013
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false
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
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Processing There are two types of analysis available in JEPETTO based on: (1) enrichment or (2) topology. For the enrichment analysis, EnrichNet and PathExpand web servers are used and the topological analysis is performed with TopoGSA. The plugin communicates with the web servers as shown in Figure 1A , and integrate...
10.1093/bioinformatics/btt732
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
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As an option, EnrichNet provides XD-scores for 60 human tissues, derived from tissue-specific gene expression data. PathExpand (Glaab et al. , 2010a) maps the input pathway/process onto the human protein-protein interaction network and extends it with proteins that (1) are strongly associated with the pathway nodes; ...
10.1093/bioinformatics/btt732
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false
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
https://openalex.org/fields/13
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This article, the sixth in the ACP journal series, presents data evaluated by the IUPAC Task Group on Atmospheric Chemical Kinetic Data Evaluation. It covers the heterogeneous processes involving liquid particles present in the atmosphere with an emphasis on those relevant for the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere a...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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Introduction Since 2005 the IUPAC Task Group on Atmospheric Chemical Kinetic Data Evaluation has extended its evaluation work to produce recommendations for essential parameters, which can be used to calculate the rates of heterogeneous reactions of trace gases in the atmosphere. The results of this work have been adde...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/19
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Comments on preferred values We adopt the single dataset of Worsnop et al. (1989) as the basis of our recommendation. The strong negative temperature dependence of α b was suggested to derive from an activation energy necessary to overcome a barrier between a precursor state and the solvated state of H 2 O 2. The tit...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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Comments (a) Interaction of HNO 2 (60 ppm) with a liquid jet of pure water. The kinetics were studied by ion chromatographic analysis of the liquid jet nitrite content. The gas phase diffusion coefficient value used was 0. 13 cm 2 s -1 , the value used for the solubility of HNO 2 in water was 60 M atm -1. A kinetic mod...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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Comments (a) Experiments performed at room temperature flow with the water vapor pressure adjusted to the vapour pressure of water at the experimental temperature. HNO 3 was detected downstream of the flow tube using IR absorption. The uptake coefficients were corrected for gas phase diffusion. The data show significan...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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(1990) has recently been challenged (Morita et al. , 2003; Hanson et al. , 2004; Garrett et al. , 2006; Davidovits et al. , 2006). Van Doren's experiments at high temperature were measured at higher total pressure than those at lower temperature. The two droplet train studies, in spite of determining uptake via loss ...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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Comments on preferred values Due to the very low reactivity of O 3 with chloride, uptake of O 3 to aqueous sea salt solutions is dominated by the reactions with bromide and iodide (Haag and Hoigné, 1983). We thus only provide kinetic parameters for the reactive processes with bromide and iodide, treated separately in ...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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The accommodation coefficient chosen is slightly lower than the lower limit given by Rudich et al. , as this better represents their dataset within the parameterisation listed below. The rate coefficient for the aqueous phase reaction of NO 3 with Cl -was taken from Exner et al. (1992) , although there is some disagre...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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Within experimental scatter and the range covered there is also no dependence of γ on the temperature, with datasets on synthetic salt surfaces at 295 K giving the same uptake coefficient as NaCl and NaCl/NaBr containing aqueous solutions at ∼270 K. The observation that the uptake coefficient is insensitive to the aque...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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They calculated k 3 /k 2 (at 297 K) = 450 ± 100. Bertram and Thornton (2009) examined the effect of chloride and nitrate concentrations on the ClNO 2 yield from the uptake of N 2 O 5 to mixed nitrate/chloride particles and derived k 3 /k 2 (at 298 K) = 483 ± 175. Our preferred value for the value of k 3 /k 2 (at 298 K...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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The depth through which the surface reaction is considered to take place is integrated in the values of k s • K LangC • N max , which were derived by fitting to experimental data. 1 γ = 1 + The temperature dependence of s can arise from both the partition coefficient of Cl 2 to the surface (K LangC ) or via the surface...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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, 2004) and H 2 SO 4 droplets. The recommended liquid phase rate constant k I (= k II × [H 2 O] aq ), calculated using k II = 1 × 10 5 M -1 s -1 , which is intermediate between the values derived by Thornton et al. (2003) from uptake of N 2 O 5 on malonic acid aerosol (2. 5 × 10 4 M -1 s -1 ) and by Mentel et al. (...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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, 2004) and H 2 SO 4 droplets (Hallquist et al. , 2003). k I is calculated using the recommended liquid phase rate constant for N 2 O 5 + [H 2 O] aq : k II = 1. 5×10 5 M -1 s -1 , which is based on the values derived by Mentel et al. (1999) from uptake on NaNO 3 aerosols (1. 5 × 10 5 M -1 s -1 ), and on mixed NH 4 ...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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79 × 10 4 M -1 s -1 ; for malonic acid: 1. 8 × 10 4 M -1 s -1 ; and for glutaric acid: 1. 2 × 10 4 M -1 s -1 are also likely to be underestimated. The recommended expression for RH dependence uses a size dependent resistance-model formulation: γ = 1 α b + c 4H RT (D l k I ) 0. 5 coth r l - l r -1 The recommended value ...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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The expressions given in the table were obtained by fitting to the reported data. (j) Time dependent HCl uptake coefficients measured in a cylindrical flow tube with H 2 SO 4 contained in a boat were analysed to derive values of H * D 1/2 l. Direct measurements of H * were done by static vapour pressure measurements. T...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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The carrier gas flow was humidified to maintain the H 2 SO 4 concentration. The time dependent HOBr signal was used to derive values of H D 1/2 l at different temperatures and H 2 SO 4 concentrations (59. 7-70. 1 wt %). The uptake to fresh H 2 SO 4 surfaces was found to be as much as a factor of two larger than to surf...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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H was extracted using diffusion coefficients for HBr in H 2 SO 4 as described by Williams et al. (1995) (see comment (a)). Only the result for H D 0. 5 at 210 K (59. 6 wt %) was listed though data were obtained over the temperature and concentration range indicated. The solubility listed was calculated using temperat...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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The data listed also contain a parameterisation of measurements (at 59. 6, 64. 4 and 69. 8 wt %) reported in Abbatt (1995) , and described in comment (b). (d) Head space above stirred, bulk solutions of known composition was analysed by tuneable diode laser absorption spectroscopy of HBr. H 2 SO 4 solutions of 53-75 w...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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Uptake coefficients obtained by gas-analysis using MS. The enthalpy and entropy of solution were determined as -66 kJ mol -1 and -249 J mol -1 K -1 , respectively. The solubility data (180-195 K) can be described by: H * = exp {(T * 216. 7 -66000)/8. 314 * T )} for 70 wt % H 2 SO 4. (b) Rotating WWFT generally at ≈100 ...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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The error limits are reported to be (+100 %, -50 %) except for the 40 and the 60 wt % solution. The uptake of ClONO 2 in the presence of HCl is not accelerated compared to experiments without HCl. A number of experiments were performed at high HCl concentrations with the result that γ is significantly enhanced at compa...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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Uptake coefficients determined from both kinetic curves were within 10 %. γ increased with p(HOBr) 1/2 at 65-70 wt %. Bimolecular rate constants for the HOBr + HCl reaction derived from the uptake data using H * (HOBr) determined in the same study were in the range of (1. 6-270) × 10 5 M -1 s -1 , increasing strongly w...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
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Acknowledgements. We thank I. U. P. A. C. for the financial help which facilitated the preparation of this evaluation. We also acknowledge financial support from the following organisations: EU Framework Program 6 and 7, ACCENT network of excellence; the European Science Foundation ( INTROP program ), the UK Natu...
10.5194/acp-13-8045-2013
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Earth and Planetary Sciences
https://openalex.org/fields/19
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Previous studies on loiasis in Kokodo In January 1996, the village was included in a study aiming at identifying the risk factors associated with post-IVM SAEs [4]. Detailed data on Kokodo currently presented, though part of the study by Gardon et al. [4] in the Lekie division, were not previously published. A total ...
10.1186/1756-3305-6-283
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Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
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The significance level was set at 0. 05 in all cases. All statistical analyses were performed using the STATA 12. 1 software (STATA Corporation, College Station, TX, USA).
10.1186/1756-3305-6-283
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Medicine
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Regarding loiasis specifically, several studies showed that a single dose of IVM brings about a marked and long-standing decrease in Loa microfilaremia, lowers the prevalence of loiasis [10, 11] , and reduces the infective rate of the Chrysops to low levels when given on a large scale at 3-monthly intervals [15]. lar...
10.1186/1756-3305-6-283
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Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
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Acknowledgements This study was partly funded by the Filariases and other Tropical Diseases Research Center (CRFILMT) supported by Mectizan Donation Program (MDP). It was also funded by APOC through financial support for the training of MKK in entomology in Benin. Dr Raceline Gounou is duly acknowledged for provi...
10.1186/1756-3305-6-283
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2,013
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Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27
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Data Data from more than 2000 lakes from 22 European countries were used to develop the eutrophicationrelated metrics (Table 1 ). The data are stored in a central database and are further described by Moe et al. (2012). The above listed papers focus on the individual BQEs, including the datasets underlying the regres...
10.1007/s10750-012-1436-y
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Macrophyte response to water level fluctuations (winter drawdown) The dataset used in the water level fluctuation analysis included winter drawdown data as an indicator of water level regulation amplitude (see Hellsten, 2001). Winter drawdown was calculated as the average difference between the highest water level dur...
10.1007/s10750-012-1436-y
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Littoral macroinvertebrate response to shoreline modifications A sampling campaign of benthic invertebrates was conducted in the eulittoral zone of 51 lakes in order to produce a methodologically homogeneous dataset. The sampling campaign included lakes in seven countries sampled at shoreline sections representing thre...
10.1007/s10750-012-1436-y
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Environmental Science
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Statistical methods and data used for assessing uncertainty The statistical methods used for assessing uncertainty related to sampling, analysis and within-lake spatial variability for biological metrics are based on the harmonised sampling exercise and the WISERBUGS software. Further details are given in other article...
10.1007/s10750-012-1436-y
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Environmental Science
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Littoral macroinvertebrate responses to morphological shoreline modifications The multimetric index LIMCO (based on the composite invertebrate samples) was significantly correlated with the stressor index on shoreline modifications in all the four biogeographic regions covered by the dataset (Table 4b ). The strongest...
10.1007/s10750-012-1436-y
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Environmental Science
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Also, the fish metrics are largely affected by a series of other environmental factors, such as lake morphometry, as well as availability of substrate feasible for spawning, in addition to other human pressures, such as climate change (temperature) or stocking and fishing (Jeppesen et al. , 2010; Argillier et al. , 20...
10.1007/s10750-012-1436-y
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Environmental Science
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Thus, the metric developed in WISER based on available data from previous years should be further developed taking hydropeaking into account. Data from Alpine reservoirs should also be included. The benthic invertebrate multimetric indices LIM-CO and LIMHA show good correlations with the morphological stressor index (...
10.1007/s10750-012-1436-y
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Environmental Science
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For macrophytes, further work is needed to explore the consequences of hydropeaking in hydropower reservoirs, as well as the consequences of water level stabilisation in more productive lakes expanding the gradient of impact. Furthermore, macrophyte metrics should be developed to assess the impacts of morphological sho...
10.1007/s10750-012-1436-y
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Environmental Science
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Acknowledgments The paper is a result of the project WISER (Water bodies in Europe: Integrative Systems to assess Ecological status and Recovery ) funded by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programme, Theme 6 ( Environment including Climate Change ) (contract No. 226273 ). We would like to thank Birger ...
10.1007/s10750-012-1436-y
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Environmental Science
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We acknowledge support from the EU Seventh Framework Program ( EU-FP7 ITN Herodot , Grant No. PITN-GA-2008-214954 ). Calculations were performed at the IDRIS supercomputing center, Orsay (Proj. No. 091827 ). Technion laboratory was supported by the EU-FP7 SANS (Self-Assembled Nanostructure System...
10.1103/physrevb.88.115313
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Materials Science
https://openalex.org/fields/25
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These factors require the not trivial calculation of vector intersection volumes which calculation is presented in the paper. Intersection volume is defined by superimposing the building model to be tested with the reference one. The multi-dimensional vector assessment approach has been applied to evaluate the building...
10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-w1-93-2013
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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INTRODUCTION Photogrammetric and LiDAR data are used since many years for the 3D reconstruction of objects such as buildings. These applications need accurate data and methods in order to produce good results. Quality assessment is critical for 3D data production and is important for several reasons. Firstly, it may gi...
10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-w1-93-2013
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1D assessment Point accuracy assessment allows to evaluate fully 3D geometry datasets by comparing points to points (Rottensteiner and Briese, 2002). Calculations are performed to compare two different 3D building models. This is done by computing RMSE based on the deviations between both models (reference and test), ...
10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-w1-93-2013
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Volume calculation In order to compute the volume of 3D objects, one has to solve two tasks; firstly determine the convex hull of the given boundary, then, calculate the volume of the resulting 3D polyhedron. Convex hull is the boundary of a closed convex surface generated by applying Delaunay triangulation on the corn...
10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-w1-93-2013
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Environmental Science
https://openalex.org/fields/23
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Test site and datasets The study area is located in the city of Strasbourg, France. Digital aerial images from UltraCam-X (4 images) and frame Zeiss LMK (6 images) of the same area were available. Table 3 shows characteristics of the photogrammetric data. Moreover, LiDAR data of the same are has been captured in 2004...
10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-w1-93-2013
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Environmental Science
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After relative and absolute orientation of the images, an accuracy of about 16 cm in X,Y and 25 cm in Z can be estimated for a point digitized in the stereo-pairs. It is satisfactory, considering that the accuracy of the LIDAR point clouds used here is lower (around 30 to 40 cm in X, Y, Z). So, it has been decided that...
10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-w1-93-2013
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Environmental Science
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3D models from LiDAR datasets In this part, a model-driven building reconstruction method using airborne LiDAR data is presented. This method has been carried out by Yong Xiao from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China). This semi-automatic reconstruction process comprises 3 steps. At first, the point cloud covering t...
10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-w1-93-2013
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The buildings reconstructed from LiDAR datasets are in cyan colour and their reference in red.
10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-w1-93-2013
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3D assessment The results of the quality analysis based on volumetric quality factors are shown in Table 7. The mean values of V ρd and V ρq are about 0. 9, while the other three indices are close to 0 for 75 models of aerial images. The mean values of volume quality indices, V ρd and V ρq are about 0. 8. The other th...
10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-w1-93-2013
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Environmental Science
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This multi-dimensional approach is suitable for 3D building vector models created from aerial images and/or LiDAR datasets. Future researches will focus on the extension of this approach to more complex building models. In this context, it will be focused on the benefits of using raster assessment approaches.
10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-w1-93-2013
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(a) Part of the models under study (b) Models obtained from aerial images (8 of 75 buildings). (c) Models obtained from aerial images and LiDAR datasets (8 of 26). (d) Models obtained from LiDAR datasets.
10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-w1-93-2013
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Western blot experiments and analysis Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE (12. 5% gels), transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Millipore, France) and immunoblotted with the appropriate primary and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (Immunotech, France). Immune complexes were revealed by Enhanced ...
10.1093/nar/gkt974
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Immunology and Microbiology
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HIV-1 infection significantly reduces the uracil excision capacity of host cells Next, endogenous UNG2 expression was analyzed over time in total extracts from HIV-1-infected MAGIC-5B cells (HIV-1 replication was demonstrated by intracellular p24 expression) (Figure 1E ). UNG2 was significantly decreased at day 7 post...
10.1093/nar/gkt974
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Immunology and Microbiology
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Antoine Gross for helpful discussions. We are grateful to W. C. Greene and. V. Planelles for providing the HIV and Vpr expression plasmids and to M. Tatsumi for the MAGIC-5B cell line. We thank G. Sluppaugh for the gift of anti-UNG2 antibodies.
10.1093/nar/gkt974
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Immunology and Microbiology
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1 for cirrus to be detected and, consequently, may underestimate the actual cirrus occurrence frequency. Lidar measurements provide accurate information on the vertical distribution of cirrus and, therefore, are now used to develop highly resolved cirrus database. The objective of this study is to construct a cirrus cl...
10.5194/acp-13-6951-2013
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Environmental Science
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, 1982; Keckhut et al. , 2006). This kind of investigations should be useful to identify the different formation processes and their parameterisation in general circulation models. Also to further investigate the lidar dataset, a statistical multivariate analysis based on morphologic cloud information derived on a lida...
10.5194/acp-13-6951-2013
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The cirrus channel used a 20 cm telescope and an optical fibre of 1 mm diameter. The field-of-view is equal to 1 mrad. Because the measurements were also dedicated to stratospheric aerosol analyses, an electronic shutter system has been added to reduce the induced noise due to initial burst. Due to this electronic shut...
10.5194/acp-13-6951-2013
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Environmental Science
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CALIOP spaceborne lidar The CALIOP lidar, set on the Cloud Aerosol and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite, is designed to provide global vertical profiling information of clouds and aerosols. It was launched in April 2006 into a sunsynchronous orbit as part of the A-Train satellite constella...
10.5194/acp-13-6951-2013
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OHP Ground-based lidar Between 1996 and 2007, the lidar recorded about 7000 h of measurements. To build the cirrus clouds database, as in Hoareau et al. (2009) we adjusted the integration time according to discontinuities in the optical thickness time series. An example is provided in Fig. 1. We followed an iterative...
10.5194/acp-13-6951-2013
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Environmental Science
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Cirrus clouds climatology As noted in Sect. 3. 2 the ground-based lidar at OHP performed systematic measurements over 12 yr (1996) (1997) (1998) (1999) (2000) (2001) (2002) (2003) (2004) (2005) (2006) (2007). Due to the irregularity of OHP measurements after 2007 due to frequent instrumental failures, their sampling m...
10.5194/acp-13-6951-2013
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CALIOP has measured a mean of ∼ 270 profiles (with cirrus in ∼ 90 cirrus profiles) per month during nighttime from June 2006 through December 2012 (Fig. 3 ). That means around 3250 profiles per year, except in 2006. Although the data sampling is different for both instruments, it is interesting to compare the results o...
10.5194/acp-13-6951-2013
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Cirrus clouds occurrence Over the OHP, cirrus clouds occur ∼ 37 % of the observation time. Subvisible cirrus (SVC, with optical thickness < 0. 03) are observed ∼ 38 % of this time, or ∼ 14 % of the total observation time. These results are different from those of Goldfarb et al. (2001) , hereafter G01, who reported oc...
10.5194/acp-13-6951-2013
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Characteristic Reference We find no clear relation between monthly averages of cirrus occurrence and mid-cloud temperature when all cirrus clouds are considered. Correlation coefficients between both are ∼ -0. 2 from OHP lidar data and ∼ -0. 5 from CALIOP data (Fig. 8 ). However, we find higher correlations when differ...
10.5194/acp-13-6951-2013
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68 km, in good agreement with M11, SC01 and CALIOP data (10. 77 ± 0. 9 km, 10. 97 ± 1. 72 km and 10. 4 ± 1. 62 km, respectively) but smaller than the one reported by G07 (11. 7 ± 0. 9 km). Globally, cirrus clouds physical parameters over the OHP are similar to results obtained by M11, and most parameters agree well wit...
10.5194/acp-13-6951-2013
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Environmental Science
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For CT, difference between both datasets is similar for the extended and coincident period and keeps inferior to 0. 1 km. As discussed previously (Sect. 4. 1), three distinct classes of cirrus clouds have been retrieved from the OHP lidar and CALIOP observations: a first class of thin cirrus (∼ 1 km) in the middle trop...
10.5194/acp-13-6951-2013
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Dependence of cirrus cloud properties on temperature The dependence of cirrus clouds optical depth and geometrical thickness on mid-cloud temperature is presented in Fig. 10. Considering all cirrus clouds, clouds are thickest (∼ 2 km) near ∼ -42. 5 • C, and thinner at warmer and colder temperatures (Fig. 10 , bottom). ...
10.5194/acp-13-6951-2013
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Cirrus clouds long-term evolution Because the OHP database spans more than 12 yr, it becomes possible to examine the evolution of cirrus occurrence frequency and macrophysical properties. We restricted most of our analysis to OHP lidar observations; although we include an investigation regarding the extension of OHP li...
10.5194/acp-13-6951-2013
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Summary and discussion This study provides an analysis of cirrus cloud properties at midlatitude in the southern part of France from groundbased and spaceborne lidars. Based on the ground-based lidar database which spans more than 12 yr, a climatology of cirrus cloud properties and their evolution over time have been p...
10.5194/acp-13-6951-2013
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Acknowledgements. These systematic lidar observations are performed with the pluri-annual support of CNES and INSU. Authors thank CNES ( Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ) for the direct support of this research in the frame of the CALIOP mission through the funding support of Christophe Hoareau. These cloud m...
10.5194/acp-13-6951-2013
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Environmental Science
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15, 21, 35 arvested cells were analyzed using a FACScan flow cytometer and data were processed using the CellQuestPro software (Becton-Dickinson, Le Pont de Claix, France). The percentage of eGFP-positive cells was determined using nontransfected cells as the baseline for autofluorescence. For luciferase, reporter expr...
10.1038/mtna.2013.42
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Medicine
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The platform is controlled with the TECAN Gemini 4. 00 and FACTS 4. 81 softwares. Luminescence was measured with the FLUOStar Optima Plate reader. After cell treatment, raw data were exported to an excel file and compared with bioactive and bioinactive controls. The statistical significance of each well in the 96-well ...
10.1038/mtna.2013.42
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Medicine
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Acknowledgments. We acknowledge the facilities of IFR 128 (microscopy (PLATIM) and Flow Cytometry) and IRCAN (microscopy (PICMI) and cytometry (CYTOMED)). We also thank the ChemAxon company (http://www. chemaxon. com)which has allowed the academic TAMIS software team ( S. Wieczorek , S. Aci , C. Charavay and S. R...
10.1038/mtna.2013.42
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Medicine
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We further used information on metabolome and lipidome data from the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) and LIPID MAPS Lipidomics Gateway, respectively. Model driven simulations, network-dependent analysis and conditionspecific transcriptome data allowed for model refinement. iAdipocytes1809 was used for the analysis of ...
10.1038/msb.2013.5
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Medicine
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With the objective of gaining new insight into adipocyte metabolism at the genome level, we first used human antibodies to evaluate the presence/absence of 14 077 proteins in adipocytes found in breast and two different soft tissue samples and checked their presence call with previously published adipocyte proteome dat...
10.1038/msb.2013.5
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Medicine
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Here, we expanded the coverage of the HPA so as to define the protein profiles of adipocytes found in breast and two different soft tissues and examined the spatial distribution and the relative abundance of proteins encoded by 14 077 genes in adipocytes (Supplementary Dataset 1a). Soft tissue cores with 1 mm diameter ...
10.1038/msb.2013.5
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Medicine
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Here, proteins with strong, moderate and weak relative expression were included in the reconstruction process of the GEM for adipocytes. It is important to point out that the absolute levels of each protein have not been determined and could vary by orders of magnitude. The high-resolution images together with annotati...
10.1038/msb.2013.5
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Medicine
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Here, proteins were classified into eight different compartments following our HMR database standard (Agren et al, 2012) : cytosol, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus (GA), peroxisome, lysosome, mitochondria and extracellular space. Reactions were assigned to compartments through their association wi...
10.1038/msb.2013.5
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Medicine
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Transcriptome data for SAT and its correlation with proteome data Gene expression in SATof 304 subjects involved in the SOS Sib Pair Study was analyzed by using Affymetrix U133 Plus 2. 0 microarrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The participants of the study, 209 female and 95 male subjects, were divided into thr...
10.1038/msb.2013.5
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Medicine
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This was done as the transcriptome data for SAT represent not only adipocytes but also other cell types; including immune cells and preadipocytes linked with different BMIs. The analysis demonstrates that some of the metabolic and signaling pathways found to be enriched in adipocytes based on the proteome data also sho...
10.1038/msb.2013.5
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Reconstruction of the adipocytes GEM iAdipocytes1809 GEMs are reconstructed based on high-throughput data such as genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and Figure 2 Adipocytes proteome data and its correlation with transcriptome data. (A) Proteins encoded by 14 077 genes were annotated for their presence or abs...
10.1038/msb.2013.5
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The Venn diagram shows how these genes overlap with genes in an updated version of the Human Metabolic Reaction (HMR) database and enzymes in the HPA. ( þ ) indicates the presence of protein encoded genes whereas ( À ) means the absence of protein encoded genes in adipocytes based on the here generated HPA data. (C) En...
10.1038/msb.2013.5
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First, metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins in Reactome, a manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database (Croft et al, 2011) , was merged into HepatoNet1. Second, the resulting network was combined with the evidence-based generic human models Recon1 (Duarte et al, 2007) and the compartmentalized EHMN (Hao et...
10.1038/msb.2013.5
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Medicine
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Third, the existence of each protein coding genes associated with a reaction in HMR was assessed for the presence or absence in adipocytes using previously published and the here generated adipocyte-specific proteome data. Differentially expressed genes and associated reactions in obese subjects compared with lean subj...
10.1038/msb.2013.5
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Medicine
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Reactions were included in the GEM depending on evidence from previously published models and databases (Supplementary Table S2 ) or on the availability of specific experimental evidence, for example, enzyme assay or protein identification, for the occurrence of the corresponding reaction in adipocytes. Reaction direc...
10.1038/msb.2013.5
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Medicine
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In iAdipocytes1809, individual metabolites rather than generic pool metabolites for 59 FAs (Supplementary Table S4 ) have been used and this allowed us to incorporate measured concentrations of different FAs in human plasma and adipocytes into the model. Adipocyte-specific metabolome data from the Human Metabolome Dat...
10.1038/msb.2013.5
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Medicine
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The reconstruction of iAdipocytes1809 involved a comprehensive review of lipid metabolism and gene products related to the lipid metabolism in publicly available databases were closely examined for their existence in adipocytes. In all, 1235 protein encoding genes with proteome evidence in adipocytes and 244 genes in i...
10.1038/msb.2013.5
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Medicine
https://openalex.org/fields/27