id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5728d2b3ff5b5019007da774 | Asthma | The prognosis for asthma is generally good, especially for children with mild disease. Mortality has decreased over the last few decades due to better recognition and improvement in care. Globally it causes moderate or severe disability in 19.4 million people as of 2004 (16 million of which are in low and middle income... | Worldwide, how many people suffer from asthma? | {
"answer_start": [
240
],
"text": [
"19.4 million people as of 2004"
]
} |
5728d2b3ff5b5019007da775 | Asthma | The prognosis for asthma is generally good, especially for children with mild disease. Mortality has decreased over the last few decades due to better recognition and improvement in care. Globally it causes moderate or severe disability in 19.4 million people as of 2004 (16 million of which are in low and middle income... | How many cases that are diagnosed in childhood make it past 10 years with asthma? | {
"answer_start": [
371
],
"text": [
"half of cases will no longer carry the diagnosis after a decade"
]
} |
5728d47d2ca10214002da8d8 | Asthma | As of 2011, 235–330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma, and approximately 250,000–345,000 people die per year from the disease. Rates vary between countries with prevalences between 1 and 18%. It is more common in developed than developing countries. One thus sees lower rates in Asia, Eastern Europe and Af... | By 2011, how many people were affected by asthma? | {
"answer_start": [
12
],
"text": [
"235–330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma"
]
} |
5728d47d2ca10214002da8d9 | Asthma | As of 2011, 235–330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma, and approximately 250,000–345,000 people die per year from the disease. Rates vary between countries with prevalences between 1 and 18%. It is more common in developed than developing countries. One thus sees lower rates in Asia, Eastern Europe and Af... | How many people die per year from asthma? | {
"answer_start": [
87
],
"text": [
"250,000–345,000 people"
]
} |
5728d47d2ca10214002da8da | Asthma | As of 2011, 235–330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma, and approximately 250,000–345,000 people die per year from the disease. Rates vary between countries with prevalences between 1 and 18%. It is more common in developed than developing countries. One thus sees lower rates in Asia, Eastern Europe and Af... | What countries is asthma more commonly seen? | {
"answer_start": [
206
],
"text": [
"It is more common in developed than developing countries"
]
} |
5728d47d2ca10214002da8db | Asthma | As of 2011, 235–330 million people worldwide are affected by asthma, and approximately 250,000–345,000 people die per year from the disease. Rates vary between countries with prevalences between 1 and 18%. It is more common in developed than developing countries. One thus sees lower rates in Asia, Eastern Europe and Af... | Why are different countries effected differently? | {
"answer_start": [
492
],
"text": [
"The reason for these differences is not well known"
]
} |
5728d7c4ff5b5019007da7f4 | Asthma | From 2000 to 2010, the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay in the United States for children remained relatively stable at about $3,600, whereas the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay for adults increased from $5,200 to $6,600. In 2010, Medicaid was the most frequent primary payer among children an... | How much was the average cost of hospital stays for asthma-related issues for children?? | {
"answer_start": [
133
],
"text": [
"about $3,600"
]
} |
5728d7c4ff5b5019007da7f5 | Asthma | From 2000 to 2010, the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay in the United States for children remained relatively stable at about $3,600, whereas the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay for adults increased from $5,200 to $6,600. In 2010, Medicaid was the most frequent primary payer among children an... | How much was the average cost of hospital stays for asthma-related issues for adults? | {
"answer_start": [
226
],
"text": [
"from $5,200 to $6,600"
]
} |
5728d7c4ff5b5019007da7f6 | Asthma | From 2000 to 2010, the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay in the United States for children remained relatively stable at about $3,600, whereas the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay for adults increased from $5,200 to $6,600. In 2010, Medicaid was the most frequent primary payer among children an... | Who was the most frequent primary payer amount children and adults? | {
"answer_start": [
258
],
"text": [
"Medicaid"
]
} |
5728d7c4ff5b5019007da7f7 | Asthma | From 2000 to 2010, the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay in the United States for children remained relatively stable at about $3,600, whereas the average cost per asthma-related hospital stay for adults increased from $5,200 to $6,600. In 2010, Medicaid was the most frequent primary payer among children an... | Who was more likely to seek hospital help in the US for asthma reasons? | {
"answer_start": [
456
],
"text": [
"the lowest income communities"
]
} |
5728d8654b864d1900164f62 | Asthma | In 1873, one of the first papers in modern medicine on the subject tried to explain the pathophysiology of the disease while one in 1872, concluded that asthma can be cured by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment. Medical treatment in 1880, included the use of intravenous doses of a drug called pilocarpin. In 188... | When was the first paper written about asthma? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"In 1873"
]
} |
5728d8654b864d1900164f63 | Asthma | In 1873, one of the first papers in modern medicine on the subject tried to explain the pathophysiology of the disease while one in 1872, concluded that asthma can be cured by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment. Medical treatment in 1880, included the use of intravenous doses of a drug called pilocarpin. In 188... | What was first used as a cure for asthma? | {
"answer_start": [
173
],
"text": [
"by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment"
]
} |
5728d8654b864d1900164f64 | Asthma | In 1873, one of the first papers in modern medicine on the subject tried to explain the pathophysiology of the disease while one in 1872, concluded that asthma can be cured by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment. Medical treatment in 1880, included the use of intravenous doses of a drug called pilocarpin. In 188... | In 1880 what was used intraveniously for asthma? | {
"answer_start": [
302
],
"text": [
"pilocarpin"
]
} |
5728d8654b864d1900164f65 | Asthma | In 1873, one of the first papers in modern medicine on the subject tried to explain the pathophysiology of the disease while one in 1872, concluded that asthma can be cured by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment. Medical treatment in 1880, included the use of intravenous doses of a drug called pilocarpin. In 188... | When did inhaled corticosteroids and short acting beta agonist start being used? | {
"answer_start": [
619
],
"text": [
"in the 1960s"
]
} |
57280c4bff5b5019007d9bb2 | LaserDisc | Although the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programmin... | Did LaserDisks offer higher or lower quality sound and picture than VHS? | {
"answer_start": [
44
],
"text": [
"higher-quality"
]
} |
57280c4bff5b5019007d9bb3 | LaserDisc | Although the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programmin... | Why didn't LaserDisk gain popularity in North America? | {
"answer_start": [
224
],
"text": [
"high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programming"
]
} |
57280c4bff5b5019007d9bb4 | LaserDisc | Although the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programmin... | With whom was LaserDisk a popular choice for it's picture and sound quality? | {
"answer_start": [
693
],
"text": [
"videophiles and film enthusiasts"
]
} |
57280c4bff5b5019007d9bb5 | LaserDisc | Although the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programmin... | In what city was LaserDisk used as a popular rental medium in the 1990s? | {
"answer_start": [
584
],
"text": [
"Hong Kong"
]
} |
572812a04b864d19001643c0 | LaserDisc | LaserDisc was first available on the market, in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1978, two years after the introduction of the VHS VCR, and four years before the introduction of the CD (which is based on laser disc technology). Initially licensed, sold, and marketed as MCA DiscoVision (also known as simply "DiscoVisio... | Where was LaserDisc first available? | {
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"Atlanta, Georgia"
]
} |
572812a04b864d19001643c1 | LaserDisc | LaserDisc was first available on the market, in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1978, two years after the introduction of the VHS VCR, and four years before the introduction of the CD (which is based on laser disc technology). Initially licensed, sold, and marketed as MCA DiscoVision (also known as simply "DiscoVisio... | How many years after VHS was LaserDisk released? | {
"answer_start": [
88
],
"text": [
"two years"
]
} |
572812a04b864d19001643c2 | LaserDisc | LaserDisc was first available on the market, in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1978, two years after the introduction of the VHS VCR, and four years before the introduction of the CD (which is based on laser disc technology). Initially licensed, sold, and marketed as MCA DiscoVision (also known as simply "DiscoVisio... | Under what name was LaserDisc originally marketed? | {
"answer_start": [
271
],
"text": [
"MCA DiscoVision"
]
} |
572812a04b864d19001643c3 | LaserDisc | LaserDisc was first available on the market, in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1978, two years after the introduction of the VHS VCR, and four years before the introduction of the CD (which is based on laser disc technology). Initially licensed, sold, and marketed as MCA DiscoVision (also known as simply "DiscoVisio... | How did the first viewers refer to the media? | {
"answer_start": [
569
],
"text": [
"\"Video Long Play\""
]
} |
57281747ff5b5019007d9cfc | LaserDisc | Pioneer Electronics later purchased the majority stake in the format and marketed it as both LaserVision (format name) and LaserDisc (brand name) in 1980, with some releases unofficially referring to the medium as "Laser Videodisc". Philips produced the players while MCA produced the discs. The Philips-MCA cooperation ... | Who purchased the majority stake and re-marketed the product in 1980? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Pioneer Electronics"
]
} |
57281747ff5b5019007d9cfd | LaserDisc | Pioneer Electronics later purchased the majority stake in the format and marketed it as both LaserVision (format name) and LaserDisc (brand name) in 1980, with some releases unofficially referring to the medium as "Laser Videodisc". Philips produced the players while MCA produced the discs. The Philips-MCA cooperation ... | Was Laserdisk officially or unofficially reffered to as "Laser Videodisc"? | {
"answer_start": [
174
],
"text": [
"unofficially"
]
} |
57281747ff5b5019007d9cfe | LaserDisc | Pioneer Electronics later purchased the majority stake in the format and marketed it as both LaserVision (format name) and LaserDisc (brand name) in 1980, with some releases unofficially referring to the medium as "Laser Videodisc". Philips produced the players while MCA produced the discs. The Philips-MCA cooperation ... | Did MCA produce the disc or the players after being bought out? | {
"answer_start": [
285
],
"text": [
"discs"
]
} |
57281747ff5b5019007d9cff | LaserDisc | Pioneer Electronics later purchased the majority stake in the format and marketed it as both LaserVision (format name) and LaserDisc (brand name) in 1980, with some releases unofficially referring to the medium as "Laser Videodisc". Philips produced the players while MCA produced the discs. The Philips-MCA cooperation ... | Who were the scientists that worked on the early research for Laserdiscs? | {
"answer_start": [
438
],
"text": [
"Richard Wilkinson, Ray Dakin and John Winslow"
]
} |
57281747ff5b5019007d9d00 | LaserDisc | Pioneer Electronics later purchased the majority stake in the format and marketed it as both LaserVision (format name) and LaserDisc (brand name) in 1980, with some releases unofficially referring to the medium as "Laser Videodisc". Philips produced the players while MCA produced the discs. The Philips-MCA cooperation ... | What company did the early Laserdisc researchers later found? | {
"answer_start": [
493
],
"text": [
"Optical Disc Corporation (now ODC Nimbus)"
]
} |
57281a754b864d1900164492 | LaserDisc | By the early 2000s, LaserDisc was completely replaced by DVD in the North American retail marketplace, as neither players nor software were then produced. Players were still exported to North America from Japan until the end of 2001. The format has retained some popularity among American collectors, and to a greater de... | What product replaced LaserDisc in North America by the early 2000s? | {
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"DVD"
]
} |
57281a754b864d1900164493 | LaserDisc | By the early 2000s, LaserDisc was completely replaced by DVD in the North American retail marketplace, as neither players nor software were then produced. Players were still exported to North America from Japan until the end of 2001. The format has retained some popularity among American collectors, and to a greater de... | Who chose LaserFisc for their Domesday Project in the mid-1980s? | {
"answer_start": [
486
],
"text": [
"British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)"
]
} |
57281a754b864d1900164494 | LaserDisc | By the early 2000s, LaserDisc was completely replaced by DVD in the North American retail marketplace, as neither players nor software were then produced. Players were still exported to North America from Japan until the end of 2001. The format has retained some popularity among American collectors, and to a greater de... | What was the BBC Domesday Project? | {
"answer_start": [
572
],
"text": [
"a school-based project to commemorate 900 years since the original Domesday Book in England"
]
} |
57281a754b864d1900164495 | LaserDisc | By the early 2000s, LaserDisc was completely replaced by DVD in the North American retail marketplace, as neither players nor software were then produced. Players were still exported to North America from Japan until the end of 2001. The format has retained some popularity among American collectors, and to a greater de... | Which country still exported players to North America until 2001? | {
"answer_start": [
328
],
"text": [
"Japan"
]
} |
57281b8eff5b5019007d9d5c | LaserDisc | The standard home video LaserDisc was 30 cm (12 in) in diameter and made up of two single-sided aluminum discs layered in plastic. Although appearing similar to compact discs or DVDs, LaserDiscs used analog video stored in the composite domain (having a video bandwidth approximately equivalent to the 1-inch (25 mm) C-T... | How large was a standard LaserDisc? | {
"answer_start": [
38
],
"text": [
"30 cm (12 in) in diameter"
]
} |
57281b8eff5b5019007d9d5d | LaserDisc | The standard home video LaserDisc was 30 cm (12 in) in diameter and made up of two single-sided aluminum discs layered in plastic. Although appearing similar to compact discs or DVDs, LaserDiscs used analog video stored in the composite domain (having a video bandwidth approximately equivalent to the 1-inch (25 mm) C-T... | What numbers are used in Binary information coding? | {
"answer_start": [
811
],
"text": [
"1s and 0s"
]
} |
57281b8eff5b5019007d9d5e | LaserDisc | The standard home video LaserDisc was 30 cm (12 in) in diameter and made up of two single-sided aluminum discs layered in plastic. Although appearing similar to compact discs or DVDs, LaserDiscs used analog video stored in the composite domain (having a video bandwidth approximately equivalent to the 1-inch (25 mm) C-T... | Were the ealiest LaserDiscs in 1978 analog or digitally formatted? | {
"answer_start": [
909
],
"text": [
"analog"
]
} |
57281dd5ff5b5019007d9d74 | LaserDisc | As Pioneer introduced Digital Audio to LaserDisc in 1985, they further refined the CAA format. CAA55 was introduced in 1985 with a total playback capacity per side of 55 minutes 5 seconds, reducing the video capacity to resolve bandwidth issues with the inclusion of Digital Audio. Several titles released between 1985 a... | What was the length capacity of the CAA55 format? | {
"answer_start": [
167
],
"text": [
"55 minutes 5 seconds"
]
} |
57281dd5ff5b5019007d9d75 | LaserDisc | As Pioneer introduced Digital Audio to LaserDisc in 1985, they further refined the CAA format. CAA55 was introduced in 1985 with a total playback capacity per side of 55 minutes 5 seconds, reducing the video capacity to resolve bandwidth issues with the inclusion of Digital Audio. Several titles released between 1985 a... | Why was Back to the Future released with analog sound? | {
"answer_start": [
351
],
"text": [
"due to the length of the title and the desire to keep the film on one disc"
]
} |
57281dd5ff5b5019007d9d76 | LaserDisc | As Pioneer introduced Digital Audio to LaserDisc in 1985, they further refined the CAA format. CAA55 was introduced in 1985 with a total playback capacity per side of 55 minutes 5 seconds, reducing the video capacity to resolve bandwidth issues with the inclusion of Digital Audio. Several titles released between 1985 a... | What was the maximum length of the CAA60 format? | {
"answer_start": [
573
],
"text": [
"60 minutes 5 seconds"
]
} |
57281dd5ff5b5019007d9d77 | LaserDisc | As Pioneer introduced Digital Audio to LaserDisc in 1985, they further refined the CAA format. CAA55 was introduced in 1985 with a total playback capacity per side of 55 minutes 5 seconds, reducing the video capacity to resolve bandwidth issues with the inclusion of Digital Audio. Several titles released between 1985 a... | How many works were released to the public with the CAA70 format? | {
"answer_start": [
988
],
"text": [
"There are not any known uses of this format on the consumer market"
]
} |
572826224b864d19001645a4 | LaserDisc | Sound could be stored in either analog or digital format and in a variety of surround sound formats; NTSC discs could carry two analog audio tracks, plus two uncompressed PCM digital audio tracks, which were (EFM, CIRC, 16-bit and 44.056 kHz sample rate). PAL discs could carry one pair of audio tracks, either analog or... | What was the difference between LaserDisc and LaserVision in the UK? | {
"answer_start": [
419
],
"text": [
"\"LaserVision\" is used to refer to discs with analog sound, while \"LaserDisc\" is used for those with digital audio"
]
} |
572826224b864d19001645a5 | LaserDisc | Sound could be stored in either analog or digital format and in a variety of surround sound formats; NTSC discs could carry two analog audio tracks, plus two uncompressed PCM digital audio tracks, which were (EFM, CIRC, 16-bit and 44.056 kHz sample rate). PAL discs could carry one pair of audio tracks, either analog or... | The Phantom Menace was one of the first home videos to use what sound format? | {
"answer_start": [
864
],
"text": [
"6.1 channel Dolby Digital EX Surround."
]
} |
572826224b864d19001645a6 | LaserDisc | Sound could be stored in either analog or digital format and in a variety of surround sound formats; NTSC discs could carry two analog audio tracks, plus two uncompressed PCM digital audio tracks, which were (EFM, CIRC, 16-bit and 44.056 kHz sample rate). PAL discs could carry one pair of audio tracks, either analog or... | What sound formatting do DVDs use? | {
"answer_start": [
928
],
"text": [
"Dolby Digital audio in digital form"
]
} |
572828724b864d1900164606 | LaserDisc | In the mid to late 1990s many higher-end AV receivers included the demodulator circuit specifically for the LaserDisc players RF modulated Dolby Digital AC-3 signal. By the late 1990s with LaserDisc players and disc sales declining due to DVD's growing popularity the AV receiver manufacturers removed the demodulator ci... | What competition caused LaserDisc sales to decline? | {
"answer_start": [
239
],
"text": [
"DVD's growing popularity"
]
} |
572828724b864d1900164607 | LaserDisc | In the mid to late 1990s many higher-end AV receivers included the demodulator circuit specifically for the LaserDisc players RF modulated Dolby Digital AC-3 signal. By the late 1990s with LaserDisc players and disc sales declining due to DVD's growing popularity the AV receiver manufacturers removed the demodulator ci... | Did all AV receivers carry the demodulator circuits necessary for LaserDiscs, or only high-end models? | {
"answer_start": [
30
],
"text": [
"higher-end"
]
} |
572828724b864d1900164608 | LaserDisc | In the mid to late 1990s many higher-end AV receivers included the demodulator circuit specifically for the LaserDisc players RF modulated Dolby Digital AC-3 signal. By the late 1990s with LaserDisc players and disc sales declining due to DVD's growing popularity the AV receiver manufacturers removed the demodulator ci... | What did the Onkyo outboard demodulator covert the RF AC-2 signal to? | {
"answer_start": [
790
],
"text": [
"6-channel analog audio"
]
} |
57282cbd4b864d1900164658 | LaserDisc | At least where the digital audio tracks were concerned, the sound quality was unsurpassed at the time compared to consumer videotape, but the quality of the analog soundtracks varied greatly depending on the disc and, sometimes, the player. Many early and lower-end LD players had poor analog audio components, and many ... | Was sound quality from disc to disc and between players consistent or varied? | {
"answer_start": [
176
],
"text": [
"varied greatly"
]
} |
57282cbd4b864d1900164659 | LaserDisc | At least where the digital audio tracks were concerned, the sound quality was unsurpassed at the time compared to consumer videotape, but the quality of the analog soundtracks varied greatly depending on the disc and, sometimes, the player. Many early and lower-end LD players had poor analog audio components, and many ... | Was analog or digital formatting more popular with enthusiasts? | {
"answer_start": [
380
],
"text": [
"digital"
]
} |
57282cbd4b864d190016465a | LaserDisc | At least where the digital audio tracks were concerned, the sound quality was unsurpassed at the time compared to consumer videotape, but the quality of the analog soundtracks varied greatly depending on the disc and, sometimes, the player. Many early and lower-end LD players had poor analog audio components, and many ... | What result did adding CX Noise Reduction have on analog discs? | {
"answer_start": [
934
],
"text": [
"improved the signal-noise ratio of their audio"
]
} |
57282cbd4b864d190016465b | LaserDisc | At least where the digital audio tracks were concerned, the sound quality was unsurpassed at the time compared to consumer videotape, but the quality of the analog soundtracks varied greatly depending on the disc and, sometimes, the player. Many early and lower-end LD players had poor analog audio components, and many ... | Which company added digital sound option when re-releasing movies? | {
"answer_start": [
593
],
"text": [
"Universal"
]
} |
57282ff14b864d19001646a4 | LaserDisc | Both AC-3 and DTS surround audio were clumsily implemented on LaserDiscs, leading to some interesting player- and disc-dependent issues. A disc that included AC-3 audio forfeited the right analog audio channel to the modulated AC-3 RF stream. If the player did not have an AC-3 output available, the next most attractive... | Which channel would not work in conjunction with AC-3 audio? | {
"answer_start": [
183
],
"text": [
"right analog audio channel"
]
} |
57282ff14b864d19001646a5 | LaserDisc | Both AC-3 and DTS surround audio were clumsily implemented on LaserDiscs, leading to some interesting player- and disc-dependent issues. A disc that included AC-3 audio forfeited the right analog audio channel to the modulated AC-3 RF stream. If the player did not have an AC-3 output available, the next most attractive... | What audio playback options were available if an AC-3 output was not present? | {
"answer_start": [
350
],
"text": [
"digital Dolby Surround or stereo audio tracks"
]
} |
57282ff14b864d19001646a6 | LaserDisc | Both AC-3 and DTS surround audio were clumsily implemented on LaserDiscs, leading to some interesting player- and disc-dependent issues. A disc that included AC-3 audio forfeited the right analog audio channel to the modulated AC-3 RF stream. If the player did not have an AC-3 output available, the next most attractive... | What happens to the right channel in a player that doesn't recognize AC-3? | {
"answer_start": [
1052
],
"text": [
"garbage (static) output"
]
} |
572830d54b864d19001646c6 | LaserDisc | Only one 5.1 surround sound option exists on a given LaserDisc (either Dolby Digital or DTS), so if surround sound is desired, the disc must be matched to the capabilities of the playback equipment (LD Player and Receiver/Decoder) by the purchaser. A fully capable LaserDisc playback system includes a newer LaserDisc pl... | Are integrated AC-3 demodulators common in LaserDisc players or a rare find? | {
"answer_start": [
683
],
"text": [
"rare"
]
} |
572830d54b864d19001646c7 | LaserDisc | Only one 5.1 surround sound option exists on a given LaserDisc (either Dolby Digital or DTS), so if surround sound is desired, the disc must be matched to the capabilities of the playback equipment (LD Player and Receiver/Decoder) by the purchaser. A fully capable LaserDisc playback system includes a newer LaserDisc pl... | How many 5.1 surround sound options exist in LaserDiscs? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Only one"
]
} |
572830d54b864d19001646c8 | LaserDisc | Only one 5.1 surround sound option exists on a given LaserDisc (either Dolby Digital or DTS), so if surround sound is desired, the disc must be matched to the capabilities of the playback equipment (LD Player and Receiver/Decoder) by the purchaser. A fully capable LaserDisc playback system includes a newer LaserDisc pl... | What type of decoder logic is common in 1990s A/V receivers? | {
"answer_start": [
626
],
"text": [
"DTS"
]
} |
572831634b864d19001646d6 | LaserDisc | PAL LaserDiscs have a slightly longer playing time than NTSC discs, but have fewer audio options. PAL discs only have two audio tracks, consisting of either two analog-only tracks on older PAL LDs, or two digital-only tracks on newer discs. In comparison, later NTSC LDs are capable of carrying four tracks (two analog a... | Which has a longer playing time: PAL LaserDiscs or NTSC discs? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"PAL LaserDiscs"
]
} |
572831634b864d19001646d7 | LaserDisc | PAL LaserDiscs have a slightly longer playing time than NTSC discs, but have fewer audio options. PAL discs only have two audio tracks, consisting of either two analog-only tracks on older PAL LDs, or two digital-only tracks on newer discs. In comparison, later NTSC LDs are capable of carrying four tracks (two analog a... | How many audio tracks do PAL LaserDiscs have? | {
"answer_start": [
118
],
"text": [
"two"
]
} |
572831634b864d19001646d8 | LaserDisc | PAL LaserDiscs have a slightly longer playing time than NTSC discs, but have fewer audio options. PAL discs only have two audio tracks, consisting of either two analog-only tracks on older PAL LDs, or two digital-only tracks on newer discs. In comparison, later NTSC LDs are capable of carrying four tracks (two analog a... | Which two audio options are available on PAL LaserDiscs? | {
"answer_start": [
157
],
"text": [
"two analog-only tracks on older PAL LDs, or two digital-only tracks on newer discs"
]
} |
57283235ff5b5019007d9ed8 | LaserDisc | In March 1984, Pioneer introduced the first consumer player with a solid-state laser, the LD-700. It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top. One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture quality due to an inadeq... | What was the name of the first solid-state laser consumer LaserDisc player? | {
"answer_start": [
90
],
"text": [
"LD-700"
]
} |
57283235ff5b5019007d9ed9 | LaserDisc | In March 1984, Pioneer introduced the first consumer player with a solid-state laser, the LD-700. It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top. One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture quality due to an inadeq... | Besides a solid-state laser, what else was unique about the LD-700? | {
"answer_start": [
114
],
"text": [
"first LD player to load from the front and not the top"
]
} |
57283235ff5b5019007d9eda | LaserDisc | In March 1984, Pioneer introduced the first consumer player with a solid-state laser, the LD-700. It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top. One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture quality due to an inadeq... | When did Pioneer release the LD-700? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"March 1984"
]
} |
57283235ff5b5019007d9edb | LaserDisc | In March 1984, Pioneer introduced the first consumer player with a solid-state laser, the LD-700. It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top. One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture quality due to an inadeq... | Which company continued to use gas-lasers in industrial models of LD players although they were no longer used in consumer models? | {
"answer_start": [
505
],
"text": [
"Philips"
]
} |
572833943acd2414000df6d3 | LaserDisc | During its development, MCA, which co-owned the technology, referred to it as the Optical Videodisc System, "Reflective Optical Videodisc" or "Laser Optical Videodisc", depending on the document; changing the name once in 1969 to Disco-Vision and then again in 1978 to DiscoVision (without the hyphen), which became the ... | Which three names did MCA use for LaserDisc technology during its development? | {
"answer_start": [
82
],
"text": [
"Optical Videodisc System, \"Reflective Optical Videodisc\" or \"Laser Optical Videodisc\""
]
} |
572833943acd2414000df6d4 | LaserDisc | During its development, MCA, which co-owned the technology, referred to it as the Optical Videodisc System, "Reflective Optical Videodisc" or "Laser Optical Videodisc", depending on the document; changing the name once in 1969 to Disco-Vision and then again in 1978 to DiscoVision (without the hyphen), which became the ... | To what did MCA change the name to in 1969? | {
"answer_start": [
230
],
"text": [
"Disco-Vision"
]
} |
572833943acd2414000df6d5 | LaserDisc | During its development, MCA, which co-owned the technology, referred to it as the Optical Videodisc System, "Reflective Optical Videodisc" or "Laser Optical Videodisc", depending on the document; changing the name once in 1969 to Disco-Vision and then again in 1978 to DiscoVision (without the hyphen), which became the ... | When did MCA remove the hyphen from the name Disco-Vision? | {
"answer_start": [
261
],
"text": [
"1978"
]
} |
572833943acd2414000df6d6 | LaserDisc | During its development, MCA, which co-owned the technology, referred to it as the Optical Videodisc System, "Reflective Optical Videodisc" or "Laser Optical Videodisc", depending on the document; changing the name once in 1969 to Disco-Vision and then again in 1978 to DiscoVision (without the hyphen), which became the ... | Which company owned the rights to the world's largest collection of films during the 1970s? | {
"answer_start": [
505
],
"text": [
"MCA"
]
} |
572833943acd2414000df6d7 | LaserDisc | During its development, MCA, which co-owned the technology, referred to it as the Optical Videodisc System, "Reflective Optical Videodisc" or "Laser Optical Videodisc", depending on the document; changing the name once in 1969 to Disco-Vision and then again in 1978 to DiscoVision (without the hyphen), which became the ... | Consumer sales of MCA films began in 1978 with what movie? | {
"answer_start": [
811
],
"text": [
"Jaws"
]
} |
572834ffff5b5019007d9f1c | LaserDisc | Philips' preferred name for the format was "VLP", after the Dutch words Video Langspeel-Plaat ("Video long-play disc"), which in English-speaking countries stood for Video Long-Play. The first consumer player, the Magnavox VH-8000 even had the VLP logo on the player. For a while in the early and mid-1970s, Philips also... | What did VLP stand for in English-speaking countries? | {
"answer_start": [
166
],
"text": [
"Video Long-Play"
]
} |
572834ffff5b5019007d9f1d | LaserDisc | Philips' preferred name for the format was "VLP", after the Dutch words Video Langspeel-Plaat ("Video long-play disc"), which in English-speaking countries stood for Video Long-Play. The first consumer player, the Magnavox VH-8000 even had the VLP logo on the player. For a while in the early and mid-1970s, Philips also... | What was the first consumer VLP player? | {
"answer_start": [
214
],
"text": [
"Magnavox VH-8000"
]
} |
572834ffff5b5019007d9f1e | LaserDisc | Philips' preferred name for the format was "VLP", after the Dutch words Video Langspeel-Plaat ("Video long-play disc"), which in English-speaking countries stood for Video Long-Play. The first consumer player, the Magnavox VH-8000 even had the VLP logo on the player. For a while in the early and mid-1970s, Philips also... | Which group officially chose the name "Laservision"? | {
"answer_start": [
547
],
"text": [
"The LaserVision Association"
]
} |
572834ffff5b5019007d9f1f | LaserDisc | Philips' preferred name for the format was "VLP", after the Dutch words Video Langspeel-Plaat ("Video long-play disc"), which in English-speaking countries stood for Video Long-Play. The first consumer player, the Magnavox VH-8000 even had the VLP logo on the player. For a while in the early and mid-1970s, Philips also... | The Laservision Association was comprised of which companies? | {
"answer_start": [
587
],
"text": [
"MCA, Universal-Pioneer, IBM, and Philips/Magnavox"
]
} |
5728390b3acd2414000df74f | LaserDisc | Pioneer Electronics also entered the optical disc market in 1977 as a 50/50 joint-venture with MCA called Universal-Pioneer and manufacturing MCA designed industrial players under the MCA DiscoVision name (the PR-7800 and PR-7820). For the 1980 launch of the first Universal-Pioneer player, the VP-1000 was noted as a "l... | Which company joined a 50/50 partnership with MCA in 1977? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Pioneer Electronics"
]
} |
5728390b3acd2414000df750 | LaserDisc | Pioneer Electronics also entered the optical disc market in 1977 as a 50/50 joint-venture with MCA called Universal-Pioneer and manufacturing MCA designed industrial players under the MCA DiscoVision name (the PR-7800 and PR-7820). For the 1980 launch of the first Universal-Pioneer player, the VP-1000 was noted as a "l... | In what year was the first Universal-Pioneer player released? | {
"answer_start": [
240
],
"text": [
"1980"
]
} |
5728390b3acd2414000df751 | LaserDisc | Pioneer Electronics also entered the optical disc market in 1977 as a 50/50 joint-venture with MCA called Universal-Pioneer and manufacturing MCA designed industrial players under the MCA DiscoVision name (the PR-7800 and PR-7820). For the 1980 launch of the first Universal-Pioneer player, the VP-1000 was noted as a "l... | What was the name of the first Universal-Pioneer player? | {
"answer_start": [
291
],
"text": [
"the VP-1000"
]
} |
5728390b3acd2414000df752 | LaserDisc | Pioneer Electronics also entered the optical disc market in 1977 as a 50/50 joint-venture with MCA called Universal-Pioneer and manufacturing MCA designed industrial players under the MCA DiscoVision name (the PR-7800 and PR-7820). For the 1980 launch of the first Universal-Pioneer player, the VP-1000 was noted as a "l... | Which singer did an ad for the LD-700 player in 1984? | {
"answer_start": [
818
],
"text": [
"Ray Charles"
]
} |
57283a6a3acd2414000df757 | LaserDisc | During the early years, MCA also manufactured discs for other companies including Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros. Some of them added their own names to the disc jacket to signify that the movie was not owned by MCA. After Discovision Associates shut down in early 1982, Universal Studio's videodisc software label, ca... | What other companies did MCA manufacture discs for? | {
"answer_start": [
82
],
"text": [
"Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros"
]
} |
57283a6a3acd2414000df758 | LaserDisc | During the early years, MCA also manufactured discs for other companies including Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros. Some of them added their own names to the disc jacket to signify that the movie was not owned by MCA. After Discovision Associates shut down in early 1982, Universal Studio's videodisc software label, ca... | What quirk is present in MCA's release of Howard the Duck? | {
"answer_start": [
1180
],
"text": [
"only the start credits shown in widescreen before changing to 4:3 for the rest of the film"
]
} |
57283a6a3acd2414000df759 | LaserDisc | During the early years, MCA also manufactured discs for other companies including Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros. Some of them added their own names to the disc jacket to signify that the movie was not owned by MCA. After Discovision Associates shut down in early 1982, Universal Studio's videodisc software label, ca... | What is unique about the LaserDisc release of E.T.? | {
"answer_start": [
1458
],
"text": [
"only format to include the cut scene of Harrison Ford playing the part of the school headmaster"
]
} |
57283a6a3acd2414000df75a | LaserDisc | During the early years, MCA also manufactured discs for other companies including Paramount, Disney and Warner Bros. Some of them added their own names to the disc jacket to signify that the movie was not owned by MCA. After Discovision Associates shut down in early 1982, Universal Studio's videodisc software label, ca... | Which film is only available with its original score in LD format , even today? | {
"answer_start": [
893
],
"text": [
"The Electric Horseman"
]
} |
57283dc84b864d19001647da | LaserDisc | LaserDisc had a number of advantages over VHS. It featured a far sharper picture with a horizontal resolution of 425 TVL lines for NTSC and 440 TVL lines for PAL discs, while VHS featured only 240 TVL lines with NTSC. It could handle analog and digital audio where VHS was mostly analog only (VHS can have PCM audio in p... | How many horizontal TVL lines did LaserDisc have in comparison to VHS's 240? | {
"answer_start": [
113
],
"text": [
"425"
]
} |
57283dc84b864d19001647db | LaserDisc | LaserDisc had a number of advantages over VHS. It featured a far sharper picture with a horizontal resolution of 425 TVL lines for NTSC and 440 TVL lines for PAL discs, while VHS featured only 240 TVL lines with NTSC. It could handle analog and digital audio where VHS was mostly analog only (VHS can have PCM audio in p... | Which medium was chapter based like DVD format, Laserdisc or VHS? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"LaserDisc"
]
} |
57283dc84b864d19001647dc | LaserDisc | LaserDisc had a number of advantages over VHS. It featured a far sharper picture with a horizontal resolution of 425 TVL lines for NTSC and 440 TVL lines for PAL discs, while VHS featured only 240 TVL lines with NTSC. It could handle analog and digital audio where VHS was mostly analog only (VHS can have PCM audio in p... | Which medium allowed for multiple audio tracks, Laserdisc or VHS? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"LaserDisc"
]
} |
57283f892ca10214002da182 | LaserDisc | LaserDiscs were initially cheaper than videocassettes to manufacture, because they lacked the moving parts and plastic outer shell that are necessary for VHS tapes to work, and the duplication process was much simpler. A VHS cassette has at least 14 parts including the actual tape while LaserDisc has one part with five... | Were Laserdiscs initially cheaper or more costly to produce than their VHS counterparts? | {
"answer_start": [
26
],
"text": [
"cheaper"
]
} |
57283f892ca10214002da183 | LaserDisc | LaserDiscs were initially cheaper than videocassettes to manufacture, because they lacked the moving parts and plastic outer shell that are necessary for VHS tapes to work, and the duplication process was much simpler. A VHS cassette has at least 14 parts including the actual tape while LaserDisc has one part with five... | How many parts does a VHS tape have that must be manufactured? | {
"answer_start": [
238
],
"text": [
"at least 14"
]
} |
57283f892ca10214002da184 | LaserDisc | LaserDiscs were initially cheaper than videocassettes to manufacture, because they lacked the moving parts and plastic outer shell that are necessary for VHS tapes to work, and the duplication process was much simpler. A VHS cassette has at least 14 parts including the actual tape while LaserDisc has one part with five... | How much did LaserDiscs cost to produce by the end of the 1980s? | {
"answer_start": [
573
],
"text": [
"$5.00 per two-sided disc"
]
} |
57283f892ca10214002da185 | LaserDisc | LaserDiscs were initially cheaper than videocassettes to manufacture, because they lacked the moving parts and plastic outer shell that are necessary for VHS tapes to work, and the duplication process was much simpler. A VHS cassette has at least 14 parts including the actual tape while LaserDisc has one part with five... | How much did VHS cost to produce by the 1990s? | {
"answer_start": [
828
],
"text": [
"as little as $1.00"
]
} |
572841bd3acd2414000df7d9 | LaserDisc | LaserDiscs potentially had a much longer lifespan than videocassettes. Because the discs were read optically instead of magnetically, no physical contact needs to be made between the player and the disc, except for the player's clamp that holds the disc at its center as it is spun and read. As a result, playback would ... | Were Laserdiscs or VHS more durable in the long run? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"LaserDiscs"
]
} |
572841bd3acd2414000df7da | LaserDisc | LaserDiscs potentially had a much longer lifespan than videocassettes. Because the discs were read optically instead of magnetically, no physical contact needs to be made between the player and the disc, except for the player's clamp that holds the disc at its center as it is spun and read. As a result, playback would ... | Why is physical contact with a VHS tape less desirable than an optical reading? | {
"answer_start": [
624
],
"text": [
"progressive wear with each use"
]
} |
572841bd3acd2414000df7db | LaserDisc | LaserDiscs potentially had a much longer lifespan than videocassettes. Because the discs were read optically instead of magnetically, no physical contact needs to be made between the player and the disc, except for the player's clamp that holds the disc at its center as it is spun and read. As a result, playback would ... | Where do VHS tapes store their information? | {
"answer_start": [
537
],
"text": [
"magnetic coating"
]
} |
57284314ff5b5019007da038 | LaserDisc | LaserDisc was a composite video format: the luminance (black and white) and chrominance (color) information were transmitted in one signal, separated by the receiver. While good comb filters can do so adequately, these two signals cannot be completely separated. On DVDs, data is stored in the form of digital blocks whi... | How is data stored on DVDs? | {
"answer_start": [
302
],
"text": [
"digital blocks which make up each independent frame"
]
} |
57284314ff5b5019007da039 | LaserDisc | LaserDisc was a composite video format: the luminance (black and white) and chrominance (color) information were transmitted in one signal, separated by the receiver. While good comb filters can do so adequately, these two signals cannot be completely separated. On DVDs, data is stored in the form of digital blocks whi... | What device seperated the black and white and color signals in LaserDiscs? | {
"answer_start": [
153
],
"text": [
"the receiver"
]
} |
57284314ff5b5019007da03b | LaserDisc | LaserDisc was a composite video format: the luminance (black and white) and chrominance (color) information were transmitted in one signal, separated by the receiver. While good comb filters can do so adequately, these two signals cannot be completely separated. On DVDs, data is stored in the form of digital blocks whi... | In what areas are comb filters most likely to lose detail? | {
"answer_start": [
688
],
"text": [
"low-contrast details like skin tones"
]
} |
57284314ff5b5019007da03a | LaserDisc | LaserDisc was a composite video format: the luminance (black and white) and chrominance (color) information were transmitted in one signal, separated by the receiver. While good comb filters can do so adequately, these two signals cannot be completely separated. On DVDs, data is stored in the form of digital blocks whi... | Are comb filters exact, or is some data smudged? | {
"answer_start": [
732
],
"text": [
"comb filters almost inevitably smudge some detail"
]
} |
572844d0ff5b5019007da070 | LaserDisc | In contrast to the entirely digital DVD, LaserDiscs use only analog video. As the LaserDisc format is not digitally encoded and does not make use of compression techniques, it is immune to video macroblocking (most visible as blockiness during high motion sequences) or contrast banding (subtle visible lines in gradient... | Do LaserDiscs or DVD use analog video? | {
"answer_start": [
41
],
"text": [
"LaserDiscs"
]
} |
572844d0ff5b5019007da071 | LaserDisc | In contrast to the entirely digital DVD, LaserDiscs use only analog video. As the LaserDisc format is not digitally encoded and does not make use of compression techniques, it is immune to video macroblocking (most visible as blockiness during high motion sequences) or contrast banding (subtle visible lines in gradient... | Are DVDs partially or entirely digital? | {
"answer_start": [
19
],
"text": [
"entirely"
]
} |
572844d0ff5b5019007da072 | LaserDisc | In contrast to the entirely digital DVD, LaserDiscs use only analog video. As the LaserDisc format is not digitally encoded and does not make use of compression techniques, it is immune to video macroblocking (most visible as blockiness during high motion sequences) or contrast banding (subtle visible lines in gradient... | What is contrast banding? | {
"answer_start": [
288
],
"text": [
"subtle visible lines in gradient areas"
]
} |
572844d0ff5b5019007da073 | LaserDisc | In contrast to the entirely digital DVD, LaserDiscs use only analog video. As the LaserDisc format is not digitally encoded and does not make use of compression techniques, it is immune to video macroblocking (most visible as blockiness during high motion sequences) or contrast banding (subtle visible lines in gradient... | What step of the DVD production process causes contrast banding? | {
"answer_start": [
427
],
"text": [
"MPEG-2 encoding process"
]
} |
57284672ff5b5019007da0b2 | LaserDisc | LaserDisc players can provide a great degree of control over the playback process. Unlike many DVD players, the transport mechanism always obeys commands from the user: pause, fast-forward, and fast-reverse commands are always accepted (barring, of course, malfunctions). There were no "User Prohibited Options" where co... | How does LaserDisc operation vary from DVD? | {
"answer_start": [
108
],
"text": [
"the transport mechanism always obeys commands from the user"
]
} |
57284672ff5b5019007da0b3 | LaserDisc | LaserDisc players can provide a great degree of control over the playback process. Unlike many DVD players, the transport mechanism always obeys commands from the user: pause, fast-forward, and fast-reverse commands are always accepted (barring, of course, malfunctions). There were no "User Prohibited Options" where co... | What are "User Protected Options" on DVDs? | {
"answer_start": [
312
],
"text": [
"where content protection code instructs the player to refuse commands to skip a specific part"
]
} |
57284672ff5b5019007da0b4 | LaserDisc | LaserDisc players can provide a great degree of control over the playback process. Unlike many DVD players, the transport mechanism always obeys commands from the user: pause, fast-forward, and fast-reverse commands are always accepted (barring, of course, malfunctions). There were no "User Prohibited Options" where co... | Where are User Protected Options commonly found on DVDs? | {
"answer_start": [
439
],
"text": [
"copyright warnings"
]
} |
57284672ff5b5019007da0b5 | LaserDisc | LaserDisc players can provide a great degree of control over the playback process. Unlike many DVD players, the transport mechanism always obeys commands from the user: pause, fast-forward, and fast-reverse commands are always accepted (barring, of course, malfunctions). There were no "User Prohibited Options" where co... | Which format, LaserDisc or DVD, gives the user the most control over playback? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"LaserDisc"
]
} |
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