id
stringlengths
24
24
title
stringclasses
442 values
context
stringlengths
151
3.71k
question
stringlengths
12
270
answers
dict
5709d15f4103511400d59468
Animal
The Platyzoa include the phylum Platyhelminthes, the flatworms. These were originally considered some of the most primitive Bilateria, but it now appears they developed from more complex ancestors. A number of parasites are included in this group, such as the flukes and tapeworms. Flatworms are acoelomates, lacking a b...
Where are the rotifera most prominent?
{ "answer_start": [ 530 ], "text": [ "in aqueous environments" ] }
5709d4004103511400d59476
Animal
Most animals indirectly use the energy of sunlight by eating plants or plant-eating animals. Most plants use light to convert inorganic molecules in their environment into carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other biomolecules, characteristically containing reduced carbon in the form of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Starting wi...
How do most animals use the energy of sunlight?
{ "answer_start": [ 54 ], "text": [ "eating plants or plant-eating animals" ] }
5709d4004103511400d59477
Animal
Most animals indirectly use the energy of sunlight by eating plants or plant-eating animals. Most plants use light to convert inorganic molecules in their environment into carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other biomolecules, characteristically containing reduced carbon in the form of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Starting wi...
What do plants use to convert inorganic molecules into carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other biomolecules?
{ "answer_start": [ 109 ], "text": [ "light" ] }
5709d4004103511400d59478
Animal
Most animals indirectly use the energy of sunlight by eating plants or plant-eating animals. Most plants use light to convert inorganic molecules in their environment into carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other biomolecules, characteristically containing reduced carbon in the form of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Starting wi...
What does photosynthesis convert the energy of sunlight into?
{ "answer_start": [ 413 ], "text": [ "chemical energy" ] }
5709d4004103511400d59479
Animal
Most animals indirectly use the energy of sunlight by eating plants or plant-eating animals. Most plants use light to convert inorganic molecules in their environment into carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other biomolecules, characteristically containing reduced carbon in the form of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Starting wi...
When an animal eats plants or another animal that has eaten plants, what happens to the reduced carbon compounds in the food?
{ "answer_start": [ 746 ], "text": [ "become a source of energy and building materials for the animal" ] }
5709d4004103511400d5947a
Animal
Most animals indirectly use the energy of sunlight by eating plants or plant-eating animals. Most plants use light to convert inorganic molecules in their environment into carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other biomolecules, characteristically containing reduced carbon in the form of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Starting wi...
What happens with the reduced carbon compounds in the food are broken down releasing stored solar energy?
{ "answer_start": [ 917 ], "text": [ "giving the animal the energy required for motion" ] }
57099056ed30961900e84328
Beer
The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons i...
What is the process of making beer called?
{ "answer_start": [ 39 ], "text": [ "brewing" ] }
57099056ed30961900e84329
Beer
The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons i...
What is a building called that is used for making beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 102 ], "text": [ "a brewery" ] }
57099056ed30961900e8432a
Beer
The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons i...
What is company that makes beer typically known as?
{ "answer_start": [ 243 ], "text": [ "a brewing company" ] }
57099056ed30961900e8432b
Beer
The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons i...
What is beer classified as when it is made for non-commerical consumption?
{ "answer_start": [ 336 ], "text": [ "homebrewing" ] }
57099056ed30961900e8432c
Beer
The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons i...
In what year was home brewing first allowed in the UK?
{ "answer_start": [ 647 ], "text": [ "1963" ] }
57099360ed30961900e8434a
Beer
After boiling, the hopped wort is now cooled, ready for the yeast. In some breweries, the hopped wort may pass through a hopback, which is a small vat filled with hops, to add aromatic hop flavouring and to act as a filter; but usually the hopped wort is simply cooled for the fermenter, where the yeast is added. During...
In breweries, what do you call a small vat that is filled with hops?
{ "answer_start": [ 119 ], "text": [ "a hopback" ] }
57099360ed30961900e8434b
Beer
After boiling, the hopped wort is now cooled, ready for the yeast. In some breweries, the hopped wort may pass through a hopback, which is a small vat filled with hops, to add aromatic hop flavouring and to act as a filter; but usually the hopped wort is simply cooled for the fermenter, where the yeast is added. During...
In what phase of brewing does hopped wort become beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 321 ], "text": [ "fermentation" ] }
57099360ed30961900e8434c
Beer
After boiling, the hopped wort is now cooled, ready for the yeast. In some breweries, the hopped wort may pass through a hopback, which is a small vat filled with hops, to add aromatic hop flavouring and to act as a filter; but usually the hopped wort is simply cooled for the fermenter, where the yeast is added. During...
What substance settles and make beer clear after it ferments?
{ "answer_start": [ 603 ], "text": [ "yeast" ] }
57099360ed30961900e8434d
Beer
After boiling, the hopped wort is now cooled, ready for the yeast. In some breweries, the hopped wort may pass through a hopback, which is a small vat filled with hops, to add aromatic hop flavouring and to act as a filter; but usually the hopped wort is simply cooled for the fermenter, where the yeast is added. During...
How long does the fermentation process take in brewing beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 385 ], "text": [ "a week to months" ] }
57099360ed30961900e8434e
Beer
After boiling, the hopped wort is now cooled, ready for the yeast. In some breweries, the hopped wort may pass through a hopback, which is a small vat filled with hops, to add aromatic hop flavouring and to act as a filter; but usually the hopped wort is simply cooled for the fermenter, where the yeast is added. During...
What substance is added to hopped wort once it cools after boiling?
{ "answer_start": [ 60 ], "text": [ "yeast" ] }
570a2cda6d058f1900182cd0
Beer
Nearly all beer includes barley malt as the majority of the starch. This is because its fibrous hull remains attached to the grain during threshing. After malting, barley is milled, which finally removes the hull, breaking it into large pieces. These pieces remain with the grain during the mash, and act as a filter bed...
What is the main source of starch and most beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 25 ], "text": [ "barley malt" ] }
570a2cda6d058f1900182cd1
Beer
Nearly all beer includes barley malt as the majority of the starch. This is because its fibrous hull remains attached to the grain during threshing. After malting, barley is milled, which finally removes the hull, breaking it into large pieces. These pieces remain with the grain during the mash, and act as a filter bed...
At what point does barley have it's hull broken up into pieces?
{ "answer_start": [ 149 ], "text": [ "After malting" ] }
570a2cda6d058f1900182cd2
Beer
Nearly all beer includes barley malt as the majority of the starch. This is because its fibrous hull remains attached to the grain during threshing. After malting, barley is milled, which finally removes the hull, breaking it into large pieces. These pieces remain with the grain during the mash, and act as a filter bed...
What takes the place of barley malt in gluten-free beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 578 ], "text": [ "sorghum" ] }
570a2cda6d058f1900182cd3
Beer
Nearly all beer includes barley malt as the majority of the starch. This is because its fibrous hull remains attached to the grain during threshing. After malting, barley is milled, which finally removes the hull, breaking it into large pieces. These pieces remain with the grain during the mash, and act as a filter bed...
When is sweet wort separated during the brewing process?
{ "answer_start": [ 321 ], "text": [ "during lautering" ] }
570a2cda6d058f1900182cd4
Beer
Nearly all beer includes barley malt as the majority of the starch. This is because its fibrous hull remains attached to the grain during threshing. After malting, barley is milled, which finally removes the hull, breaking it into large pieces. These pieces remain with the grain during the mash, and act as a filter bed...
Aside from barley, what is a another product founded beer that might contain gluten?
{ "answer_start": [ 666 ], "text": [ "wheat" ] }
570a30f74103511400d595b2
Beer
A microbrewery, or craft brewery, produces a limited amount of beer. The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) a year. A bre...
What is a brewery called that makes a small amount of beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 2 ], "text": [ "microbrewery" ] }
570a30f74103511400d595b4
Beer
A microbrewery, or craft brewery, produces a limited amount of beer. The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) a year. A bre...
What would you call a microbrewery that also has a restaurant or a pub?
{ "answer_start": [ 317 ], "text": [ "brewpub" ] }
570a30f74103511400d595b3
Beer
A microbrewery, or craft brewery, produces a limited amount of beer. The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) a year. A bre...
In general, how much beer can a microbrewery make and still be classified as a microbrewery?
{ "answer_start": [ 210 ], "text": [ "around 15,000 barrels" ] }
570a30f74103511400d595b5
Beer
A microbrewery, or craft brewery, produces a limited amount of beer. The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) a year. A bre...
What city is home to the oldest known brewery in the world that is still active?
{ "answer_start": [ 835 ], "text": [ "Freising" ] }
570a30f74103511400d595b6
Beer
A microbrewery, or craft brewery, produces a limited amount of beer. The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) a year. A bre...
What year was The Benedictine Weihenstephan Brewery first licensed as a brewery?
{ "answer_start": [ 847 ], "text": [ "1040" ] }
570a329c4103511400d595bc
Beer
The alcohol in beer comes primarily from the metabolism of sugars that are produced during fermentation. The quantity of fermentable sugars in the wort and the variety of yeast used to ferment the wort are the primary factors that determine the amount of alcohol in the final beer. Additional fermentable sugars are some...
What is the main source of the alcohol in beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 59 ], "text": [ "sugars" ] }
570a329c4103511400d595bd
Beer
The alcohol in beer comes primarily from the metabolism of sugars that are produced during fermentation. The quantity of fermentable sugars in the wort and the variety of yeast used to ferment the wort are the primary factors that determine the amount of alcohol in the final beer. Additional fermentable sugars are some...
What is the process during brewing in which sugar is metabolized into alcohol?
{ "answer_start": [ 91 ], "text": [ "fermentation" ] }
570a329c4103511400d595be
Beer
The alcohol in beer comes primarily from the metabolism of sugars that are produced during fermentation. The quantity of fermentable sugars in the wort and the variety of yeast used to ferment the wort are the primary factors that determine the amount of alcohol in the final beer. Additional fermentable sugars are some...
At what concentration can yeast no longer survive in alcohol?
{ "answer_start": [ 660 ], "text": [ "above 12%" ] }
570a329c4103511400d595bf
Beer
The alcohol in beer comes primarily from the metabolism of sugars that are produced during fermentation. The quantity of fermentable sugars in the wort and the variety of yeast used to ferment the wort are the primary factors that determine the amount of alcohol in the final beer. Additional fermentable sugars are some...
What could decrease alcohol content during the brewing process?
{ "answer_start": [ 681 ], "text": [ "Low temperatures" ] }
570a329c4103511400d595c0
Beer
The alcohol in beer comes primarily from the metabolism of sugars that are produced during fermentation. The quantity of fermentable sugars in the wort and the variety of yeast used to ferment the wort are the primary factors that determine the amount of alcohol in the final beer. Additional fermentable sugars are some...
Why would more fermentable sugars be added to be beer during the brewing process?
{ "answer_start": [ 332 ], "text": [ "to increase alcohol content" ] }
570a34484103511400d595c7
Beer
Cask-conditioned ales (or cask ales) are unfiltered and unpasteurised beers. These beers are termed "real ale" by the CAMRA organisation. Typically, when a cask arrives in a pub, it is placed horizontally on a frame called a "stillage" which is designed to hold it steady and at the right angle, and then allowed to cool...
What would you call a frame that holds the cask of beer horizontally when it arrives at the pub?
{ "answer_start": [ 226 ], "text": [ "stillage" ] }
570a34484103511400d595c8
Beer
Cask-conditioned ales (or cask ales) are unfiltered and unpasteurised beers. These beers are termed "real ale" by the CAMRA organisation. Typically, when a cask arrives in a pub, it is placed horizontally on a frame called a "stillage" which is designed to hold it steady and at the right angle, and then allowed to cool...
What temperature are cask ales stored at before being tapped?
{ "answer_start": [ 374 ], "text": [ "52–55 °F" ] }
570a34484103511400d595c6
Beer
Cask-conditioned ales (or cask ales) are unfiltered and unpasteurised beers. These beers are termed "real ale" by the CAMRA organisation. Typically, when a cask arrives in a pub, it is placed horizontally on a frame called a "stillage" which is designed to hold it steady and at the right angle, and then allowed to cool...
What would you call a beer that has not been filtered or pasteurized?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Cask-conditioned ales" ] }
570a34484103511400d595c9
Beer
Cask-conditioned ales (or cask ales) are unfiltered and unpasteurised beers. These beers are termed "real ale" by the CAMRA organisation. Typically, when a cask arrives in a pub, it is placed horizontally on a frame called a "stillage" which is designed to hold it steady and at the right angle, and then allowed to cool...
How long does it take for sediment to settle and clear after a cask ale has been tapped?
{ "answer_start": [ 822 ], "text": [ "from several hours to several days" ] }
570a34484103511400d595ca
Beer
Cask-conditioned ales (or cask ales) are unfiltered and unpasteurised beers. These beers are termed "real ale" by the CAMRA organisation. Typically, when a cask arrives in a pub, it is placed horizontally on a frame called a "stillage" which is designed to hold it steady and at the right angle, and then allowed to cool...
What tool is used to pull beer from a cask to serve?
{ "answer_start": [ 944 ], "text": [ "a hand pump" ] }
570a35f06d058f1900182cee
Beer
Beer contains ethyl alcohol, the same chemical that is present in wine and distilled spirits and as such, beer consumption has short-term psychological and physiological effects on the user. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on a person. The effects of alcohol depend on the am...
What type of alcohol is found in beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 14 ], "text": [ "ethyl alcohol" ] }
570a35f06d058f1900182cef
Beer
Beer contains ethyl alcohol, the same chemical that is present in wine and distilled spirits and as such, beer consumption has short-term psychological and physiological effects on the user. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on a person. The effects of alcohol depend on the am...
How is alcohol measured in the human body?
{ "answer_start": [ 601 ], "text": [ "blood alcohol concentration" ] }
570a35f06d058f1900182cf0
Beer
Beer contains ethyl alcohol, the same chemical that is present in wine and distilled spirits and as such, beer consumption has short-term psychological and physiological effects on the user. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on a person. The effects of alcohol depend on the am...
What type of alcohol is found in wine and distilled spirits?
{ "answer_start": [ 14 ], "text": [ "ethyl alcohol" ] }
570a35f06d058f1900182cf1
Beer
Beer contains ethyl alcohol, the same chemical that is present in wine and distilled spirits and as such, beer consumption has short-term psychological and physiological effects on the user. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on a person. The effects of alcohol depend on the am...
What is it called when someone dies from inhaling vomit?
{ "answer_start": [ 1223 ], "text": [ "pulmonary aspiration" ] }
570a35f06d058f1900182cf2
Beer
Beer contains ethyl alcohol, the same chemical that is present in wine and distilled spirits and as such, beer consumption has short-term psychological and physiological effects on the user. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on a person. The effects of alcohol depend on the am...
What could be caused by a 0.80% Blood alcohol content in a human?
{ "answer_start": [ 1434 ], "text": [ "fatal alcohol poisoning" ] }
570a37326d058f1900182cf8
Beer
Beer is sold in bottles and cans; it may also be available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of beer is usually aro...
What types of containers is beer generally sold in?
{ "answer_start": [ 16 ], "text": [ "bottles and cans" ] }
570a37326d058f1900182cf9
Beer
Beer is sold in bottles and cans; it may also be available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of beer is usually aro...
In addition to bottles and cans, How is beer often sold in bars?
{ "answer_start": [ 62 ], "text": [ "draught" ] }
570a37326d058f1900182cfa
Beer
Beer is sold in bottles and cans; it may also be available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of beer is usually aro...
In general, what is usually the alcohol content in most beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 317 ], "text": [ "around 4% to 6%" ] }
570a37326d058f1900182cfb
Beer
Beer is sold in bottles and cans; it may also be available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of beer is usually aro...
What festivals are a social tradition in many beer drinking countries?
{ "answer_start": [ 566 ], "text": [ "beer festivals," ] }
570a37326d058f1900182cfc
Beer
Beer is sold in bottles and cans; it may also be available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars. The brewing industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies and many thousands of smaller producers ranging from brewpubs to regional breweries. The strength of beer is usually aro...
What is a pub game that is popular in many beer drinking nations?
{ "answer_start": [ 674 ], "text": [ "bar billiards" ] }
570a38604103511400d595d0
Beer
Beer is composed mostly of water. Regions have water with different mineral components; as a result, different regions were originally better suited to making certain types of beer, thus giving them a regional character. For example, Dublin has hard water well-suited to making stout, such as Guinness; while the Plzeň R...
What is the main ingredient in beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 27 ], "text": [ "water" ] }
570a38604103511400d595d1
Beer
Beer is composed mostly of water. Regions have water with different mineral components; as a result, different regions were originally better suited to making certain types of beer, thus giving them a regional character. For example, Dublin has hard water well-suited to making stout, such as Guinness; while the Plzeň R...
What type of water is good for making stout beer, like Guinness?
{ "answer_start": [ 245 ], "text": [ "hard water" ] }
570a38604103511400d595d2
Beer
Beer is composed mostly of water. Regions have water with different mineral components; as a result, different regions were originally better suited to making certain types of beer, thus giving them a regional character. For example, Dublin has hard water well-suited to making stout, such as Guinness; while the Plzeň R...
What type of water is best for making pale lager?
{ "answer_start": [ 330 ], "text": [ "soft water" ] }
570a38604103511400d595d3
Beer
Beer is composed mostly of water. Regions have water with different mineral components; as a result, different regions were originally better suited to making certain types of beer, thus giving them a regional character. For example, Dublin has hard water well-suited to making stout, such as Guinness; while the Plzeň R...
What is the process called when gypsum is added to water?
{ "answer_start": [ 589 ], "text": [ "Burtonisation" ] }
570a38604103511400d595d4
Beer
Beer is composed mostly of water. Regions have water with different mineral components; as a result, different regions were originally better suited to making certain types of beer, thus giving them a regional character. For example, Dublin has hard water well-suited to making stout, such as Guinness; while the Plzeň R...
What type of beer benefits most from water that contains gypsum?
{ "answer_start": [ 480 ], "text": [ "pale ale" ] }
570a3a0e6d058f1900182d02
Beer
In 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sol...
In what year did William IV adopt a purity law pertaining to beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 3 ], "text": [ "1516" ] }
570a3a0e6d058f1900182d03
Beer
In 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sol...
What was the title of William IV in 1516?
{ "answer_start": [ 21 ], "text": [ "Duke of Bavaria" ] }
570a3a0e6d058f1900182d04
Beer
In 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sol...
What was the name of the purity law that regulated beer in 1516, and is still in use today?
{ "answer_start": [ 50 ], "text": [ "Reinheitsgebot" ] }
570a3a0e6d058f1900182d05
Beer
In 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sol...
Aside from water and hops, what is the only other ingredient allowed in beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 232 ], "text": [ "barley-malt" ] }
570a3a0e6d058f1900182d06
Beer
In 1516, William IV, Duke of Bavaria, adopted the Reinheitsgebot (purity law), perhaps the oldest food-quality regulation still in use in the 21st century, according to which the only allowed ingredients of beer are water, hops and barley-malt. Beer produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sol...
Who was the Duke of Bavaria in 1516?
{ "answer_start": [ 9 ], "text": [ "William IV" ] }
570a3bf74103511400d595da
Beer
Hops contain several characteristics that brewers desire in beer. Hops contribute a bitterness that balances the sweetness of the malt; the bitterness of beers is measured on the International Bitterness Units scale. Hops contribute floral, citrus, and herbal aromas and flavours to beer. Hops have an antibiotic effect ...
What is the main cause for the bitterness in beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 66 ], "text": [ "Hops" ] }
570a3bf74103511400d595db
Beer
Hops contain several characteristics that brewers desire in beer. Hops contribute a bitterness that balances the sweetness of the malt; the bitterness of beers is measured on the International Bitterness Units scale. Hops contribute floral, citrus, and herbal aromas and flavours to beer. Hops have an antibiotic effect ...
What is the main goals for the sweetness of beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 130 ], "text": [ "malt" ] }
570a3bf74103511400d595dc
Beer
Hops contain several characteristics that brewers desire in beer. Hops contribute a bitterness that balances the sweetness of the malt; the bitterness of beers is measured on the International Bitterness Units scale. Hops contribute floral, citrus, and herbal aromas and flavours to beer. Hops have an antibiotic effect ...
How is the bitterness in most beers generally measured?
{ "answer_start": [ 175 ], "text": [ "the International Bitterness Units scale" ] }
570a3bf74103511400d595dd
Beer
Hops contain several characteristics that brewers desire in beer. Hops contribute a bitterness that balances the sweetness of the malt; the bitterness of beers is measured on the International Bitterness Units scale. Hops contribute floral, citrus, and herbal aromas and flavours to beer. Hops have an antibiotic effect ...
The acidity of what ingredient acts as a preservative in beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 515 ], "text": [ "hops" ] }
570a3bf74103511400d595de
Beer
Hops contain several characteristics that brewers desire in beer. Hops contribute a bitterness that balances the sweetness of the malt; the bitterness of beers is measured on the International Bitterness Units scale. Hops contribute floral, citrus, and herbal aromas and flavours to beer. Hops have an antibiotic effect ...
What do you call the length of time that foam is on top of beer because of carbonation?
{ "answer_start": [ 412 ], "text": [ "head retention" ] }
570a3d1f6d058f1900182d0c
Beer
The first step, where the wort is prepared by mixing the starch source (normally malted barley) with hot water, is known as "mashing". Hot water (known as "liquor" in brewing terms) is mixed with crushed malt or malts (known as "grist") in a mash tun. The mashing process takes around 1 to 2 hours, during which the star...
What is the first step of brewing when malted barley is mixed with hot water?
{ "answer_start": [ 125 ], "text": [ "mashing" ] }
570a3d1f6d058f1900182d0d
Beer
The first step, where the wort is prepared by mixing the starch source (normally malted barley) with hot water, is known as "mashing". Hot water (known as "liquor" in brewing terms) is mixed with crushed malt or malts (known as "grist") in a mash tun. The mashing process takes around 1 to 2 hours, during which the star...
How is hot water referred to by brewers?
{ "answer_start": [ 156 ], "text": [ "liquor" ] }
570a3d1f6d058f1900182d0e
Beer
The first step, where the wort is prepared by mixing the starch source (normally malted barley) with hot water, is known as "mashing". Hot water (known as "liquor" in brewing terms) is mixed with crushed malt or malts (known as "grist") in a mash tun. The mashing process takes around 1 to 2 hours, during which the star...
How long does the mashing step in the brewing process last?
{ "answer_start": [ 285 ], "text": [ "1 to 2 hours" ] }
570a3d1f6d058f1900182d0f
Beer
The first step, where the wort is prepared by mixing the starch source (normally malted barley) with hot water, is known as "mashing". Hot water (known as "liquor" in brewing terms) is mixed with crushed malt or malts (known as "grist") in a mash tun. The mashing process takes around 1 to 2 hours, during which the star...
In brewing, what do starches become during the mashing process?
{ "answer_start": [ 342 ], "text": [ "sugars" ] }
570a3d1f6d058f1900182d10
Beer
The first step, where the wort is prepared by mixing the starch source (normally malted barley) with hot water, is known as "mashing". Hot water (known as "liquor" in brewing terms) is mixed with crushed malt or malts (known as "grist") in a mash tun. The mashing process takes around 1 to 2 hours, during which the star...
What is it called when used grain is separated in the brewing process?
{ "answer_start": [ 692 ], "text": [ "wort separation" ] }
570a3e5b4103511400d595e4
Beer
The basic ingredients of beer are water; a starch source, such as malted barley, able to be saccharified (converted to sugars) then fermented (converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide); a brewer's yeast to produce the fermentation; and a flavouring such as hops. A mixture of starch sources may be used, with a secondar...
What causes fermentation during the brewing process when making a beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 198 ], "text": [ "yeast" ] }
570a3e5b4103511400d595e5
Beer
The basic ingredients of beer are water; a starch source, such as malted barley, able to be saccharified (converted to sugars) then fermented (converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide); a brewer's yeast to produce the fermentation; and a flavouring such as hops. A mixture of starch sources may be used, with a secondar...
Which ingredient gives beer its flavor?
{ "answer_start": [ 258 ], "text": [ "hops" ] }
570a3e5b4103511400d595e6
Beer
The basic ingredients of beer are water; a starch source, such as malted barley, able to be saccharified (converted to sugars) then fermented (converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide); a brewer's yeast to produce the fermentation; and a flavouring such as hops. A mixture of starch sources may be used, with a secondar...
What vegetable is sometimes used as a grain source for beer in Brazil?
{ "answer_start": [ 560 ], "text": [ "potato" ] }
570a3e5b4103511400d595e7
Beer
The basic ingredients of beer are water; a starch source, such as malted barley, able to be saccharified (converted to sugars) then fermented (converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide); a brewer's yeast to produce the fermentation; and a flavouring such as hops. A mixture of starch sources may be used, with a secondar...
What is a popular grain source for brewing beer in Mexico?
{ "answer_start": [ 582 ], "text": [ "agave" ] }
570a3e5b4103511400d595e8
Beer
The basic ingredients of beer are water; a starch source, such as malted barley, able to be saccharified (converted to sugars) then fermented (converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide); a brewer's yeast to produce the fermentation; and a flavouring such as hops. A mixture of starch sources may be used, with a secondar...
In a recipe, what would you call the list of each source of starch in beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 686 ], "text": [ "the grain bill" ] }
570a40346d058f1900182d16
Beer
The first historical mention of the use of hops in beer was from 822 AD in monastery rules written by Adalhard the Elder, also known as Adalard of Corbie, though the date normally given for widespread cultivation of hops for use in beer is the thirteenth century. Before the thirteenth century, and until the sixteenth c...
In what year were hops first known to be used in beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 65 ], "text": [ "822 AD" ] }
570a40346d058f1900182d17
Beer
The first historical mention of the use of hops in beer was from 822 AD in monastery rules written by Adalhard the Elder, also known as Adalard of Corbie, though the date normally given for widespread cultivation of hops for use in beer is the thirteenth century. Before the thirteenth century, and until the sixteenth c...
What name was Adalhard the Elder also known as in 822 AD?
{ "answer_start": [ 136 ], "text": [ "Adalard of Corbie" ] }
570a40346d058f1900182d18
Beer
The first historical mention of the use of hops in beer was from 822 AD in monastery rules written by Adalhard the Elder, also known as Adalard of Corbie, though the date normally given for widespread cultivation of hops for use in beer is the thirteenth century. Before the thirteenth century, and until the sixteenth c...
In which century were hops first widely cultivated for making beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 240 ], "text": [ "the thirteenth century" ] }
570a40346d058f1900182d19
Beer
The first historical mention of the use of hops in beer was from 822 AD in monastery rules written by Adalhard the Elder, also known as Adalard of Corbie, though the date normally given for widespread cultivation of hops for use in beer is the thirteenth century. Before the thirteenth century, and until the sixteenth c...
In which century did hops become the most popular flavoring for beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 305 ], "text": [ "the sixteenth century" ] }
570a40346d058f1900182d1a
Beer
The first historical mention of the use of hops in beer was from 822 AD in monastery rules written by Adalhard the Elder, also known as Adalard of Corbie, though the date normally given for widespread cultivation of hops for use in beer is the thirteenth century. Before the thirteenth century, and until the sixteenth c...
What would you call a mixture of ingredients used for brewing before the 16th century?
{ "answer_start": [ 593 ], "text": [ "gruit" ] }
570a41686d058f1900182d20
Beer
Stout and porter are dark beers made using roasted malts or roast barley, and typically brewed with slow fermenting yeast. There are a number of variations including Baltic porter, dry stout, and Imperial stout. The name Porter was first used in 1721 to describe a dark brown beer popular with the street and river porte...
In what year was the name Porter first used for a dark beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 246 ], "text": [ "1721" ] }
570a41686d058f1900182d21
Beer
Stout and porter are dark beers made using roasted malts or roast barley, and typically brewed with slow fermenting yeast. There are a number of variations including Baltic porter, dry stout, and Imperial stout. The name Porter was first used in 1721 to describe a dark brown beer popular with the street and river porte...
In what year was the name stout first used to describe a dark beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 431 ], "text": [ "1677" ] }
570a41686d058f1900182d22
Beer
Stout and porter are dark beers made using roasted malts or roast barley, and typically brewed with slow fermenting yeast. There are a number of variations including Baltic porter, dry stout, and Imperial stout. The name Porter was first used in 1721 to describe a dark brown beer popular with the street and river porte...
What do you call a dark beer that is brewed with roasted malts or barley?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Stout and porter" ] }
570a41686d058f1900182d23
Beer
Stout and porter are dark beers made using roasted malts or roast barley, and typically brewed with slow fermenting yeast. There are a number of variations including Baltic porter, dry stout, and Imperial stout. The name Porter was first used in 1721 to describe a dark brown beer popular with the street and river porte...
What type of yeast is used to make stout and porter beers?
{ "answer_start": [ 100 ], "text": [ "slow fermenting yeast" ] }
570a41686d058f1900182d24
Beer
Stout and porter are dark beers made using roasted malts or roast barley, and typically brewed with slow fermenting yeast. There are a number of variations including Baltic porter, dry stout, and Imperial stout. The name Porter was first used in 1721 to describe a dark brown beer popular with the street and river porte...
In what country was Porter beer popular in 1721?
{ "answer_start": [ 326 ], "text": [ "London" ] }
570a430c6d058f1900182d2a
Beer
Many beers are sold in cans, though there is considerable variation in the proportion between different countries. In Sweden in 2001, 63.9% of beer was sold in cans. People either drink from the can or pour the beer into a glass. A technology developed by Crown Holdings for the 2010 FIFA World Cup is the 'full aperture...
What percentage of beer was sold in cans in Sweden in 2001?
{ "answer_start": [ 134 ], "text": [ "63.9%" ] }
570a430c6d058f1900182d2b
Beer
Many beers are sold in cans, though there is considerable variation in the proportion between different countries. In Sweden in 2001, 63.9% of beer was sold in cans. People either drink from the can or pour the beer into a glass. A technology developed by Crown Holdings for the 2010 FIFA World Cup is the 'full aperture...
What company first created the full aperture can for beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 256 ], "text": [ "Crown Holdings" ] }
570a430c6d058f1900182d2c
Beer
Many beers are sold in cans, though there is considerable variation in the proportion between different countries. In Sweden in 2001, 63.9% of beer was sold in cans. People either drink from the can or pour the beer into a glass. A technology developed by Crown Holdings for the 2010 FIFA World Cup is the 'full aperture...
In what year did Crown holdings create a can with a removable lid for beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 279 ], "text": [ "2010" ] }
570a430c6d058f1900182d2d
Beer
Many beers are sold in cans, though there is considerable variation in the proportion between different countries. In Sweden in 2001, 63.9% of beer was sold in cans. People either drink from the can or pour the beer into a glass. A technology developed by Crown Holdings for the 2010 FIFA World Cup is the 'full aperture...
What is it called when light damages beer that is not in a can?
{ "answer_start": [ 488 ], "text": [ "\"skunked\" beer" ] }
570a430c6d058f1900182d2e
Beer
Many beers are sold in cans, though there is considerable variation in the proportion between different countries. In Sweden in 2001, 63.9% of beer was sold in cans. People either drink from the can or pour the beer into a glass. A technology developed by Crown Holdings for the 2010 FIFA World Cup is the 'full aperture...
What were cans originally believed to maintain in beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 645 ], "text": [ "quality" ] }
570a5b7e6d058f1900182d9c
Beer
The product claimed to be the strongest beer made is Schorschbräu's 2011 Schorschbock 57 with 57,5%. It was preceded by The End of History, a 55% Belgian ale, made by BrewDog in 2010. The same company had previously made Sink The Bismarck!, a 41% abv IPA, and Tactical Nuclear Penguin, a 32% abv Imperial stout. Each of ...
How much alcohol is in Schorschbock 57?
{ "answer_start": [ 94 ], "text": [ "57,5%" ] }
570a5b7e6d058f1900182d9d
Beer
The product claimed to be the strongest beer made is Schorschbräu's 2011 Schorschbock 57 with 57,5%. It was preceded by The End of History, a 55% Belgian ale, made by BrewDog in 2010. The same company had previously made Sink The Bismarck!, a 41% abv IPA, and Tactical Nuclear Penguin, a 32% abv Imperial stout. Each of ...
How much alcohol was in The End of History beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 142 ], "text": [ "55%" ] }
570a5b7e6d058f1900182d9e
Beer
The product claimed to be the strongest beer made is Schorschbräu's 2011 Schorschbock 57 with 57,5%. It was preceded by The End of History, a 55% Belgian ale, made by BrewDog in 2010. The same company had previously made Sink The Bismarck!, a 41% abv IPA, and Tactical Nuclear Penguin, a 32% abv Imperial stout. Each of ...
What company made The End of History beer in 2010?
{ "answer_start": [ 167 ], "text": [ "BrewDog" ] }
570a5b7e6d058f1900182d9f
Beer
The product claimed to be the strongest beer made is Schorschbräu's 2011 Schorschbock 57 with 57,5%. It was preceded by The End of History, a 55% Belgian ale, made by BrewDog in 2010. The same company had previously made Sink The Bismarck!, a 41% abv IPA, and Tactical Nuclear Penguin, a 32% abv Imperial stout. Each of ...
What is a strong ale called when it is frozen partially, and then the ice is removed again and again?
{ "answer_start": [ 369 ], "text": [ "fractional freezing" ] }
570a5b7e6d058f1900182da0
Beer
The product claimed to be the strongest beer made is Schorschbräu's 2011 Schorschbock 57 with 57,5%. It was preceded by The End of History, a 55% Belgian ale, made by BrewDog in 2010. The same company had previously made Sink The Bismarck!, a 41% abv IPA, and Tactical Nuclear Penguin, a 32% abv Imperial stout. Each of ...
How much alcohol was contained in the beer Sink The Bismarck?
{ "answer_start": [ 243 ], "text": [ "41%" ] }
570a5cad6d058f1900182db0
Beer
Most beers are cleared of yeast by filtering when packaged in bottles and cans. However, bottle conditioned beers retain some yeast—either by being unfiltered, or by being filtered and then reseeded with fresh yeast. It is usually recommended that the beer be poured slowly, leaving any yeast sediment at the bottom of t...
What kind of containers are used for bottle conditioned beers?
{ "answer_start": [ 656 ], "text": [ "Glass bottles" ] }
570a5cad6d058f1900182db1
Beer
Most beers are cleared of yeast by filtering when packaged in bottles and cans. However, bottle conditioned beers retain some yeast—either by being unfiltered, or by being filtered and then reseeded with fresh yeast. It is usually recommended that the beer be poured slowly, leaving any yeast sediment at the bottom of t...
What do bottle conditioned beers contain that most fears do not?
{ "answer_start": [ 126 ], "text": [ "yeast" ] }
570a5cad6d058f1900182db2
Beer
Most beers are cleared of yeast by filtering when packaged in bottles and cans. However, bottle conditioned beers retain some yeast—either by being unfiltered, or by being filtered and then reseeded with fresh yeast. It is usually recommended that the beer be poured slowly, leaving any yeast sediment at the bottom of t...
What ingredient is filtered out of most beers when it is packaged in bottles and cans?
{ "answer_start": [ 126 ], "text": [ "yeast" ] }
570a5cad6d058f1900182db3
Beer
Most beers are cleared of yeast by filtering when packaged in bottles and cans. However, bottle conditioned beers retain some yeast—either by being unfiltered, or by being filtered and then reseeded with fresh yeast. It is usually recommended that the beer be poured slowly, leaving any yeast sediment at the bottom of t...
What are the recommendations for pouring bottle conditioned beers?
{ "answer_start": [ 267 ], "text": [ "slowly" ] }
570a5cad6d058f1900182db4
Beer
Most beers are cleared of yeast by filtering when packaged in bottles and cans. However, bottle conditioned beers retain some yeast—either by being unfiltered, or by being filtered and then reseeded with fresh yeast. It is usually recommended that the beer be poured slowly, leaving any yeast sediment at the bottom of t...
What type of bottle conditioned beer is customarily poured with the yeast in it?
{ "answer_start": [ 415 ], "text": [ "wheat beers" ] }
570a5da64103511400d5967e
Beer
It is considered that overeating and lack of muscle tone is the main cause of a beer belly, rather than beer consumption. A 2004 study, however, found a link between binge drinking and a beer belly. But with most overconsumption, it is more a problem of improper exercise and overconsumption of carbohydrates than the pr...
In addition to a lack of muscle tone, what is believed to be the main cause of the beer belly?
{ "answer_start": [ 22 ], "text": [ "overeating" ] }
570a5da64103511400d5967f
Beer
It is considered that overeating and lack of muscle tone is the main cause of a beer belly, rather than beer consumption. A 2004 study, however, found a link between binge drinking and a beer belly. But with most overconsumption, it is more a problem of improper exercise and overconsumption of carbohydrates than the pr...
What condition was attributed to binge drinking in a 2004 study?
{ "answer_start": [ 187 ], "text": [ "beer belly" ] }
570a5da64103511400d59680
Beer
It is considered that overeating and lack of muscle tone is the main cause of a beer belly, rather than beer consumption. A 2004 study, however, found a link between binge drinking and a beer belly. But with most overconsumption, it is more a problem of improper exercise and overconsumption of carbohydrates than the pr...
What is believed to be the glycemic index in beer?
{ "answer_start": [ 412 ], "text": [ "110" ] }
570a5da64103511400d59681
Beer
It is considered that overeating and lack of muscle tone is the main cause of a beer belly, rather than beer consumption. A 2004 study, however, found a link between binge drinking and a beer belly. But with most overconsumption, it is more a problem of improper exercise and overconsumption of carbohydrates than the pr...
What is the glycemic index in maltose?
{ "answer_start": [ 412 ], "text": [ "110" ] }