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5709a976ed30961900e843dd
Computer_security
In 1988, only 60,000 computers were connected to the Internet, and most were mainframes, minicomputers and professional workstations. On November 2, 1988, many started to slow down, because they were running a malicious code that demanded processor time and that spread itself to other computers – the first internet "co...
What is a malicious code that demands processor time and spreads itself to other computers?
{ "answer_start": [ 318 ], "text": [ "computer worm" ] }
5709a976ed30961900e843de
Computer_security
In 1988, only 60,000 computers were connected to the Internet, and most were mainframes, minicomputers and professional workstations. On November 2, 1988, many started to slow down, because they were running a malicious code that demanded processor time and that spread itself to other computers – the first internet "co...
Why did Morris Jr make the computer worm?
{ "answer_start": [ 450 ], "text": [ "he wanted to count how many machines were connected to the Internet" ] }
5709aa1f200fba1400368235
Computer_security
In 2013 and 2014, a Russian/Ukrainian hacking ring known as "Rescator" broke into Target Corporation computers in 2013, stealing roughly 40 million credit cards, and then Home Depot computers in 2014, stealing between 53 and 56 million credit card numbers. Warnings were delivered at both corporations, but ignored; phys...
Who are Rescator?
{ "answer_start": [ 18 ], "text": [ "a Russian/Ukrainian hacking ring" ] }
5709aa1f200fba1400368236
Computer_security
In 2013 and 2014, a Russian/Ukrainian hacking ring known as "Rescator" broke into Target Corporation computers in 2013, stealing roughly 40 million credit cards, and then Home Depot computers in 2014, stealing between 53 and 56 million credit card numbers. Warnings were delivered at both corporations, but ignored; phys...
What was stolen from Target Corporation computers in 2013?
{ "answer_start": [ 137 ], "text": [ "40 million credit cards" ] }
5709aa1f200fba1400368237
Computer_security
In 2013 and 2014, a Russian/Ukrainian hacking ring known as "Rescator" broke into Target Corporation computers in 2013, stealing roughly 40 million credit cards, and then Home Depot computers in 2014, stealing between 53 and 56 million credit card numbers. Warnings were delivered at both corporations, but ignored; phys...
How many credit card numbers were stole from Home Depot in 2014?
{ "answer_start": [ 210 ], "text": [ "between 53 and 56 million" ] }
5709aa1f200fba1400368238
Computer_security
In 2013 and 2014, a Russian/Ukrainian hacking ring known as "Rescator" broke into Target Corporation computers in 2013, stealing roughly 40 million credit cards, and then Home Depot computers in 2014, stealing between 53 and 56 million credit card numbers. Warnings were delivered at both corporations, but ignored; phys...
What machines were involved in the physical security breaches that played a large role in the incident?
{ "answer_start": [ 349 ], "text": [ "self checkout machines" ] }
5709aa1f200fba1400368239
Computer_security
In 2013 and 2014, a Russian/Ukrainian hacking ring known as "Rescator" broke into Target Corporation computers in 2013, stealing roughly 40 million credit cards, and then Home Depot computers in 2014, stealing between 53 and 56 million credit card numbers. Warnings were delivered at both corporations, but ignored; phys...
Who is Jim Walter?
{ "answer_start": [ 503 ], "text": [ "director of threat intelligence operations at security technology company McAfee" ] }
5709aacc200fba140036823f
Computer_security
Berlin starts National Cyber Defense Initiative: On June 16, 2011, the German Minister for Home Affairs, officially opened the new German NCAZ (National Center for Cyber Defense) Nationales Cyber-Abwehrzentrum located in Bonn. The NCAZ closely cooperates with BSI (Federal Office for Information Security) Bundesamt für ...
What does NCAZ stand for?
{ "answer_start": [ 179 ], "text": [ "Nationales Cyber-Abwehrzentrum" ] }
5709aacc200fba1400368240
Computer_security
Berlin starts National Cyber Defense Initiative: On June 16, 2011, the German Minister for Home Affairs, officially opened the new German NCAZ (National Center for Cyber Defense) Nationales Cyber-Abwehrzentrum located in Bonn. The NCAZ closely cooperates with BSI (Federal Office for Information Security) Bundesamt für ...
What does NCAZ take care of?
{ "answer_start": [ 622 ], "text": [ "national security aspects" ] }
5709aacc200fba1400368241
Computer_security
Berlin starts National Cyber Defense Initiative: On June 16, 2011, the German Minister for Home Affairs, officially opened the new German NCAZ (National Center for Cyber Defense) Nationales Cyber-Abwehrzentrum located in Bonn. The NCAZ closely cooperates with BSI (Federal Office for Information Security) Bundesamt für ...
When was NCAZ opened?
{ "answer_start": [ 52 ], "text": [ "June 16, 2011" ] }
5709aacc200fba1400368242
Computer_security
Berlin starts National Cyber Defense Initiative: On June 16, 2011, the German Minister for Home Affairs, officially opened the new German NCAZ (National Center for Cyber Defense) Nationales Cyber-Abwehrzentrum located in Bonn. The NCAZ closely cooperates with BSI (Federal Office for Information Security) Bundesamt für ...
Whan was NCAZ founded?
{ "answer_start": [ 727 ], "text": [ "February 23, 2011" ] }
5709aacc200fba1400368243
Computer_security
Berlin starts National Cyber Defense Initiative: On June 16, 2011, the German Minister for Home Affairs, officially opened the new German NCAZ (National Center for Cyber Defense) Nationales Cyber-Abwehrzentrum located in Bonn. The NCAZ closely cooperates with BSI (Federal Office for Information Security) Bundesamt für ...
What is the purpose of NCAZ?
{ "answer_start": [ 749 ], "text": [ "to detect and prevent attacks against the national infrastructure" ] }
57097eaced30961900e84218
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is the approach to religious Judaism which subscribes to a tradition of mass revelation and adheres to the interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts by the Tanaim and Amoraim. These texts were subsequently developed and applied by later autho...
What is the approach to Judiasm that subscribes to a tradition of mass revelation?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Orthodox" ] }
57097eaced30961900e84219
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is the approach to religious Judaism which subscribes to a tradition of mass revelation and adheres to the interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts by the Tanaim and Amoraim. These texts were subsequently developed and applied by later autho...
What is the name of the book that has the laws and ethics for Orthodox Judaism?
{ "answer_start": [ 185 ], "text": [ "Torah" ] }
57097eaced30961900e8421a
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is the approach to religious Judaism which subscribes to a tradition of mass revelation and adheres to the interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts by the Tanaim and Amoraim. These texts were subsequently developed and applied by later autho...
what texts were legislated by the Tanarim and Amoraim?
{ "answer_start": [ 212 ], "text": [ "Talmudic" ] }
57097eaced30961900e8421b
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is the approach to religious Judaism which subscribes to a tradition of mass revelation and adheres to the interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts by the Tanaim and Amoraim. These texts were subsequently developed and applied by later autho...
What besides Modern Orthodox Judaism does Orthodox Judaism consist of?
{ "answer_start": [ 478 ], "text": [ "Haredi Judaism" ] }
57097eaced30961900e8421c
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is the approach to religious Judaism which subscribes to a tradition of mass revelation and adheres to the interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts by the Tanaim and Amoraim. These texts were subsequently developed and applied by later autho...
Orthodox Judaism is a self-identification that distinguishes it from what?
{ "answer_start": [ 777 ], "text": [ "pre-modern Judaism" ] }
57097f32ed30961900e84222
Orthodox_Judaism
According to the New Jersey Press Association, several media entities refrain from using the term "ultra-Orthodox", including the Religion Newswriters Association; JTA, the global Jewish news service; and the Star-Ledger, New Jersey’s largest daily newspaper. The Star-Ledger was the first mainstream newspaper to drop t...
What is the global Jewish news service known as?
{ "answer_start": [ 164 ], "text": [ "JTA" ] }
57097f32ed30961900e84224
Orthodox_Judaism
According to the New Jersey Press Association, several media entities refrain from using the term "ultra-Orthodox", including the Religion Newswriters Association; JTA, the global Jewish news service; and the Star-Ledger, New Jersey’s largest daily newspaper. The Star-Ledger was the first mainstream newspaper to drop t...
What term do media entities refrain from using?
{ "answer_start": [ 98 ], "text": [ "\"ultra-Orthodox" ] }
57097f32ed30961900e84223
Orthodox_Judaism
According to the New Jersey Press Association, several media entities refrain from using the term "ultra-Orthodox", including the Religion Newswriters Association; JTA, the global Jewish news service; and the Star-Ledger, New Jersey’s largest daily newspaper. The Star-Ledger was the first mainstream newspaper to drop t...
What is New Jersey's largest daily paper?
{ "answer_start": [ 205 ], "text": [ "the Star-Ledger" ] }
57097f32ed30961900e84225
Orthodox_Judaism
According to the New Jersey Press Association, several media entities refrain from using the term "ultra-Orthodox", including the Religion Newswriters Association; JTA, the global Jewish news service; and the Star-Ledger, New Jersey’s largest daily newspaper. The Star-Ledger was the first mainstream newspaper to drop t...
Who is the spiritual leader of Temple Israel Community Center?
{ "answer_start": [ 474 ], "text": [ "Rabbi Shammai Engelmayer" ] }
57097f32ed30961900e84226
Orthodox_Judaism
According to the New Jersey Press Association, several media entities refrain from using the term "ultra-Orthodox", including the Religion Newswriters Association; JTA, the global Jewish news service; and the Star-Ledger, New Jersey’s largest daily newspaper. The Star-Ledger was the first mainstream newspaper to drop t...
Where is the Temple Israel Community Center located?
{ "answer_start": [ 554 ], "text": [ "Cliffside Park" ] }
5709806e200fba14003680a5
Orthodox_Judaism
Modern Orthodoxy comprises a fairly broad spectrum of movements, each drawing on several distinct though related philosophies, which in some combination have provided the basis for all variations of the movement today. In general, Modern Orthodoxy holds that Jewish law is normative and binding, while simultaneously att...
What is the name of the movement that comporises a fairly broad spectrum of distinct but related philosophies?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Modern Orthodoxy" ] }
5709806e200fba14003680a7
Orthodox_Judaism
Modern Orthodoxy comprises a fairly broad spectrum of movements, each drawing on several distinct though related philosophies, which in some combination have provided the basis for all variations of the movement today. In general, Modern Orthodoxy holds that Jewish law is normative and binding, while simultaneously att...
Who does Modern Orthodoxy assign a central role to?
{ "answer_start": [ 847 ], "text": [ "People of Israel" ] }
5709806e200fba14003680a6
Orthodox_Judaism
Modern Orthodoxy comprises a fairly broad spectrum of movements, each drawing on several distinct though related philosophies, which in some combination have provided the basis for all variations of the movement today. In general, Modern Orthodoxy holds that Jewish law is normative and binding, while simultaneously att...
What integrity is orthodox judaism trying to preserve?
{ "answer_start": [ 675 ], "text": [ "halakha" ] }
5709806e200fba14003680a8
Orthodox_Judaism
Modern Orthodoxy comprises a fairly broad spectrum of movements, each drawing on several distinct though related philosophies, which in some combination have provided the basis for all variations of the movement today. In general, Modern Orthodoxy holds that Jewish law is normative and binding, while simultaneously att...
What kind of work does orthodox Judiasm seek to transform the world with?
{ "answer_start": [ 559 ], "text": [ "Divine work" ] }
5709806e200fba14003680a9
Orthodox_Judaism
Modern Orthodoxy comprises a fairly broad spectrum of movements, each drawing on several distinct though related philosophies, which in some combination have provided the basis for all variations of the movement today. In general, Modern Orthodoxy holds that Jewish law is normative and binding, while simultaneously att...
What is modern cutlture in conflict with?
{ "answer_start": [ 742 ], "text": [ "Torah" ] }
570980f2200fba14003680c1
Orthodox_Judaism
Externally, Orthodox Jews can be identified by their manner of dress and family lifestyle. Orthodox women dress modestly by keeping most of their skin covered. Additionally, married women cover their hair, most commonly in the form of a scarf, also in the form of hats, bandanas, berets, snoods or, sometimes, wigs. Orth...
How do orthodox women dress mosly?
{ "answer_start": [ 151 ], "text": [ "covered" ] }
570980f2200fba14003680c2
Orthodox_Judaism
Externally, Orthodox Jews can be identified by their manner of dress and family lifestyle. Orthodox women dress modestly by keeping most of their skin covered. Additionally, married women cover their hair, most commonly in the form of a scarf, also in the form of hats, bandanas, berets, snoods or, sometimes, wigs. Orth...
what part of their body do married women cover with a scarf?
{ "answer_start": [ 200 ], "text": [ "hair" ] }
570980f2200fba14003680c3
Orthodox_Judaism
Externally, Orthodox Jews can be identified by their manner of dress and family lifestyle. Orthodox women dress modestly by keeping most of their skin covered. Additionally, married women cover their hair, most commonly in the form of a scarf, also in the form of hats, bandanas, berets, snoods or, sometimes, wigs. Orth...
What is the Skullcap that orthodox men wear known as?
{ "answer_start": [ 356 ], "text": [ "kipa" ] }
570980f2200fba14003680c4
Orthodox_Judaism
Externally, Orthodox Jews can be identified by their manner of dress and family lifestyle. Orthodox women dress modestly by keeping most of their skin covered. Additionally, married women cover their hair, most commonly in the form of a scarf, also in the form of hats, bandanas, berets, snoods or, sometimes, wigs. Orth...
What are the fringes Orthodox men wear called?
{ "answer_start": [ 387 ], "text": [ "tzitzit" ] }
570980f2200fba14003680c5
Orthodox_Judaism
Externally, Orthodox Jews can be identified by their manner of dress and family lifestyle. Orthodox women dress modestly by keeping most of their skin covered. Additionally, married women cover their hair, most commonly in the form of a scarf, also in the form of hats, bandanas, berets, snoods or, sometimes, wigs. Orth...
What type of orthox men often grow beards and always wear black?
{ "answer_start": [ 397 ], "text": [ "Haredi" ] }
570981cd200fba14003680d5
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism holds that the words of the Torah, including both the Written Law (Pentateuch) and those parts of the Oral Law which are "halacha leMoshe m'Sinai", were dictated by God to Moses essentially as they exist today. The laws contained in the Written Torah were given along with detailed explanations as how t...
What is the written law of the Torah known as?
{ "answer_start": [ 84 ], "text": [ "Pentateuch" ] }
570981cd200fba14003680d6
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism holds that the words of the Torah, including both the Written Law (Pentateuch) and those parts of the Oral Law which are "halacha leMoshe m'Sinai", were dictated by God to Moses essentially as they exist today. The laws contained in the Written Torah were given along with detailed explanations as how t...
Who dictated the oral law to Moses?
{ "answer_start": [ 182 ], "text": [ "God" ] }
570981cd200fba14003680d7
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism holds that the words of the Torah, including both the Written Law (Pentateuch) and those parts of the Oral Law which are "halacha leMoshe m'Sinai", were dictated by God to Moses essentially as they exist today. The laws contained in the Written Torah were given along with detailed explanations as how t...
What are the detailed explanations of how to apply and interpret the laws of the written Torah called?
{ "answer_start": [ 352 ], "text": [ "Oral Law" ] }
570981cd200fba14003680d8
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism holds that the words of the Torah, including both the Written Law (Pentateuch) and those parts of the Oral Law which are "halacha leMoshe m'Sinai", were dictated by God to Moses essentially as they exist today. The laws contained in the Written Torah were given along with detailed explanations as how t...
What is the law that is considered the core of religious laws Orthodox Jews know today?
{ "answer_start": [ 563 ], "text": [ "Sinaitic law" ] }
570981cd200fba14003680d9
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism holds that the words of the Torah, including both the Written Law (Pentateuch) and those parts of the Oral Law which are "halacha leMoshe m'Sinai", were dictated by God to Moses essentially as they exist today. The laws contained in the Written Torah were given along with detailed explanations as how t...
What is the origin of Jewish Law?
{ "answer_start": [ 859 ], "text": [ "Divine" ] }
57098329200fba14003680e9
Orthodox_Judaism
In reaction to the emergence of Reform Judaism, a group of traditionalist German Jews emerged in support of some of the values of the Haskalah, but also wanted to defend the classic, traditional interpretation of Jewish law and tradition. This group was led by those who opposed the establishment of a new temple in Hamb...
Where was Rabbi Azriel Hildesheimer from?
{ "answer_start": [ 833 ], "text": [ "Berlin" ] }
57098329200fba14003680ea
Orthodox_Judaism
In reaction to the emergence of Reform Judaism, a group of traditionalist German Jews emerged in support of some of the values of the Haskalah, but also wanted to defend the classic, traditional interpretation of Jewish law and tradition. This group was led by those who opposed the establishment of a new temple in Hamb...
what was the name of the Rabbi of Altona?
{ "answer_start": [ 436 ], "text": [ "Jacob Ettlinger" ] }
57098329200fba14003680eb
Orthodox_Judaism
In reaction to the emergence of Reform Judaism, a group of traditionalist German Jews emerged in support of some of the values of the Haskalah, but also wanted to defend the classic, traditional interpretation of Jewish law and tradition. This group was led by those who opposed the establishment of a new temple in Hamb...
What was the name of the manifesto that Rabbi Jacob Ettlinger produced?
{ "answer_start": [ 494 ], "text": [ "Shlomei Emunei Yisrael" ] }
57098329200fba14003680ec
Orthodox_Judaism
In reaction to the emergence of Reform Judaism, a group of traditionalist German Jews emerged in support of some of the values of the Haskalah, but also wanted to defend the classic, traditional interpretation of Jewish law and tradition. This group was led by those who opposed the establishment of a new temple in Hamb...
How many rabbi's signed on with the manifesto Jacob Ettlinger published?
{ "answer_start": [ 547 ], "text": [ "177" ] }
57098329200fba14003680ed
Orthodox_Judaism
In reaction to the emergence of Reform Judaism, a group of traditionalist German Jews emerged in support of some of the values of the Haskalah, but also wanted to defend the classic, traditional interpretation of Jewish law and tradition. This group was led by those who opposed the establishment of a new temple in Hamb...
Where was Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch from?
{ "answer_start": [ 833 ], "text": [ "Berlin" ] }
5709840c200fba14003680fd
Orthodox_Judaism
Jewish historians also note that certain customs of today's Orthodox are not continuations of past practice, but instead represent innovations that would have been unknown to prior generations. For example, the now-widespread haredi tradition of cutting a boy's hair for the first time on his third birthday (upshirin or...
When is a newborn boy's hair first cut?
{ "answer_start": [ 293 ], "text": [ "third birthday" ] }
5709840c200fba14003680fe
Orthodox_Judaism
Jewish historians also note that certain customs of today's Orthodox are not continuations of past practice, but instead represent innovations that would have been unknown to prior generations. For example, the now-widespread haredi tradition of cutting a boy's hair for the first time on his third birthday (upshirin or...
What is done with the newborn boy's hair once it is cut?
{ "answer_start": [ 427 ], "text": [ "burned" ] }
5709840c200fba14003680ff
Orthodox_Judaism
Jewish historians also note that certain customs of today's Orthodox are not continuations of past practice, but instead represent innovations that would have been unknown to prior generations. For example, the now-widespread haredi tradition of cutting a boy's hair for the first time on his third birthday (upshirin or...
What are grains and legumes known as?
{ "answer_start": [ 604 ], "text": [ "kitniyot" ] }
5709840c200fba1400368100
Orthodox_Judaism
Jewish historians also note that certain customs of today's Orthodox are not continuations of past practice, but instead represent innovations that would have been unknown to prior generations. For example, the now-widespread haredi tradition of cutting a boy's hair for the first time on his third birthday (upshirin or...
What is the name of the prohibition against eating grains and legumes during Passover?
{ "answer_start": [ 567 ], "text": [ "Ashkenazi" ] }
5709840c200fba1400368101
Orthodox_Judaism
Jewish historians also note that certain customs of today's Orthodox are not continuations of past practice, but instead represent innovations that would have been unknown to prior generations. For example, the now-widespread haredi tradition of cutting a boy's hair for the first time on his third birthday (upshirin or...
What text rejects the Ashkenazi prohibition against kitniyot?
{ "answer_start": [ 720 ], "text": [ "Talmud" ] }
57098503200fba140036811b
Orthodox_Judaism
Haredi Judaism advocates segregation from non-Jewish culture, although not from non-Jewish society entirely. It is characterised by its focus on community-wide Torah study. Haredi Orthodoxy's differences with Modern Orthodoxy usually lie in interpretation of the nature of traditional halakhic concepts and in acceptable...
What type of Judaism advocated segregation from non-Jewish culture?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Haredi Judaism" ] }
57098503200fba140036811c
Orthodox_Judaism
Haredi Judaism advocates segregation from non-Jewish culture, although not from non-Jewish society entirely. It is characterised by its focus on community-wide Torah study. Haredi Orthodoxy's differences with Modern Orthodoxy usually lie in interpretation of the nature of traditional halakhic concepts and in acceptable...
What should individuals participate as little as possible in?
{ "answer_start": [ 478 ], "text": [ "modern society" ] }
57098503200fba140036811d
Orthodox_Judaism
Haredi Judaism advocates segregation from non-Jewish culture, although not from non-Jewish society entirely. It is characterised by its focus on community-wide Torah study. Haredi Orthodoxy's differences with Modern Orthodoxy usually lie in interpretation of the nature of traditional halakhic concepts and in acceptable...
Attending secular institution of higher education is viewed as necessary but inferior in what society?
{ "answer_start": [ 646 ], "text": [ "Haredi" ] }
57098503200fba140036811e
Orthodox_Judaism
Haredi Judaism advocates segregation from non-Jewish culture, although not from non-Jewish society entirely. It is characterised by its focus on community-wide Torah study. Haredi Orthodoxy's differences with Modern Orthodoxy usually lie in interpretation of the nature of traditional halakhic concepts and in acceptable...
What do a significant portion of boys remain in until marriage?
{ "answer_start": [ 1045 ], "text": [ "yeshiva" ] }
57098503200fba140036811f
Orthodox_Judaism
Haredi Judaism advocates segregation from non-Jewish culture, although not from non-Jewish society entirely. It is characterised by its focus on community-wide Torah study. Haredi Orthodoxy's differences with Modern Orthodoxy usually lie in interpretation of the nature of traditional halakhic concepts and in acceptable...
What is a Torah study institute for married men called?
{ "answer_start": [ 1156 ], "text": [ "kollel" ] }
570985f3ed30961900e84272
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism holds that on Mount Sinai, the Written Law was transmitted along with an Oral Law. The words of the Torah (Pentateuch) were spoken to Moses by God; the laws contained in this Written Torah, the "Mitzvot", were given along with detailed explanations in the oral tradition as to how to apply and interpret...
Where was the written law and the oral law transmitted?
{ "answer_start": [ 31 ], "text": [ "Mount Sinai" ] }
570985f3ed30961900e84273
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism holds that on Mount Sinai, the Written Law was transmitted along with an Oral Law. The words of the Torah (Pentateuch) were spoken to Moses by God; the laws contained in this Written Torah, the "Mitzvot", were given along with detailed explanations in the oral tradition as to how to apply and interpret...
Who spoke the words of the Torah to Moses?
{ "answer_start": [ 160 ], "text": [ "God" ] }
570985f3ed30961900e84274
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism holds that on Mount Sinai, the Written Law was transmitted along with an Oral Law. The words of the Torah (Pentateuch) were spoken to Moses by God; the laws contained in this Written Torah, the "Mitzvot", were given along with detailed explanations in the oral tradition as to how to apply and interpret...
What were the laws contained in the written Torah known as?
{ "answer_start": [ 212 ], "text": [ "Mitzvot" ] }
570985f3ed30961900e84275
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism holds that on Mount Sinai, the Written Law was transmitted along with an Oral Law. The words of the Torah (Pentateuch) were spoken to Moses by God; the laws contained in this Written Torah, the "Mitzvot", were given along with detailed explanations in the oral tradition as to how to apply and interpret...
Where is Moses miraculously transported to?
{ "answer_start": [ 659 ], "text": [ "House of Study of Rabbi Akiva" ] }
570985f3ed30961900e84276
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism holds that on Mount Sinai, the Written Law was transmitted along with an Oral Law. The words of the Torah (Pentateuch) were spoken to Moses by God; the laws contained in this Written Torah, the "Mitzvot", were given along with detailed explanations in the oral tradition as to how to apply and interpret...
What law is held to be transmitted with an extremely high degree of accuracy?
{ "answer_start": [ 407 ], "text": [ "Oral law" ] }
570987baed30961900e8429a
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism maintains the historical understanding of Jewish identity. A Jew is someone who was born to a Jewish mother, or who converts to Judaism in accordance with Jewish law and tradition. Orthodoxy thus rejects patrilineal descent as a means of establishing Jewish identity. Similarly, Orthodoxy strongly conde...
What maintains a historical understanding of jewish Identity?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Orthodox Judaism" ] }
570987baed30961900e8429b
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism maintains the historical understanding of Jewish identity. A Jew is someone who was born to a Jewish mother, or who converts to Judaism in accordance with Jewish law and tradition. Orthodoxy thus rejects patrilineal descent as a means of establishing Jewish identity. Similarly, Orthodoxy strongly conde...
What does orthodoxy reject as a means of establishing Jewish identiy?
{ "answer_start": [ 221 ], "text": [ "patrilineal descent" ] }
570987baed30961900e8429d
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism maintains the historical understanding of Jewish identity. A Jew is someone who was born to a Jewish mother, or who converts to Judaism in accordance with Jewish law and tradition. Orthodoxy thus rejects patrilineal descent as a means of establishing Jewish identity. Similarly, Orthodoxy strongly conde...
What is intermarriage typically seen as?
{ "answer_start": [ 377 ], "text": [ "rejection of Judaism" ] }
570987baed30961900e8429c
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism maintains the historical understanding of Jewish identity. A Jew is someone who was born to a Jewish mother, or who converts to Judaism in accordance with Jewish law and tradition. Orthodoxy thus rejects patrilineal descent as a means of establishing Jewish identity. Similarly, Orthodoxy strongly conde...
What does Orthodoxy strongly condemn?
{ "answer_start": [ 324 ], "text": [ "intermarriage" ] }
570987baed30961900e8429e
Orthodox_Judaism
Orthodox Judaism maintains the historical understanding of Jewish identity. A Jew is someone who was born to a Jewish mother, or who converts to Judaism in accordance with Jewish law and tradition. Orthodoxy thus rejects patrilineal descent as a means of establishing Jewish identity. Similarly, Orthodoxy strongly conde...
What happens to most intermarried people in the orthodox community?
{ "answer_start": [ 441 ], "text": [ "cut off" ] }
57098875200fba1400368157
Orthodox_Judaism
However, there is significant disagreement within Orthodox Judaism, particularly between Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism, about the extent and circumstances under which the proper application of Halakha should be re-examined as a result of changing realities. As a general rule, Haredi Jews believe that when ...
What do haredi Judaism and modern orthodox Judaism disagree about the application of?
{ "answer_start": [ 206 ], "text": [ "Halakha" ] }
57098875200fba1400368158
Orthodox_Judaism
However, there is significant disagreement within Orthodox Judaism, particularly between Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism, about the extent and circumstances under which the proper application of Halakha should be re-examined as a result of changing realities. As a general rule, Haredi Jews believe that when ...
what law is halakha to the Orthodox Jew?
{ "answer_start": [ 679 ], "text": [ "God's Law," ] }
57098875200fba1400368159
Orthodox_Judaism
However, there is significant disagreement within Orthodox Judaism, particularly between Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism, about the extent and circumstances under which the proper application of Halakha should be re-examined as a result of changing realities. As a general rule, Haredi Jews believe that when ...
Basic respect for human beings is known as what?
{ "answer_start": [ 1206 ], "text": [ "\"Kavod Habriyot\"" ] }
57098875200fba140036815a
Orthodox_Judaism
However, there is significant disagreement within Orthodox Judaism, particularly between Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism, about the extent and circumstances under which the proper application of Halakha should be re-examined as a result of changing realities. As a general rule, Haredi Jews believe that when ...
The sanctiy of human life is known as what?
{ "answer_start": [ 1257 ], "text": [ "\"Pikuach Nefesh\"" ] }
57098875200fba140036815b
Orthodox_Judaism
However, there is significant disagreement within Orthodox Judaism, particularly between Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism, about the extent and circumstances under which the proper application of Halakha should be re-examined as a result of changing realities. As a general rule, Haredi Jews believe that when ...
What does halakha guide?
{ "answer_start": [ 704 ], "text": [ "structure of daily life" ] }
57098af9ed30961900e842cc
Orthodox_Judaism
According to Orthodox Judaism, Jewish law today is based on the commandments in the Torah, as viewed through the discussions and debates contained in classical rabbinic literature, especially the Mishnah and the Talmud. Orthodox Judaism thus holds that the halakha represents the "will of God", either directly, or as cl...
What is jewish law today based on?
{ "answer_start": [ 84 ], "text": [ "Torah" ] }
57098af9ed30961900e842cd
Orthodox_Judaism
According to Orthodox Judaism, Jewish law today is based on the commandments in the Torah, as viewed through the discussions and debates contained in classical rabbinic literature, especially the Mishnah and the Talmud. Orthodox Judaism thus holds that the halakha represents the "will of God", either directly, or as cl...
what does the halakha represent to orthodox judiasm?
{ "answer_start": [ 281 ], "text": [ "will of God" ] }
57098af9ed30961900e842ce
Orthodox_Judaism
According to Orthodox Judaism, Jewish law today is based on the commandments in the Torah, as viewed through the discussions and debates contained in classical rabbinic literature, especially the Mishnah and the Talmud. Orthodox Judaism thus holds that the halakha represents the "will of God", either directly, or as cl...
Where were the rules about the Torah revealed to Moses by God?
{ "answer_start": [ 453 ], "text": [ "Mount Sinai" ] }
57098af9ed30961900e842cf
Orthodox_Judaism
According to Orthodox Judaism, Jewish law today is based on the commandments in the Torah, as viewed through the discussions and debates contained in classical rabbinic literature, especially the Mishnah and the Talmud. Orthodox Judaism thus holds that the halakha represents the "will of God", either directly, or as cl...
How many rules are jewish law derived from?
{ "answer_start": [ 746 ], "text": [ "13" ] }
57098af9ed30961900e842d0
Orthodox_Judaism
According to Orthodox Judaism, Jewish law today is based on the commandments in the Torah, as viewed through the discussions and debates contained in classical rabbinic literature, especially the Mishnah and the Talmud. Orthodox Judaism thus holds that the halakha represents the "will of God", either directly, or as cl...
What law is considered to be no less the word of god?
{ "answer_start": [ 536 ], "text": [ "Oral Law" ] }
57098bc7200fba140036817f
Orthodox_Judaism
Hasidic or Chasidic Judaism overlaps significantly with Haredi Judaism in its engagement with the secular and commercial world, and in regard to social issues. It precedes the later and differs in its genesis and emerged focus. The movement originated in Eastern Europe (what is now Belarus and Ukraine) in the 18th cent...
What overlaps significantly with Hasidic Judiasm?
{ "answer_start": [ 56 ], "text": [ "Haredi Judaism" ] }
57098bc7200fba1400368180
Orthodox_Judaism
Hasidic or Chasidic Judaism overlaps significantly with Haredi Judaism in its engagement with the secular and commercial world, and in regard to social issues. It precedes the later and differs in its genesis and emerged focus. The movement originated in Eastern Europe (what is now Belarus and Ukraine) in the 18th cent...
What overlaps significantly with Haredi Judiasm?
{ "answer_start": [ 11 ], "text": [ "Chasidic Judaism" ] }
57098bc7200fba1400368181
Orthodox_Judaism
Hasidic or Chasidic Judaism overlaps significantly with Haredi Judaism in its engagement with the secular and commercial world, and in regard to social issues. It precedes the later and differs in its genesis and emerged focus. The movement originated in Eastern Europe (what is now Belarus and Ukraine) in the 18th cent...
Who founded what is known as the Baal Shem Tov?
{ "answer_start": [ 336 ], "text": [ "Israel ben Eliezer" ] }
57098bc7200fba1400368182
Orthodox_Judaism
Hasidic or Chasidic Judaism overlaps significantly with Haredi Judaism in its engagement with the secular and commercial world, and in regard to social issues. It precedes the later and differs in its genesis and emerged focus. The movement originated in Eastern Europe (what is now Belarus and Ukraine) in the 18th cent...
What sought to combine rigourous scholarship with more emotional mitzvah observance?
{ "answer_start": [ 788 ], "text": [ "Ba'al Shem Tov" ] }
57098bc7200fba1400368183
Orthodox_Judaism
Hasidic or Chasidic Judaism overlaps significantly with Haredi Judaism in its engagement with the secular and commercial world, and in regard to social issues. It precedes the later and differs in its genesis and emerged focus. The movement originated in Eastern Europe (what is now Belarus and Ukraine) in the 18th cent...
What is the spoken word known as in Hasidic Judiasm?
{ "answer_start": [ 1427 ], "text": [ "Yiddish" ] }
57098ca3ed30961900e842d6
Orthodox_Judaism
In contrast to the general American Jewish community, which is dwindling due to low fertility and high intermarriage and assimilation rates, the Orthodox Jewish community of the United States is growing rapidly. Among Orthodox Jews, the fertility rate stands at about 4.1 children per family, as compared to 1.9 children...
What is the fertility rate among non-orthodox Jewish families??
{ "answer_start": [ 308 ], "text": [ "1.9 children" ] }
57098ca3ed30961900e842d7
Orthodox_Judaism
In contrast to the general American Jewish community, which is dwindling due to low fertility and high intermarriage and assimilation rates, the Orthodox Jewish community of the United States is growing rapidly. Among Orthodox Jews, the fertility rate stands at about 4.1 children per family, as compared to 1.9 children...
What is the fertility rate among orthodox Jewish families?
{ "answer_start": [ 268 ], "text": [ "4.1 children" ] }
57098ca3ed30961900e842d8
Orthodox_Judaism
In contrast to the general American Jewish community, which is dwindling due to low fertility and high intermarriage and assimilation rates, the Orthodox Jewish community of the United States is growing rapidly. Among Orthodox Jews, the fertility rate stands at about 4.1 children per family, as compared to 1.9 children...
What is the rate of intermarriage among orthodox Jews?
{ "answer_start": [ 442 ], "text": [ "2%" ] }
57098ca3ed30961900e842d9
Orthodox_Judaism
In contrast to the general American Jewish community, which is dwindling due to low fertility and high intermarriage and assimilation rates, the Orthodox Jewish community of the United States is growing rapidly. Among Orthodox Jews, the fertility rate stands at about 4.1 children per family, as compared to 1.9 children...
What is the intermarriage rate among non-orthodox jews?
{ "answer_start": [ 463 ], "text": [ "71%" ] }
57098ca3ed30961900e842da
Orthodox_Judaism
In contrast to the general American Jewish community, which is dwindling due to low fertility and high intermarriage and assimilation rates, the Orthodox Jewish community of the United States is growing rapidly. Among Orthodox Jews, the fertility rate stands at about 4.1 children per family, as compared to 1.9 children...
how many raised on orthodox Jewish homes abandon orthodox Judaism typically?
{ "answer_start": [ 583 ], "text": [ "half" ] }
57098d60ed30961900e842ea
Orthodox_Judaism
On the other hand, Orthodox Jews subscribing to Modern Orthodoxy in its American and UK incarnations, tend to be far more right-wing than both non-orthodox and other orthodox Jews. While the overwhelming majority of non-Orthodox American Jews are on average strongly liberal and supporters of the Democratic Party, the M...
Orthodox Jews subsciribing to modern orthodoxy tend to be what political alignment typically?
{ "answer_start": [ 122 ], "text": [ "right-wing" ] }
57098d60ed30961900e842eb
Orthodox_Judaism
On the other hand, Orthodox Jews subscribing to Modern Orthodoxy in its American and UK incarnations, tend to be far more right-wing than both non-orthodox and other orthodox Jews. While the overwhelming majority of non-Orthodox American Jews are on average strongly liberal and supporters of the Democratic Party, the M...
half of orthodox judiasm tends to lean to what political ideaology?
{ "answer_start": [ 385 ], "text": [ "conservative" ] }
57098d60ed30961900e842ec
Orthodox_Judaism
On the other hand, Orthodox Jews subscribing to Modern Orthodoxy in its American and UK incarnations, tend to be far more right-wing than both non-orthodox and other orthodox Jews. While the overwhelming majority of non-Orthodox American Jews are on average strongly liberal and supporters of the Democratic Party, the M...
What political party is mostly supported by orthodox jews?
{ "answer_start": [ 482 ], "text": [ "Republican" ] }
57098d60ed30961900e842ed
Orthodox_Judaism
On the other hand, Orthodox Jews subscribing to Modern Orthodoxy in its American and UK incarnations, tend to be far more right-wing than both non-orthodox and other orthodox Jews. While the overwhelming majority of non-Orthodox American Jews are on average strongly liberal and supporters of the Democratic Party, the M...
Haredi and Hasidic Jewry have a stronger connection to what country?
{ "answer_start": [ 659 ], "text": [ "Israel" ] }
57098d60ed30961900e842ee
Orthodox_Judaism
On the other hand, Orthodox Jews subscribing to Modern Orthodoxy in its American and UK incarnations, tend to be far more right-wing than both non-orthodox and other orthodox Jews. While the overwhelming majority of non-Orthodox American Jews are on average strongly liberal and supporters of the Democratic Party, the M...
Haredi and Hasidic Jewry have an attachment to what movement?
{ "answer_start": [ 693 ], "text": [ "Zionism" ] }
57098db1200fba1400368189
Orthodox_Judaism
Modern Orthodoxy, as a stream of Orthodox Judaism represented by institutions such as the U.S. National Council for Young Israel, is pro-Zionist and thus places a high national, as well as religious, significance on the State of Israel, and its affiliates are, typically, Zionist in orientation. It also practices involv...
What does the US national council for Young Isreal represent?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Modern Orthodoxy" ] }
57098db1200fba140036818a
Orthodox_Judaism
Modern Orthodoxy, as a stream of Orthodox Judaism represented by institutions such as the U.S. National Council for Young Israel, is pro-Zionist and thus places a high national, as well as religious, significance on the State of Israel, and its affiliates are, typically, Zionist in orientation. It also practices involv...
What is involvement with non-orthodox Jews known as?
{ "answer_start": [ 369 ], "text": [ "\"outreach (Kiruv)\"" ] }
57098db1200fba140036818b
Orthodox_Judaism
Modern Orthodoxy, as a stream of Orthodox Judaism represented by institutions such as the U.S. National Council for Young Israel, is pro-Zionist and thus places a high national, as well as religious, significance on the State of Israel, and its affiliates are, typically, Zionist in orientation. It also practices involv...
What is a core beliefe that was recognized as important by orthodox Jews?
{ "answer_start": [ 544 ], "text": [ "secular studies" ] }
57098db1200fba140036818c
Orthodox_Judaism
Modern Orthodoxy, as a stream of Orthodox Judaism represented by institutions such as the U.S. National Council for Young Israel, is pro-Zionist and thus places a high national, as well as religious, significance on the State of Israel, and its affiliates are, typically, Zionist in orientation. It also practices involv...
what is it important for both men and women orthodox jews to be able to do?
{ "answer_start": [ 692 ], "text": [ "support oneself" ] }
57098dbded30961900e842f4
Orthodox_Judaism
However, the Orthodox claim to absolute fidelity to past tradition has been challenged by scholars who contend that the Judaism of the Middle Ages bore little resemblance to that practiced by today's Orthodox. Rather, the Orthodox community, as a counterreaction to the liberalism of the Haskalah movement, began to embr...
what is the name of the movement of liberalism?
{ "answer_start": [ 288 ], "text": [ "Haskalah" ] }
57098dbded30961900e842f5
Orthodox_Judaism
However, the Orthodox claim to absolute fidelity to past tradition has been challenged by scholars who contend that the Judaism of the Middle Ages bore little resemblance to that practiced by today's Orthodox. Rather, the Orthodox community, as a counterreaction to the liberalism of the Haskalah movement, began to embr...
what sometimes prefers a more lenient position on Dietray laws?
{ "answer_start": [ 541 ], "text": [ "Talmud" ] }
57098dbded30961900e842f6
Orthodox_Judaism
However, the Orthodox claim to absolute fidelity to past tradition has been challenged by scholars who contend that the Judaism of the Middle Ages bore little resemblance to that practiced by today's Orthodox. Rather, the Orthodox community, as a counterreaction to the liberalism of the Haskalah movement, began to embr...
previous generations typically praciced a more lenient position in regard to what?
{ "answer_start": [ 435 ], "text": [ "dietary laws" ] }
57098dbded30961900e842f7
Orthodox_Judaism
However, the Orthodox claim to absolute fidelity to past tradition has been challenged by scholars who contend that the Judaism of the Middle Ages bore little resemblance to that practiced by today's Orthodox. Rather, the Orthodox community, as a counterreaction to the liberalism of the Haskalah movement, began to embr...
What are dietary laws known as?
{ "answer_start": [ 343 ], "text": [ "halachic practices" ] }
57098dc3ed30961900e842fc
Orthodox_Judaism
The roots of Orthodox Judaism can be traced to the late 18th or early 19th century, when elements within German Jewry sought to reform Jewish belief and practice in the early 19th century in response to the Age of Enlightenment, Jewish Emancipation, and Haskalah. They sought to modernize education in light of contempor...
When can the roots of orthodox judaism be traced to?
{ "answer_start": [ 70 ], "text": [ "19th century" ] }
57098dc3ed30961900e842fd
Orthodox_Judaism
The roots of Orthodox Judaism can be traced to the late 18th or early 19th century, when elements within German Jewry sought to reform Jewish belief and practice in the early 19th century in response to the Age of Enlightenment, Jewish Emancipation, and Haskalah. They sought to modernize education in light of contempor...
When did the German Jewry seek to reform Jewish belief?
{ "answer_start": [ 169 ], "text": [ "early 19th century" ] }
57098dc3ed30961900e842fe
Orthodox_Judaism
The roots of Orthodox Judaism can be traced to the late 18th or early 19th century, when elements within German Jewry sought to reform Jewish belief and practice in the early 19th century in response to the Age of Enlightenment, Jewish Emancipation, and Haskalah. They sought to modernize education in light of contempor...
what did orthodox jews seek to modernize?
{ "answer_start": [ 289 ], "text": [ "education" ] }
57098dc3ed30961900e842ff
Orthodox_Judaism
The roots of Orthodox Judaism can be traced to the late 18th or early 19th century, when elements within German Jewry sought to reform Jewish belief and practice in the early 19th century in response to the Age of Enlightenment, Jewish Emancipation, and Haskalah. They sought to modernize education in light of contempor...
what did the German Jewry reject about the Torah?
{ "answer_start": [ 365 ], "text": [ "absolute divine authorship" ] }
57098e54ed30961900e84304
Orthodox_Judaism
Politically, Orthodox Jews, given their variety of movements and affiliations, tend not to conform easily to the standard left-right political spectrum, with one of the key differences between the movements stemming from the groups' attitudes to Zionism. Generally speaking, of the three key strands of Orthodox Judaism,...
What do orthodox Jews express ambivalence towards?
{ "answer_start": [ 410 ], "text": [ "Zionism" ] }