id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5727e149ff5b5019007d9768 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On November 13, 1988, approximately 10,000 people attended an officially sanctioned meeting organized by the cultural heritage organization Spadschyna, the Kyiv University student club Hromada, and the environmental groups Zelenyi Svit ("Green World") and Noosfera, to focus on ecological issues. From November 14–18, 15... | What is the English translation of Zelenyi Svit? | {
"answer_start": [
238
],
"text": [
"Green World"
]
} |
5727e149ff5b5019007d9769 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On November 13, 1988, approximately 10,000 people attended an officially sanctioned meeting organized by the cultural heritage organization Spadschyna, the Kyiv University student club Hromada, and the environmental groups Zelenyi Svit ("Green World") and Noosfera, to focus on ecological issues. From November 14–18, 15... | What sort of issues were Zenlenyi Svit and Noosfera concerned with? | {
"answer_start": [
278
],
"text": [
"ecological"
]
} |
5727e149ff5b5019007d976a | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On November 13, 1988, approximately 10,000 people attended an officially sanctioned meeting organized by the cultural heritage organization Spadschyna, the Kyiv University student club Hromada, and the environmental groups Zelenyi Svit ("Green World") and Noosfera, to focus on ecological issues. From November 14–18, 15... | What sort of organization is Spadschnyna? | {
"answer_start": [
109
],
"text": [
"cultural heritage"
]
} |
5727e149ff5b5019007d976b | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On November 13, 1988, approximately 10,000 people attended an officially sanctioned meeting organized by the cultural heritage organization Spadschyna, the Kyiv University student club Hromada, and the environmental groups Zelenyi Svit ("Green World") and Noosfera, to focus on ecological issues. From November 14–18, 15... | What did people gather to observe on December 10th? | {
"answer_start": [
644
],
"text": [
"International Human Rights Day"
]
} |
5727e3e82ca10214002d98b6 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The Partyja BPF (Belarusian Popular Front) was established in 1988 as a political party and cultural movement for democracy and independence, à la the Baltic republics’ popular fronts. The discovery of mass graves in Kurapaty outside Minsk by historian Zianon Pazniak, the Belarusian Popular Front’s first leader, gave a... | When did The Partyja BDF start? | {
"answer_start": [
62
],
"text": [
"1988"
]
} |
5727e3e82ca10214002d98b7 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The Partyja BPF (Belarusian Popular Front) was established in 1988 as a political party and cultural movement for democracy and independence, à la the Baltic republics’ popular fronts. The discovery of mass graves in Kurapaty outside Minsk by historian Zianon Pazniak, the Belarusian Popular Front’s first leader, gave a... | Who found mass graves? | {
"answer_start": [
253
],
"text": [
"Zianon Pazniak"
]
} |
5727e3e82ca10214002d98b8 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The Partyja BPF (Belarusian Popular Front) was established in 1988 as a political party and cultural movement for democracy and independence, à la the Baltic republics’ popular fronts. The discovery of mass graves in Kurapaty outside Minsk by historian Zianon Pazniak, the Belarusian Popular Front’s first leader, gave a... | What is Pazniak's occupation? | {
"answer_start": [
243
],
"text": [
"historian"
]
} |
5727e3e82ca10214002d98b9 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The Partyja BPF (Belarusian Popular Front) was established in 1988 as a political party and cultural movement for democracy and independence, à la the Baltic republics’ popular fronts. The discovery of mass graves in Kurapaty outside Minsk by historian Zianon Pazniak, the Belarusian Popular Front’s first leader, gave a... | Where were the graves found? | {
"answer_start": [
217
],
"text": [
"Kurapaty"
]
} |
5727e3e82ca10214002d98ba | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The Partyja BPF (Belarusian Popular Front) was established in 1988 as a political party and cultural movement for democracy and independence, à la the Baltic republics’ popular fronts. The discovery of mass graves in Kurapaty outside Minsk by historian Zianon Pazniak, the Belarusian Popular Front’s first leader, gave a... | In addition to the police who did the BDF often have conflicts with? | {
"answer_start": [
604
],
"text": [
"KGB"
]
} |
5727e4a64b864d1900163f70 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Spring 1989 saw the people of the Soviet Union exercising a democratic choice, albeit limited, for the first time since 1917, when they elected the new Congress of People's Deputies. Just as important was the uncensored live TV coverage of the legislature's deliberations, where people witnessed the previously feared Co... | What was elected in 1989? | {
"answer_start": [
148
],
"text": [
"new Congress of People's Deputies"
]
} |
5727e4a64b864d1900163f71 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Spring 1989 saw the people of the Soviet Union exercising a democratic choice, albeit limited, for the first time since 1917, when they elected the new Congress of People's Deputies. Just as important was the uncensored live TV coverage of the legislature's deliberations, where people witnessed the previously feared Co... | Who was questioned on live TV? | {
"answer_start": [
318
],
"text": [
"Communist leadership"
]
} |
5727e4a64b864d1900163f72 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Spring 1989 saw the people of the Soviet Union exercising a democratic choice, albeit limited, for the first time since 1917, when they elected the new Congress of People's Deputies. Just as important was the uncensored live TV coverage of the legislature's deliberations, where people witnessed the previously feared Co... | Where was the Communist government overthrown first? | {
"answer_start": [
510
],
"text": [
"Warsaw"
]
} |
5727e4a64b864d1900163f73 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Spring 1989 saw the people of the Soviet Union exercising a democratic choice, albeit limited, for the first time since 1917, when they elected the new Congress of People's Deputies. Just as important was the uncensored live TV coverage of the legislature's deliberations, where people witnessed the previously feared Co... | When did the Berlin Wall get torn down? | {
"answer_start": [
646
],
"text": [
"1989"
]
} |
5727e4a64b864d1900163f74 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Spring 1989 saw the people of the Soviet Union exercising a democratic choice, albeit limited, for the first time since 1917, when they elected the new Congress of People's Deputies. Just as important was the uncensored live TV coverage of the legislature's deliberations, where people witnessed the previously feared Co... | What did Eastern European people want to do with communism? | {
"answer_start": [
842
],
"text": [
"abandon it"
]
} |
5727e58b4b864d1900163f84 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In the March 26 general elections, voter participation was an impressive 89.8%, and 1,958 (including 1,225 district seats) of the 2,250 CPD seats were filled. In district races, run-off elections were held in 76 constituencies on April 2 and 9 and fresh elections were organized on April 20 and 14 to May 23, in the 199 ... | What percentage of people voted on March 26? | {
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"89.8%"
]
} |
5727e58b4b864d1900163f85 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In the March 26 general elections, voter participation was an impressive 89.8%, and 1,958 (including 1,225 district seats) of the 2,250 CPD seats were filled. In district races, run-off elections were held in 76 constituencies on April 2 and 9 and fresh elections were organized on April 20 and 14 to May 23, in the 199 ... | How many constituencies had run-off elections? | {
"answer_start": [
209
],
"text": [
"76"
]
} |
5727e58b4b864d1900163f86 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In the March 26 general elections, voter participation was an impressive 89.8%, and 1,958 (including 1,225 district seats) of the 2,250 CPD seats were filled. In district races, run-off elections were held in 76 constituencies on April 2 and 9 and fresh elections were organized on April 20 and 14 to May 23, in the 199 ... | How many CPSU endorsement having candidates lost to independents? | {
"answer_start": [
450
],
"text": [
"more than 300"
]
} |
57280f144b864d190016435a | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In the first session of the new Congress of People's Deputies, from May 25 to June 9, hardliners retained control but reformers used the legislature as a platform for debate and criticism – which was broadcast live and uncensored. This transfixed the population; nothing like this freewheeling debate had ever been witne... | Who used the legislative session to debate and criticize? | {
"answer_start": [
118
],
"text": [
"reformers"
]
} |
57280f144b864d190016435b | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In the first session of the new Congress of People's Deputies, from May 25 to June 9, hardliners retained control but reformers used the legislature as a platform for debate and criticism – which was broadcast live and uncensored. This transfixed the population; nothing like this freewheeling debate had ever been witne... | Who made up the Inter-Regional Deputies Group? | {
"answer_start": [
505
],
"text": [
"Russian nationalists and liberals."
]
} |
57280f144b864d190016435c | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In the first session of the new Congress of People's Deputies, from May 25 to June 9, hardliners retained control but reformers used the legislature as a platform for debate and criticism – which was broadcast live and uncensored. This transfixed the population; nothing like this freewheeling debate had ever been witne... | When did Yeltsin acquire a seat on the Supreme Soviet? | {
"answer_start": [
344
],
"text": [
"May 29"
]
} |
57280fdc3acd2414000df36d | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 25, 1989, the Supreme Soviet voted to eliminate special seats for the Communist Party and other official organizations in national and local elections, responding to sharp popular criticism that such reserved slots were undemocratic. After vigorous debate, the 542-member Supreme Soviet passed the measure 254... | What did the Communist Party lose on October 25, 1989 with regards to elections? | {
"answer_start": [
59
],
"text": [
"special seats"
]
} |
57280fdc3acd2414000df36e | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 25, 1989, the Supreme Soviet voted to eliminate special seats for the Communist Party and other official organizations in national and local elections, responding to sharp popular criticism that such reserved slots were undemocratic. After vigorous debate, the 542-member Supreme Soviet passed the measure 254... | Who voted to get rid of the special seats? | {
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"the Supreme Soviet"
]
} |
57280fdc3acd2414000df36f | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 25, 1989, the Supreme Soviet voted to eliminate special seats for the Communist Party and other official organizations in national and local elections, responding to sharp popular criticism that such reserved slots were undemocratic. After vigorous debate, the 542-member Supreme Soviet passed the measure 254... | When did congress meet to ratify the amendment to remove special election seats? | {
"answer_start": [
438
],
"text": [
"December 12–25"
]
} |
572811a7ff5b5019007d9c50 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The six Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe, while nominally independent, were widely recognized in the international community as the Soviet satellite states. All had been occupied by the Soviet Red Army in 1945, had Soviet-style socialist states imposed upon them, and had very restricted freedom of action in eith... | What year did the Prague Spring take place? | {
"answer_start": [
491
],
"text": [
"1968"
]
} |
572811a7ff5b5019007d9c51 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The six Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe, while nominally independent, were widely recognized in the international community as the Soviet satellite states. All had been occupied by the Soviet Red Army in 1945, had Soviet-style socialist states imposed upon them, and had very restricted freedom of action in eith... | What happened to Prague and Hungary's attempts at independence? | {
"answer_start": [
399
],
"text": [
"suppressed by military force"
]
} |
572811a7ff5b5019007d9c52 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The six Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe, while nominally independent, were widely recognized in the international community as the Soviet satellite states. All had been occupied by the Soviet Red Army in 1945, had Soviet-style socialist states imposed upon them, and had very restricted freedom of action in eith... | Under what doctrine was the Soviet Union required to intervene in the Warsaw Pact states? | {
"answer_start": [
546
],
"text": [
"Brezhnev Doctrine"
]
} |
572811a7ff5b5019007d9c53 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The six Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe, while nominally independent, were widely recognized in the international community as the Soviet satellite states. All had been occupied by the Soviet Red Army in 1945, had Soviet-style socialist states imposed upon them, and had very restricted freedom of action in eith... | Other than being expensive what was wrong with the Brezhnev Doctrine? | {
"answer_start": [
521
],
"text": [
"oppressive"
]
} |
572811a7ff5b5019007d9c54 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The six Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe, while nominally independent, were widely recognized in the international community as the Soviet satellite states. All had been occupied by the Soviet Red Army in 1945, had Soviet-style socialist states imposed upon them, and had very restricted freedom of action in eith... | What is the nickname for Gorbachev's new doctrine? | {
"answer_start": [
705
],
"text": [
"Sinatra Doctrine"
]
} |
57281249ff5b5019007d9c6c | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The Baltic Way or Baltic Chain (also Chain of Freedom Estonian: Balti kett, Latvian: Baltijas ceļš, Lithuanian: Baltijos kelias, Russian: Балтийский путь) was a peaceful political demonstration on August 23, 1989. An estimated 2 million people joined hands to form a human chain extending 600 kilometres (370 mi) across ... | How many people were involved in the Baltic Chain? | {
"answer_start": [
217
],
"text": [
"estimated 2 million"
]
} |
57281249ff5b5019007d9c6d | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The Baltic Way or Baltic Chain (also Chain of Freedom Estonian: Balti kett, Latvian: Baltijas ceļš, Lithuanian: Baltijos kelias, Russian: Балтийский путь) was a peaceful political demonstration on August 23, 1989. An estimated 2 million people joined hands to form a human chain extending 600 kilometres (370 mi) across ... | How long was the chain? | {
"answer_start": [
289
],
"text": [
"600 kilometres"
]
} |
57281249ff5b5019007d9c6e | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The Baltic Way or Baltic Chain (also Chain of Freedom Estonian: Balti kett, Latvian: Baltijas ceļš, Lithuanian: Baltijos kelias, Russian: Балтийский путь) was a peaceful political demonstration on August 23, 1989. An estimated 2 million people joined hands to form a human chain extending 600 kilometres (370 mi) across ... | What states did the chain extend over? | {
"answer_start": [
320
],
"text": [
"Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania"
]
} |
57281249ff5b5019007d9c6f | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The Baltic Way or Baltic Chain (also Chain of Freedom Estonian: Balti kett, Latvian: Baltijas ceļš, Lithuanian: Baltijos kelias, Russian: Балтийский путь) was a peaceful political demonstration on August 23, 1989. An estimated 2 million people joined hands to form a human chain extending 600 kilometres (370 mi) across ... | What anniversary did the chain take place on? | {
"answer_start": [
459
],
"text": [
"50th anniversary of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact"
]
} |
57281249ff5b5019007d9c70 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The Baltic Way or Baltic Chain (also Chain of Freedom Estonian: Balti kett, Latvian: Baltijas ceļš, Lithuanian: Baltijos kelias, Russian: Балтийский путь) was a peaceful political demonstration on August 23, 1989. An estimated 2 million people joined hands to form a human chain extending 600 kilometres (370 mi) across ... | What part of Europe was split up by the pact? | {
"answer_start": [
520
],
"text": [
"Eastern"
]
} |
57281338ff5b5019007d9c8a | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On December 7, 1989, the Communist Party of Lithuania under the leadership of Algirdas Brazauskas, split from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and abandoned its claim to have a constitutional "leading role" in politics. A smaller loyalist faction of the Communist Party, headed by hardliner Mykolas Burokevičius, ... | Who was in charge of Lithuania's Communist Party in 1989 | {
"answer_start": [
78
],
"text": [
"Algirdas Brazauskas"
]
} |
57281338ff5b5019007d9c8b | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On December 7, 1989, the Communist Party of Lithuania under the leadership of Algirdas Brazauskas, split from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and abandoned its claim to have a constitutional "leading role" in politics. A smaller loyalist faction of the Communist Party, headed by hardliner Mykolas Burokevičius, ... | What party did Lithuania's Communist Party break apart from? | {
"answer_start": [
114
],
"text": [
"Communist Party of the Soviet Union"
]
} |
57281338ff5b5019007d9c8c | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On December 7, 1989, the Communist Party of Lithuania under the leadership of Algirdas Brazauskas, split from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and abandoned its claim to have a constitutional "leading role" in politics. A smaller loyalist faction of the Communist Party, headed by hardliner Mykolas Burokevičius, ... | Who was in charge of the loyalist faction? | {
"answer_start": [
298
],
"text": [
"Mykolas Burokevičius,"
]
} |
57281338ff5b5019007d9c8d | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On December 7, 1989, the Communist Party of Lithuania under the leadership of Algirdas Brazauskas, split from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and abandoned its claim to have a constitutional "leading role" in politics. A smaller loyalist faction of the Communist Party, headed by hardliner Mykolas Burokevičius, ... | What place's control was the Communist Party of Lithuania out from under after the split? | {
"answer_start": [
452
],
"text": [
"Moscow's"
]
} |
57281338ff5b5019007d9c8e | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On December 7, 1989, the Communist Party of Lithuania under the leadership of Algirdas Brazauskas, split from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and abandoned its claim to have a constitutional "leading role" in politics. A smaller loyalist faction of the Communist Party, headed by hardliner Mykolas Burokevičius, ... | Who visited with the hope of bringing back the Communist Party of Lithuania to the Soviet Party? | {
"answer_start": [
541
],
"text": [
"Gorbachev"
]
} |
572813b63acd2414000df3dd | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On July 16, 1989, the Popular Front of Azerbaijan held its first congress and elected Abulfaz Elchibey, who would become President, as its Chairman. On August 19, 600,000 protesters jammed Baku’s Lenin Square (now Azadliq Square) to demand the release of political prisoners. In the second half of 1989, weapons were han... | When was Abulfaz Elchibey elected to Chairman of the Popular Front? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"July 16, 1989"
]
} |
572813b63acd2414000df3de | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On July 16, 1989, the Popular Front of Azerbaijan held its first congress and elected Abulfaz Elchibey, who would become President, as its Chairman. On August 19, 600,000 protesters jammed Baku’s Lenin Square (now Azadliq Square) to demand the release of political prisoners. In the second half of 1989, weapons were han... | How many protesters filled Lenin Square on August 19th? | {
"answer_start": [
163
],
"text": [
"600,000"
]
} |
572813b63acd2414000df3df | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On July 16, 1989, the Popular Front of Azerbaijan held its first congress and elected Abulfaz Elchibey, who would become President, as its Chairman. On August 19, 600,000 protesters jammed Baku’s Lenin Square (now Azadliq Square) to demand the release of political prisoners. In the second half of 1989, weapons were han... | What did the protesters want? | {
"answer_start": [
244
],
"text": [
"release of political prisoners"
]
} |
572814fa3acd2414000df407 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In a new and effective tactic, the Popular Front launched a rail blockade of Armenia, which caused petrol and food shortages because 85 percent of Armenia's freight came from Azerbaijan. Under pressure from the Popular Front the Communist authorities in Azerbaijan started making concessions. On September 25, they passe... | What did the Popular Front do to Armenian railways? | {
"answer_start": [
65
],
"text": [
"blockade"
]
} |
572814fa3acd2414000df408 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In a new and effective tactic, the Popular Front launched a rail blockade of Armenia, which caused petrol and food shortages because 85 percent of Armenia's freight came from Azerbaijan. Under pressure from the Popular Front the Communist authorities in Azerbaijan started making concessions. On September 25, they passe... | What shortages were caused by the blockade? | {
"answer_start": [
99
],
"text": [
"petrol and food"
]
} |
572814fa3acd2414000df409 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In a new and effective tactic, the Popular Front launched a rail blockade of Armenia, which caused petrol and food shortages because 85 percent of Armenia's freight came from Azerbaijan. Under pressure from the Popular Front the Communist authorities in Azerbaijan started making concessions. On September 25, they passe... | How much freight into Armenia originated in Azerbaijan? | {
"answer_start": [
133
],
"text": [
"85 percent"
]
} |
572814fa3acd2414000df40a | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In a new and effective tactic, the Popular Front launched a rail blockade of Armenia, which caused petrol and food shortages because 85 percent of Armenia's freight came from Azerbaijan. Under pressure from the Popular Front the Communist authorities in Azerbaijan started making concessions. On September 25, they passe... | When was the sovereignty law passed? | {
"answer_start": [
296
],
"text": [
"September 25"
]
} |
572814fa3acd2414000df40b | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In a new and effective tactic, the Popular Front launched a rail blockade of Armenia, which caused petrol and food shortages because 85 percent of Armenia's freight came from Azerbaijan. Under pressure from the Popular Front the Communist authorities in Azerbaijan started making concessions. On September 25, they passe... | What in Jalilibad was taken over by the Popular Front? | {
"answer_start": [
663
],
"text": [
"local party offices"
]
} |
572815a13acd2414000df419 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On April 7, 1989, Soviet troops and armored personnel carriers were sent to Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people protested in front of Communist Party headquarters with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and for Abkhazia to be fully integrated into Georgia. On April 9, 1989, troops attacked t... | What did the protesters want Georgia to leave? | {
"answer_start": [
218
],
"text": [
"Soviet Union"
]
} |
572815a13acd2414000df41a | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On April 7, 1989, Soviet troops and armored personnel carriers were sent to Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people protested in front of Communist Party headquarters with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and for Abkhazia to be fully integrated into Georgia. On April 9, 1989, troops attacked t... | What did the protesters hope to see become a part of Georgia? | {
"answer_start": [
239
],
"text": [
"Abkhazia"
]
} |
572815a13acd2414000df41b | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On April 7, 1989, Soviet troops and armored personnel carriers were sent to Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people protested in front of Communist Party headquarters with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and for Abkhazia to be fully integrated into Georgia. On April 9, 1989, troops attacked t... | Who attacked the protest? | {
"answer_start": [
303
],
"text": [
"troops"
]
} |
572815a13acd2414000df41c | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On April 7, 1989, Soviet troops and armored personnel carriers were sent to Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people protested in front of Communist Party headquarters with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and for Abkhazia to be fully integrated into Georgia. On April 9, 1989, troops attacked t... | How many people died in the April 9 attack? | {
"answer_start": [
343
],
"text": [
"20"
]
} |
572815a13acd2414000df41d | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On April 7, 1989, Soviet troops and armored personnel carriers were sent to Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people protested in front of Communist Party headquarters with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and for Abkhazia to be fully integrated into Georgia. On April 9, 1989, troops attacked t... | What happened to Georgian politics as a result of the attack? | {
"answer_start": [
403
],
"text": [
"radicalized"
]
} |
572816302ca10214002d9d98 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In Ukraine, Lviv and Kiev celebrated Ukrainian Independence Day on January 22, 1989. Thousands gathered in Lviv for an unauthorized moleben (religious service) in front of St. George's Cathedral. In Kiev, 60 activists met in a Kiev apartment to commemorate the proclamation of the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1918. On... | What is commemorated on January 22 in Ukraine? | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"Ukrainian Independence Day"
]
} |
572816302ca10214002d9d99 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In Ukraine, Lviv and Kiev celebrated Ukrainian Independence Day on January 22, 1989. Thousands gathered in Lviv for an unauthorized moleben (religious service) in front of St. George's Cathedral. In Kiev, 60 activists met in a Kiev apartment to commemorate the proclamation of the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1918. On... | What is a moleben? | {
"answer_start": [
141
],
"text": [
"religious service"
]
} |
572816302ca10214002d9d9a | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In Ukraine, Lviv and Kiev celebrated Ukrainian Independence Day on January 22, 1989. Thousands gathered in Lviv for an unauthorized moleben (religious service) in front of St. George's Cathedral. In Kiev, 60 activists met in a Kiev apartment to commemorate the proclamation of the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1918. On... | Where was the moleben held? | {
"answer_start": [
160
],
"text": [
"in front of St. George's Cathedral."
]
} |
572816e43acd2414000df439 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as "the mastodon of stagnatio... | What were people protesting in Kiev during the last part of February? | {
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"election laws"
]
} |
572816e43acd2414000df43a | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as "the mastodon of stagnatio... | Who did the protesters want to resign? | {
"answer_start": [
258
],
"text": [
"Volodymyr Scherbytsky"
]
} |
572816e43acd2414000df43b | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as "the mastodon of stagnatio... | What was Scherbytsky's nickname? | {
"answer_start": [
295
],
"text": [
"the mastodon of stagnation"
]
} |
572816e43acd2414000df43c | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as "the mastodon of stagnatio... | Who visited the Ukraine while the protests were taking place? | {
"answer_start": [
397
],
"text": [
"Gorbachev"
]
} |
572816e43acd2414000df43d | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In late February, large public rallies took place in Kiev to protest the election laws, on the eve of the March 26 elections to the USSR Congress of People's Deputies, and to call for the resignation of the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Scherbytsky, lampooned as "the mastodon of stagnatio... | How many people attended the service in Lviv? | {
"answer_start": [
430
],
"text": [
"between 20,000 and 30,000"
]
} |
572817dbff5b5019007d9d10 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On March 4, 1989, the Memorial Society, committed to honoring the victims of Stalinism and cleansing society of Soviet practices, was founded in Kiev. A public rally was held the next day. On March 12, A pre-election meeting organized in Lviv by the Ukrainian Helsinki Union and the Marian Society Myloserdia (Compassion... | What ideology's victims were being honored by the Memorial Society? | {
"answer_start": [
77
],
"text": [
"Stalinism"
]
} |
572817dbff5b5019007d9d11 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On March 4, 1989, the Memorial Society, committed to honoring the victims of Stalinism and cleansing society of Soviet practices, was founded in Kiev. A public rally was held the next day. On March 12, A pre-election meeting organized in Lviv by the Ukrainian Helsinki Union and the Marian Society Myloserdia (Compassion... | How many people from the pre-election meeting in Lviv were detained? | {
"answer_start": [
351
],
"text": [
"nearly 300"
]
} |
572817dbff5b5019007d9d12 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On March 4, 1989, the Memorial Society, committed to honoring the victims of Stalinism and cleansing society of Soviet practices, was founded in Kiev. A public rally was held the next day. On March 12, A pre-election meeting organized in Lviv by the Ukrainian Helsinki Union and the Marian Society Myloserdia (Compassion... | Members of what ideology were more heavily elected to the union Congress of People's Deputies? | {
"answer_start": [
560
],
"text": [
"conservatives"
]
} |
572817dbff5b5019007d9d13 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On March 4, 1989, the Memorial Society, committed to honoring the victims of Stalinism and cleansing society of Soviet practices, was founded in Kiev. A public rally was held the next day. On March 12, A pre-election meeting organized in Lviv by the Ukrainian Helsinki Union and the Marian Society Myloserdia (Compassion... | How many deputies were elected? | {
"answer_start": [
526
],
"text": [
"225"
]
} |
572818a9ff5b5019007d9d20 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | From April 20–23, 1989, pre-election meetings were held in Lviv for four consecutive days, drawing crowds of up to 25,000. The action included an one-hour warning strike at eight local factories and institutions. It was the first labor strike in Lviv since 1944. On May 3, a pre-election rally attracted 30,000 in Lviv. ... | How many people attended the Lviv pre-election meetings? | {
"answer_start": [
115
],
"text": [
"25,000"
]
} |
572818a9ff5b5019007d9d21 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | From April 20–23, 1989, pre-election meetings were held in Lviv for four consecutive days, drawing crowds of up to 25,000. The action included an one-hour warning strike at eight local factories and institutions. It was the first labor strike in Lviv since 1944. On May 3, a pre-election rally attracted 30,000 in Lviv. ... | How long did the warning strike last? | {
"answer_start": [
146
],
"text": [
"one-hour"
]
} |
572818a9ff5b5019007d9d22 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | From April 20–23, 1989, pre-election meetings were held in Lviv for four consecutive days, drawing crowds of up to 25,000. The action included an one-hour warning strike at eight local factories and institutions. It was the first labor strike in Lviv since 1944. On May 3, a pre-election rally attracted 30,000 in Lviv. ... | Where did the strike take place? | {
"answer_start": [
173
],
"text": [
"eight local factories and institutions"
]
} |
572818a9ff5b5019007d9d23 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | From April 20–23, 1989, pre-election meetings were held in Lviv for four consecutive days, drawing crowds of up to 25,000. The action included an one-hour warning strike at eight local factories and institutions. It was the first labor strike in Lviv since 1944. On May 3, a pre-election rally attracted 30,000 in Lviv. ... | Prior to the warning strike when was the last labor strike in Lviv? | {
"answer_start": [
257
],
"text": [
"1944"
]
} |
572818a9ff5b5019007d9d24 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | From April 20–23, 1989, pre-election meetings were held in Lviv for four consecutive days, drawing crowds of up to 25,000. The action included an one-hour warning strike at eight local factories and institutions. It was the first labor strike in Lviv since 1944. On May 3, a pre-election rally attracted 30,000 in Lviv. ... | At what sight was the Bykivnia meeting held? | {
"answer_start": [
399
],
"text": [
"mass grave"
]
} |
572819323acd2414000df47f | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | From mid-May to September 1989, Ukrainian Greek-Catholic hunger strikers staged protests on Moscow's Arbat to call attention to the plight of their Church. They were especially active during the July session of the World Council of Churches held in Moscow. The protest ended with the arrests of the group on September 18... | What were the hunger strikers hoping to draw attention to? | {
"answer_start": [
132
],
"text": [
"plight of their Church."
]
} |
572819323acd2414000df480 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | From mid-May to September 1989, Ukrainian Greek-Catholic hunger strikers staged protests on Moscow's Arbat to call attention to the plight of their Church. They were especially active during the July session of the World Council of Churches held in Moscow. The protest ended with the arrests of the group on September 18... | When did the Lviv regional Memorial Society have its first conference? | {
"answer_start": [
325
],
"text": [
"May 27, 1989"
]
} |
572819323acd2414000df481 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | From mid-May to September 1989, Ukrainian Greek-Catholic hunger strikers staged protests on Moscow's Arbat to call attention to the plight of their Church. They were especially active during the July session of the World Council of Churches held in Moscow. The protest ended with the arrests of the group on September 18... | How many people attended the services in western Ukraine? | {
"answer_start": [
429
],
"text": [
"an estimated 100,000"
]
} |
572820d23acd2414000df517 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On August 19, 1989, the Russian Orthodox Parish of Saints Peter and Paul announced it would be switching to the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church. On September 2, 1989, tens of thousands across Ukraine protested a draft election law that reserved special seats for the Communist Party and for other official organi... | What were the protesters on September 2 demonstrating against? | {
"answer_start": [
220
],
"text": [
"draft election law"
]
} |
572820d23acd2414000df518 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On August 19, 1989, the Russian Orthodox Parish of Saints Peter and Paul announced it would be switching to the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church. On September 2, 1989, tens of thousands across Ukraine protested a draft election law that reserved special seats for the Communist Party and for other official organi... | How many protesters were there in Lviv? | {
"answer_start": [
329
],
"text": [
"50,000"
]
} |
572820d23acd2414000df519 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On August 19, 1989, the Russian Orthodox Parish of Saints Peter and Paul announced it would be switching to the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church. On September 2, 1989, tens of thousands across Ukraine protested a draft election law that reserved special seats for the Communist Party and for other official organi... | Who was put in charge of the People's Movement of Ukraine? | {
"answer_start": [
486
],
"text": [
"Ivan Drach"
]
} |
572820d23acd2414000df51a | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On August 19, 1989, the Russian Orthodox Parish of Saints Peter and Paul announced it would be switching to the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church. On September 2, 1989, tens of thousands across Ukraine protested a draft election law that reserved special seats for the Communist Party and for other official organi... | Where did the People's Movement hold its founding congress? | {
"answer_start": [
585
],
"text": [
"Kiev"
]
} |
572821923acd2414000df531 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 1, 1989, a peaceful demonstration of 10,000 to 15,000 people was violently dispersed by the militia in front of Lviv's Druzhba Stadium, where a concert celebrating the Soviet "reunification" of Ukrainian lands was being held. On October 10, Ivano-Frankivsk was the site of a pre-election protest attended by 3... | How many people demonstrated on October 1? | {
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"10,000 to 15,000"
]
} |
572821923acd2414000df532 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 1, 1989, a peaceful demonstration of 10,000 to 15,000 people was violently dispersed by the militia in front of Lviv's Druzhba Stadium, where a concert celebrating the Soviet "reunification" of Ukrainian lands was being held. On October 10, Ivano-Frankivsk was the site of a pre-election protest attended by 3... | Who attacked the protest? | {
"answer_start": [
103
],
"text": [
"militia"
]
} |
572821923acd2414000df533 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 1, 1989, a peaceful demonstration of 10,000 to 15,000 people was violently dispersed by the militia in front of Lviv's Druzhba Stadium, where a concert celebrating the Soviet "reunification" of Ukrainian lands was being held. On October 10, Ivano-Frankivsk was the site of a pre-election protest attended by 3... | Where did the attack occur? | {
"answer_start": [
111
],
"text": [
"in front of Lviv's Druzhba Stadium"
]
} |
572821923acd2414000df534 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 1, 1989, a peaceful demonstration of 10,000 to 15,000 people was violently dispersed by the militia in front of Lviv's Druzhba Stadium, where a concert celebrating the Soviet "reunification" of Ukrainian lands was being held. On October 10, Ivano-Frankivsk was the site of a pre-election protest attended by 3... | What was happening in the stadium at the time? | {
"answer_start": [
155
],
"text": [
"concert"
]
} |
572821923acd2414000df535 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 1, 1989, a peaceful demonstration of 10,000 to 15,000 people was violently dispersed by the militia in front of Lviv's Druzhba Stadium, where a concert celebrating the Soviet "reunification" of Ukrainian lands was being held. On October 10, Ivano-Frankivsk was the site of a pre-election protest attended by 3... | Prior to the October 20 synod, when was the last one held in Lviv? | {
"answer_start": [
664
],
"text": [
"1930s"
]
} |
572821f52ca10214002d9e9f | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 24, the union Supreme Soviet passed a law eliminating special seats for Communist Party and other official organizations' representatives. On October 26, twenty factories in Lviv held strikes and meetings to protest the police brutality of October 1 and the authorities' unwillingness to prosecute those respo... | Where were the strikes? | {
"answer_start": [
185
],
"text": [
"Lviv"
]
} |
572821f52ca10214002d9ea0 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 24, the union Supreme Soviet passed a law eliminating special seats for Communist Party and other official organizations' representatives. On October 26, twenty factories in Lviv held strikes and meetings to protest the police brutality of October 1 and the authorities' unwillingness to prosecute those respo... | What were the strikes in protest against? | {
"answer_start": [
231
],
"text": [
"police brutality"
]
} |
572821f52ca10214002d9e9e | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 24, the union Supreme Soviet passed a law eliminating special seats for Communist Party and other official organizations' representatives. On October 26, twenty factories in Lviv held strikes and meetings to protest the police brutality of October 1 and the authorities' unwillingness to prosecute those respo... | How many factories had strikes on October 26? | {
"answer_start": [
165
],
"text": [
"twenty"
]
} |
572822be2ca10214002d9ea4 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 28, 1989, the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet decreed that effective January 1, 1990, Ukrainian would be the official language of Ukraine, while Russian would be used for communication between ethnic groups. On the same day The Congregation of the Church of the Transfiguration in Lviv left the Russian Orthodox Chur... | What was made Ukraine's official language in 1990? | {
"answer_start": [
90
],
"text": [
"Ukrainian"
]
} |
572822be2ca10214002d9ea5 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 28, 1989, the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet decreed that effective January 1, 1990, Ukrainian would be the official language of Ukraine, while Russian would be used for communication between ethnic groups. On the same day The Congregation of the Church of the Transfiguration in Lviv left the Russian Orthodox Chur... | Who decided Ukraine's official language? | {
"answer_start": [
25
],
"text": [
"Ukrainian Supreme Soviet"
]
} |
572822be2ca10214002d9ea6 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 28, 1989, the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet decreed that effective January 1, 1990, Ukrainian would be the official language of Ukraine, while Russian would be used for communication between ethnic groups. On the same day The Congregation of the Church of the Transfiguration in Lviv left the Russian Orthodox Chur... | For what reason would the Russian be spoken? | {
"answer_start": [
175
],
"text": [
"communication between ethnic groups"
]
} |
572822be2ca10214002d9ea7 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 28, 1989, the Ukrainian Supreme Soviet decreed that effective January 1, 1990, Ukrainian would be the official language of Ukraine, while Russian would be used for communication between ethnic groups. On the same day The Congregation of the Church of the Transfiguration in Lviv left the Russian Orthodox Chur... | Where was the January 2 memorial service? | {
"answer_start": [
442
],
"text": [
"Demianiv Laz"
]
} |
572826324b864d19001645aa | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In mid-November The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society was officially registered. On November 19, 1989, a public gathering in Kiev attracted thousands of mourners, friends and family to the reburial in Ukraine of three inmates of the infamous Gulag Camp No. 36 in Perm in the Ural Mountains: human-rights activists Va... | When was The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society made official? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"mid-November"
]
} |
572826324b864d19001645ab | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In mid-November The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society was officially registered. On November 19, 1989, a public gathering in Kiev attracted thousands of mourners, friends and family to the reburial in Ukraine of three inmates of the infamous Gulag Camp No. 36 in Perm in the Ural Mountains: human-rights activists Va... | The three human rights activists reburied November 19th were prisoners where? | {
"answer_start": [
246
],
"text": [
"Gulag Camp No. 36"
]
} |
572826324b864d19001645ac | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In mid-November The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society was officially registered. On November 19, 1989, a public gathering in Kiev attracted thousands of mourners, friends and family to the reburial in Ukraine of three inmates of the infamous Gulag Camp No. 36 in Perm in the Ural Mountains: human-rights activists Va... | Where was Gulag Camp No. 36 located? | {
"answer_start": [
267
],
"text": [
"Perm in the Ural Mountains"
]
} |
572826324b864d19001645ad | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In mid-November The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society was officially registered. On November 19, 1989, a public gathering in Kiev attracted thousands of mourners, friends and family to the reburial in Ukraine of three inmates of the infamous Gulag Camp No. 36 in Perm in the Ural Mountains: human-rights activists Va... | Where were the activists reburied? | {
"answer_start": [
396
],
"text": [
"Baikove Cemetery."
]
} |
572826324b864d19001645ae | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In mid-November The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society was officially registered. On November 19, 1989, a public gathering in Kiev attracted thousands of mourners, friends and family to the reburial in Ukraine of three inmates of the infamous Gulag Camp No. 36 in Perm in the Ural Mountains: human-rights activists Va... | Who met with Gorbachev on November 22? | {
"answer_start": [
621
],
"text": [
"Pope John Paul II"
]
} |
572827feff5b5019007d9e3a | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On September 30, 1989, thousands of Belorussians, denouncing local leaders, marched through Minsk to demand additional cleanup of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster site in Ukraine. Up to 15,000 protesters wearing armbands bearing radioactivity symbols and carrying the banned red-and-white Belorussian national flag filed thro... | What did the Belorussians wish to be cleaned up? | {
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"Chernobyl disaster site"
]
} |
572827feff5b5019007d9e3b | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On September 30, 1989, thousands of Belorussians, denouncing local leaders, marched through Minsk to demand additional cleanup of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster site in Ukraine. Up to 15,000 protesters wearing armbands bearing radioactivity symbols and carrying the banned red-and-white Belorussian national flag filed thro... | Where did the Chernobyl Disaster occur? | {
"answer_start": [
166
],
"text": [
"Ukraine"
]
} |
572827feff5b5019007d9e3c | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On September 30, 1989, thousands of Belorussians, denouncing local leaders, marched through Minsk to demand additional cleanup of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster site in Ukraine. Up to 15,000 protesters wearing armbands bearing radioactivity symbols and carrying the banned red-and-white Belorussian national flag filed thro... | When did the Chernobyl disaster happen? | {
"answer_start": [
134
],
"text": [
"1986"
]
} |
572827feff5b5019007d9e3d | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On September 30, 1989, thousands of Belorussians, denouncing local leaders, marched through Minsk to demand additional cleanup of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster site in Ukraine. Up to 15,000 protesters wearing armbands bearing radioactivity symbols and carrying the banned red-and-white Belorussian national flag filed thro... | What symbol did the protesters wear on their arms? | {
"answer_start": [
224
],
"text": [
"radioactivity symbols"
]
} |
572827feff5b5019007d9e3e | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On September 30, 1989, thousands of Belorussians, denouncing local leaders, marched through Minsk to demand additional cleanup of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster site in Ukraine. Up to 15,000 protesters wearing armbands bearing radioactivity symbols and carrying the banned red-and-white Belorussian national flag filed thro... | How was the weather during the protest? | {
"answer_start": [
324
],
"text": [
"torrential rain"
]
} |
57282967ff5b5019007d9e4e | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Thousands of Soviet troops were sent to the Fergana Valley, southeast of the Uzbek capital Tashkent, to re-establish order after clashes in which local Uzbeks hunted down members of the Meskhetian minority in several days of rioting between June 4–11, 1989; about 100 people were killed. On June 23, 1989, Gorbachev remo... | Who went to the Fergana Valley to restore order? | {
"answer_start": [
13
],
"text": [
"Soviet troops"
]
} |
57282967ff5b5019007d9e4f | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Thousands of Soviet troops were sent to the Fergana Valley, southeast of the Uzbek capital Tashkent, to re-establish order after clashes in which local Uzbeks hunted down members of the Meskhetian minority in several days of rioting between June 4–11, 1989; about 100 people were killed. On June 23, 1989, Gorbachev remo... | Where is the Fergana Valley located? | {
"answer_start": [
60
],
"text": [
"southeast of the Uzbek capital"
]
} |
57282967ff5b5019007d9e50 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Thousands of Soviet troops were sent to the Fergana Valley, southeast of the Uzbek capital Tashkent, to re-establish order after clashes in which local Uzbeks hunted down members of the Meskhetian minority in several days of rioting between June 4–11, 1989; about 100 people were killed. On June 23, 1989, Gorbachev remo... | Who were targeted by the local Uzbeks? | {
"answer_start": [
171
],
"text": [
"members of the Meskhetian minority"
]
} |
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