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b8dc288b-277a-4e51-b3b2-a9e496656c1a | 150 136 286 5th October 26 26 52 8 9 17 12th β 21 24 45 7 6 13 19th β 16 11 27 8 5 13 26th β 21 24 45 9 10 19 2nd November 19 27 46 7 6 13 9th β 21 29 50 13 17 30 16th , 25 21 46 7 5 12 23rd 27 22 49 10 7 17 30th 25 21 46 6 8 14 7th December . 22 25 47 7 6 13 14th , |
0c62b9ab-6b83-407f-8d6e-59763737161b | 33 14 47 7 4 11 21 st β 15 24 39 2 6 8 28th β 12 13 25 10 6 16 4th Quarter 283 281 564 101 95 196 Whole Year 1,264 1.175 2,439 553 562 1,115 13 TABLE III. BIRTHS AND DEATHS, WEST BATTERSEA, 1895. Week ending :β M. BIRTHS. DEATHS. F. total. M. F. total. 5th January 31 30 61 17 19 36 12th β 33 23 56 12 17 29 19th 37 27 64 22 22 44 26th 30 27 57 13 15 28 2nd February 27 36 63 18 20 38 9th |
635d54b3-1d0f-4d79-a56a-74d69d35aea3 | 31 28 59 19 17 36 16th 19 17 36 21 27 48 23rd β 21 33 55 29 35 64 2nd March 29 33 62 37 38 75 9th β 37 24 71 30 44 74 16th β 42 29 71 34 41 75 23rd 28 27 55 22 25 47 30th β 24 20 44 17 13 30 1 st Quarter 389 365 754 291 333 624 6th April 28 32 60 15 8 23 13th β 31 30 61 13 15 28 20th β 31 23 54 26 24 50 27th 30 24 54 18 16 34 4th May 31 29 60 13 19 |
7c5a27d8-e6d7-48e4-9ecc-4b2263d6ee9b | 32 11th β 25 28 53 9 16 25 18th β 25 31 56 13 18 31 25th , 33 23 56 17 11 28 1st June 24 20 44 12 13 25 8th 26 32 58 14 10 24 15th 36 25 61 12 12 24 22nd β 25 29 54 21 15 36 29th β 31 26 57 17 11 28 2nd Quarter 376 352 728 200 188 388 14 Births and Deaths, West Battersea, 1895, continued. Week ending M. BIRTHS. total. DEATHS. total. F. M. F. 6th July 30 26 56 13 21 34 13th 29 26 55 16 |
5ab6dd33-4fc9-42ce-a0b5-af0a40c2e986 | 17 33 20th β 29 32 6l 10 27 37 27th 17 25 42 27 21 48 3rd August 32 25 57 23 22 45 10th β 23 28 51 14 12 26 17th β 27 31 58 18 19 37 24th β 30 25 55 16 23 39 31st β 24 32 56 14 13 27 7th September 25 25 50 7 7 14 14th β 34 37 71 9 14 23 21 St β 28 26 54 14 15 29 28th β 25 22 47 11 21 32 3rd Quarter 353 360 713 192 232 424 5th October 20 20 40 17 14 31 12th |
0446c5c4-1c17-418d-bf02-48b7cb136634 | β 22 26 48 14 13 27 19th , 35 32 67 17 13 30 26th β 20 17 37 12 12 24 2nd November 22 36 58 18 17 35 9th 21 18 39 12 14 26 16th β 25 38 63 15 10 25 23rd 28 28 56 17 18 35 30th β 18 15 33 8 15 23 7th December 37 26 63 12 13 25 14th , 18 20 38 9 15 24 21st β 33 26 59 13 7 20 28th β 15 15 30 13 12 25 4th Quarter 314 317 631 177 173 350 Whole Year 1,432 1, |
5b55ae2f-5bb4-44e6-a237-e363d0c8f1fd | 394 2,826 860 926 1,786 15 TABLE IV. Battersea. 1895 Births Deaths Deaths Small Pox Measles Scarlet Fever Diphtheria Whooping Cough Fever Diarrhcea Cholera Violence Inquests Public Institutions (including Nonparishioners.) Under 1 Year. Above 6o Years 1st Quarter E 624 394 111 86 . 18 1 6 11 1 2 . 12 44 . W 753 624 141 195 . 4 . 7 17 3 6 . 15 35 162 2nd Quarter E 618 239 80 31 . 32 1 11 4 1 7 . 9 23 . W 728 388 98 110 . 7 1 3 11 1 6 . 13 24 113 3 Quarter E 683 286 160 29 . |
3f8c1de6-3e25-46bf-9150-d33d21584b80 | 17 . 5 4 1 55 3 11 23 . W 713 424 158 80 . 12 4 5 2 1 49 2 20 32 115 4th Quarter E 564 196 67 36 . 1 2 8 2 3 9 . 9 29 . W 631 350 92 98 . 8 1 15 1 4 11 1 13 22 91 Whole Year E 2439 1115 418 182 . 68 4 30 21 6 73 3 41 119 . W 2825 1786 489 483 . 31 6 30 31 9 72 3 61 113 481 Totals 5264 2901 907 665 . |
58030fbb-c88d-42cd-b94c-4ade00f52762 | 99 10 60 52 15 145 6 102 232 481 The deaths during the various quarters in the whole parish are here set out:- 1st Quarter 1,018 2nd , 627 3rd β 710 4th , 546 Total 2,901 The first quarter of the year exhibited an augmented mortality, the result mainly of diseases of the respiratory system, due to the low temperatures which prevailed. 16 The infantile mortality under one year was equal to one hundred and sixteen per thousand births and including mortality at all ages under five years, two hundred and sixty-two per thousand births, comparing favourably with the infantile mortality of 1894, when the deaths were one hundred and forty-one per thousand births under one year of age. |
f7c93de2-06a1-40d9-ad6a-f55bb56a12b5 | Table V. contains a veritable sanitary history of the parish of Battersea since 1856, the year in which modern sanitation first came into existence under the provisions of the Metropolis Local Management Act of 1855, and by which sanitary authorities, in the form of Vestries and District Boards, the latter consisting of small parishes grouped together, were first constituted for London as a whole. This parish at that time consisted of a congeries of small villages, between which extended market gardens; the inhabitants and dependents of some few dozens of large houses, the residences chiefly of merchants, with the workers at the market gardens, constituting the principal population. It will be observed that the population was then but 15,069, and at the census of 1861, had but reached the number of 19,582. The birth rate was then a little higher than now. The death rate, however, although the population was very sparse, was much higher than at present. |
6859eb58-1c5b-4142-9a53-039908ae55b4 | It has been laid down as an axiom that mortality increases in direct proportion to the density of population, and it is the aim of modern sanitation to limit or prevent such increase. That the same parish, of course with the same superficial area, should, with a ten-fold population have a reduced instead of an augmented death rate, shews that the authority having charge of the sanitation, which includes the health condition and duration of lives of the inhabitants has performed its public duties in an exemplary manner. 17 TABLE V. Year. Mean Population for Year. Births. Birth rate. Deaths. Death rate. Zymotic Deaths. Natural Increase 1856 15,069 536 36.2 320 21.2 45 216 1857 15,970 582 36.0 343 21.4 46 239 1858 16,872 562 33.3 380 22.5 100 182 1859 17, |
bcd26420-e452-497c-8ca6-9019e266f944 | 774 685 38.5 394 22.1 96 292 1860 18,676 680 36.4 399 21.3 62 281 1861 19,582 750 38.3 505 25.7 112 245 1862 23,108 784 33.9 491 21.2 106 293 1863 26,635 1,042 39.1 522 19.5 86 520 1864 30,161 1,140 37.7 669 22.1 129 471 1865 33,688 1,357 40.2 785 23.3 177 572 1866 37,145 1,386 37.3 1,002 26.9 244 384 1867 40,74I 1,734 42.5 870 21. |
b1342637-8dc2-44a0-8eb2-deeff168a3ec | 3 122 864 1868 44,267 1,975 44.6 1,046 23.6 194 929 1869 47,749 2,096 43.8 1,121 23.4 247 975 1870 51,320 2,170 42.2 1,375 26.7 404 795 1871 54,847 2,220 40.4 1,472 26.8 463 748 1872 60,244 2,349 38.9 1,202 19.9 220 1,147 1873 65,614 2,659 40.5 1,307 19.9 205 1,352 1874 70,984 2,865 40.3 1,387 19.5 238 1,478 1875 76.354 3,080 40. |
94e68b28-531b-45fc-8e0f-204b1d1f0c96 | 3 1,724 22.5 307 1,356 1876 81,704 3.455 42.2 1,745 21.3 340 1,710 1877 87,094 3,481 39.9 1,725 19.8 280 1,756 1878 92,464 3,748 40.5 1,803 19.4 322 1,945 1879 97,834 4,001 40.8 1,980 20.2 355 2,021 1880 103,204 4.095 39.6 2,040 19.7 383 2,055 1881 108,342 4,452 41.8 2,033 18.7 381 2,419 1882 112,661 4,504 39.9 2,214 19. |
d662543d-f826-4cfe-a0d3-1ba2801e1bf6 | 6 353 2,190 1883 116,980 4,711 40.2 2,344 20.0 369 2,367 1884 121,299 5,275 43.4 2,569 21.1 568 2,706 1885 125,618 4,654 37.0 2,566 20.4 432 2,088 1886 129,937 5,140 39.5 2,477 19.0 398 2,663 1887 134,256 5,186 38.6 2,451 18.2 502 2,735 1888 138,565 5,061 36.5 2,187 15.7 363 2,874 1889 142,884 5,161 36.1 2,240 15.6 366 2, |
4024dc6f-6890-40d3-ac8d-b7c86f6ef330 | 921 1890 147,203 5,105 34.6 2.854 19.3 543 2,251 1891 151,537 5,237 34.5 2,619 17.2 398 2,618 1892 155,856 4,990 32.0 2,692 17.2 473 2,298 1893 160,175 5,225 32.6 2,801 17.4 564 2,424 1894 164,494 5,024 30.5 2,404 14.6 468 2,620 1895 168,813 5,264 31.1 2,901 17.1 491 2,363 Tables VI. VII. VIII. and IX. with addendum, contain particulars of the mortality respectively of East Battersea, West Battersea, and in the Union Infirmary, |
68704332-2210-4adb-a6cc-a378055d40f9 | giving separately parishioners and non-parishioners, and in the addendum of the other public institutions situated within the parish. These tables have been used from 1856, and are continued for purposes of comparison with former years as well as being the basis upon which all the other mortality tables are founded. 18 TABEL VI. STATISTICS OF MORTALITY. EAST BATTERSEA. Total Deaths from each Class of Disease, &c. in the Sub- District.. Sex. Age. Social Position Population (Census) 1891, 67,144. Males. Females. Under 1 year. From 1 to 5 years. Total under 5 years. From 5 to 15 years. From 15 to 25 years. From 25 to 65 years. 65 years and upwards. Nobility and Gentry. Professional Class, Merchants, Bankers. |
162ec572-bd15-4d9f-8752-3e35ee96a4ef | &c. Middle and Trading Class, Shopmen, Clerks, &c. Industrial and Labouring Classes. Estimated mean population for middle of 1895, 72,479- 1, Zymotic. Small-pox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measles 68 34 34 16 40 62 6 . . . . . . 68 Scarlet Fever 4 3 1 . 2 2 2 . 1 . . . . 4 Typhus Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enteric Fever 6 3 3 . . . 1 2 3 . . . . 6 Puerperal Fever 2 . 2 . . . . . 2 . . . . 2 Diphtheria 30 15 15 4 22 26 4 . . . . . . |
b9c4c766-45e5-4d57-b600-3075a4cc98b2 | 40 Whooping Cough 21 11 10 11 9 20 1 . . . . . . 21 Erysipelas 1 . 1 . . . . . . 1 . . . 1 Diarrhoea, Dysentery and Cholera 76 38 38 62 8 70 . . 2 4 . . 2 74 Influenza 44 14 30 4 2 6 1 2 25 10 . 1 3 40 Other Zymotic Diseases 1 1 . 1 . 1 . . . . . . . 1 Total of Zymotic Diseases 253 119 134 98 89 187 14 4 33 15 . 1 6 247 II. Constitutional. |
8d6faf5a-efe1-42eb-8fc3-ccbd445ad6d3 | Gout .. ... ... ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Rheumatism 3 1 2 .. .. .. 1 .. 2 .. .. .. .. ... Cancer & other Tumours 29 7 22 .. .. .. 1 .. 23 5 1 .. 1 27 Other Constitutional Diseases 2 2 .. 2 .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. T ubercular. Phthisis 74 35 39 2 4 6 1 14 51 2 .. .. 1 73 Other Tubercular Diseases 62 38 24 28 24 52 5 .. 5 .. .. .. 1 61 III. Local. Nervous 147 83 64 34 59 93 5 2 22 25 .. . |
c80ef6b0-4fa0-4136-ae35-4c99b7705805 | 4 143 Circulatory 66 29 37 2 2 4 1 2 46 13 .. .. 1 65 Respiratory 202 95 107 68 51 119 2 2 43 36 .. .. 7 195 Digestive 35 16 9 12 5 17 1 1 13 3 .. .. 2 33 Urinary 18 9 9 1 .. 1 1 .. 13 3 .. .. 2 16 Generative 4 .. 4 .. .. .. .. .. 4 .. .. .. .. 4 Locomotory .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Integumentary .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. IV.Developmental. |
35f1c935-f189-4e3e-ac09-f1e5ef0fa7c2 | Premature Birth, Low Vitality and Congenital Defects 152 83 69 152 .. 152 .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 145 Old Age 25 11 14 .. .. .. .. .. 1 24 .. .. 2 23 V. Violence 41 24 17 18 3 21 1 4 9 6 .. .. 1 41 VI. All other Diseases 2 1 1 1 1 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Totals 1115 553 562 418 238 656 33 29 265 132 1 1 34 1079 BAT 3 19 TABLE VII. STATISTICS OF MORTALITY. WEST BATTERSEA. Total Deaths from each Class of Disease, &c. in the Sub-District. Sex. Age. Social Position Population (Census) 1891, 81,999. Males. |
672d8dc2-03bb-4cb7-af83-2c1acf9d2278 | |Females. Under 1 year. From 1 to 5 years. Total under 5 years. From 5 to 15 years. From 15 to 25 years. From 25 to 65 years. 65 years and upwards. Nobility and Gentry. Professional Class, Mer|chants Bankers. &c.. Middle and 1 Trading Class, Shopmen, Clerks, 8tc. Industrial and Labouring Classes. Estimated mean population lor middle of 1895, 95,019. I, Zymotic. Small-pox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measles 29 11 18 12 15 27 1 . 1 . . 1 . 28 Scarlet Fever 6 3 3 . 4 4 2 . . . . . . 6 Typhus Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
9b42a7b1-cf41-4ca7-8463-23d3914e6c4a | Enteric Fever 9 7 2 . . . 1 3 5 . . . 2 7 Puerperal Fever 2 . 2 . . . . 2 . . . . 2 . Diphtheria 30 17 13 3 17 20 8 1 1 . . . 3 27 Whooping Cough 31 14 17 14 16 30 1 . . . . . 2 29 Erysipelas 3 3 . . . . . . 3 . . . . 3 Diarrhcea, Dysentery and Cholera 64 34 30 52 7 59 . . 2 3 . . 10 54 Influenza 38 20 18 3 2 5 . 2 17 14 . 2 5 31 Other Zymotic Diseases . . . . . . |
849f33fb-3f59-41fe-a2fa-40c4deeeeb48 | ... ... ... .. .. .. .. .. Total of Zymotic Diseases 212 109 103 84 61 145 13 8 29 17 ... 3 24 185 11. Constitutional. Gout 3 3 .. ... ... .. .. .. 1 2 .. .. .. 3 Rheumatism 10 5 5 .. .. .. .. .. 9 1 .. .. 1 9 Cancer & other Tumours 47 17 30 .. .. .. .. .. 33 14 4 4 3 36 Other Constitutional Diseases 4 1 3 3 .. 3 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. 4 Tubercular. |
fb420358-4be4-4729-a7cd-bbb0dd6bcea2 | Phthisis 80 42 38 1 2 3 ... 12 63 2 1 3 5 71 Other Tubercular Diseases 58 26 32 30 11 41 5 4 8 .. .. .. 5 53 III. Local. |
fc473b75-ccc9-4bac-9ef7-98551f22c420 | Nervous 139 56 83 44 27 71 5 3 32 28 2 1 19 117 Circulatory 74 26 48 2 1 3 1 3 41 26 1 2 9 62 Respiratory 314 138 176 87 57 144 7 4 101 58 5 6 20 280 Digestive 65 34 31 23 5 28 1 4 25 7 1 .. 7 57 Urinary 24 13 11 .. .. ... .. 1 14 9 .. .. 6 18 Generative 3 .. 3 .. .. .. .. 1 2 .. 1 .. .. 2 Locomotory .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Integumentary 1 .. 1 .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 IV.Developmental. |
c1aba064-7385-48c5-a999-1a24b476e7ae | Premature Birth, Low Vitality and Congenital Defects 176 101 75 176 .. 176 .. .. .. .. .. 3 9 164 Old Age 53 18 35 .. .. .. .. .. .. 53 .. 2 2 49 V. Violence 40 24 16 15 7 22 3 6 6 3 .. 1 .. 39 VI. All other Diseases 2 .. 2 ... ... ... .. .. 2 .. .. .. 1 1 Totals 1305 613 692 465 172 637 35 46 367 220 15 25 111 1154 20 TABLE VIII. STATISTICS OF MORTALITY. Wandsworth and Clapham Union Infirmary. Total Deaths from each Class of Disease, &c. Sex. Age. Social Position Males. Females. Under 1 year. From 1 to 5 years. |
bdc18c71-dff4-44b5-9bd9-fc74a520e444 | Total under 5 years. From 5 to 15 years. From 15 to 25 years. From 25 to 65 years. 65 years and upwards. Nobility and Gentry Professional Class, Merchants, Bankers, &c. Middle and Trading Class, Shopmen, Clerks, &c. Industrial and Labouring Classes. [Parishioners.] 1895. I. Zymotic. Small-pox . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measles 1 . 1 . 1 1 . . . . . . . 1 Scarlet Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Typhus Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enteric Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Puerperal Fever 1 . 1 . . . . 1 . . . . . 1 Diphtheria . . |
a63a7041-35d6-4113-b578-91802bdad0f4 | . . . . . . . . . . . . Whooping Cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Erysipelas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DiarrhΕa, Dysentry, and Cholera 5 3 2 4 1 5 . . . . . . . 5 Influenza 3 1 2 . . . . 2 1 . . . . 3 Other Zymotic Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total of Zymotic Diseases 10 4 6 4 2 6 . 3 1 . . . . 10 II. Constitutional. Gout 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. 1 Rheumatism . |
e3cc35ef-69e9-4c48-bd82-382722f7eac6 | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cancer & other Tumours 13 8 5 .. .. .. .. .. 10 3 .. .. ... 13 Other Constitutional Diseases 6 3 5 5 .. 5 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. 6 Tubercular. Phthisis 40 24 16 .. .. .. .. 8 30 2 ... ... .. 40 Other Tubercular Diseases 2 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. ... .. .. 2 III. Local. |
c7b08ee8-9d5b-47a0-aa1e-a28c08c6e396 | Nervous 23 12 11 .. 1 1 2 1 15 4 .. ... .. 23 Circulatory 37 15 22 .. .. .. .. 1 20 16 .. .. .. 37 Respiratory 58 30 23 5 1 6 .. 4 27 21 ... ... .. 68 Digestive 7 1 6 .. .. .. .. 1 5 1 .. .. .. 7 Urinary 7 4 3 .. 1 1 .. .. 6 .. .. .. .. 7 Generative .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Locomotory .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Integumentary .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. ... IV.Developmental. |
cc46332c-45db-466d-b1a0-e27644f76cb7 | Premature Birth, Low Vitality and Congenital Delects 3 J 2 3 .. 3 .. .. .. .. ... ... ... 3 Old Age 21 14 7 .. .. .. .. .. ... 21 ... .. ... 21 V. Violence 4 2 2 .. .. ... ... .. 2 2 ... .. ... 4 VI. All other Diseases .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Totals 232 120 112 17 5 22 2 19 119 70 ... .. .. 232 21 TABLE IX. STATISTICS OF MORTALITY. Wandsworth and Clapham Union Infirmary. [Non-Parishioners.] 1895. Total Deaths from each Class of Disease, &c. Sex. Age. Social Position Males. Females. Under 1 year. From 1 to 5 years. Total under 5 years. |
57c5c871-7e3b-4cbf-a914-fc832a017020 | From 5 to 15 years. From 15 to 25 years. From 25 to 65 years. 65 years and upwards. Nobility and Gentry Professional Class, Merchants, Bankers, &c. Middle and Trading Class, Shopmen, Clerks, &c. Industrial and Labouring Classes. 1. Zymotic. Small-pox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measles 1 1 . . 1 1 . . . . . . . 1 Scarlet Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Typhus Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enteric Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Puerperal Fever 1 . 1 . . . . . 1 . . . . 1 Diphtheria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
22d2764c-7e24-4ab1-a9a2-de6f021e4efd | Whooping Cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Erysipelas 2 1 1 . . . . . . 2 . . . 2 DiarrhΕa, Dysentry, and Cholera 5 2 3 1 3 4 . . 1 . . . . 5 Influenza 6 2 4 . . . . . 3 3 . . . 6 Other Zymotic Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total of Zymotic Diseases 15 6 9 1 4 5 . . 5 5 . . . 15 II. Constitutional. |
84ef18dc-386a-486b-8cf9-a0167d2029be | Gout 1 1 .. .. ... .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. 1 Rheumatism 4 1 3 .. .. .. ... ... .. 4 .. .. .. 4 Cancer & other Tumours Other Constitutional 17 10 7 .. .. ... .. .. 12 5 .. .. ... 17 Diseases 6 1 5 3 1 4 .. 1 ... 1 .. .. .. 6 Tubercular. Phthisis 25 10 15 .. .. .. .. 4 20 1 ... ... .. 25 Other Tubercular Diseases 1 ... 1 .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. ... .. .. 1 III. Local. |
6d78461d-24b9-4d61-8023-aa156c40c5c0 | Nervous 24 10 14 ... .. ... 1 4 12 7 .. ... ... 24 Circulatory 36 13 23 .. .. .. .. 2 12 22 .. .. .. 36 Respiratory 49 31 18 2 4 6 1 .. 16 26 ... ... .. 49 Digestive 5 4 1 .. .. .. .. .. 5 .. .. ... ... 5 Urinary 7 7 .. .. .. .. .. ... 6 1 .. .. .. 7 Generative .. .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. Locomotory .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. Integumentary .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. ... .. ... IV.Developmental. |
17dd2e51-909f-46fe-9ddb-369b159f51d6 | Premature Birth, Low Vitality and Congenital Defects 1 .. 1 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. ... ... ... 1 Old Age 28 15 13 .. .. .. .. .. ... 28 ... .. ... 28 V. Violence 9 7 2 .. .. ... 1 1 5 2 ... .. ... 9 VI. All other Diseases .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Totals 228 116 112 7 10 17 3 3 94 102 ... .. ... 228 22 Particulars of deaths within the Parish in Public Institutions other than the Wandsworth and Clapham Union Infirmary. Parishioners. |
a844a481-23e7-4d2f-bfb0-56d1da345fbc | Bolingbroke Hospital Female 69 years DiarrhΕa β β Male 22 years Burns β β Male 37 years Violence (Accident, thrown from horse) β β Female 40 years Cancer β β Female 76 years Burns β β Male 38 years Violence (Accident, train) β β Female 10 years Digestive Broomwood College Male 85 years Senile decay Southlands College Male 61 years Influenza Non-Parishioners. Bolingbroke Hospital Male 7 years Accident, burns β β Female 50 years Cancer β β Male 60 years Digestive β β Male 61 years Cancer ,, β Female 59 years Accident, fall β β Male 17 years Suicide, poisoning ,, β Male 67 years Cancer ,, β Male 48 years Accident, fall β β Female 56 years Cancer β β Female 27 years Caries of spine St. |
7f0449bb-dbfe-491f-9663-a013679c6aa2 | James, Westminster, Schools Female 15 years Phthisis β β Female 42 years Apoplexy Table B. This, the second table prescribed by the Local Government Board, contains particulars of the population, births, notifications of infectious disease in the several localities and various public institutions (themselves treated as separate localities), situated within the parish, and the cases of infectious disease removed from their homes in these several localities for treatment in the Metropolitan Asylums Board isolation hospitals. The cases of erysipelas are mostly removed to the Infirmary of the Wandsworth and Clapham Union, situated in St. John's Hill, within the parish, as also cases of puerperal fever, other hospitals not providing accommodation for these two diseases. It will be observed that the several localities and institutions have populations assigned to them. |
f776cd03-75c1-4a87-800c-e0a84155b94e | The out-door districts of East and West Battersea have populations based upon the ascertained increase of population during the last inter-censal period, while the institutions have the census populations of 1891 given. Table B of Population, Births, and of New Cases of Infectious Sickness coming to the knowledge of the Medical Officer of Health, during the Year 1895 in the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Battersea, classified according to Diseases, Ages and Localities. Names of localities adopted for the purpose of these statistics. Public Institutions being shown as separate localities. Population at all ages. Registered Births. Aged under 5 or over 5 New Cases coming to knowledge of Medical Officer of Health No. of Cases removed for treatment in Isolation Hospitals. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Small Pox. |
865a71fb-38fa-457b-b8ed-e191524a4bcc | Scarlatina. Diphtheria. Membranous Croup. fevers. Cholera. Erysipelas. Small Pox. Scarlatina. Diphtheria. Membranous Croup. fevers. Cholera. Erysipelas. Typhus. Enteric or Typhoid. Continued. Relapsing. Puerperal. Typhus. Enteric or Typhoid. Continued. Relapsing. Puerperal. Census. 1891. Estimate to middle of 1895. |
3bd1ca99-e284-4bd9-9c15-fa44ea46c02f | East Battersea 67144 72749 2439 Under 5 109 62 20 3 5 57 29 2 1 1 5 upwards 16 261 120 6 62 3 5 98 15 139 29 1 32 3 5 West Battersea (excluding Public Institutions) 81999 95019 2825 Under 5 106 68 9 2 6 47 28 5 upwards 3 343 124 1 1 67 1 4 89 3 199 39 18 1 9 Wandsworth & Clapham Union Infirmary, St. John's Hill 615 615 Under 5 5 5 5 upwards 2 3 1 1 1 44 2 3 1 Bolingbroke Hospital, Bolingbroke Grove Under 5 5 upwards Westminster Union Schools, St. |
7f011fac-5221-4f29-8596-e510af527e77 | James' Road 152 152 Under 5 5 upwards 3 3 Southlands College Under 5 5 upwards Broomwood College Under 5 5 upwards Emanuel Schools, Wandsworth Common 232 232 Under 5 5 upwards 1 2 Masonic School for Girls, Battersea Rise 316 316 Under 5 5 upwards Totals 150458 169083 5264 Under 5 220 130 29 5 11 109 57 2 1 1 5 upwards 2l 610 245 7 1 130 5 10 233 20 344 68 1 51 3 1 14 24 TABLE X. Particulars of Infectious Cases Notified during the year 1895. |
c77d3568-dafa-460f-8705-943c07d93889 | Number of cases Notified Cholera Small Pox Scarlet Fever Diphtheria Membranous Croup Typhus Fever Typhoid Fever Continued Fever | Relapsing Fever | Puerperal Fever | Erysipelas total. ... 21 830 375 36 1 135 5 ... 10 244 1657 No. of Fatal Cases at home ... ... 10 40 20 1 15 ... ... 6 6 98 TABLE XI. Particulars of Cases of Infectious Disease Removed to Hospital during the year 1895. No. of Cases removed to Hospitals Cholera Small Pox Scarlet Fever Diphtheria Membranous Croup Typhus Fever Typhoid Fever Continued Fever Relapsing Fever Puerperal Fever Erysipelas total. ... 20 453 125 3 ... 52 3 ... 1 15 672 No. of Fatal Cases in Hospitals. |
f0594314-39b7-4ce2-b19c-2402bf898217 | ... 1 18 34 ... ... 8 ... ... ... ... 61 25 Below will be found a synopsis of the notifications received during 1895, with removals to hospital:β Notifications. Removed to Hospital. |
a58e5223-d5a5-43a7-a209-206b5d7e57c8 | Cholera β β Small Pox 21 20 Scarlet Fever 830 453 Diphtheria 375 125 Membranous Croup 36 3 Typhus Fever 1 β Typhoid Fever 135 52 Continued Fever 5 3 Relapsi ng Fever β β Puerperal Fever 10 1 Erysipelas 244 15 1,657 672 Ages:β Under 5 years 395 170 5 Years and upwards 1,262 502 1,657 672 Where occurring:β East Battersea 770 314 West Battersea 824 344 Union Infirmary 57 11 Bolingbroke Hospital β β Westminster Schools 3 3 Emanuel School 3 β Masonic Schools β β 1,657 672 26 The various Hospitals to which the cases have been removed are as follows :β Asylums Board Hospitals Victoria Hospital. St. Thomas' Hospital. St. George's Hospital. |
5a34214b-5fc7-4edc-9838-5979156374f0 | Westminster Hospital. London Fever Hospitals, and Wandsworth & Clapham Union Infirmary. Small-Pox. A slight increase in the number of cases of this disease notified during the year, twenty-one cases compared with twelve in 1894. Twenty-one cases are given in Table B., but one was not a case of true small pox but of a disease closely resembling it, and difficult to differentiate. The remaining twenty cases were promptly removed to the Metropolitan Asylum Boards Hospital Ships and the necessary disinfections promptly performed, and all other precautions taken. By the courtesy of Mr. T. Duncombe Mann, the Secretary of the Metropolitan Asylums Board, I am enabled to give a detailed list of the cases admitted to the Hospital Ships in Long Reach, under the care of the Medical Superintendent, Dr. J. F. Rickett, who has been good enough to furnish me with the list which shows that of the twenty patients received one died insufficiently protected by vaccination. |
b854d462-8293-48fc-a00a-e2fd36525576 | Pending the report of the Commission on vaccination I do not propose to make any observations on the subject, but will on a subsequent occasion go largely into the vaccination question, it being one that should be put in such a form as to be readily understood, as it is very probable that ultimately the control of vaccination will be placed in the hands of the Local Sanitary Authorities. I reserve further comment. 27 Small Pox Cases Admitted to the Metropolitan Asylums Boards Hospital Ships at Long Reach from battersea, during the year 1895. No Name. Age. Sex. Address. Date of Admission. Statement as to Primary Vaccination. No. of Scars. Collective Area. Re-vaccinated. 1. W. H. 18 M Wandsworth Infirmary Jan. 4 In infancy 3 1.69 sq. in. Not Recovered 2 E. B. 41 M Do. 4 β 1 0. |
3c5811dc-804c-4e31-bd0d-65f8ed8c605e | 21 β β β β 3 A. D 9 M 1, Duffield Street, Falcon Road β 12 Not vaccinated None - - β 4 A. C. 20 M Relief Station, Latchmere Road July 9 In infancy 4 0.70 β β Not β 5 h. l. 48 M Do. β 27 β 2 0.16 β β β β 6 w. 0. 23 M S. A. Shelter, Bridge Road β 27 β 2 0.13 β β β β 7 g. c. 30 M 58, Mysore Road Aug. 13 β 2 0.96 β β β β 8 W. S. 66 M Wandsworth Infirmary β 21 β 3 0.40 β β β β 9 A. M. |
0f4de935-2844-4cbd-bcaf-a6b40808c162 | 56 M 62, Eland Road β 29 β 1 0.56 β β β β 10 S. H. 18 F 33, Kingsley Street Sept. 2 β 4 1.17 β β 20th August (unsuccessfully.) β 11 T. E. 31 m 96, Stormont Road β 10 β 4 0.84 β β Not β 12 E. P. N. 52 F 62, Eland Road β12 β 1 0.11 β β β β 13 F. B C. 16 F 14, Ponton Road β 14 β 4 1.07β β β β 14 N. C 24 F Do. β 14 β 3 i 1.02 β β β β 15 J. R C. 21 M Do. |
53af5c47-dc78-42dd-8867-cc4599be3d8c | β14 β 6 3.63 β β β β 16 M. T 18 F 4, Linford Street, β20 β 4 2 58 β β β β 17 J. C. 17 M 35, Wycliffe Road β20 β 3 0.60 β β β β 18 E. C. 52 F Do. Oct. 4 β 4 0.75 β β β β 19 W. F 27 M 14, Ponton Road β10 β 3 2 .18 β β β β 20 E N. 15 F 47, Beaufoy Road β24 Not vaccinated None - - Died 28 As there have been complaints that persons suffering from this and other infectious diseases have been conveyed in public conveyances, the following notice has been issued to those concerned, such as cabmen and conductors of tram cars and omnibuses. The Vestry of the Parish of St. |
0b56bc6a-aed4-4e70-816b-211f207b4cd3 | Mary, Battersea.βNotice to owners of public conveyances, drivers, &c.βThe Vestry of the Parish of St. Mary, Battersea, desire to draw the attention of the public to sec. 70, of the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, which enacts that it shall not be lawful for any owner or driver of a public conveyance knowingly to convey, or for any other person knowingly to place, in any public conveyance, a person suffering from any dangerous infectious disease, or for a person suffering from any such disease to enter any public conveyance and if he does so he shall be liable to a fine not exceeding Β£10; and if any person so suffering is conveyed in any public conveyance, the owner or driver thereof as soon as it comes to his knowledge shall give notice to the Sanitary Authority, and shall cause such conveyance to be disinfected, and if he fails to do so he shall be liable to a fine not exceeding Β£5, |
56d1917e-2671-465f-a2ea-3a18cb91de29 | and the owner or driver of such conveyance shall be entitled to recover in a summary manner from the person so conveyed by him or from the person causing that person to be so conveyed a sum sufficient to cover any loss and expense incurred by him in connection with such disinfection. A Chamber has been provided at the Vestry's Depot, Culvert Road, where conveyances can be disinfected free of charge. The Metropolitan Asylums Board will remove in one of their Ambulances any person suffering from infectious disease to places other than the Board's hospitals upon application and payment of the sum of five shillings. In the case 29 of inability to pay such sum application should be made to the Sanitary Department of the Vestry, by whom such removal will be effected. By Order of the Vestry of the Parish of St. Mary, Battersea. Scarlet Fever. Eight hundred and thirty cases of this disease were notified during the year 1895. |
f7602ea8-5fda-4c58-ab0b-94668205577b | Four hundred and fifty-three in which there was not efficient isolation to be obtained at home, or where, from the severe type of the disease or other causes, proper provision for the nursing and care of the sick could not be there obtained, were removed to the Metropolitan Asylums Board Hospitals, chiefly to the Fountain Hospital at Tooting, which latter has proved to be of inestimable value to this district, saving long journies and much valuable time. Rather less than four per cent, of the cases admitted to hospital died, being a very low rate and shewing the admirable treatment there adopted. The other three hundred and seventy-seven cases, in which proper nursing and isolation existed, remained at home. These cases would include the milder attacks, ten proving fatal, being less than three per cent., contrasting with the cases removed to hospital. Diphtheria and Membranous Croup. |
b8556943-0de7-4d7a-a349-2fb983adb5ba | These diseases are here grouped together as it is impossible to distinguish between them in many instances, diphtheria of the air passages being generally returned as membranous croup, but not always, many cases being termed laryngeal diphtheria. Of these combined diseases, which originate as far as modern research extends from the same source, and therefore here grouped together as diphtheria, four hundred and eleven cases were notified during 1895. One hundred and twentyeight were sent to hospital, many in extremis, for the sake of having tracheotomy performed as the only method of averting death from suffocation. Fifty-three hospital cases died, just forty-two per cent. 30 Two hundred and eighty-three, including the milder cases such as diphtheritic sore throat, remained at home. Of these sixty died, just over twenty-one per cent. of cases. Enteric and other Fevers. |
8a149f5b-1777-42da-93e5-1ebae74d84fc | Enteric fever has been somewhat prevalent during the year 1895, one hundred and thirty-five cases having been notified. Fifty-two were removed to hospital, of whom eight died or slightly above fifteen per cent. The other eighty-three were treated at home, the majority being mild cases, and fifteen of these died or over eighteen per cent. The total mortality of all cases was over sixteen per cent. Five non-fatal cases of continued fever were notified and require no comment. Three were removed to hospital. Puerperal Fever was notified in ten cases of whom six died, this disease being extremely fatal. One was sent to hospital and recovered. Erysipelas. This disease still continues prevalent, two hundred and fifty-four cases being notified in 1895, against three hundred and twenty-five in 1894. Fifteen cases were removed to hospital, none of whom died, the rest, two hundred and forty-four remained at home of whom six died. |
04370c98-b32e-4d0e-a0e7-bb49aabba8c9 | Those removed were taken to the Wandsworth and Clapham Union Infirmary in the majority of instances, as general hospitals do not admit such cases as a rule, and the Metropolitan Asylums Board Hospitals do not receive them. The term erysipelas covers so many degrees and forms of inflammatory affections, that no profitable conclusions could be deduced from any further detail. DiarrhΕa. In consequence of the prevalence of DiarrhΕa and like affections of the digestive tract during the hotter months, more especially among hand fed infants, the Sanitary Committee directed the preparation and issue of precautions to be taken in the method of feeding and generally treating young children. These are appended:β BAT 3 31 PRECAUTIONS AS TO DIARRHCEA. |
c7b0396f-4f7c-4ca2-b6b0-9a3ab99fc43f | In consequence of the prevalence of DiarrhΕa amongst young children, more especially those brought up by hand, the Vestry as the Sanitary Authority acting under the advice of their Medical Officer of Health, beg to direct the attention of Parents and others having care of young children to the great advisability of boiling all water and milk used for feeding such children. Care should be taken as to the sound condition of every article of food for children, anything not fresh being withheld. Fruit especially should not be given if in the slightest degree decomposed. Cleanliness of person and dwellings with frequent flushing of house drains is of the greatest value. Disinfectants in case of illness are supplied free of charge on application to the Sanitary Department, Town Hall Road, between the hours of 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., and on Saturdays, between 9 a.m. and 1 p.m. Measles. |
3343e1f2-660a-4693-a801-4acac24c3d90 | The number of cases which occurred during the earlier months of 1895 cannot be ascertained, as this, the most fatal of all zymotic diseases, still remains non-notifiable. The number of fatal cases became so grave that I was directed to re-issue a bill giving the public instructions as to the necessary precautions to be observed during an epidemic of this disease, and they are here appended. Ninety-nine fatal cases were recorded during the year, the number during 1894 having been one hundred and fifty-one. 32 PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED during the EPIDEMIC OF MEASLES. The Vestry, as the Sanitary Authority for the Parish, and as advised by the Medical Officer of Health, desire to direct the attention of parents and others to the importance of checking the spread of Measles, which is now prevalent in an epidemic form and is causing much mortality by complications, such as Bronchitis and Pneumonia. |
e536457e-bf57-4487-aca4-6d32b3a96185 | All children suffering from Measles, even in the earliest stage, before the eruption appears, should be isolated from others. The first symptoms of Measles are running at the eyes and nose, with repeated sneezing and a puffy appearance of the face and eyelids and, a few days after, the appearance of the rash which is raised and red or purplish in colour. The child should be kept in bed from the first appearance of the symptoms until the rash has finally disappeared, in order to avoid the danger of lung complications which are the real causes of death, uncomplicated measles not being usually fatal. Medical aid should be sought in every case where difficulty of breathing is observed. Disinfectants in a dilute form should be freely used in every case of measles in a warm bath at the onset and termination of the disease, and to sponge the face and other parts during the illness. |
b5f34db6-ee20-4c73-b0ba-ac758b21a1e2 | In case of inability to obtain suitable disinfectants the same will be supplied, free of charge, on application to the Vestry's Sanitary Department, Town Hall Road, Lavender Hill. 33 The epidemic declined during the summer months, hut was accompanied and followed by deaths from whooping cough and other respiratory disorders. Influenza. The sixth epidemic of this disease, which first appeared in this country after an absence of nearly fifty years in 1889, again affected a large number of persons in the early months of the year. Although many hundreds were incapacitated yet the mortality was below that of other years during which it was prevalent. Ninety-two deaths were recorded, the greatest number known in any one year except eighteen hundred and ninety-two and eighteen hundred and ninety three, when the deaths numbered one hundred and thirty-three and one hundred and eighteen respectively. There can, however, be no doubt that the high mortality from diseases of the respiratory system was much influenced by this disease. |
17e0b045-bdba-47b7-8005-48cfbe9930a7 | By the order of the Sanitary Committee a list of precautions to be taken drawn up by me was re-issued and circulated largely throughout the parish, and is here reproduced. The diagram annexed shows the relative prevalence of fatal cases during the different seasons of the year, but gives no indication of the number of cases which were probably a hundred fold greater, including cases in every degree of severity. It is a disease of the greatest variability, many, probably the majority of cases, being merely a matter of a few days or even hours. Others are of pronounced severity, and as malignant and fatal as the worst forms of tropical fever which indeed Influenza when severe precisely resembles and from which it is most probably derived. 34 CHART INDICATING NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM INFLUENZA during the year 1895. 35 PRECAUTIONS AGAINST INFLUENZA. The Vestry of the Parish of St. |
fbcbc892-7e4e-42ae-9620-18c39cbbbd00 | Mary, Battersea, as the Sanitary Authority and as advised by the Medical Officer of Health, in consequence of the renewed prevalence of Influenza, desire to direct the attention of the public to the extremely infectious character of the disease, and to point out that to the exposure of those in an infective condition from influenza, by neglect to isolate themselves during the period of such infective condition, the spread and maintenance of the disease is chiefly due. It is probable that the breath of those so affected is the principal medium by which infection is conveyed. The early symptoms of influenza are chiefly chills and shivering, accompanied by great muscular weakness and prostration, often amounting to inability to stand or move, with pains in the spine or other parts of the body. It is desirable that persons thus affected should at once go to bed and there remain until convalescence is established in order to avoid the dangers of Pneumonia or Bronchitis, which are the chief complications to be feared, as likely to lead to fatal results. |
9f8b96f9-d2e9-4249-a9ed-afc42c264a87 | Early recourse to medical assistance is desirable in every case, both for the determination of the real nature of the disease and for the prevention of the more serious complications. A most important memorandum has been issued by the Medical Officer of the Local Government Board, and been produced as the result of questions in Parliament, addressed to Ministers, on the subject of a very fatal outbreak at the end of 1894 and beginning of 1895, and is here set out. MEMORANDUM ON EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA. Influenza became epidemic in England in the winter of 1889-90; it recurred in epidemic form in the spring of 1891, and was maintained up to June of that year; a third epidemic took 36 place in the winter of 1891-92, and after a minor recrudescence in the spring of 1893, a fifth prevalence on a wide scale took place in the winter of 1893-94. |
868e9549-d899-4d04-9862-f2fb6dfed2db | England is now passing through a sixth epidemic period. Two detailed reports have been issued by the Board on the subject. The first was Dr. Parsons, "On the Influenza Epidemic of 1889-90," with an introduction by Sir George Buchanan, M.D., F.R.S., the Board's Medical Officer at that date. The second was a "Further Report on Epidemic Influenza, 1889-92," by Dr. Parsons, with papers on the Clinical and Pathological aspects of the Disease, by Dr. Klein, F.R.S., and an introduction by myself. A "Provisional Memorandum upon Precautions advisable at times when Epidemic Influenza threatens, or is prevalent," was also drawn up by me in January, 1892, and was issued by the Board to local sanitary authorities. |
468935f7-b331-4b9e-9612-d49624d39b9f | The further study made by the Medical Department as to the natural history of Influenza, and as to its clinical and bacteriological characteristics, goes to show that it is a disease against which it is most difficult to apply measures of prevention with any substantial prospect of success. Influenza is highly infective from person to person; its infectious quality is often manifested before the disease is fully recognised; its incubation period is one of the shortest of all infectious diseases; it varies so much in intensity that many cases are never diagnosed at all; one attack confers no marked immunity against another; and the infection is largely eliminated by means of the lungs, the sputa of the sick being invariably charged, during the acute stage of the disease, with its pathognomonic micro-organism. The disease calls primarily for measures of isolation and of disinfection, but there are difficulties in making any such measures universally applicable. |
64e46eb0-594f-4536-b6ed-1b12df7fb239 | Wherever they can be carried out, the following precautions should, however, be adopted:β 37 1st. The sick should be separated from the healthy. This is especially important in the case of first attacks in a locality or a household. 2nd. The sputa of the sick should, especially in the acute stage of the disease, be received into vessels containing disinfectants. Infected articles and rooms should be cleansed and disinfected. 3rd. When Influenza threatens, unnecessary assemblage of persons should be avoided. 4th. Buildings and rooms in which many people necessarily congregate should be efficiently aerated and cleansed during the intervals of occupation. It should be borne in mind that the liability to contract Influenza, and also the danger of an attack, if contracted, are increased by depressing conditions, such as exposure to cold, and to fatigue whether mental or physical. |
56765d94-7ecf-4f18-bc06-1c578a930b48 | Attention should hence be paid at epidemic periods to all measures tending to the maintenance of health, such as the use of clothing of suitable warmth, and a sufficiency of wholesome food. Persons who are attacked by Influenza should at once seek rest, warmth, and medical treatment, and they should bear in mind that the risk of relapse, with dangerous complications, constitutes a chief danger of the disease. R. Thorne Thorne. Local Government Board, Medical Department, March 6th, 1895. It will be perceived that the contents of the above memorandum are in accord with the precautions issued by this parish early in 1894, and now re-issued for the guidance of the public. Table XII. illustrates the epidemic or zymotic mortality for the past eleven years with the resulting death rates. The number of deaths from each class of disease is shewn. |
22f8d898-641f-4a04-95be-3462568e05c0 | The zymotic death rate for 1895 was 2.9 per thousand persons, being a fractional point above 1895, which was 2.8, but being much ower than the decennial zymotic rate. 38 TABLE XII. Comparative Table of Zymotic Mortality during the past 11 years. 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 Small-Pox 2 - - - - - Measles 112 70 82 87 104 159 37 90 90 151 99 Scarlet Fever 8 14 68 25 12 10 10 15 17 5 10 Diphtheria 10 9 23 22 21 27 35 28 90 67 60 Enteric, &c. Fevers 18 23 17 13 15 21 19 8 14 |
0d5f1a82-a3e8-473b-a5c9-eb8f6173646a | 13 15 Whooping Cough 121 104 112 119 81 146 104 100 115 77 52 Epidemic DiarrhΕa 126 152 175 75 112 121 104 99 120 93 151 Other Zymotic Diseases 35 26 25 22 21 59 89 133 118 62 104 Total Deaths from Zymotic Diseases 432 398 502 363 366 543 398 473 564 468 491 Zymotic Death Rate 3Β·4 3Β·0 3Β·7 2Β·6 2Β·5 3Β·6 2Β·6 3Β·0 3Β· 5 2Β·8 2Β·9 Death-rates from all Diseases 20Β·4 19Β·0 18Β· 2 15Β·7 15Β·6 19Β·3 17Β·2 17Β·2 17Β·4 14Β·6 |
ece6ae9d-b998-444b-bd52-2dd4fd57fbf4 | 17Β·1 Table XIII. This table gives the non-zymotic mortality for the last eleven years, and shews that the mortality from this source during 1895 was the highest during the period. This was undoubtedly due to the rigorous climate of the earlier months of the year when, as shewn in Table IV., the mortality was excessive. The high death rate from diseases of the respiratory and other organs, greatly due to the influenza epidemic, greatly increased, as in 1892 and 1893, the mortality) or a decrease of non-zymotic fatality would have been shewn. TABLE XIII. Comparative Table of all non-zymotic cases of Deaths during the past 11 years. |
fc43ced4-3a02-4450-b2b1-0020234203a7 | 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 Tubercular, including Phthisis 420 439 367 342 334 320 285 237 355 304 353 Of Brain, Nerves, &c. 282 289 280 223 212 261 195 259 213 211 334 Of the Heart, &c. 159 159 128 113 108 148 141 183 159 173 213 Of the Respiratory Organs,excluding Phthisis 630 584 528 474 391 618 572 635 653 471 623 Of Digestive Organs 88 96 86 113 100 118 122 112 127 197 114 Of Urinary Organs. |
baf60dc6-bd0f-4226-86b7-15bb287771f9 | 46 31 53 24 39 34 49 72 60 57 56 Of Organs of Generation 23 14 19 6 14 15 16 15 14 12 7 Of Joints, Bones, &c. 8 20 30 9 3 4 7 2 3 6 β Premature Birth, Low Vitality, Malformation, &c. 137 175 202 175 205 206 238 256 295 273 332 Of Urcertain Seat Cancer, Syphilis, Dropsy, &c. |
e01ac9ef-b10b-4ba8-a6b2-3ec6037d8e59 | 105 106 105 79 96 70 89 233 130 114 108 Age 76 99 88 57 52 71 74 122 103 118 128 Violence 61 63 63 56 60 77 60 81 102 70 102 Constitutional 4 5 β β β β 2 12 23 20 40 Total 2039 2080 1949 1671 1614 1942 1850 2219 2237 1936 2410 39 Inquests. During the year 1895, 267 cases came under the notice of the Coroner. Thirty-five of these were cases in which he decided that no further inquiry was necessary, and they are marked in the Registrar's Returns as "submitted to Coroner," which is considered sufficient to authorise registration." In the other 232 cases inquests were held with the following results, |
48ae1682-956a-4a07-9059-13228d05cccd | as given in the verdicts of the respective juries :β From Natural Causes 130 From Accidental Causes :β Suffocation 21 Burns 8 Run over 4 Drowning 6 Poisoning 1 Falls, &c. l7 On Railway 6 Knocked down by swing 1 Blow from Cricket Ball 1 β 65 From Homicidal Causes :β SuicideβHanging 1 Cut throat 4 Poisoning 6 Drowning 4 Suffocation 1 On Railway 1 β 17 MurderβSuffocation 5 Fractured Skull 1 HΕmorrhage from Umbilical Cord 1 β 7 Open Verdicts :β Found drowned 6 Suffocated 1 Found dead 1 Over distension of Stomach 1 Lead poisoning 1 Starvation 2 Poisoning 1 β 13 ββ 102 Total 232 40 Eighteen deaths were due to suffocation whilst in bed with parents, |
8f7461d9-e9d4-4fd4-8e28-493088962443 | the dates and days of the week being as follows :β loth January Thursday 9th August Friday. 14th Monday 22nd β Thursday. 18th β Friday. 29th September Sunday. 30th β Wednesday 5th October Saturday. 3rd February Sunday 21st β Monday 5th β Tuesday 29th β Tuesday, ittth β Monday 6th November Wednesday. 4th June Tuesday 28th β Thursday. 28th July Sunday 17th December Tuesday. Differently arranged:β NO. OF CASES. Sunday 3 Monday 3 Tuesday 4 Wednesday 2 Thursday 3 Friday 2 Saturday 1 Total 18 Social Position of Persons dying during 1895. Number. Per Cent. |
f30fb565-39a9-4ff9-b6d4-ab5d6ee79c5d | Nobility and Gentry 16 - 0Β·5 Professional Class - 30 1Β·0 Middle and Trading Classes 149 5Β·1 Industrial and Labouring Classes - 2,706 - 93Β·4 2,901 100Β·0 Water Supply for London. This most important subject, more especially with reference to the health and sanitary condition of the inhabitants of this vast metropolis, among whom of course are included the many thousands of persons who are inhabitants of Battersea, is now engaging the attention of Parliament. The water companies have bills in the House of Commons and the London County Council has introduced measures giving it control over the water supply. In my report for last year the subject was very fully discussed, and as the matter is one involving as it does the expenditure of 41 many millions of the public money as well as the health and lives of the community and in which every public man should take a strong personal interest, a condensed account of the present position of the question is here given. |
f0b7947c-322c-48dd-8b83-653b7074309e | This most important subject has been under consideration by a Royal Commission which sat during 1892 and 1893. The Chairman was Lord Balfour of Burleigh; Sir Archibald Geikie, Professor Dewar, Dr. Ogle, Mr. Mansergh, Mr. Hill, and Sir George Bruce constituted the Committee, all men of eminence and selected for their intimate knowledge of the subject. No Commissioner was in any way connected with either of the London Water Companies, and Mr. Mansergh is the Engineer who is now bringing water to Birmingham from Wales, while Mr. Hill is supplying Manchester from Thirlmere. The witnesses examined include nearly one hundred of the leading sanitarians and engineers, together with representatives of the great public bodies of the Metropolis and elsewhere, the Local Government Board, the London County Council, the Corporation of London, and the various Water Companies and others having interests in the Water Supply of the Metropolis. |
76931e2b-475a-42c5-b40e-b55d985d5f52 | Briefly reviewing the inquiry, the main question referred to and considered by the Commission was whether the water of the Thames and Lea Valleys was good, and whether enough of it could be obtained for the London of the future without injury to the interests of other districts in those watersheds. They find, as the Companies always maintained, that "the water as supplied to the consumer in London is of a very high standard of excellence and of purity, and that it is suitable in quality for all household purposes," and also that the Thames and Lea Valleys may, without prejudice to the claims or material injury to the interests of districts outside the area of Greater London, be made to supply more than double the present population of the Metropolis with 35 gallons per head daily. 42 The Commissioners recommend that the inspection of the River Thames should be more thoroughly done than it is at present, and that increased provision should be made, in the form of reservoirs for avoiding the taking in of water while the river is in a state of flood. |
edf270ae-918c-44a9-bceb-88dc1369af72 | Of all the sites that have been suggested to them as suitable for reservoirs they consider none in the Thames Valley so reliable as can be found upon the London clay, only a short distance above the Hampton intakes. From the Thames, when required, may be taken 300,000,000 gallons a day; from the Lea, 52,500,000 gallons; from wells in the Lea Valley, 40,000,000 gallons; and from wells in the Kent Company's district, 27,500,000 gallons; besides a further considerable quantity, should it ever be wanted, from the Valley of the Medway and the country to the east of it. The Commission, as might be expected, deal with the question broadly, without committing themselves to details. It would be going beyond the duty of useful criticism to discuss some of the interesting scientific, though minor, points upon which the Commissioners adopted views adverse to those of some of the distinguished witnesses who appeared before them. |
5c8b5c33-f8ee-4072-89a9-0020d0eec432 | There are, however, in the enquiry two points which rather hang upon one another, and about which we wish the Commission had told us a little more. These are :β (1) The effect which might be expected upon the Thames of taking double the present quantity of the water from the river during periods of drought. (2) The amount of storage space to be provided above the intakes in order to make the taking of any more of this water unnecessary. * The conclusion of the Commission is most distinct that there is ample supply of water derivable from the Rivers Thames and Lea, from wells in the chalk in the Lea Valley, and also in the district of the Kent Water Works Company, 43 which will be sufficient to meet the requirements of London for fifty years to come. As to the purity of these supplies, the chemical and bacteriological evidence of Dr. Frankland, Dr. Odling, Professor Crookes, Professor Ray Lankester, Dr. |
04d75e4a-4d77-4690-8518-3f5dce9f8425 | P. F. Frankland and others, is most satisfactory; and no evidence submitted as to impurity could stand the test of the investigations and inquiries of the Commissioners. In their report, however, they very properly advise that further efforts shall be made to keep pollution of all kinds out of the Rivers, and maintain their purity in every possible way. The report of the Commissioners, given below sums up the evidence and gives a general outline of the whole enquiry and is followed by the conclusions at which they finally arrived and their consequent recommendations. |
2a567525-ef47-42c9-876d-2ceb4a589e1c | The Commission, which was appointed in January, 1892, constituted for the purpose of ascertaining" whether, taking into consideration the growth of the population of the Metropolis and the districts within the limits of the Metropolitan Water Companies, and also the needs of the localities not supplied by any Metropolitan Company but within the watersheds of the Thames and the Lea, the present sources of supply of these Companies are adequate in quantity and quality, and, if inadequate, whether such supply as may be required can be obtained within the watersheds referred to, having due regard to the claims of the districts outside the Metropolis but within those watersheds, or will have to be obtained outside the watersheds of the Thames and the Lea." |
959ab573-6aa5-4002-a0ae-ade271be1d39 | For the purpose of acquiring the information necessary to enable them to form a judgment upon the questions submitted, the Commissioners placed themselves in communication with the Metropolitan Water Companies, the Corporation of the City of London, the London County Council, and the Councils of the Counties of Bedford, Berks, Buckingham, Essex, Gloucester, Hants, Hertford, Kent, Middlesex, Oxford, Surrey, and Wilts. They also invited the Boards of Conservators of the Thames and Lea, 44 and all the Urban and Rural Sanitary Authorities whose districts are wholly or partially situated within the watersheds of those Rivers, and all the Water Companies and Public Authorities who have waterworks in the same area to give them any information bearing on the subject which they might be in a position to afford. The Commissioners sat on 45 days, 32 of which were occupied in hearing oral evidence. |
1ad994ae-f64b-4ad4-b316-b7ed5d1368d8 | There were 92 witnesses examined, most of whom were put forward by the Metropolitan Water Companies or the County Councils of London and the counties of Hertford, Middlesex, Surrey, Essex, and Buckingham, and by other public bodies in London and the neighbourhood. Some of the evidence produced was of such a character that it was found necessary to employ an Assistant Commissioner to visit the localities under enquiry, and to ascertain upon the spot the precise facts. For this purpose, with the sanction of the Treasury, Mr. R. E. Middleton, M. Inst. C.E., was appointed. The areas affected by the enquiry may be defined as extending over "Greater London" as that name is used in the General Register Office, where it is applied to the area included within the Metropolitan and City Police districts. |
559a2fcb-67ea-4a09-ade6-bb81e697ff3f | Such area includes all parishes wholly comprised within a circle of 15 miles radius from Charing Cross, and all other parishes of which any part is included within a circle of 12 miles radius from the same centre. Greater London thus not only includes the whole of the Administrative County of London, but extends widely beyond it, and contains in all an area of 701 square miles. In the evidence given before the Commission the area within Greater London and outside the County of London was called the "Outer Ring," and it is within this area that at present the most rapid increase of population appears to be taking place. The areas supplied form together a district which is usually spoken of as "Water London," comprising about 622 square miles. |
bea4115d-eb10-4174-af44-ce6170af2f07 | The areas are not co-extensive with any districts of which the populations are given by the Registrar-General in the census returns, and no exact statement 45 of the population being obtainable from official returns the Companies found it necessary to rely upon estimates compiled from such other sources of information as they had at their command. According to the returns made by the Companies themselves the total population supplied by them in 1891 was estimated at 5,469,791; but it would seem, however, that 5,237,062 persons must be accepted as the closest approximation that could, under the circumstances, be made. In turning to the future requirements of this ever-increasing population, the first question that presented itself for discussion was what area ought to be taken into account; and it soon became apparent that neither Registration London nor the London of the County Council, nor even Water London, was sufficiently extensive for the purpose. |
e2fe4fd4-2fb2-418a-b0cd-aa96bfc931ed | Not only should suburban districts be included in the area to be reported upon by the Commission, but such more remote districts must be considered as might reasonably be expected to be reached by the spreading of the population of London at no very distant time. After due consideration, the Commissioners determined to take as their basis that area known as Greater London, and to add to it certain parts of Water London which lie outside Greater London as now computed. The report states that the increase in population of this area, as shewn by the census returns for the last 50 years, has been far from equable. Taking, however, the average annual increase per cent, in the whole period as a basis, they think it may safely be computed that the population of Greater London will continue to increase at the rate of 18*2 per cent, decennially, or in the ratio of 1-82 per cent, annually. |
eb6f32bc-76f7-4d64-afc2-5b6d20eea454 | The report sets out at length a table showing the yearly and monthly daily average both of water returned to the Official Water Examiner under the Metropolis Water Act, 1871, as supplied by the Companies in the year 1891. From this and similar calculations made from other returns, it appears that the quantity of water consumed per head of the population differs widely in the districts of the several Companies. 46 Taking the population estimated by them as being actually supplied, the quantities consumed per head per day range from 26Β·71 gallons in the case of the West Middlesex Company to 47Β·72 gallons in that of the Grand Junction Company; the average over the whole of the population being 31Β·19 gallons per head per day. The report next gives the present sources from which the water supplied by the Companies are derived. These are of four kinds, viz. |
17f4c617-54be-42fa-952c-cb3191cf3ee3 | :β(1) the Rivers Thames and Lea; (2) gravel beds adjoining the main stream of the Thames and other gravel beds at Hanworth; (3) natural springs; and (4 wells sunk into the chalk or other strata at such points in the watersheds as may have been selected. The Commissioners discuss these in the order named. All the Companies, except the Kent Company, are dependent for some part of their supply upon water derived either from the Thames or the Lea. Turning to the question of the "necessities of the future," the Commissioners set out in the report the views of the several Companies who adopted the same term, viz., 40 years, as the period for which it is desirable to look forward. The following table gives the figures laid before the Commission by each Company as to the estimated population and requirements of their district in 1931 :β Name of Company. Estimated Population in 1931 Estimated Daily Supply per head in 1931. Supply required per day. |
3f5430e3-815d-4702-bffd-b1f5289d2834 | Supply available per day. New River 1,658,000 28Β· 5 47,250,000 *56,500,000 East London 1,697,000 33Β· 0 56,000,000 66,000,000 Chelsea 375,000 350 13,125,000 22,000,000 West Middlesex 959Β·187 28Β· 0 26,857,236 24,500,000 Grand Junction 584,969 42Β· 0 24,500,000 24,500,000 Lambeth 1,136,441 25Β·0 28,411,025 30,500,000 Southwark & Vauxhall 1,215,457 25Β·0 30.386,425 41,000,000 Kent 900,000 30Β·0 27,000,000 29,000,000 Total 8,526,054 2973 253,529,686 294, |
53ef6c59-a189-496b-8ce2-94f132aaef39 | 000,000 * Deducting 330,000 gallons of unfiltered water from Hampstead Ponds. 47 The suggestions made by the Companies for extending their works, and so augmenting the volume of distributable water, may be stated as follows :β (I) The abstraction of more water from the Thames without providing storage. (2) The abstraction of more water from the Thames and Lea with provision for storage. (3) The abstraction of water from gravel beds adjoining the Thames. (4) The abstraction of more water from deep wells in the chalk formation. The report next proceeds to deal with the several suggestions which were laid before the Commissioners as to the construction of large storage reservoirs. Of the schemes submitted that of Messrs. Hunter and Fraser was considered the best. It was brought forward by Mr. W. Hunter, M. Inst., C.E., a Director, and Mr. Alexander Frazer, M. Inst., C.E., the Engineer of the Grand Junction Company. |
a89e163f-6186-496f-a440-ca687c82f0cd | It consists in the construction of nine reservoirs upon land in the neighbourhood of Staines, at a spot only a few miles from the existing works of the Company. The storage capacity was to be obtained by excavating below the surface in almost flat ground, and forming the material removed into banks so as to increase the depth. By this combined process of sinking and raising a depth of 40 feet would be obtained; the digging being entirely in gravel, which overlies the clay to a depth of from 20 to 30 feet. The advantage rightfully claimed for this scheme was that it could be carried out by instalments, as might be from time to time required. |
aa036cfa-2ca2-4541-892f-6d50c07905c8 | After setting out the evidence given as to the estimated supply of water that would be procured from gravel beds and deep wells, the report summarizes the total capacity of the supply as returned by the representatives of the Companies as follows:β From the Thames, with additional storage 300,000,000 gallons per day; from the Lea, with the East London Company's projected storage 52,500,000 gallons, 48 from chalk springs and wells 87,000,000 gallons; total, 439,500,000 gallons, or (say) 440 million gallons per day. The report next deals with the objections which have been raised to the proposals of the Companies in regard to increasing the draught upon the Thames, the Lea and the chalk formation for the purpose of meeting further demands; and the conclusions arrived at by the Commission are stated as follows : "From the River Thames. |
7bfe55d9-25c0-4bde-be24-77acb8a873a6 | "βIn estimating the quantity of water which may be obtained from the Thames, we have given full consideration to the topographical, meteorological, geological, statistical, and engineering evidence which has been laid before us by the representatives of all the parties, although we shall now quote figures only from a few of the proofs. The area within the Thames watershed down to Kingston was assumed by the Duke of Richmond's Commission (on evidence then received) to be 3,676 square miles; and this figure has been adopted by Mr. Hawksley, Mr. Baldwin Latham and others in the present enquiry as to the area down to Teddington Weir. Both Mr. More and Mr. Binnie have made new and independent admeasurements, and compute this area respectively at 3,766 and 3,789 square miles; and Mr. More (being Engineer of the Thames Conservancy) may be assumed to possess the fullest acquaintance with the watershed, we propose to adopt his figures. From Mr. |
f92808fe-37c1-4a45-a5da-43ca6e8ea29b | Topley we accept 3,548 square miles as being approximately the area above the intakes of the Water Companies. Mr. More has put in gaugings of the discharge of the Thames at Teddington for the years 1883 to 1891 with an added column showing the rainfalls. "In the third column of the table the average yearly discharge of the nine years at Teddington is given as 435,931,000,000 gallons. But this quantity is subject to some correction, for we found on investigating the details of the gauging arrangements at Teddington that it was desirable to check the results by simultaneous measurements at Molesey and 49 Sunbury Weirs, and having entrusted this work to Mr. Middleton and considered his report we accept his opinion that Mr. More's quantities should be increased by 7 per cent. |
9b469e9b-a6ae-47ec-af0d-25ea9fb83c15 | To the 435,931,000,000 gallons we therefore add 40,515,170,000 gallons, making 466,446,170,000 gallons. To this again must be added the average quantity taken by the Companies, viz., 30,896,000,000 gallons, giving a grand total of 497,342,170,000 gallons. Divided by 365 this gives a daily average of 1,362,581,288 gallons. Year. Total Quantity of Water abstracted by the Water Companies. Volume of Discharge at Teddington Weir as, guaged by the ThamesConservancy Total flow of River Thames (Col. 2 + Col. 3.) Ave. age Annual rainfall on Thames Basin above intakes of the Water Companies. Gallons.Gallons.Gallons.Inches. 1883 26,197,000,000 659,657,000,000 685,584,000, |
679ff1c3-f74f-42d2-9b8d-f2d8a3e5d780 | 000 2841 1884 29,946,000,000 330,648,000,000 360,594,000,000 2290 1885 29,654,000,000 339,130,000,000 428,784,000,000 29Β· 15 1886 30,350,000,000 544,786,000,000 575,136,000,000 31Β· 07 1887 32,154,000,000 390,296,000,000 422,450,000,000 21Β·32 1888 30,280,000,000 427,656,000,000 457,936,000,000 28Β·45 1889 31,419,000,000 437,059,000,000 468,478,000,000 25Β·64 1890 32,876,000,000 261,916,000,000 294,792, |
d652ccf5-21a9-4a8b-bd01-eec082c3352c | 000,000 22Β·81 189l 35,185,000,000 472,228,000,000 507,413,000,000 33Β·3I Total 278,061,000,000 3,923,376,000,000 4,201,437,000,000 243Β· 06 Average) ot the 30,896,000,000 435,931,000,000 466,827,000,000 27Β· 01 9 vears. "During the nine years in question the rainfall averaged only 27Β·01 inches as compared with 28Β·50 inches which Mr. Symons gives as the mean fall of a long term upon the watershed. We therefore increase the daily volume to 1,437,747,750 gallons, raising it in the ratio of 27Β·01 to 28Β·50 inches. |
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