id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
57282967ff5b5019007d9e51 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Thousands of Soviet troops were sent to the Fergana Valley, southeast of the Uzbek capital Tashkent, to re-establish order after clashes in which local Uzbeks hunted down members of the Meskhetian minority in several days of rioting between June 4–11, 1989; about 100 people were killed. On June 23, 1989, Gorbachev remo... | Who was fired from First Secretary position by Gorbachev? | {
"answer_start": [
324
],
"text": [
"Rafiq Nishonov"
]
} |
57282967ff5b5019007d9e52 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Thousands of Soviet troops were sent to the Fergana Valley, southeast of the Uzbek capital Tashkent, to re-establish order after clashes in which local Uzbeks hunted down members of the Meskhetian minority in several days of rioting between June 4–11, 1989; about 100 people were killed. On June 23, 1989, Gorbachev remo... | Who replaced Nishonov? | {
"answer_start": [
420
],
"text": [
"Karimov"
]
} |
57282a062ca10214002d9fac | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In Kazakhstan on June 19, 1989, young men carrying guns, firebombs, iron bars and stones rioted in Zhanaozen, causing a number of deaths. The youths tried to seize a police station and a water-supply station. They brought public transportation to a halt and shut down various shops and industries. By June 25, the riotin... | Where was the fatal June 19th riots? | {
"answer_start": [
99
],
"text": [
"Zhanaozen"
]
} |
57282a062ca10214002d9fad | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In Kazakhstan on June 19, 1989, young men carrying guns, firebombs, iron bars and stones rioted in Zhanaozen, causing a number of deaths. The youths tried to seize a police station and a water-supply station. They brought public transportation to a halt and shut down various shops and industries. By June 25, the riotin... | Who were the rioters? | {
"answer_start": [
32
],
"text": [
"young men"
]
} |
57282a062ca10214002d9fae | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In Kazakhstan on June 19, 1989, young men carrying guns, firebombs, iron bars and stones rioted in Zhanaozen, causing a number of deaths. The youths tried to seize a police station and a water-supply station. They brought public transportation to a halt and shut down various shops and industries. By June 25, the riotin... | What did the rioters try to take over? | {
"answer_start": [
166
],
"text": [
"police station and a water-supply station"
]
} |
57282a062ca10214002d9faf | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In Kazakhstan on June 19, 1989, young men carrying guns, firebombs, iron bars and stones rioted in Zhanaozen, causing a number of deaths. The youths tried to seize a police station and a water-supply station. They brought public transportation to a halt and shut down various shops and industries. By June 25, the riotin... | How many towns had riots of their own following the initial riots? | {
"answer_start": [
336
],
"text": [
"five"
]
} |
57282a062ca10214002d9fb0 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In Kazakhstan on June 19, 1989, young men carrying guns, firebombs, iron bars and stones rioted in Zhanaozen, causing a number of deaths. The youths tried to seize a police station and a water-supply station. They brought public transportation to a halt and shut down various shops and industries. By June 25, the riotin... | What was attacked in Mangishlak? | {
"answer_start": [
455
],
"text": [
"police station"
]
} |
57282af42ca10214002d9fca | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Ethnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were killed. On January 11, Popular Front radic... | Which two groups saw increasing ethnic conflicts in 1988? | {
"answer_start": [
42
],
"text": [
"Armenians and Azerbaijanis"
]
} |
57282af42ca10214002d9fcb | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Ethnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were killed. On January 11, Popular Front radic... | Who was killed in the January 9 riots? | {
"answer_start": [
252
],
"text": [
"four Soviet soldiers"
]
} |
57282af42ca10214002d9fcc | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Ethnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were killed. On January 11, Popular Front radic... | How many people died in the Soviet response to the clashes? | {
"answer_start": [
855
],
"text": [
"more than 130"
]
} |
57282af42ca10214002d9fcd | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Ethnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were killed. On January 11, Popular Front radic... | What were the January incidents called? | {
"answer_start": [
518
],
"text": [
"Black January"
]
} |
57282af42ca10214002d9fce | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Ethnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were killed. On January 11, Popular Front radic... | How many Soviet troops occupied Baku? | {
"answer_start": [
647
],
"text": [
"26,000"
]
} |
57282dc02ca10214002d9ff8 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Following the hardliners' takeover, the September 30, 1990 elections (runoffs on October 14) were characterized by intimidation; several Popular Front candidates were jailed, two were murdered, and unabashed ballot stuffing took place even in the presence of Western observers. The election results reflected the threate... | What party's candidates were murdered in the September 30 elections? | {
"answer_start": [
137
],
"text": [
"Popular Front"
]
} |
57282dc02ca10214002d9ff9 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Following the hardliners' takeover, the September 30, 1990 elections (runoffs on October 14) were characterized by intimidation; several Popular Front candidates were jailed, two were murdered, and unabashed ballot stuffing took place even in the presence of Western observers. The election results reflected the threate... | How many members were from opposition parties? | {
"answer_start": [
393
],
"text": [
"45"
]
} |
57282dc02ca10214002d9ffa | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Following the hardliners' takeover, the September 30, 1990 elections (runoffs on October 14) were characterized by intimidation; several Popular Front candidates were jailed, two were murdered, and unabashed ballot stuffing took place even in the presence of Western observers. The election results reflected the threate... | How many total members were there? | {
"answer_start": [
349
],
"text": [
"350"
]
} |
57282dc02ca10214002d9ffb | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Following the hardliners' takeover, the September 30, 1990 elections (runoffs on October 14) were characterized by intimidation; several Popular Front candidates were jailed, two were murdered, and unabashed ballot stuffing took place even in the presence of Western observers. The election results reflected the threate... | Who was elected to be Chairman in May? | {
"answer_start": [
536
],
"text": [
"Mutalibov"
]
} |
57282ec23acd2414000df67b | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On January 21, 1990, Rukh organized a 300-mile (480 km) human chain between Kiev, Lviv, and Ivano-Frankivsk. Hundreds of thousands joined hands to commemorate the proclamation of Ukrainian independence in 1918 and the reunification of Ukrainian lands one year later (1919 Unification Act). On January 23, 1990, the Ukrai... | How many miles long was the human chain? | {
"answer_start": [
38
],
"text": [
"300"
]
} |
57282ec23acd2414000df67c | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On January 21, 1990, Rukh organized a 300-mile (480 km) human chain between Kiev, Lviv, and Ivano-Frankivsk. Hundreds of thousands joined hands to commemorate the proclamation of Ukrainian independence in 1918 and the reunification of Ukrainian lands one year later (1919 Unification Act). On January 23, 1990, the Ukrai... | Who organized this chain? | {
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"Rukh"
]
} |
57282ec23acd2414000df67d | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On January 21, 1990, Rukh organized a 300-mile (480 km) human chain between Kiev, Lviv, and Ivano-Frankivsk. Hundreds of thousands joined hands to commemorate the proclamation of Ukrainian independence in 1918 and the reunification of Ukrainian lands one year later (1919 Unification Act). On January 23, 1990, the Ukrai... | What country's independence were the chain members celebrating? | {
"answer_start": [
179
],
"text": [
"Ukrainian"
]
} |
57282ec23acd2414000df67e | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On January 21, 1990, Rukh organized a 300-mile (480 km) human chain between Kiev, Lviv, and Ivano-Frankivsk. Hundreds of thousands joined hands to commemorate the proclamation of Ukrainian independence in 1918 and the reunification of Ukrainian lands one year later (1919 Unification Act). On January 23, 1990, the Ukrai... | When had the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church been broken up by the Soviets? | {
"answer_start": [
408
],
"text": [
"1946"
]
} |
57282ec23acd2414000df67f | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On January 21, 1990, Rukh organized a 300-mile (480 km) human chain between Kiev, Lviv, and Ivano-Frankivsk. Hundreds of thousands joined hands to commemorate the proclamation of Ukrainian independence in 1918 and the reunification of Ukrainian lands one year later (1919 Unification Act). On January 23, 1990, the Ukrai... | In 1990 which party had most of the election victories? | {
"answer_start": [
774
],
"text": [
"the Democratic Bloc"
]
} |
572838743acd2414000df741 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On April 6, 1990, the Lviv City Council voted to return St. George Cathedral to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The Russian Orthodox Church refused to yield. On April 29–30, 1990, the Ukrainian Helsinki Union disbanded to form the Ukrainian Republican Party. On May 15 the new parliament convened. The bloc of conse... | Who was voted to get their cathedral back in 1990? | {
"answer_start": [
84
],
"text": [
"Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church"
]
} |
572838743acd2414000df742 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On April 6, 1990, the Lviv City Council voted to return St. George Cathedral to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The Russian Orthodox Church refused to yield. On April 29–30, 1990, the Ukrainian Helsinki Union disbanded to form the Ukrainian Republican Party. On May 15 the new parliament convened. The bloc of conse... | What party was formed from the dissolved Ukrainian Helsinki Union? | {
"answer_start": [
236
],
"text": [
"Ukrainian Republican Party"
]
} |
572838743acd2414000df743 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On April 6, 1990, the Lviv City Council voted to return St. George Cathedral to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The Russian Orthodox Church refused to yield. On April 29–30, 1990, the Ukrainian Helsinki Union disbanded to form the Ukrainian Republican Party. On May 15 the new parliament convened. The bloc of conse... | What was the first day that the new parliament met? | {
"answer_start": [
267
],
"text": [
"May 15"
]
} |
572838743acd2414000df744 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On April 6, 1990, the Lviv City Council voted to return St. George Cathedral to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The Russian Orthodox Church refused to yield. On April 29–30, 1990, the Ukrainian Helsinki Union disbanded to form the Ukrainian Republican Party. On May 15 the new parliament convened. The bloc of conse... | Who became the new patriarch of the UAOC in 1990? | {
"answer_start": [
716
],
"text": [
"Metropolitan Mstyslav"
]
} |
572839322ca10214002da10b | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On June 22, 1990, Volodymyr Ivashko withdrew his candidacy for leader of the Communist Party of Ukraine in view of his new position in parliament. Stanislav Hurenko was elected first secretary of the CPU. On July 11, Ivashko resigned from his post as chairman of the Ukrainian Parliament after he was elected deputy gene... | How long did it take Parliament to accept Ivashko's resignation? | {
"answer_start": [
418
],
"text": [
"a week"
]
} |
572839322ca10214002da10a | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On June 22, 1990, Volodymyr Ivashko withdrew his candidacy for leader of the Communist Party of Ukraine in view of his new position in parliament. Stanislav Hurenko was elected first secretary of the CPU. On July 11, Ivashko resigned from his post as chairman of the Ukrainian Parliament after he was elected deputy gene... | Who was elected to be the new deputy general secretary of the Communist Part of the Soviet Union in July? | {
"answer_start": [
18
],
"text": [
"Volodymyr Ivashko"
]
} |
572839322ca10214002da10c | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On June 22, 1990, Volodymyr Ivashko withdrew his candidacy for leader of the Communist Party of Ukraine in view of his new position in parliament. Stanislav Hurenko was elected first secretary of the CPU. On July 11, Ivashko resigned from his post as chairman of the Ukrainian Parliament after he was elected deputy gene... | How many Parliament members voted against the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Ukraine? | {
"answer_start": [
573
],
"text": [
"four"
]
} |
57283abb4b864d19001647ae | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On July 23, 1990, Leonid Kravchuk was elected to replace Ivashko as parliament chairman. On July 30, Parliament adopted a resolution on military service ordering Ukrainian soldiers "in regions of national conflict such as Armenia and Azerbaijan" to return to Ukrainian territory. On August 1, Parliament voted overwhelmi... | Who would succeed Ivashko as the chairman of Parliament? | {
"answer_start": [
18
],
"text": [
"Leonid Kravchuk"
]
} |
57283abb4b864d19001647af | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On July 23, 1990, Leonid Kravchuk was elected to replace Ivashko as parliament chairman. On July 30, Parliament adopted a resolution on military service ordering Ukrainian soldiers "in regions of national conflict such as Armenia and Azerbaijan" to return to Ukrainian territory. On August 1, Parliament voted overwhelmi... | What did Parliament vote to shut down in August? | {
"answer_start": [
342
],
"text": [
"Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant"
]
} |
57283abb4b864d19001647b0 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On July 23, 1990, Leonid Kravchuk was elected to replace Ivashko as parliament chairman. On July 30, Parliament adopted a resolution on military service ordering Ukrainian soldiers "in regions of national conflict such as Armenia and Azerbaijan" to return to Ukrainian territory. On August 1, Parliament voted overwhelmi... | Where was the August 9 liturgy held? | {
"answer_start": [
539
],
"text": [
"St. George Cathedral."
]
} |
57283abb4b864d19001647b1 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On July 23, 1990, Leonid Kravchuk was elected to replace Ivashko as parliament chairman. On July 30, Parliament adopted a resolution on military service ordering Ukrainian soldiers "in regions of national conflict such as Armenia and Azerbaijan" to return to Ukrainian territory. On August 1, Parliament voted overwhelmi... | Prior to the September 8th rally when was the last Youth for Christ rally held? | {
"answer_start": [
715
],
"text": [
"1933"
]
} |
57283abb4b864d19001647b2 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On July 23, 1990, Leonid Kravchuk was elected to replace Ivashko as parliament chairman. On July 30, Parliament adopted a resolution on military service ordering Ukrainian soldiers "in regions of national conflict such as Armenia and Azerbaijan" to return to Ukrainian territory. On August 1, Parliament voted overwhelmi... | How many people attended the Youth for Christ rally? | {
"answer_start": [
750
],
"text": [
"40,000"
]
} |
57283b36ff5b5019007d9f9e | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 25–28, 1990, Rukh held its second congress and declared that its principal goal was the "renewal of independent statehood for Ukraine". On October 28 UAOC faithful, supported by Ukrainian Catholics, demonstrated near St. Sophia’s Cathedral as newly elected Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch Aleksei and Metrop... | Where was the UAOC protest held? | {
"answer_start": [
223
],
"text": [
"near St. Sophia’s Cathedral"
]
} |
57283b36ff5b5019007d9f9f | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 25–28, 1990, Rukh held its second congress and declared that its principal goal was the "renewal of independent statehood for Ukraine". On October 28 UAOC faithful, supported by Ukrainian Catholics, demonstrated near St. Sophia’s Cathedral as newly elected Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch Aleksei and Metrop... | Who were in the cathedral at the time of the protest? | {
"answer_start": [
268
],
"text": [
"Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch Aleksei and Metropolitan Filaret"
]
} |
57283b36ff5b5019007d9fa0 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 25–28, 1990, Rukh held its second congress and declared that its principal goal was the "renewal of independent statehood for Ukraine". On October 28 UAOC faithful, supported by Ukrainian Catholics, demonstrated near St. Sophia’s Cathedral as newly elected Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch Aleksei and Metrop... | What had Aleksei and Filaret been up to at the time of the protest? | {
"answer_start": [
346
],
"text": [
"liturgy"
]
} |
57283caa3acd2414000df77d | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On January 13, 1991, Soviet troops, along with the KGB Spetsnaz Alpha Group, stormed the Vilnius TV Tower in Lithuania to suppress the independence movement. Fourteen unarmed civilians were killed and hundreds more injured. On the night of July 31, 1991, Russian OMON from Riga, the Soviet military headquarters in the B... | What was attacked by Soviet troops on January 13? | {
"answer_start": [
89
],
"text": [
"Vilnius TV Tower"
]
} |
57283caa3acd2414000df77e | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On January 13, 1991, Soviet troops, along with the KGB Spetsnaz Alpha Group, stormed the Vilnius TV Tower in Lithuania to suppress the independence movement. Fourteen unarmed civilians were killed and hundreds more injured. On the night of July 31, 1991, Russian OMON from Riga, the Soviet military headquarters in the B... | Where was the TV Tower located? | {
"answer_start": [
109
],
"text": [
"Lithuania"
]
} |
57283caa3acd2414000df77f | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On January 13, 1991, Soviet troops, along with the KGB Spetsnaz Alpha Group, stormed the Vilnius TV Tower in Lithuania to suppress the independence movement. Fourteen unarmed civilians were killed and hundreds more injured. On the night of July 31, 1991, Russian OMON from Riga, the Soviet military headquarters in the B... | What were the Soviets hoping to stop? | {
"answer_start": [
135
],
"text": [
"independence movement"
]
} |
57283caa3acd2414000df780 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On January 13, 1991, Soviet troops, along with the KGB Spetsnaz Alpha Group, stormed the Vilnius TV Tower in Lithuania to suppress the independence movement. Fourteen unarmed civilians were killed and hundreds more injured. On the night of July 31, 1991, Russian OMON from Riga, the Soviet military headquarters in the B... | How many civilians died in the attack? | {
"answer_start": [
158
],
"text": [
"Fourteen"
]
} |
57283caa3acd2414000df781 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On January 13, 1991, Soviet troops, along with the KGB Spetsnaz Alpha Group, stormed the Vilnius TV Tower in Lithuania to suppress the independence movement. Fourteen unarmed civilians were killed and hundreds more injured. On the night of July 31, 1991, Russian OMON from Riga, the Soviet military headquarters in the B... | What was attacked by Russians on July 31? | {
"answer_start": [
342
],
"text": [
"Lithuanian border post in Medininkai"
]
} |
57283d0e2ca10214002da156 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Faced with growing separatism, Gorbachev sought to restructure the Soviet Union into a less centralized state. On August 20, 1991, the Russian SFSR was scheduled to sign a New Union Treaty that would have converted the Soviet Union into a federation of independent republics with a common president, foreign policy and m... | What was Gorbachev attempting to decentralize? | {
"answer_start": [
67
],
"text": [
"Soviet Union"
]
} |
57283d0e2ca10214002da157 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Faced with growing separatism, Gorbachev sought to restructure the Soviet Union into a less centralized state. On August 20, 1991, the Russian SFSR was scheduled to sign a New Union Treaty that would have converted the Soviet Union into a federation of independent republics with a common president, foreign policy and m... | What was supposed to be signed on August 20? | {
"answer_start": [
172
],
"text": [
"New Union Treaty"
]
} |
57283d0e2ca10214002da158 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Faced with growing separatism, Gorbachev sought to restructure the Soviet Union into a less centralized state. On August 20, 1991, the Russian SFSR was scheduled to sign a New Union Treaty that would have converted the Soviet Union into a federation of independent republics with a common president, foreign policy and m... | Who supported the treaty? | {
"answer_start": [
362
],
"text": [
"Central Asian republics,"
]
} |
57283d0e2ca10214002da159 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Faced with growing separatism, Gorbachev sought to restructure the Soviet Union into a less centralized state. On August 20, 1991, the Russian SFSR was scheduled to sign a New Union Treaty that would have converted the Soviet Union into a federation of independent republics with a common president, foreign policy and m... | What would have maintained power if the treaty was signed? | {
"answer_start": [
509
],
"text": [
"Communist Party"
]
} |
57283dd4ff5b5019007d9fd0 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | More radical reformists were increasingly convinced that a rapid transition to a market economy was required, even if the eventual outcome meant the disintegration of the Soviet Union into several independent states. Independence also accorded with Yeltsin's desires as president of the Russian Federation, as well as th... | What did radicals want to change the economy to? | {
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"market economy"
]
} |
57283dd4ff5b5019007d9fd1 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | More radical reformists were increasingly convinced that a rapid transition to a market economy was required, even if the eventual outcome meant the disintegration of the Soviet Union into several independent states. Independence also accorded with Yeltsin's desires as president of the Russian Federation, as well as th... | What were they prepared to have happen to the Soviet Union in order to get a market economy? | {
"answer_start": [
149
],
"text": [
"disintegration"
]
} |
57283dd4ff5b5019007d9fd2 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | More radical reformists were increasingly convinced that a rapid transition to a market economy was required, even if the eventual outcome meant the disintegration of the Soviet Union into several independent states. Independence also accorded with Yeltsin's desires as president of the Russian Federation, as well as th... | What was Yeltsin president of? | {
"answer_start": [
283
],
"text": [
"the Russian Federation,"
]
} |
57283dd4ff5b5019007d9fd3 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | More radical reformists were increasingly convinced that a rapid transition to a market economy was required, even if the eventual outcome meant the disintegration of the Soviet Union into several independent states. Independence also accorded with Yeltsin's desires as president of the Russian Federation, as well as th... | Whose control were regional authorities hoping to do away with? | {
"answer_start": [
372
],
"text": [
"Moscow’s"
]
} |
57283e793acd2414000df7ab | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Thousands of Muscovites came out to defend the White House (the Russian Federation's parliament and Yeltsin's office), the symbolic seat of Russian sovereignty at the time. The organizers tried but ultimately failed to arrest Yeltsin, who rallied opposition to the coup with speech-making atop a tank. The special forces... | Who arrived to protect the White House? | {
"answer_start": [
13
],
"text": [
"Muscovites"
]
} |
57283e793acd2414000df7ac | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Thousands of Muscovites came out to defend the White House (the Russian Federation's parliament and Yeltsin's office), the symbolic seat of Russian sovereignty at the time. The organizers tried but ultimately failed to arrest Yeltsin, who rallied opposition to the coup with speech-making atop a tank. The special forces... | Who did the organizers want to arrest? | {
"answer_start": [
226
],
"text": [
"Yeltsin"
]
} |
57283e793acd2414000df7ad | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Thousands of Muscovites came out to defend the White House (the Russian Federation's parliament and Yeltsin's office), the symbolic seat of Russian sovereignty at the time. The organizers tried but ultimately failed to arrest Yeltsin, who rallied opposition to the coup with speech-making atop a tank. The special forces... | Where was Yeltsin during the coup? | {
"answer_start": [
289
],
"text": [
"atop a tank"
]
} |
57283e793acd2414000df7ae | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Thousands of Muscovites came out to defend the White House (the Russian Federation's parliament and Yeltsin's office), the symbolic seat of Russian sovereignty at the time. The organizers tried but ultimately failed to arrest Yeltsin, who rallied opposition to the coup with speech-making atop a tank. The special forces... | What was Yeltsin doing on the tank? | {
"answer_start": [
275
],
"text": [
"speech-making"
]
} |
57283e793acd2414000df7af | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Thousands of Muscovites came out to defend the White House (the Russian Federation's parliament and Yeltsin's office), the symbolic seat of Russian sovereignty at the time. The organizers tried but ultimately failed to arrest Yeltsin, who rallied opposition to the coup with speech-making atop a tank. The special forces... | What TV channel carried the broadcast of the coup? | {
"answer_start": [
555
],
"text": [
"CNN"
]
} |
57283ef9ff5b5019007d9fe8 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On December 8, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus secretly met in Belavezhskaya Pushcha, in western Belarus, and signed the Belavezha Accords, which proclaimed the Soviet Union had ceased to exist and announced formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as a looser association to take its place.... | Where was the secret meeting of the leaders? | {
"answer_start": [
109
],
"text": [
"Belarus"
]
} |
57283ef9ff5b5019007d9fe9 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On December 8, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus secretly met in Belavezhskaya Pushcha, in western Belarus, and signed the Belavezha Accords, which proclaimed the Soviet Union had ceased to exist and announced formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as a looser association to take its place.... | What was signed at the secret meeting in Balarus? | {
"answer_start": [
133
],
"text": [
"Belavezha Accords"
]
} |
57283ef9ff5b5019007d9fea | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On December 8, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus secretly met in Belavezhskaya Pushcha, in western Belarus, and signed the Belavezha Accords, which proclaimed the Soviet Union had ceased to exist and announced formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as a looser association to take its place.... | When was the meeting held? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"December 8"
]
} |
57283ef9ff5b5019007d9feb | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On December 8, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus secretly met in Belavezhskaya Pushcha, in western Belarus, and signed the Belavezha Accords, which proclaimed the Soviet Union had ceased to exist and announced formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as a looser association to take its place.... | What was formed to replace the Soviet Union? | {
"answer_start": [
233
],
"text": [
"the Commonwealth of Independent States"
]
} |
57283ef9ff5b5019007d9fec | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On December 8, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus secretly met in Belavezhskaya Pushcha, in western Belarus, and signed the Belavezha Accords, which proclaimed the Soviet Union had ceased to exist and announced formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as a looser association to take its place.... | What was coming to an end? | {
"answer_start": [
527
],
"text": [
"the USSR"
]
} |
57283f713acd2414000df7b5 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On December 12, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR formally ratified the Belavezha Accords and renounced the 1922 Union Treaty. The Russian deputies were also recalled from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The legality of this action was questionable, since Soviet law did not allow a republic to unilaterally recall ... | When were the Belavezha Accords ratified? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"December 12"
]
} |
57283f713acd2414000df7b6 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On December 12, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR formally ratified the Belavezha Accords and renounced the 1922 Union Treaty. The Russian deputies were also recalled from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The legality of this action was questionable, since Soviet law did not allow a republic to unilaterally recall ... | Who ratified the Accords? | {
"answer_start": [
16
],
"text": [
"the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR"
]
} |
57283f713acd2414000df7b7 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On December 12, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR formally ratified the Belavezha Accords and renounced the 1922 Union Treaty. The Russian deputies were also recalled from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The legality of this action was questionable, since Soviet law did not allow a republic to unilaterally recall ... | Who was recalled? | {
"answer_start": [
136
],
"text": [
"Russian deputies"
]
} |
57283f713acd2414000df7b8 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On December 12, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR formally ratified the Belavezha Accords and renounced the 1922 Union Treaty. The Russian deputies were also recalled from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The legality of this action was questionable, since Soviet law did not allow a republic to unilaterally recall ... | Who showed signs that he was considering resigning his position? | {
"answer_start": [
639
],
"text": [
"Gorbachev"
]
} |
572840282ca10214002da18a | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Doubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which confirmed the dissolution of the Union and f... | Which republic did not sign the Alma-Ata Protocol? | {
"answer_start": [
230
],
"text": [
"Georgia"
]
} |
572840282ca10214002da18b | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Doubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which confirmed the dissolution of the Union and f... | How many of the former republics had representatives sign the Protocol? | {
"answer_start": [
187
],
"text": [
"11"
]
} |
572840282ca10214002da18c | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Doubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which confirmed the dissolution of the Union and f... | What did the Protocol establish? | {
"answer_start": [
533
],
"text": [
"CIS"
]
} |
572840282ca10214002da18d | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Doubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which confirmed the dissolution of the Union and f... | What was dissolved by the Protocol? | {
"answer_start": [
309
],
"text": [
"Union"
]
} |
572840282ca10214002da18e | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Doubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which confirmed the dissolution of the Union and f... | Which news organization did Gorbachev talk to about his resignation plans? | {
"answer_start": [
476
],
"text": [
"CBS"
]
} |
572840c42ca10214002da198 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, "I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics." He declared the office extinct, and all of its powers (such as control of ... | When did Gorbachev resign? | {
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"December 25, 1991"
]
} |
572840c42ca10214002da199 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, "I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics." He declared the office extinct, and all of its powers (such as control of ... | Who was given control after Gorbachev left? | {
"answer_start": [
355
],
"text": [
"Yeltsin"
]
} |
572840c42ca10214002da19a | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, "I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics." He declared the office extinct, and all of its powers (such as control of ... | What was Russia's new legal name? | {
"answer_start": [
637
],
"text": [
"Russian Federation"
]
} |
572840c42ca10214002da19b | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, "I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics." He declared the office extinct, and all of its powers (such as control of ... | What was the Russian Federations previous legal name? | {
"answer_start": [
587
],
"text": [
"Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic"
]
} |
572841874b864d1900164818 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union. The next day, December 26, 1991, the Council of Republics, the upper chamber o... | What went down after Gorbachev departed from the Kremlin? | {
"answer_start": [
99
],
"text": [
"Soviet flag"
]
} |
572841874b864d1900164819 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union. The next day, December 26, 1991, the Council of Republics, the upper chamber o... | What replaced the Soviet flag? | {
"answer_start": [
150
],
"text": [
"Russian tricolor"
]
} |
572841874b864d190016481a | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union. The next day, December 26, 1991, the Council of Republics, the upper chamber o... | When did Gorbachev make his final Kremlin exit? | {
"answer_start": [
16
],
"text": [
"December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time"
]
} |
572841874b864d190016481b | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union. The next day, December 26, 1991, the Council of Republics, the upper chamber o... | What was declared as having ceased to exist? | {
"answer_start": [
503
],
"text": [
"the Soviet Union"
]
} |
572841874b864d190016481c | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union. The next day, December 26, 1991, the Council of Republics, the upper chamber o... | What body also stopped existing following a vote by itself to end itself? | {
"answer_start": [
305
],
"text": [
"upper chamber of the Union's Supreme Soviet,"
]
} |
5728431b4b864d190016483e | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The Alma-Ata Protocol also addressed other issues, including UN membership. Notably, Russia was authorized to assume the Soviet Union's UN membership, including its permanent seat on the Security Council. The Soviet Ambassador to the UN delivered a letter signed by Russian President Yeltsin to the UN Secretary-General ... | Which country took over the Soviet Union's UN membership? | {
"answer_start": [
85
],
"text": [
"Russia"
]
} |
5728431b4b864d190016483f | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The Alma-Ata Protocol also addressed other issues, including UN membership. Notably, Russia was authorized to assume the Soviet Union's UN membership, including its permanent seat on the Security Council. The Soviet Ambassador to the UN delivered a letter signed by Russian President Yeltsin to the UN Secretary-General ... | What made Russia the successor state to the USSR? | {
"answer_start": [
381
],
"text": [
"Alma-Ata Protocol"
]
} |
5728431b4b864d1900164840 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The Alma-Ata Protocol also addressed other issues, including UN membership. Notably, Russia was authorized to assume the Soviet Union's UN membership, including its permanent seat on the Security Council. The Soviet Ambassador to the UN delivered a letter signed by Russian President Yeltsin to the UN Secretary-General ... | Who wrote the letter to the UN secretary general informing them that Russia would be replacing the USSR? | {
"answer_start": [
284
],
"text": [
"Yeltsin"
]
} |
5728431b4b864d1900164841 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The Alma-Ata Protocol also addressed other issues, including UN membership. Notably, Russia was authorized to assume the Soviet Union's UN membership, including its permanent seat on the Security Council. The Soviet Ambassador to the UN delivered a letter signed by Russian President Yeltsin to the UN Secretary-General ... | What was the date on the Yeltsin letter? | {
"answer_start": [
326
],
"text": [
"December 24, 1991"
]
} |
5728431b4b864d1900164842 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | The Alma-Ata Protocol also addressed other issues, including UN membership. Notably, Russia was authorized to assume the Soviet Union's UN membership, including its permanent seat on the Security Council. The Soviet Ambassador to the UN delivered a letter signed by Russian President Yeltsin to the UN Secretary-General ... | When did the UN accept the statement? | {
"answer_start": [
592
],
"text": [
"December 31, 1991"
]
} |
572843344b864d1900164852 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On November 18, 1990, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church enthroned Mstyslav as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine during ceremonies at Saint Sophia's Cathedral. Also on November 18, Canada announced that its consul-general to Kiev would be Ukrainian-Canadian Nestor Gayowsky. On November 19, the United States an... | Who was set up as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine on the 18th of November? | {
"answer_start": [
76
],
"text": [
"Mstyslav"
]
} |
572843344b864d1900164853 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On November 18, 1990, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church enthroned Mstyslav as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine during ceremonies at Saint Sophia's Cathedral. Also on November 18, Canada announced that its consul-general to Kiev would be Ukrainian-Canadian Nestor Gayowsky. On November 19, the United States an... | Who gave Mstyslav this title? | {
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church"
]
} |
572843344b864d1900164854 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On November 18, 1990, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church enthroned Mstyslav as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine during ceremonies at Saint Sophia's Cathedral. Also on November 18, Canada announced that its consul-general to Kiev would be Ukrainian-Canadian Nestor Gayowsky. On November 19, the United States an... | Who was the Canadian consul-general to Kiev? | {
"answer_start": [
267
],
"text": [
"Nestor Gayowsky"
]
} |
572843344b864d1900164855 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On November 18, 1990, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church enthroned Mstyslav as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine during ceremonies at Saint Sophia's Cathedral. Also on November 18, Canada announced that its consul-general to Kiev would be Ukrainian-Canadian Nestor Gayowsky. On November 19, the United States an... | What country made John Stepanchuk its consul-general to Kiev? | {
"answer_start": [
304
],
"text": [
"United States"
]
} |
572843344b864d1900164856 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On November 18, 1990, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church enthroned Mstyslav as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine during ceremonies at Saint Sophia's Cathedral. Also on November 18, Canada announced that its consul-general to Kiev would be Ukrainian-Canadian Nestor Gayowsky. On November 19, the United States an... | How long lasting was the pact between Kravchuk and Yeltsin? | {
"answer_start": [
513
],
"text": [
"10-year"
]
} |
57276e1af1498d1400e8f7ea | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being cr... | Who was the person that tried Jesus? | {
"answer_start": [
159
],
"text": [
"Pontius Pilate"
]
} |
57276e1af1498d1400e8f7eb | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being cr... | How long was Jesus hung for? | {
"answer_start": [
350
],
"text": [
"six hours"
]
} |
57276e1af1498d1400e8f7ec | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being cr... | What did the sign say on top of Jesus' cross? | {
"answer_start": [
499
],
"text": [
"Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews"
]
} |
57276e1af1498d1400e8f7ed | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being cr... | What was done to make sure Jesus was dead? | {
"answer_start": [
655
],
"text": [
"they pierced his side with a spear"
]
} |
57276e1af1498d1400e8f7ee | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being cr... | How many statements did Jesus make on the cross? | {
"answer_start": [
740
],
"text": [
"seven statements"
]
} |
57276ff85951b619008f89df | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these "two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent" and "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the startin... | What is one of the historical certain facts about Jesus? | {
"answer_start": [
4
],
"text": [
"baptism of Jesus"
]
} |
57276ff85951b619008f89e0 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these "two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent" and "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the startin... | Do non-Christians agree that the Crucifixion happened? | {
"answer_start": [
521
],
"text": [
"the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be"
]
} |
57276ff85951b619008f89e1 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these "two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent" and "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the startin... | Is the exact reason known that Jesus got Crucified for? | {
"answer_start": [
886
],
"text": [
"the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine"
]
} |
57276ff85951b619008f89e2 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these "two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent" and "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the startin... | Who said the Crucifixion of Jesus is firmly established. | {
"answer_start": [
591
],
"text": [
"Eddy"
]
} |
57276ff85951b619008f89e3 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these "two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent" and "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the startin... | Who said the Baptism of Jesus was Univeral Assent? | {
"answer_start": [
106
],
"text": [
"James Dunn"
]
} |
572770dd5951b619008f89fd | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Although almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary, the 1968 archeological discovery just northeast of Jerusalem of the body of a crucified man dated to the 1st century provided good confirmatory evidence that crucifixions occurred during the Roman period roughly according to the manner in which t... | Are all sources of the crucification literary? | {
"answer_start": [
9
],
"text": [
"almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary"
]
} |
572770dd5951b619008f89fe | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Although almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary, the 1968 archeological discovery just northeast of Jerusalem of the body of a crucified man dated to the 1st century provided good confirmatory evidence that crucifixions occurred during the Roman period roughly according to the manner in which t... | What evidence was found that Crucifixion did happen? | {
"answer_start": [
74
],
"text": [
"the 1968 archeological discovery"
]
} |
572770dd5951b619008f89ff | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Although almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary, the 1968 archeological discovery just northeast of Jerusalem of the body of a crucified man dated to the 1st century provided good confirmatory evidence that crucifixions occurred during the Roman period roughly according to the manner in which t... | Who was the crucified man discovered in an archaeological find? | {
"answer_start": [
419
],
"text": [
"ben Hagkol"
]
} |
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