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570d307eb3d812140066d51e
Macintosh
Jobs stated during the Macintosh's introduction "we expect Macintosh to become the third industry standard", after the Apple II and IBM PC. Although outselling every other computer, it did not meet expectations during the first year, especially among business customers. Only about ten applications including MacWrite an...
How many applications were widely available during Macintosh's introduction?
{ "answer_start": [ 271 ], "text": [ "Only about ten" ] }
570d307eb3d812140066d51f
Macintosh
Jobs stated during the Macintosh's introduction "we expect Macintosh to become the third industry standard", after the Apple II and IBM PC. Although outselling every other computer, it did not meet expectations during the first year, especially among business customers. Only about ten applications including MacWrite an...
How many companies did Apple promise were develping products for the new computer?
{ "answer_start": [ 455 ], "text": [ "79" ] }
570d307eb3d812140066d520
Macintosh
Jobs stated during the Macintosh's introduction "we expect Macintosh to become the third industry standard", after the Apple II and IBM PC. Although outselling every other computer, it did not meet expectations during the first year, especially among business customers. Only about ten applications including MacWrite an...
How many Macintoshes had Apple sold after one year?
{ "answer_start": [ 762 ], "text": [ "280,000" ] }
570d307eb3d812140066d521
Macintosh
Jobs stated during the Macintosh's introduction "we expect Macintosh to become the third industry standard", after the Apple II and IBM PC. Although outselling every other computer, it did not meet expectations during the first year, especially among business customers. Only about ten applications including MacWrite an...
How many databases did Apple have available the first year?
{ "answer_start": [ 703 ], "text": [ "two" ] }
570d3164fed7b91900d45ced
Macintosh
Updated Motorola CPUs made a faster machine possible, and in 1987 Apple took advantage of the new Motorola technology and introduced the Macintosh II at $5500, powered by a 16 MHz Motorola 68020 processor. The primary improvement in the Macintosh II was Color QuickDraw in ROM, a color version of the graphics language w...
Whose technology did Apple take advantage of when introducing the Macintosh II?
{ "answer_start": [ 98 ], "text": [ "Motorola" ] }
570d3164fed7b91900d45cee
Macintosh
Updated Motorola CPUs made a faster machine possible, and in 1987 Apple took advantage of the new Motorola technology and introduced the Macintosh II at $5500, powered by a 16 MHz Motorola 68020 processor. The primary improvement in the Macintosh II was Color QuickDraw in ROM, a color version of the graphics language w...
What powered the Macintosh II?
{ "answer_start": [ 171 ], "text": [ "a 16 MHz Motorola 68020 processor" ] }
570d3164fed7b91900d45cef
Macintosh
Updated Motorola CPUs made a faster machine possible, and in 1987 Apple took advantage of the new Motorola technology and introduced the Macintosh II at $5500, powered by a 16 MHz Motorola 68020 processor. The primary improvement in the Macintosh II was Color QuickDraw in ROM, a color version of the graphics language w...
How much did the Macintosh II sell for?
{ "answer_start": [ 153 ], "text": [ "$5500" ] }
570d3164fed7b91900d45cf0
Macintosh
Updated Motorola CPUs made a faster machine possible, and in 1987 Apple took advantage of the new Motorola technology and introduced the Macintosh II at $5500, powered by a 16 MHz Motorola 68020 processor. The primary improvement in the Macintosh II was Color QuickDraw in ROM, a color version of the graphics language w...
What marked the start of a new direction for Macintosh?
{ "answer_start": [ 486 ], "text": [ "The Macintosh II" ] }
570d3164fed7b91900d45cf1
Macintosh
Updated Motorola CPUs made a faster machine possible, and in 1987 Apple took advantage of the new Motorola technology and introduced the Macintosh II at $5500, powered by a 16 MHz Motorola 68020 processor. The primary improvement in the Macintosh II was Color QuickDraw in ROM, a color version of the graphics language w...
What was the Macintosh II's new modular design similar to?
{ "answer_start": [ 738 ], "text": [ "the IBM PC" ] }
570d32d5b3d812140066d531
Macintosh
Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990, and according to a common saying at the time "Windows was not as good as Macintosh, but it was good enough for the average user". Though still a graphical wrapper that relied upon MS-DOS, 3.0 was the first iteration of Windows which had a feature set and performance compa...
When Microsfot Windows 3.0 was released, what was it commonly said to not be as good as?
{ "answer_start": [ 121 ], "text": [ "Macintosh" ] }
570d32d5b3d812140066d532
Macintosh
Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990, and according to a common saying at the time "Windows was not as good as Macintosh, but it was good enough for the average user". Though still a graphical wrapper that relied upon MS-DOS, 3.0 was the first iteration of Windows which had a feature set and performance compa...
Who was Microsoft Windows 3.0 commonly said to be good enough for?
{ "answer_start": [ 159 ], "text": [ "the average user" ] }
570d32d5b3d812140066d533
Macintosh
Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990, and according to a common saying at the time "Windows was not as good as Macintosh, but it was good enough for the average user". Though still a graphical wrapper that relied upon MS-DOS, 3.0 was the first iteration of Windows which had a feature set and performance compa...
What was responsible for the drop in Apple's margins in 1989?
{ "answer_start": [ 539 ], "text": [ "a component shortage" ] }
570d32d5b3d812140066d534
Macintosh
Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990, and according to a common saying at the time "Windows was not as good as Macintosh, but it was good enough for the average user". Though still a graphical wrapper that relied upon MS-DOS, 3.0 was the first iteration of Windows which had a feature set and performance compa...
Who made the decision in 1989 to cut prices on Mac computers?
{ "answer_start": [ 629 ], "text": [ "Apple USA head Allan Loren" ] }
570d32d5b3d812140066d535
Macintosh
Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990, and according to a common saying at the time "Windows was not as good as Macintosh, but it was good enough for the average user". Though still a graphical wrapper that relied upon MS-DOS, 3.0 was the first iteration of Windows which had a feature set and performance compa...
What was Microsoft Windows 3.0's performance comparable to?
{ "answer_start": [ 353 ], "text": [ "Macintosh platform" ] }
570d34b3fed7b91900d45d0b
Macintosh
Intel had tried unsuccessfully to push Apple to migrate the Macintosh platform to Intel chips. Apple concluded that Intel's CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) architecture ultimately would not be able to compete against RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) processors. While the Motorola 68040 offered the same f...
What did Intel unsuccessfully try to push Apple to migrate to?
{ "answer_start": [ 82 ], "text": [ "Intel chips" ] }
570d34b3fed7b91900d45d0c
Macintosh
Intel had tried unsuccessfully to push Apple to migrate the Macintosh platform to Intel chips. Apple concluded that Intel's CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) architecture ultimately would not be able to compete against RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) processors. While the Motorola 68040 offered the same f...
Which platform did Apple choose to use?
{ "answer_start": [ 287 ], "text": [ "Motorola 68040" ] }
570d34b3fed7b91900d45d0d
Macintosh
Intel had tried unsuccessfully to push Apple to migrate the Macintosh platform to Intel chips. Apple concluded that Intel's CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) architecture ultimately would not be able to compete against RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) processors. While the Motorola 68040 offered the same f...
Who first rolled out Pentium processors in 1993?
{ "answer_start": [ 1299 ], "text": [ "Intel" ] }
570d34b3fed7b91900d45d0e
Macintosh
Intel had tried unsuccessfully to push Apple to migrate the Macintosh platform to Intel chips. Apple concluded that Intel's CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) architecture ultimately would not be able to compete against RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) processors. While the Motorola 68040 offered the same f...
How far behind was Macintosh set back compared to the new IBM compatibles?
{ "answer_start": [ 1444 ], "text": [ "a generation" ] }
570d34b3fed7b91900d45d0f
Macintosh
Intel had tried unsuccessfully to push Apple to migrate the Macintosh platform to Intel chips. Apple concluded that Intel's CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) architecture ultimately would not be able to compete against RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) processors. While the Motorola 68040 offered the same f...
When did Apple abandon Motorola CPU's?
{ "answer_start": [ 1513 ], "text": [ "1994" ] }
570d35c0fed7b91900d45d15
Macintosh
In 1998, Apple introduced its new iMac which, like the original 128K Mac, was an all-in-one computer. Its translucent plastic case, originally Bondi blue and later various additional colors, is considered an industrial design landmark of the late 1990s. The iMac did away with most of Apple's standard (and usually propr...
What color was Apples new iMac, which was introduced in 1998?
{ "answer_start": [ 143 ], "text": [ "Bondi blue" ] }
570d35c0fed7b91900d45d16
Macintosh
In 1998, Apple introduced its new iMac which, like the original 128K Mac, was an all-in-one computer. Its translucent plastic case, originally Bondi blue and later various additional colors, is considered an industrial design landmark of the late 1990s. The iMac did away with most of Apple's standard (and usually propr...
What did the iMac replace most of Apple's standard connections with?
{ "answer_start": [ 375 ], "text": [ "two USB ports" ] }
570d35c0fed7b91900d45d17
Macintosh
In 1998, Apple introduced its new iMac which, like the original 128K Mac, was an all-in-one computer. Its translucent plastic case, originally Bondi blue and later various additional colors, is considered an industrial design landmark of the late 1990s. The iMac did away with most of Apple's standard (and usually propr...
What did the iMac replace the floppy disk drive with?
{ "answer_start": [ 427 ], "text": [ "a CD-ROM drive" ] }
570d35c0fed7b91900d45d18
Macintosh
In 1998, Apple introduced its new iMac which, like the original 128K Mac, was an all-in-one computer. Its translucent plastic case, originally Bondi blue and later various additional colors, is considered an industrial design landmark of the late 1990s. The iMac did away with most of Apple's standard (and usually propr...
What did the iMac need to use in order to write CDs or other media?
{ "answer_start": [ 526 ], "text": [ "external third-party hardware" ] }
570d35c0fed7b91900d45d19
Macintosh
In 1998, Apple introduced its new iMac which, like the original 128K Mac, was an all-in-one computer. Its translucent plastic case, originally Bondi blue and later various additional colors, is considered an industrial design landmark of the late 1990s. The iMac did away with most of Apple's standard (and usually propr...
How many iMac units sold in the first 139 days?
{ "answer_start": [ 609 ], "text": [ "800,000" ] }
570d3734fed7b91900d45d29
Macintosh
Apple discontinued the use of PowerPC microprocessors in 2006. At WWDC 2005, Steve Jobs announced this transition, revealing that Mac OS X was always developed to run on both the Intel and PowerPC architectures. All new Macs now use x86 processors made by Intel, and some were renamed as a result. Intel-based Macs runni...
When did Apple discontinue the use of PowerPC microprocessors?
{ "answer_start": [ 57 ], "text": [ "2006" ] }
570d3734fed7b91900d45d2a
Macintosh
Apple discontinued the use of PowerPC microprocessors in 2006. At WWDC 2005, Steve Jobs announced this transition, revealing that Mac OS X was always developed to run on both the Intel and PowerPC architectures. All new Macs now use x86 processors made by Intel, and some were renamed as a result. Intel-based Macs runni...
Who announced the capability to run Windows XP on an Intel-based Mac in 2006?
{ "answer_start": [ 779 ], "text": [ "a group of hackers" ] }
570d3734fed7b91900d45d2b
Macintosh
Apple discontinued the use of PowerPC microprocessors in 2006. At WWDC 2005, Steve Jobs announced this transition, revealing that Mac OS X was always developed to run on both the Intel and PowerPC architectures. All new Macs now use x86 processors made by Intel, and some were renamed as a result. Intel-based Macs runni...
How did hackers release their software for running Windows on Macs?
{ "answer_start": [ 936 ], "text": [ "for download on their website" ] }
570d3734fed7b91900d45d2c
Macintosh
Apple discontinued the use of PowerPC microprocessors in 2006. At WWDC 2005, Steve Jobs announced this transition, revealing that Mac OS X was always developed to run on both the Intel and PowerPC architectures. All new Macs now use x86 processors made by Intel, and some were renamed as a result. Intel-based Macs runni...
When did Apple announce software that would allow Windows XP to be run on Intel-based Macs?
{ "answer_start": [ 970 ], "text": [ "April 5, 2006" ] }
570d3734fed7b91900d45d2d
Macintosh
Apple discontinued the use of PowerPC microprocessors in 2006. At WWDC 2005, Steve Jobs announced this transition, revealing that Mac OS X was always developed to run on both the Intel and PowerPC architectures. All new Macs now use x86 processors made by Intel, and some were renamed as a result. Intel-based Macs runni...
What is the name of the software that Apple introduced for running Windows XP?
{ "answer_start": [ 1040 ], "text": [ "Boot Camp" ] }
570d3848fed7b91900d45d3d
Macintosh
Apple was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels. Macs did not natively support pointing devices that featured multiple buttons, even from third parties, until Mac OS X arrived in 2001. Apple continued to offer only single button mice, in both wired and Bluetooth wireless versions, ...
Who was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Apple" ] }
570d3848fed7b91900d45d3e
Macintosh
Apple was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels. Macs did not natively support pointing devices that featured multiple buttons, even from third parties, until Mac OS X arrived in 2001. Apple continued to offer only single button mice, in both wired and Bluetooth wireless versions, ...
What was the name of the 1st multiple button mouse introduced by Apple?
{ "answer_start": [ 362 ], "text": [ "Mighty Mouse" ] }
570d3848fed7b91900d45d3f
Macintosh
Apple was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels. Macs did not natively support pointing devices that featured multiple buttons, even from third parties, until Mac OS X arrived in 2001. Apple continued to offer only single button mice, in both wired and Bluetooth wireless versions, ...
How many buttons did the Mighty Mouse have?
{ "answer_start": [ 445 ], "text": [ "four" ] }
570d3848fed7b91900d45d40
Macintosh
Apple was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels. Macs did not natively support pointing devices that featured multiple buttons, even from third parties, until Mac OS X arrived in 2001. Apple continued to offer only single button mice, in both wired and Bluetooth wireless versions, ...
What did Apple introduce to take the place of a physical scroll wheel in 2009?
{ "answer_start": [ 629 ], "text": [ "multi-touch gesture recognition" ] }
570d3848fed7b91900d45d41
Macintosh
Apple was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels. Macs did not natively support pointing devices that featured multiple buttons, even from third parties, until Mac OS X arrived in 2001. Apple continued to offer only single button mice, in both wired and Bluetooth wireless versions, ...
What Apple mouse 1st used multi-touch gesture recognition?
{ "answer_start": [ 605 ], "text": [ "Magic Mouse" ] }
570d395db3d812140066d57f
Macintosh
Following the release of Intel-based Macs, third-party platform virtualization software such as Parallels Desktop, VMware Fusion, and VirtualBox began to emerge. These programs allow users to run Microsoft Windows or previously Windows-only software on Macs at near native speed. Apple also released Boot Camp and Mac-sp...
What type of software began to emerge following the release of Intel-based Macs?
{ "answer_start": [ 43 ], "text": [ "third-party platform virtualization" ] }
570d395db3d812140066d580
Macintosh
Following the release of Intel-based Macs, third-party platform virtualization software such as Parallels Desktop, VMware Fusion, and VirtualBox began to emerge. These programs allow users to run Microsoft Windows or previously Windows-only software on Macs at near native speed. Apple also released Boot Camp and Mac-sp...
At what speed do programs such as VirtualBox allow Microsoft Windows to run on Macs?
{ "answer_start": [ 258 ], "text": [ "at near native speed" ] }
570d395db3d812140066d581
Macintosh
Following the release of Intel-based Macs, third-party platform virtualization software such as Parallels Desktop, VMware Fusion, and VirtualBox began to emerge. These programs allow users to run Microsoft Windows or previously Windows-only software on Macs at near native speed. Apple also released Boot Camp and Mac-sp...
What is possible to run by using Boot camp, even though it is not condoned by Apple?
{ "answer_start": [ 495 ], "text": [ "the Linux operating system" ] }
570d395db3d812140066d582
Macintosh
Following the release of Intel-based Macs, third-party platform virtualization software such as Parallels Desktop, VMware Fusion, and VirtualBox began to emerge. These programs allow users to run Microsoft Windows or previously Windows-only software on Macs at near native speed. Apple also released Boot Camp and Mac-sp...
What do Macs lack that makes them unable to run many legacy PC operating systems?
{ "answer_start": [ 695 ], "text": [ "the A20 gate" ] }
570d3ac0fed7b91900d45d5b
Macintosh
Although the PC market declined, Apple still managed to ship 2.8 million MacBooks in Q2 2012 (the majority of which are the MacBook Air) compared to 500,000 total Ultrabooks, although there were dozens of Ultrabooks from various manufacturers on the market while Apple only offered 11-inch and 13-inch models of the MacB...
What has been the best-selling ultra-portable over Windows Ultrabooks in the U.S.?
{ "answer_start": [ 316 ], "text": [ "MacBook Air" ] }
570d3ac0fed7b91900d45d5c
Macintosh
Although the PC market declined, Apple still managed to ship 2.8 million MacBooks in Q2 2012 (the majority of which are the MacBook Air) compared to 500,000 total Ultrabooks, although there were dozens of Ultrabooks from various manufacturers on the market while Apple only offered 11-inch and 13-inch models of the MacB...
What earned the title as best all-around subnotebook/ultraportable?
{ "answer_start": [ 316 ], "text": [ "MacBook Air" ] }
570d3ac0fed7b91900d45d5d
Macintosh
Although the PC market declined, Apple still managed to ship 2.8 million MacBooks in Q2 2012 (the majority of which are the MacBook Air) compared to 500,000 total Ultrabooks, although there were dozens of Ultrabooks from various manufacturers on the market while Apple only offered 11-inch and 13-inch models of the MacB...
What did the Air receive before other PC manufacturers?
{ "answer_start": [ 833 ], "text": [ "Intel's latest CPUs" ] }
570d3ac0fed7b91900d45d5e
Macintosh
Although the PC market declined, Apple still managed to ship 2.8 million MacBooks in Q2 2012 (the majority of which are the MacBook Air) compared to 500,000 total Ultrabooks, although there were dozens of Ultrabooks from various manufacturers on the market while Apple only offered 11-inch and 13-inch models of the MacB...
Through 7/1/13, what percentage of all Ultrabook sales in the U.S. were MacBook Airs?
{ "answer_start": [ 991 ], "text": [ "56" ] }
570d3ac0fed7b91900d45d5f
Macintosh
Although the PC market declined, Apple still managed to ship 2.8 million MacBooks in Q2 2012 (the majority of which are the MacBook Air) compared to 500,000 total Ultrabooks, although there were dozens of Ultrabooks from various manufacturers on the market while Apple only offered 11-inch and 13-inch models of the MacB...
When was the competetive pricing of MacBooks especially effective?
{ "answer_start": [ 1258 ], "text": [ "when rivals charged more for seemingly equivalent Ultrabooks" ] }
570cfb92b3d812140066d37f
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be u...
What is another term for anti-aircraft warfare?
{ "answer_start": [ 25 ], "text": [ "counter-air defence" ] }
570cfb92b3d812140066d380
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be u...
NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare as measures to reduce what?
{ "answer_start": [ 111 ], "text": [ "the effectiveness of hostile air action" ] }
570cfb92b3d812140066d381
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be u...
Barrage balloons are an example of what type of weapons system?
{ "answer_start": [ 267 ], "text": [ "passive measures" ] }
570cfb92b3d812140066d382
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be u...
What is the primary effort been for most countries when it comes to anti-aircraft warfare?
{ "answer_start": [ 444 ], "text": [ "homeland defence" ] }
570cfb92b3d812140066d383
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be u...
What does NATO ascribe naval air defence as?
{ "answer_start": [ 539 ], "text": [ "anti-aircraft warfare" ] }
570d118ab3d812140066d3cb
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Non-English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO. In Rus...
What is the Russian term for air defence?
{ "answer_start": [ 182 ], "text": [ "Protivovozdushnaya oborona" ] }
570d118ab3d812140066d3cd
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Non-English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO. In Rus...
What are the AA systems called in Russian?
{ "answer_start": [ 351 ], "text": [ "zenitnye" ] }
570d118ab3d812140066d3cc
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Non-English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO. In Rus...
How is the Russian term for air defence abbreviated?
{ "answer_start": [ 309 ], "text": [ "PVO" ] }
570d118ab3d812140066d3ce
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Non-English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO. In Rus...
What is air defence called in French?
{ "answer_start": [ 452 ], "text": [ "DCA" ] }
570d118ab3d812140066d3cf
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Non-English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO. In Rus...
What is the generic term for an airplane or rocket in French?
{ "answer_start": [ 487 ], "text": [ "aéronef" ] }
570d3941fed7b91900d45d47
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s. Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system fo...
When were sensors initially developed?
{ "answer_start": [ 62 ], "text": [ "during the First World War" ] }
570d3941fed7b91900d45d48
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s. Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system fo...
Radar was supplemented by what in the 1980s?
{ "answer_start": [ 191 ], "text": [ "optronics" ] }
570d3941fed7b91900d45d49
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s. Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system fo...
What country created an integrated system for ADGB?
{ "answer_start": [ 281 ], "text": [ "Britain" ] }
570d3941fed7b91900d45d4a
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s. Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system fo...
What did the integrated system for ADGB link?
{ "answer_start": [ 339 ], "text": [ "the ground-based air defence of the army's AA Command" ] }
570d3941fed7b91900d45d4b
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s. Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system fo...
What agency stated that the arrangements were an air defence ground environment?
{ "answer_start": [ 473 ], "text": [ "NATO" ] }
570d3a3cfed7b91900d45d51
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The most extreme case was the Soviet Union, and this model may still be followed in some countries: it was a separate service, on a par with the navy or ground force. In the Soviet Union this was called Voyska PVO, and had both fighter aircraft and ground-based systems. This was divided into two arms, PVO Strany, the S...
Which country had the most severe case?
{ "answer_start": [ 30 ], "text": [ "Soviet Union" ] }
570d3a3cfed7b91900d45d52
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The most extreme case was the Soviet Union, and this model may still be followed in some countries: it was a separate service, on a par with the navy or ground force. In the Soviet Union this was called Voyska PVO, and had both fighter aircraft and ground-based systems. This was divided into two arms, PVO Strany, the S...
This separate service was known as what in the Soviet Union?
{ "answer_start": [ 203 ], "text": [ "Voyska PVO" ] }
570d3a3cfed7b91900d45d53
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The most extreme case was the Soviet Union, and this model may still be followed in some countries: it was a separate service, on a par with the navy or ground force. In the Soviet Union this was called Voyska PVO, and had both fighter aircraft and ground-based systems. This was divided into two arms, PVO Strany, the S...
What two systems did Voyska PVO have?
{ "answer_start": [ 228 ], "text": [ "fighter aircraft and ground-based systems" ] }
570d3a3cfed7b91900d45d54
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The most extreme case was the Soviet Union, and this model may still be followed in some countries: it was a separate service, on a par with the navy or ground force. In the Soviet Union this was called Voyska PVO, and had both fighter aircraft and ground-based systems. This was divided into two arms, PVO Strany, the S...
What year did the PVO Strany become independent?
{ "answer_start": [ 449 ], "text": [ "1954" ] }
570d3a3cfed7b91900d45d55
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The most extreme case was the Soviet Union, and this model may still be followed in some countries: it was a separate service, on a par with the navy or ground force. In the Soviet Union this was called Voyska PVO, and had both fighter aircraft and ground-based systems. This was divided into two arms, PVO Strany, the S...
What was the arm that was the Air Defence of the Ground Forces?
{ "answer_start": [ 459 ], "text": [ "PVO SV" ] }
570d3b05b3d812140066d59b
Anti-aircraft_warfare
On 30 September 1915, troops of the Serbian Army observed three enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac. Soldiers shot at them with shotguns and machine-guns but failed to prevent them from dropping 45 bombs over the city, hitting military installations, the railway station and many other, mostly civilian, targets in the...
When did Serbian troops notice enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac?
{ "answer_start": [ 3 ], "text": [ "30 September 1915" ] }
570d3b05b3d812140066d59c
Anti-aircraft_warfare
On 30 September 1915, troops of the Serbian Army observed three enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac. Soldiers shot at them with shotguns and machine-guns but failed to prevent them from dropping 45 bombs over the city, hitting military installations, the railway station and many other, mostly civilian, targets in the...
How many bombs did the three aircraft drop on the city?
{ "answer_start": [ 197 ], "text": [ "45" ] }
570d3b05b3d812140066d59d
Anti-aircraft_warfare
On 30 September 1915, troops of the Serbian Army observed three enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac. Soldiers shot at them with shotguns and machine-guns but failed to prevent them from dropping 45 bombs over the city, hitting military installations, the railway station and many other, mostly civilian, targets in the...
Which private shot down one aircraft with a cannon?
{ "answer_start": [ 360 ], "text": [ "Radoje Ljutovac" ] }
570d3b05b3d812140066d59e
Anti-aircraft_warfare
On 30 September 1915, troops of the Serbian Army observed three enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac. Soldiers shot at them with shotguns and machine-guns but failed to prevent them from dropping 45 bombs over the city, hitting military installations, the railway station and many other, mostly civilian, targets in the...
What happened to the pilots that were in the aircraft shot down?
{ "answer_start": [ 474 ], "text": [ "both pilots died" ] }
570d3b05b3d812140066d59f
Anti-aircraft_warfare
On 30 September 1915, troops of the Serbian Army observed three enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac. Soldiers shot at them with shotguns and machine-guns but failed to prevent them from dropping 45 bombs over the city, hitting military installations, the railway station and many other, mostly civilian, targets in the...
Which war was the cannon used in prior to this event?
{ "answer_start": [ 641 ], "text": [ "First Balkan War in 1912" ] }
570d3c44b3d812140066d5b9
Anti-aircraft_warfare
AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as the...
What was the problem with AA gunnery?
{ "answer_start": [ 56 ], "text": [ "successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position" ] }
570d3c44b3d812140066d5ba
Anti-aircraft_warfare
AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as the...
Different things could affect what with the shell?
{ "answer_start": [ 175 ], "text": [ "predicted trajectory" ] }
570d3c44b3d812140066d5bb
Anti-aircraft_warfare
AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as the...
What was updated on the gunsight as a target moved?
{ "answer_start": [ 236 ], "text": [ "'off-set' angles for range and elevation" ] }
570d3c44b3d812140066d5bc
Anti-aircraft_warfare
AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as the...
Where was the barrel pointed when the sights were on a target?
{ "answer_start": [ 414 ], "text": [ "the target's future position" ] }
570d3c44b3d812140066d5bd
Anti-aircraft_warfare
AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as the...
What two things figured the fuse length?
{ "answer_start": [ 444 ], "text": [ "Range and height of the target" ] }
570d3e82fed7b91900d45d83
Anti-aircraft_warfare
World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particu...
What showed that aircraft could be a significant contribution to the battlefield?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "World War I" ] }
570d3e82fed7b91900d45d84
Anti-aircraft_warfare
World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particu...
In addition to Zeppelins, what attacked London for four years with air attacks?
{ "answer_start": [ 291 ], "text": [ "Gotha G.V bombers" ] }
570d3e82fed7b91900d45d85
Anti-aircraft_warfare
World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particu...
The four year air attack was instrumental in Britain forming what?
{ "answer_start": [ 399 ], "text": [ "an independent air force" ] }
570d3e82fed7b91900d45d86
Anti-aircraft_warfare
World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particu...
The future of aircraft in war situations was important because of the growth in what two areas?
{ "answer_start": [ 558 ], "text": [ "their range and weapon load" ] }
570d3e82fed7b91900d45d87
Anti-aircraft_warfare
World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particu...
Where were most of the nations who had the strongest military after World War I?
{ "answer_start": [ 709 ], "text": [ "Europe" ] }
570d3f2ffed7b91900d45d95
Anti-aircraft_warfare
From the early 1930s eight countries developed radar, these developments were sufficiently advanced by the late 1930s for development work on sound locating acoustic devices to be generally halted, although equipment was retained. Furthermore, in Britain the volunteer Observer Corps formed in 1925 provided a network of...
How many different countries developed radar starting in the 1930s?
{ "answer_start": [ 21 ], "text": [ "eight" ] }
570d3f2ffed7b91900d45d96
Anti-aircraft_warfare
From the early 1930s eight countries developed radar, these developments were sufficiently advanced by the late 1930s for development work on sound locating acoustic devices to be generally halted, although equipment was retained. Furthermore, in Britain the volunteer Observer Corps formed in 1925 provided a network of...
Where was the Observer Corps based?
{ "answer_start": [ 247 ], "text": [ "Britain" ] }
570d3f2ffed7b91900d45d97
Anti-aircraft_warfare
From the early 1930s eight countries developed radar, these developments were sufficiently advanced by the late 1930s for development work on sound locating acoustic devices to be generally halted, although equipment was retained. Furthermore, in Britain the volunteer Observer Corps formed in 1925 provided a network of...
When was the Observer Corps formed?
{ "answer_start": [ 294 ], "text": [ "1925" ] }
570d3f2ffed7b91900d45d98
Anti-aircraft_warfare
From the early 1930s eight countries developed radar, these developments were sufficiently advanced by the late 1930s for development work on sound locating acoustic devices to be generally halted, although equipment was retained. Furthermore, in Britain the volunteer Observer Corps formed in 1925 provided a network of...
What did the Observer Corps observe and report on?
{ "answer_start": [ 349 ], "text": [ "hostile aircraft flying over Britain" ] }
570d3f2ffed7b91900d45d99
Anti-aircraft_warfare
From the early 1930s eight countries developed radar, these developments were sufficiently advanced by the late 1930s for development work on sound locating acoustic devices to be generally halted, although equipment was retained. Furthermore, in Britain the volunteer Observer Corps formed in 1925 provided a network of...
What was originally used to see hostile aircraft approaching?
{ "answer_start": [ 397 ], "text": [ "radar" ] }
570d4027b3d812140066d5e9
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Until this time the British, at RAF insistence, continued their World War I use of machine guns, and introduced twin MG mountings for AAAD. The army was forbidden from considering anything larger than .50-inch. However, in 1935 their trials showed that the minimum effective round was an impact fused 2 lb HE shell. The ...
Who wanted the British to keep using machine guns in World War I?
{ "answer_start": [ 32 ], "text": [ "RAF" ] }
570d4027b3d812140066d5ea
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Until this time the British, at RAF insistence, continued their World War I use of machine guns, and introduced twin MG mountings for AAAD. The army was forbidden from considering anything larger than .50-inch. However, in 1935 their trials showed that the minimum effective round was an impact fused 2 lb HE shell. The ...
The military was not allowed to use anything that was bigger than what?
{ "answer_start": [ 201 ], "text": [ ".50-inch" ] }
570d4027b3d812140066d5eb
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Until this time the British, at RAF insistence, continued their World War I use of machine guns, and introduced twin MG mountings for AAAD. The army was forbidden from considering anything larger than .50-inch. However, in 1935 their trials showed that the minimum effective round was an impact fused 2 lb HE shell. The ...
What was determined to be the smallest effective round in 1935?
{ "answer_start": [ 285 ], "text": [ "an impact fused 2 lb HE shell" ] }
570d4027b3d812140066d5ec
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Until this time the British, at RAF insistence, continued their World War I use of machine guns, and introduced twin MG mountings for AAAD. The army was forbidden from considering anything larger than .50-inch. However, in 1935 their trials showed that the minimum effective round was an impact fused 2 lb HE shell. The ...
What was lighter than the water-cooled pom-pom?
{ "answer_start": [ 441 ], "text": [ "The air-cooled Bofors" ] }
570d4027b3d812140066d5ed
Anti-aircraft_warfare
Until this time the British, at RAF insistence, continued their World War I use of machine guns, and introduced twin MG mountings for AAAD. The army was forbidden from considering anything larger than .50-inch. However, in 1935 their trials showed that the minimum effective round was an impact fused 2 lb HE shell. The ...
What is the Kerrison Predictor's official name?
{ "answer_start": [ 599 ], "text": [ "The Predictor AA No 3" ] }
570d410afed7b91900d45db3
Anti-aircraft_warfare
During the 1930s solid fuel rockets were under development in the Soviet Union and Britain. In Britain the interest was for anti-aircraft fire, it quickly became clear that guidance would be required for precision. However, rockets, or 'unrotated projectiles' as they were called could the used for anti-aircraft barrage...
What was under development in both the Soviet Union and Britain in the 1930s?
{ "answer_start": [ 17 ], "text": [ "solid fuel rockets" ] }
570d410afed7b91900d45db4
Anti-aircraft_warfare
During the 1930s solid fuel rockets were under development in the Soviet Union and Britain. In Britain the interest was for anti-aircraft fire, it quickly became clear that guidance would be required for precision. However, rockets, or 'unrotated projectiles' as they were called could the used for anti-aircraft barrage...
Why was Britain mainly interested in solid fuel rockets?
{ "answer_start": [ 120 ], "text": [ "for anti-aircraft fire" ] }
570d410afed7b91900d45db5
Anti-aircraft_warfare
During the 1930s solid fuel rockets were under development in the Soviet Union and Britain. In Britain the interest was for anti-aircraft fire, it quickly became clear that guidance would be required for precision. However, rockets, or 'unrotated projectiles' as they were called could the used for anti-aircraft barrage...
What were rockets called at this time?
{ "answer_start": [ 237 ], "text": [ "unrotated projectiles" ] }
570d410afed7b91900d45db6
Anti-aircraft_warfare
During the 1930s solid fuel rockets were under development in the Soviet Union and Britain. In Britain the interest was for anti-aircraft fire, it quickly became clear that guidance would be required for precision. However, rockets, or 'unrotated projectiles' as they were called could the used for anti-aircraft barrage...
How big was the rocket that was introduced to handle dive bombing attacks?
{ "answer_start": [ 325 ], "text": [ "2-inch" ] }
570d410afed7b91900d45db7
Anti-aircraft_warfare
During the 1930s solid fuel rockets were under development in the Soviet Union and Britain. In Britain the interest was for anti-aircraft fire, it quickly became clear that guidance would be required for precision. However, rockets, or 'unrotated projectiles' as they were called could the used for anti-aircraft barrage...
What size rocket was being developed at the end of the war?
{ "answer_start": [ 484 ], "text": [ "3-inch" ] }
570d43f9fed7b91900d45deb
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The British had already arranged licence building of the Bofors 40 mm, and introduced these into service. These had the power to knock down aircraft of any size, yet were light enough to be mobile and easily swung. The gun became so important to the British war effort that they even produced a movie, The Gun, that enco...
What did the British get a license to build?
{ "answer_start": [ 53 ], "text": [ "the Bofors 40 mm" ] }
570d43f9fed7b91900d45dec
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The British had already arranged licence building of the Bofors 40 mm, and introduced these into service. These had the power to knock down aircraft of any size, yet were light enough to be mobile and easily swung. The gun became so important to the British war effort that they even produced a movie, The Gun, that enco...
While light, the Bofors 40mm were powerful enough to take down what size aircraft?
{ "answer_start": [ 140 ], "text": [ "aircraft of any size" ] }
570d43f9fed7b91900d45ded
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The British had already arranged licence building of the Bofors 40 mm, and introduced these into service. These had the power to knock down aircraft of any size, yet were light enough to be mobile and easily swung. The gun became so important to the British war effort that they even produced a movie, The Gun, that enco...
What was produced to inspire people on the assembly line to work harder?
{ "answer_start": [ 293 ], "text": [ "a movie" ] }
570d43f9fed7b91900d45dee
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The British had already arranged licence building of the Bofors 40 mm, and introduced these into service. These had the power to knock down aircraft of any size, yet were light enough to be mobile and easily swung. The gun became so important to the British war effort that they even produced a movie, The Gun, that enco...
What was the movie made to inspire assembly line workers called?
{ "answer_start": [ 302 ], "text": [ "The Gun" ] }
570d43f9fed7b91900d45def
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The British had already arranged licence building of the Bofors 40 mm, and introduced these into service. These had the power to knock down aircraft of any size, yet were light enough to be mobile and easily swung. The gun became so important to the British war effort that they even produced a movie, The Gun, that enco...
Who started making an unlicensed version of the 40mm at the beginning of the war?
{ "answer_start": [ 464 ], "text": [ "Americans" ] }
570d4501b3d812140066d607
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy aircraft, particularly bombers, usually relying on high speed and altitude capabilities. A number of jet interceptors such as the F-102 Delta Dagger, the F-106 Delta Dart, and the MiG-25 w...
What kind of aircraft is used to intercept and destroy other aircraft?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "The interceptor aircraft" ] }
570d4501b3d812140066d608
Anti-aircraft_warfare
The interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy aircraft, particularly bombers, usually relying on high speed and altitude capabilities. A number of jet interceptors such as the F-102 Delta Dagger, the F-106 Delta Dart, and the MiG-25 w...
What particular aircraft did the interceptor target most?
{ "answer_start": [ 155 ], "text": [ "bombers" ] }