id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572a446f1d046914007798b7 | Diarrhea | The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to either a virus, bacteria, or parasite; a condition known as gastroenteritis. These infections are often acquired from food or water that has been contaminated by stool, or directly from another person who is infected. It may be divided into three types: sho... | What are the three types of diarrhea? | {
"answer_start": [
317
],
"text": [
"short duration watery diarrhea, short duration bloody diarrhea, and if it lasts for more than two weeks, persistent diarrhea"
]
} |
572a446f1d046914007798b8 | Diarrhea | The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to either a virus, bacteria, or parasite; a condition known as gastroenteritis. These infections are often acquired from food or water that has been contaminated by stool, or directly from another person who is infected. It may be divided into three types: sho... | What is it known as if blood is present? | {
"answer_start": [
603
],
"text": [
"dysentery"
]
} |
572a46351d046914007798bd | Diarrhea | Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap. Breastfeeding for at least six months is also recommended as is vaccination against rotavirus. Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar, is the treatment of ... | What are some ways to prevent diarrhea? | {
"answer_start": [
40
],
"text": [
"improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap"
]
} |
572a46351d046914007798be | Diarrhea | Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap. Breastfeeding for at least six months is also recommended as is vaccination against rotavirus. Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar, is the treatment of ... | What else can a mom do to prevent diarrhea for her baby? | {
"answer_start": [
111
],
"text": [
"Breastfeeding for at least six months"
]
} |
572a46351d046914007798bf | Diarrhea | Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap. Breastfeeding for at least six months is also recommended as is vaccination against rotavirus. Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar, is the treatment of ... | What is the treatment of choice for diarrhea? | {
"answer_start": [
206
],
"text": [
"Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar"
]
} |
572a46351d046914007798c0 | Diarrhea | Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap. Breastfeeding for at least six months is also recommended as is vaccination against rotavirus. Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar, is the treatment of ... | What conditions would a doctor prescribe antibiotics? | {
"answer_start": [
838
],
"text": [
"cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever, those with severe diarrhea following travelling, and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites"
]
} |
572a49623f37b31900478869 | Diarrhea | About 1.7 to 5 billion cases of diarrhea occur per year. It is most common in developing countries, where young children get diarrhea on average three times a year. Total deaths from diarrhea are estimated at 1.26 million in 2013 – down from 2.58 million in 1990. In 2012, it is the second most common cause of deaths in... | HOw many cases of diarrhea are there a year? | {
"answer_start": [
6
],
"text": [
"1.7 to 5 billion cases"
]
} |
572a49623f37b3190047886a | Diarrhea | About 1.7 to 5 billion cases of diarrhea occur per year. It is most common in developing countries, where young children get diarrhea on average three times a year. Total deaths from diarrhea are estimated at 1.26 million in 2013 – down from 2.58 million in 1990. In 2012, it is the second most common cause of deaths in... | How often do kids get diarrhea in developing countries? | {
"answer_start": [
137
],
"text": [
"average three times a year"
]
} |
572a49623f37b3190047886b | Diarrhea | About 1.7 to 5 billion cases of diarrhea occur per year. It is most common in developing countries, where young children get diarrhea on average three times a year. Total deaths from diarrhea are estimated at 1.26 million in 2013 – down from 2.58 million in 1990. In 2012, it is the second most common cause of deaths in... | Frequent episodes of diarrhea are common in what type of cases? | {
"answer_start": [
428
],
"text": [
"malnutrition"
]
} |
572a49623f37b3190047886c | Diarrhea | About 1.7 to 5 billion cases of diarrhea occur per year. It is most common in developing countries, where young children get diarrhea on average three times a year. Total deaths from diarrhea are estimated at 1.26 million in 2013 – down from 2.58 million in 1990. In 2012, it is the second most common cause of deaths in... | What long term issues can arise from frequent diarrhea? | {
"answer_start": [
557
],
"text": [
"stunted growth and poor intellectual development"
]
} |
572a4e22fed8de19000d5b89 | Diarrhea | Secretory diarrhea means that there is an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption. There is little to no structural damage. The most common cause of this type of diarrhea is a cholera toxin that stimulates the secretion of anions, especially chloride ions. Therefore, to maintain a char... | What is secretory diarrhea? | {
"answer_start": [
39
],
"text": [
"an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption"
]
} |
572a4e22fed8de19000d5b8a | Diarrhea | Secretory diarrhea means that there is an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption. There is little to no structural damage. The most common cause of this type of diarrhea is a cholera toxin that stimulates the secretion of anions, especially chloride ions. Therefore, to maintain a char... | What are the causes of secretory diarrhea? | {
"answer_start": [
174
],
"text": [
"cause of this type of diarrhea is a cholera toxin that stimulates the secretion of anions, especially chloride ions"
]
} |
572a4e22fed8de19000d5b8b | Diarrhea | Secretory diarrhea means that there is an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption. There is little to no structural damage. The most common cause of this type of diarrhea is a cholera toxin that stimulates the secretion of anions, especially chloride ions. Therefore, to maintain a char... | Is there any structural damage associated with secretory diarrhea? | {
"answer_start": [
115
],
"text": [
". There is little to no structural damage."
]
} |
572a50757a1753140016ae9e | Diarrhea | Osmotic diarrhea occurs when too much water is drawn into the bowels. If a person drinks solutions with excessive sugar or excessive salt, these can draw water from the body into the bowel and cause osmotic diarrhea. Osmotic diarrhea can also be the result of maldigestion (e.g., pancreatic disease or Coeliac disease), ... | What occures with osmotic diarrhea? | {
"answer_start": [
22
],
"text": [
"s when too much water is drawn into the bowels"
]
} |
572a50757a1753140016ae9f | Diarrhea | Osmotic diarrhea occurs when too much water is drawn into the bowels. If a person drinks solutions with excessive sugar or excessive salt, these can draw water from the body into the bowel and cause osmotic diarrhea. Osmotic diarrhea can also be the result of maldigestion (e.g., pancreatic disease or Coeliac disease), ... | What causes osmotic diarrhea? | {
"answer_start": [
70
],
"text": [
"If a person drinks solutions with excessive sugar or excessive salt, these can draw water from the body into the bowel"
]
} |
572a50757a1753140016aea0 | Diarrhea | Osmotic diarrhea occurs when too much water is drawn into the bowels. If a person drinks solutions with excessive sugar or excessive salt, these can draw water from the body into the bowel and cause osmotic diarrhea. Osmotic diarrhea can also be the result of maldigestion (e.g., pancreatic disease or Coeliac disease), ... | How do osmotic lazatives work? | {
"answer_start": [
439
],
"text": [
"alleviate constipation by drawing water into the bowels"
]
} |
572a50757a1753140016aea1 | Diarrhea | Osmotic diarrhea occurs when too much water is drawn into the bowels. If a person drinks solutions with excessive sugar or excessive salt, these can draw water from the body into the bowel and cause osmotic diarrhea. Osmotic diarrhea can also be the result of maldigestion (e.g., pancreatic disease or Coeliac disease), ... | What can cause osmotic diarrhea in healthy people? | {
"answer_start": [
521
],
"text": [
"too much magnesium or vitamin C or undigested lactose"
]
} |
572a51a3b8ce0319002e2a9b | Diarrhea | Inflammatory diarrhea occurs when there is damage to the mucosal lining or brush border, which leads to a passive loss of protein-rich fluids and a decreased ability to absorb these lost fluids. Features of all three of the other types of diarrhea[clarification needed] can be found in this type of diarrhea. It can be c... | When does inflammatory diarrhea occur? | {
"answer_start": [
29
],
"text": [
"when there is damage to the mucosal lining or brush border"
]
} |
572a51a3b8ce0319002e2a9c | Diarrhea | Inflammatory diarrhea occurs when there is damage to the mucosal lining or brush border, which leads to a passive loss of protein-rich fluids and a decreased ability to absorb these lost fluids. Features of all three of the other types of diarrhea[clarification needed] can be found in this type of diarrhea. It can be c... | What happens with inflammatory diarrhea? | {
"answer_start": [
104
],
"text": [
"a passive loss of protein-rich fluids and a decreased ability to absorb these lost fluids"
]
} |
572a51a3b8ce0319002e2a9d | Diarrhea | Inflammatory diarrhea occurs when there is damage to the mucosal lining or brush border, which leads to a passive loss of protein-rich fluids and a decreased ability to absorb these lost fluids. Features of all three of the other types of diarrhea[clarification needed] can be found in this type of diarrhea. It can be c... | What can cause inflammatory diarrhea? | {
"answer_start": [
329
],
"text": [
"bacterial infections, viral infections, parasitic infections, or autoimmune problems"
]
} |
572a51a3b8ce0319002e2a9e | Diarrhea | Inflammatory diarrhea occurs when there is damage to the mucosal lining or brush border, which leads to a passive loss of protein-rich fluids and a decreased ability to absorb these lost fluids. Features of all three of the other types of diarrhea[clarification needed] can be found in this type of diarrhea. It can be c... | What other causes are there for inflammatory diarrhea? | {
"answer_start": [
476
],
"text": [
"tuberculosis, colon cancer, and enteritis."
]
} |
572a531bb8ce0319002e2ab3 | Diarrhea | Diarrheal disease may have a negative impact on both physical fitness and mental development. "Early childhood malnutrition resulting from any cause reduces physical fitness and work productivity in adults," and diarrhea is a primary cause of childhood malnutrition. Further, evidence suggests that diarrheal disease has... | Diarrheal disease has what effects on a person? | {
"answer_start": [
27
],
"text": [
"a negative impact on both physical fitness and mental development"
]
} |
572a531bb8ce0319002e2ab4 | Diarrhea | Diarrheal disease may have a negative impact on both physical fitness and mental development. "Early childhood malnutrition resulting from any cause reduces physical fitness and work productivity in adults," and diarrhea is a primary cause of childhood malnutrition. Further, evidence suggests that diarrheal disease has... | What can early childhood malnutrition cause? | {
"answer_start": [
149
],
"text": [
"reduces physical fitness and work productivity in adults"
]
} |
572a531bb8ce0319002e2ab5 | Diarrhea | Diarrheal disease may have a negative impact on both physical fitness and mental development. "Early childhood malnutrition resulting from any cause reduces physical fitness and work productivity in adults," and diarrhea is a primary cause of childhood malnutrition. Further, evidence suggests that diarrheal disease has... | What is the cause of childhood malnutrition? | {
"answer_start": [
212
],
"text": [
"diarrhea"
]
} |
572a531bb8ce0319002e2ab6 | Diarrhea | Diarrheal disease may have a negative impact on both physical fitness and mental development. "Early childhood malnutrition resulting from any cause reduces physical fitness and work productivity in adults," and diarrhea is a primary cause of childhood malnutrition. Further, evidence suggests that diarrheal disease has... | Children who have experienced sever diarrhea are more likely to have what effect? | {
"answer_start": [
518
],
"text": [
"significantly lower scores on a series of tests of intelligence"
]
} |
572a5c4d7a1753140016aed8 | Diarrhea | Another possible cause of diarrhea is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which usually presents with abdominal discomfort relieved by defecation and unusual stool (diarrhea or constipation) for at least 3 days a week over the previous 3 months. Symptoms of diarrhea-predominant IBS can be managed through a combination of d... | What is IBS? | {
"answer_start": [
38
],
"text": [
"irritable bowel syndrome"
]
} |
572a5c4d7a1753140016aed9 | Diarrhea | Another possible cause of diarrhea is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which usually presents with abdominal discomfort relieved by defecation and unusual stool (diarrhea or constipation) for at least 3 days a week over the previous 3 months. Symptoms of diarrhea-predominant IBS can be managed through a combination of d... | What symptoms do you have with IBS? | {
"answer_start": [
98
],
"text": [
"abdominal discomfort relieved by defecation and unusual stool (diarrhea or constipation) for at least 3 days a week over the previous 3 months"
]
} |
572a5c4d7a1753140016aeda | Diarrhea | Another possible cause of diarrhea is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which usually presents with abdominal discomfort relieved by defecation and unusual stool (diarrhea or constipation) for at least 3 days a week over the previous 3 months. Symptoms of diarrhea-predominant IBS can be managed through a combination of d... | How can symptoms be managed with IBS? | {
"answer_start": [
302
],
"text": [
"a combination of dietary changes, soluble fiber supplements, and/or medications"
]
} |
572a5da0fed8de19000d5bab | Diarrhea | Poverty is a good indicator of the rate of infectious diarrhea in a population. This association does not stem from poverty itself, but rather from the conditions under which impoverished people live. The absence of certain resources compromises the ability of the poor to defend themselves against infectious diarrhea. ... | What is a good indicator of the rate of infectious diarrhea? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Poverty"
]
} |
572a5da0fed8de19000d5bac | Diarrhea | Poverty is a good indicator of the rate of infectious diarrhea in a population. This association does not stem from poverty itself, but rather from the conditions under which impoverished people live. The absence of certain resources compromises the ability of the poor to defend themselves against infectious diarrhea. ... | Why does living in poverty raise your risk of diarrhea? | {
"answer_start": [
143
],
"text": [
"from the conditions under which impoverished people live"
]
} |
572a5da0fed8de19000d5bad | Diarrhea | Poverty is a good indicator of the rate of infectious diarrhea in a population. This association does not stem from poverty itself, but rather from the conditions under which impoverished people live. The absence of certain resources compromises the ability of the poor to defend themselves against infectious diarrhea. ... | What causes this to be exacerbated? | {
"answer_start": [
840
],
"text": [
"the lack of adequate, available, and affordable medical care."
]
} |
572a62e0b8ce0319002e2b0b | Diarrhea | Proper nutrition is important for health and functioning, including the prevention of infectious diarrhea. It is especially important to young children who do not have a fully developed immune system. Zinc deficiency, a condition often found in children in developing countries can, even in mild cases, have a significan... | Why is proper nutrition important? | {
"answer_start": [
30
],
"text": [
"for health and functioning, including the prevention of infectious diarrhea"
]
} |
572a62e0b8ce0319002e2b0c | Diarrhea | Proper nutrition is important for health and functioning, including the prevention of infectious diarrhea. It is especially important to young children who do not have a fully developed immune system. Zinc deficiency, a condition often found in children in developing countries can, even in mild cases, have a significan... | What effects does lower levels of zinc have in children? | {
"answer_start": [
587
],
"text": [
"greater number of instances of diarrhea, severe diarrhea, and diarrhea associated with fever"
]
} |
572a62e0b8ce0319002e2b0d | Diarrhea | Proper nutrition is important for health and functioning, including the prevention of infectious diarrhea. It is especially important to young children who do not have a fully developed immune system. Zinc deficiency, a condition often found in children in developing countries can, even in mild cases, have a significan... | What can having a vitamin A deficiency cause? | {
"answer_start": [
717
],
"text": [
"cause an increase in the severity of diarrheal episodes"
]
} |
572a62e0b8ce0319002e2b0e | Diarrhea | Proper nutrition is important for health and functioning, including the prevention of infectious diarrhea. It is especially important to young children who do not have a fully developed immune system. Zinc deficiency, a condition often found in children in developing countries can, even in mild cases, have a significan... | What is the rate of vitamin A deficiency in children worldwide? | {
"answer_start": [
1082
],
"text": [
"127 million"
]
} |
572a65ae7a1753140016af0c | Diarrhea | According to two researchers, Nesse and Williams, diarrhea may function as an evolved expulsion defense mechanism. As a result, if it is stopped, there might be a delay in recovery. They cite in support of this argument research published in 1973 that found that treating Shigella with the anti-diarrhea drug (Co-phenotr... | What did Nesse and Williams learn? | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"diarrhea may function as an evolved expulsion defense mechanism"
]
} |
572a65ae7a1753140016af0d | Diarrhea | According to two researchers, Nesse and Williams, diarrhea may function as an evolved expulsion defense mechanism. As a result, if it is stopped, there might be a delay in recovery. They cite in support of this argument research published in 1973 that found that treating Shigella with the anti-diarrhea drug (Co-phenotr... | If diarrhea is stopped, would could happen? | {
"answer_start": [
146
],
"text": [
"there might be a delay in recovery."
]
} |
572a65ae7a1753140016af0e | Diarrhea | According to two researchers, Nesse and Williams, diarrhea may function as an evolved expulsion defense mechanism. As a result, if it is stopped, there might be a delay in recovery. They cite in support of this argument research published in 1973 that found that treating Shigella with the anti-diarrhea drug (Co-phenotr... | What happened with people with Shigella were treated with anti-diarrheal medication? | {
"answer_start": [
334
],
"text": [
"caused people to stay feverish twice as long as those not so treated."
]
} |
572a66dfd562191400bc86bf | Diarrhea | Basic sanitation techniques can have a profound effect on the transmission of diarrheal disease. The implementation of hand washing using soap and water, for example, has been experimentally shown to reduce the incidence of disease by approximately 42–48%. Hand washing in developing countries, however, is compromised b... | What has had major effects on the transmission of diarrheal diseases? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Basic sanitation techniques"
]
} |
572a66dfd562191400bc86c0 | Diarrhea | Basic sanitation techniques can have a profound effect on the transmission of diarrheal disease. The implementation of hand washing using soap and water, for example, has been experimentally shown to reduce the incidence of disease by approximately 42–48%. Hand washing in developing countries, however, is compromised b... | How much does hand washing reduce the chances of disease? | {
"answer_start": [
235
],
"text": [
"approximately 42–48%"
]
} |
572a66dfd562191400bc86c1 | Diarrhea | Basic sanitation techniques can have a profound effect on the transmission of diarrheal disease. The implementation of hand washing using soap and water, for example, has been experimentally shown to reduce the incidence of disease by approximately 42–48%. Hand washing in developing countries, however, is compromised b... | Why do developing countries not wash their hands as much as other countries? | {
"answer_start": [
441
],
"text": [
"access to soap and water is limited"
]
} |
572a66dfd562191400bc86c2 | Diarrhea | Basic sanitation techniques can have a profound effect on the transmission of diarrheal disease. The implementation of hand washing using soap and water, for example, has been experimentally shown to reduce the incidence of disease by approximately 42–48%. Hand washing in developing countries, however, is compromised b... | What is a solution to help this problem? | {
"answer_start": [
650
],
"text": [
"implementation of educational programs that encourage sanitary behaviours"
]
} |
572a67827a1753140016af12 | Diarrhea | Given that water contamination is a major means of transmitting diarrheal disease, efforts to provide clean water supply and improved sanitation have the potential to dramatically cut the rate of disease incidence. In fact, it has been proposed that we might expect an 88% reduction in child mortality resulting from dia... | What is a major means of the spread of diarrhea disease? | {
"answer_start": [
11
],
"text": [
"water contamination"
]
} |
572a67827a1753140016af13 | Diarrhea | Given that water contamination is a major means of transmitting diarrheal disease, efforts to provide clean water supply and improved sanitation have the potential to dramatically cut the rate of disease incidence. In fact, it has been proposed that we might expect an 88% reduction in child mortality resulting from dia... | What has cut the rate of diarrhea disease incidents? | {
"answer_start": [
102
],
"text": [
"clean water supply and improved sanitation"
]
} |
572a67827a1753140016af14 | Diarrhea | Given that water contamination is a major means of transmitting diarrheal disease, efforts to provide clean water supply and improved sanitation have the potential to dramatically cut the rate of disease incidence. In fact, it has been proposed that we might expect an 88% reduction in child mortality resulting from dia... | What would be the reduction in deisease incedence if there was better water and sanitation? | {
"answer_start": [
485
],
"text": [
"22–27% reduction in disease incidence"
]
} |
572a6832d562191400bc86c7 | Diarrhea | Immunization against the pathogens that cause diarrheal disease is a viable prevention strategy, however it does require targeting certain pathogens for vaccination. In the case of Rotavirus, which was responsible for around 6% of diarrheal episodes and 20% of diarrheal disease deaths in the children of developing coun... | What is the downfall of using immunization against the pathogens that cause disease? | {
"answer_start": [
105
],
"text": [
"it does require targeting certain pathogens for vaccination"
]
} |
572a6832d562191400bc86c8 | Diarrhea | Immunization against the pathogens that cause diarrheal disease is a viable prevention strategy, however it does require targeting certain pathogens for vaccination. In the case of Rotavirus, which was responsible for around 6% of diarrheal episodes and 20% of diarrheal disease deaths in the children of developing coun... | What is responsible for 6% of dearrheal disease? | {
"answer_start": [
181
],
"text": [
"Rotavirus"
]
} |
572a6832d562191400bc86c9 | Diarrhea | Immunization against the pathogens that cause diarrheal disease is a viable prevention strategy, however it does require targeting certain pathogens for vaccination. In the case of Rotavirus, which was responsible for around 6% of diarrheal episodes and 20% of diarrheal disease deaths in the children of developing coun... | What percent is the rotavirus responsible for in diarrheal disease deaths? | {
"answer_start": [
254
],
"text": [
"20%"
]
} |
572a6832d562191400bc86ca | Diarrhea | Immunization against the pathogens that cause diarrheal disease is a viable prevention strategy, however it does require targeting certain pathogens for vaccination. In the case of Rotavirus, which was responsible for around 6% of diarrheal episodes and 20% of diarrheal disease deaths in the children of developing coun... | What was the effect of the Rotavirus vaccine? | {
"answer_start": [
389
],
"text": [
"(2-3%) decrease in total diarrheal disease incidence"
]
} |
572a6832d562191400bc86cb | Diarrhea | Immunization against the pathogens that cause diarrheal disease is a viable prevention strategy, however it does require targeting certain pathogens for vaccination. In the case of Rotavirus, which was responsible for around 6% of diarrheal episodes and 20% of diarrheal disease deaths in the children of developing coun... | What year was the Rotovirus vaccine used? | {
"answer_start": [
367
],
"text": [
"1985"
]
} |
572a69cefed8de19000d5bfd | Diarrhea | Dietary deficiencies in developing countries can be combated by promoting better eating practices. Supplementation with vitamin A and/or zinc. Zinc supplementation proved successful showing a significant decrease in the incidence of diarrheal disease compared to a control group. The majority of the literature suggests ... | What can be done to combate dietary deficiences? | {
"answer_start": [
64
],
"text": [
"promoting better eating practices"
]
} |
572a69cefed8de19000d5bfe | Diarrhea | Dietary deficiencies in developing countries can be combated by promoting better eating practices. Supplementation with vitamin A and/or zinc. Zinc supplementation proved successful showing a significant decrease in the incidence of diarrheal disease compared to a control group. The majority of the literature suggests ... | What has been used and shown successful in a decrease in incidence of diarrheal disease? | {
"answer_start": [
143
],
"text": [
"Zinc"
]
} |
572a69cefed8de19000d5bff | Diarrhea | Dietary deficiencies in developing countries can be combated by promoting better eating practices. Supplementation with vitamin A and/or zinc. Zinc supplementation proved successful showing a significant decrease in the incidence of diarrheal disease compared to a control group. The majority of the literature suggests ... | WHat strategy was found out to be more cost effective? | {
"answer_start": [
592
],
"text": [
"zinc supplementation"
]
} |
572a8034f75d5e190021fb06 | Diarrhea | In many cases of diarrhea, replacing lost fluid and salts is the only treatment needed. This is usually by mouth – oral rehydration therapy – or, in severe cases, intravenously. Diet restrictions such as the BRAT diet are no longer recommended. Research does not support the limiting of milk to children as doing so has ... | What is the basic treatment many cases of diarrhea need? | {
"answer_start": [
27
],
"text": [
"replacing lost fluid and salts is the only treatment needed"
]
} |
572a8034f75d5e190021fb07 | Diarrhea | In many cases of diarrhea, replacing lost fluid and salts is the only treatment needed. This is usually by mouth – oral rehydration therapy – or, in severe cases, intravenously. Diet restrictions such as the BRAT diet are no longer recommended. Research does not support the limiting of milk to children as doing so has ... | How is this treatment given? | {
"answer_start": [
88
],
"text": [
"This is usually by mouth – oral rehydration therapy – or, in severe cases, intravenously"
]
} |
572a8034f75d5e190021fb08 | Diarrhea | In many cases of diarrhea, replacing lost fluid and salts is the only treatment needed. This is usually by mouth – oral rehydration therapy – or, in severe cases, intravenously. Diet restrictions such as the BRAT diet are no longer recommended. Research does not support the limiting of milk to children as doing so has ... | What type of diet is no longer recommended? | {
"answer_start": [
208
],
"text": [
"BRAT diet"
]
} |
572a8034f75d5e190021fb09 | Diarrhea | In many cases of diarrhea, replacing lost fluid and salts is the only treatment needed. This is usually by mouth – oral rehydration therapy – or, in severe cases, intravenously. Diet restrictions such as the BRAT diet are no longer recommended. Research does not support the limiting of milk to children as doing so has ... | What does WHO recommend to do? | {
"answer_start": [
392
],
"text": [
"children with diarrhea continue to eat as sufficient nutrients are usually still absorbed to support continued growth and weight gain"
]
} |
572a80c2f75d5e190021fb18 | Diarrhea | Oral rehydration solution (ORS) (a slightly sweetened and salty water) can be used to prevent dehydration. Standard home solutions such as salted rice water, salted yogurt drinks, vegetable and chicken soups with salt can be given. Home solutions such as water in which cereal has been cooked, unsalted soup, green cocon... | What can be used to prevent dehydration? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Oral rehydration solution (ORS)"
]
} |
572a80c2f75d5e190021fb19 | Diarrhea | Oral rehydration solution (ORS) (a slightly sweetened and salty water) can be used to prevent dehydration. Standard home solutions such as salted rice water, salted yogurt drinks, vegetable and chicken soups with salt can be given. Home solutions such as water in which cereal has been cooked, unsalted soup, green cocon... | What are some good standard home solutions? | {
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"salted rice water, salted yogurt drinks, vegetable and chicken soups with salt"
]
} |
572a80c2f75d5e190021fb1a | Diarrhea | Oral rehydration solution (ORS) (a slightly sweetened and salty water) can be used to prevent dehydration. Standard home solutions such as salted rice water, salted yogurt drinks, vegetable and chicken soups with salt can be given. Home solutions such as water in which cereal has been cooked, unsalted soup, green cocon... | What is a commercial solution that can also be used? | {
"answer_start": [
596
],
"text": [
"Pedialyte"
]
} |
572a80c2f75d5e190021fb1b | Diarrhea | Oral rehydration solution (ORS) (a slightly sweetened and salty water) can be used to prevent dehydration. Standard home solutions such as salted rice water, salted yogurt drinks, vegetable and chicken soups with salt can be given. Home solutions such as water in which cereal has been cooked, unsalted soup, green cocon... | What is the WHO's recipe for ORS? | {
"answer_start": [
761
],
"text": [
"one liter water with one teaspoon salt (3 grams) and two tablespoons sugar (18 grams) added"
]
} |
572a816d111d821400f38b7a | Diarrhea | Drinks especially high in simple sugars, such as soft drinks and fruit juices, are not recommended in children under 5 years of age as they may increase dehydration. A too rich solution in the gut draws water from the rest of the body, just as if the person were to drink sea water. Plain water may be used if more speci... | What are not recommended for younger kids because it can casue more dehydration? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Drinks especially high in simple sugars, such as soft drinks and fruit juices"
]
} |
572a816d111d821400f38b7b | Diarrhea | Drinks especially high in simple sugars, such as soft drinks and fruit juices, are not recommended in children under 5 years of age as they may increase dehydration. A too rich solution in the gut draws water from the rest of the body, just as if the person were to drink sea water. Plain water may be used if more speci... | Why are sodas and high sugar fruit juices not recommended? | {
"answer_start": [
166
],
"text": [
"A too rich solution in the gut draws water from the rest of the body, just as if the person were to drink sea water"
]
} |
572a816d111d821400f38b7c | Diarrhea | Drinks especially high in simple sugars, such as soft drinks and fruit juices, are not recommended in children under 5 years of age as they may increase dehydration. A too rich solution in the gut draws water from the rest of the body, just as if the person were to drink sea water. Plain water may be used if more speci... | What can be used to give fluids when they can not drink? | {
"answer_start": [
588
],
"text": [
"A nasogastric tube"
]
} |
572a82dff75d5e190021fb32 | Diarrhea | WHO recommends a child with diarrhea continue to be fed. Continued feeding speeds the recovery of normal intestinal function. In contrast, children whose food is restricted have diarrhea of longer duration and recover intestinal function more slowly. A child should also continue to be breastfed. The WHO states "Food sh... | What does WHO recommend? | {
"answer_start": [
15
],
"text": [
"a child with diarrhea continue to be fed"
]
} |
572a82dff75d5e190021fb33 | Diarrhea | WHO recommends a child with diarrhea continue to be fed. Continued feeding speeds the recovery of normal intestinal function. In contrast, children whose food is restricted have diarrhea of longer duration and recover intestinal function more slowly. A child should also continue to be breastfed. The WHO states "Food sh... | What does continuing to eat do for your illness? | {
"answer_start": [
57
],
"text": [
"Continued feeding speeds the recovery of normal intestinal function"
]
} |
572a82dff75d5e190021fb34 | Diarrhea | WHO recommends a child with diarrhea continue to be fed. Continued feeding speeds the recovery of normal intestinal function. In contrast, children whose food is restricted have diarrhea of longer duration and recover intestinal function more slowly. A child should also continue to be breastfed. The WHO states "Food sh... | What happens when a childs food is restricted? | {
"answer_start": [
139
],
"text": [
"children whose food is restricted have diarrhea of longer duration and recover intestinal function more slowly"
]
} |
572a83c4be1ee31400cb8061 | Diarrhea | While antibiotics are beneficial in certain types of acute diarrhea, they are usually not used except in specific situations. There are concerns that antibiotics may increase the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome in people infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7. In resource-poor countries, treatment with antibiotics ma... | Are antibiotics used in diarrhea instances? | {
"answer_start": [
69
],
"text": [
"they are usually not used except in specific situations"
]
} |
572a83c4be1ee31400cb8062 | Diarrhea | While antibiotics are beneficial in certain types of acute diarrhea, they are usually not used except in specific situations. There are concerns that antibiotics may increase the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome in people infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7. In resource-poor countries, treatment with antibiotics ma... | What are the concerns with anitbiotics? | {
"answer_start": [
162
],
"text": [
"may increase the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome in people infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7"
]
} |
572a83c4be1ee31400cb8063 | Diarrhea | While antibiotics are beneficial in certain types of acute diarrhea, they are usually not used except in specific situations. There are concerns that antibiotics may increase the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome in people infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7. In resource-poor countries, treatment with antibiotics ma... | What are bacteria doing that makes them not work as well? | {
"answer_start": [
346
],
"text": [
"some bacteria are developing antibiotic resistance"
]
} |
572a5ec3fed8de19000d5bb1 | Madrasa | Madrasa (Arabic: مدرسة, madrasah, pl. مدارس, madāris, Turkish: Medrese) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion). The word is variously transliterated madrasah, madarasaa, medresa, madrassa, madraza, medrese, etc. In the West, the word usually refers to... | What are the origins of the word madrasa? | {
"answer_start": [
80
],
"text": [
"Arabic"
]
} |
572a5ec3fed8de19000d5bb2 | Madrasa | Madrasa (Arabic: مدرسة, madrasah, pl. مدارس, madāris, Turkish: Medrese) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion). The word is variously transliterated madrasah, madarasaa, medresa, madrassa, madraza, medrese, etc. In the West, the word usually refers to... | What type of educational institution does the term madrasa refer? | {
"answer_start": [
96
],
"text": [
"any type"
]
} |
572a5ec3fed8de19000d5bb3 | Madrasa | Madrasa (Arabic: مدرسة, madrasah, pl. مدارس, madāris, Turkish: Medrese) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion). The word is variously transliterated madrasah, madarasaa, medresa, madrassa, madraza, medrese, etc. In the West, the word usually refers to... | In Western culture, the term madrasa widely refers to the practices of what religion? | {
"answer_start": [
389
],
"text": [
"Islamic"
]
} |
572a5ec3fed8de19000d5bb4 | Madrasa | Madrasa (Arabic: مدرسة, madrasah, pl. مدارس, madāris, Turkish: Medrese) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion). The word is variously transliterated madrasah, madarasaa, medresa, madrassa, madraza, medrese, etc. In the West, the word usually refers to... | How many students enrolled in madaris are Muslim? | {
"answer_start": [
456
],
"text": [
"Not all"
]
} |
572a5fbab8ce0319002e2aed | Madrasa | The word madrasah derives from the triconsonantal Semitic root د-ر-س D-R-S 'to learn, study', through the wazn (form/stem) مفعل(ة); mafʻal(ah), meaning "a place where something is done". Therefore, madrasah literally means "a place where learning and studying take place". The word is also present as a loanword with th... | What are the root origins of the word madrasah? | {
"answer_start": [
35
],
"text": [
"triconsonantal Semitic"
]
} |
572a5fbab8ce0319002e2aee | Madrasa | The word madrasah derives from the triconsonantal Semitic root د-ر-س D-R-S 'to learn, study', through the wazn (form/stem) مفعل(ة); mafʻal(ah), meaning "a place where something is done". Therefore, madrasah literally means "a place where learning and studying take place". The word is also present as a loanword with th... | What is the literal translation of madrasah? | {
"answer_start": [
225
],
"text": [
"a place where learning and studying take place"
]
} |
572a5fbab8ce0319002e2aef | Madrasa | The word madrasah derives from the triconsonantal Semitic root د-ر-س D-R-S 'to learn, study', through the wazn (form/stem) مفعل(ة); mafʻal(ah), meaning "a place where something is done". Therefore, madrasah literally means "a place where learning and studying take place". The word is also present as a loanword with th... | In Arabic, what does madarasah mean? | {
"answer_start": [
554
],
"text": [
"same as school does in the English language"
]
} |
572a5fbab8ce0319002e2af0 | Madrasa | The word madrasah derives from the triconsonantal Semitic root د-ر-س D-R-S 'to learn, study', through the wazn (form/stem) مفعل(ة); mafʻal(ah), meaning "a place where something is done". Therefore, madrasah literally means "a place where learning and studying take place". The word is also present as a loanword with th... | During the Ottoman Empire, what types of schools were typical? | {
"answer_start": [
1062
],
"text": [
"lower schools and specialised"
]
} |
572a5fbab8ce0319002e2af1 | Madrasa | The word madrasah derives from the triconsonantal Semitic root د-ر-س D-R-S 'to learn, study', through the wazn (form/stem) مفعل(ة); mafʻal(ah), meaning "a place where something is done". Therefore, madrasah literally means "a place where learning and studying take place". The word is also present as a loanword with th... | What were the students in madaris called? | {
"answer_start": [
1135
],
"text": [
"danişmends"
]
} |
572a60cefed8de19000d5bcd | Madrasa | However, in English, the term madrasah usually refers to the specifically Islamic institutions. A typical Islamic school usually offers two courses of study: a ḥifẓ course teaching memorization of the Qur'an (the person who commits the entire Qurʼan to memory is called a ḥāfiẓ); and an ʻālim course leading the candidat... | What is the English connotative understanding of the word madrash? | {
"answer_start": [
74
],
"text": [
"Islamic institutions"
]
} |
572a60cefed8de19000d5bce | Madrasa | However, in English, the term madrasah usually refers to the specifically Islamic institutions. A typical Islamic school usually offers two courses of study: a ḥifẓ course teaching memorization of the Qur'an (the person who commits the entire Qurʼan to memory is called a ḥāfiẓ); and an ʻālim course leading the candidat... | What is taught through a hifz class or set of classes? | {
"answer_start": [
181
],
"text": [
"memorization of the Qur'an"
]
} |
572a60cefed8de19000d5bcf | Madrasa | However, in English, the term madrasah usually refers to the specifically Islamic institutions. A typical Islamic school usually offers two courses of study: a ḥifẓ course teaching memorization of the Qur'an (the person who commits the entire Qurʼan to memory is called a ḥāfiẓ); and an ʻālim course leading the candidat... | What is shariah? | {
"answer_start": [
463
],
"text": [
"Islamic law"
]
} |
572a60cefed8de19000d5bd0 | Madrasa | However, in English, the term madrasah usually refers to the specifically Islamic institutions. A typical Islamic school usually offers two courses of study: a ḥifẓ course teaching memorization of the Qur'an (the person who commits the entire Qurʼan to memory is called a ḥāfiẓ); and an ʻālim course leading the candidat... | What is the discipline taught in mantiq courses? | {
"answer_start": [
535
],
"text": [
"logic"
]
} |
572a60cefed8de19000d5bd1 | Madrasa | However, in English, the term madrasah usually refers to the specifically Islamic institutions. A typical Islamic school usually offers two courses of study: a ḥifẓ course teaching memorization of the Qur'an (the person who commits the entire Qurʼan to memory is called a ḥāfiẓ); and an ʻālim course leading the candidat... | What set of courses does someone need to take for preparation to be considered as a scholar? | {
"answer_start": [
287
],
"text": [
"ʻālim"
]
} |
572a629e7a1753140016aef0 | Madrasa | People of all ages attend, and many often move on to becoming imams.[citation needed] The certificate of an ʻālim, for example, requires approximately twelve years of study.[citation needed] A good number of the ḥuffāẓ (plural of ḥāfiẓ) are the product of the madaris. The madaris also resemble colleges, where people ta... | What age groups are usually enrolled in madaris? | {
"answer_start": [
10
],
"text": [
"all ages"
]
} |
572a629e7a1753140016aef1 | Madrasa | People of all ages attend, and many often move on to becoming imams.[citation needed] The certificate of an ʻālim, for example, requires approximately twelve years of study.[citation needed] A good number of the ḥuffāẓ (plural of ḥāfiẓ) are the product of the madaris. The madaris also resemble colleges, where people ta... | How long does someone have to be enrolled in alim courses to earn a certificate or graduate? | {
"answer_start": [
137
],
"text": [
"approximately twelve years"
]
} |
572a629e7a1753140016aef2 | Madrasa | People of all ages attend, and many often move on to becoming imams.[citation needed] The certificate of an ʻālim, for example, requires approximately twelve years of study.[citation needed] A good number of the ḥuffāẓ (plural of ḥāfiẓ) are the product of the madaris. The madaris also resemble colleges, where people ta... | In what ways are madaris similar to western colleges? | {
"answer_start": [
311
],
"text": [
"people take evening classes and reside in dormitories"
]
} |
572a629e7a1753140016aef3 | Madrasa | People of all ages attend, and many often move on to becoming imams.[citation needed] The certificate of an ʻālim, for example, requires approximately twelve years of study.[citation needed] A good number of the ḥuffāẓ (plural of ḥāfiẓ) are the product of the madaris. The madaris also resemble colleges, where people ta... | Why do madaris extend enrollment to children of less fortunate circumstances? | {
"answer_start": [
453
],
"text": [
"provide them with education and training"
]
} |
572a629e7a1753140016aef4 | Madrasa | People of all ages attend, and many often move on to becoming imams.[citation needed] The certificate of an ʻālim, for example, requires approximately twelve years of study.[citation needed] A good number of the ḥuffāẓ (plural of ḥāfiẓ) are the product of the madaris. The madaris also resemble colleges, where people ta... | What is the format for co-education for women in madaris? | {
"answer_start": [
540
],
"text": [
"they study separately from the men"
]
} |
572a637c7a1753140016af04 | Madrasa | The term "Islamic education" means education in the light of Islam itself, which is rooted in the teachings of the Quran - holy book of Muslims. Islamic education and Muslim education are not the same. Because Islamic education has epistemological integration which is founded on Tawhid - Oneness or monotheism. For deta... | What is the meaning of Islamic education? | {
"answer_start": [
35
],
"text": [
"education in the light of Islam itself"
]
} |
572a637c7a1753140016af05 | Madrasa | The term "Islamic education" means education in the light of Islam itself, which is rooted in the teachings of the Quran - holy book of Muslims. Islamic education and Muslim education are not the same. Because Islamic education has epistemological integration which is founded on Tawhid - Oneness or monotheism. For deta... | What book is the basis for education in Islamic traditions? | {
"answer_start": [
115
],
"text": [
"Quran"
]
} |
572a637c7a1753140016af06 | Madrasa | The term "Islamic education" means education in the light of Islam itself, which is rooted in the teachings of the Quran - holy book of Muslims. Islamic education and Muslim education are not the same. Because Islamic education has epistemological integration which is founded on Tawhid - Oneness or monotheism. For deta... | What types of education greatly differs from Islamic education? | {
"answer_start": [
167
],
"text": [
"Muslim education"
]
} |
572a637c7a1753140016af07 | Madrasa | The term "Islamic education" means education in the light of Islam itself, which is rooted in the teachings of the Quran - holy book of Muslims. Islamic education and Muslim education are not the same. Because Islamic education has epistemological integration which is founded on Tawhid - Oneness or monotheism. For deta... | What is Islamic religion traditionally considered as far as theology is concerned? | {
"answer_start": [
300
],
"text": [
"monotheism"
]
} |
572a64d4b8ce0319002e2b13 | Madrasa | The first institute of madrasa education was at the estate of Hazrat Zaid bin Arkam near a hill called Safa, where Hazrat Muhammad was the teacher and the students were some of his followers.[citation needed] After Hijrah (migration) the madrasa of "Suffa" was established in Madina on the east side of the Al-Masjid an-... | Where was the first madrasa located? | {
"answer_start": [
48
],
"text": [
"the estate of Hazrat Zaid bin Arkam"
]
} |
572a64d4b8ce0319002e2b14 | Madrasa | The first institute of madrasa education was at the estate of Hazrat Zaid bin Arkam near a hill called Safa, where Hazrat Muhammad was the teacher and the students were some of his followers.[citation needed] After Hijrah (migration) the madrasa of "Suffa" was established in Madina on the east side of the Al-Masjid an-... | Who was the teacher at the first madrasa? | {
"answer_start": [
115
],
"text": [
"Hazrat Muhammad"
]
} |
572a64d4b8ce0319002e2b15 | Madrasa | The first institute of madrasa education was at the estate of Hazrat Zaid bin Arkam near a hill called Safa, where Hazrat Muhammad was the teacher and the students were some of his followers.[citation needed] After Hijrah (migration) the madrasa of "Suffa" was established in Madina on the east side of the Al-Masjid an-... | Who was named as a teacher at the second madrasa, housed in a mosque? | {
"answer_start": [
335
],
"text": [
"Hazrat 'Ubada bin Samit"
]
} |
572a64d4b8ce0319002e2b16 | Madrasa | The first institute of madrasa education was at the estate of Hazrat Zaid bin Arkam near a hill called Safa, where Hazrat Muhammad was the teacher and the students were some of his followers.[citation needed] After Hijrah (migration) the madrasa of "Suffa" was established in Madina on the east side of the Al-Masjid an-... | What handwriting art form was taught in the early madaris? | {
"answer_start": [
660
],
"text": [
"calligraphy"
]
} |
572a64d4b8ce0319002e2b17 | Madrasa | The first institute of madrasa education was at the estate of Hazrat Zaid bin Arkam near a hill called Safa, where Hazrat Muhammad was the teacher and the students were some of his followers.[citation needed] After Hijrah (migration) the madrasa of "Suffa" was established in Madina on the east side of the Al-Masjid an-... | What type of physical fitness activities were taught in the early madaris? | {
"answer_start": [
673
],
"text": [
"athletics and martial arts"
]
} |
572a661dfed8de19000d5beb | Madrasa | During the rule of the Fatimid and Mamluk dynasties and their successor states in the medieval Middle East, many of the ruling elite founded madaris through a religious endowment known as the waqf. Not only was the madrasa a potent symbol of status but it was an effective means of transmitting wealth and status to thei... | Which class of people founded the madaris during the medieval period? | {
"answer_start": [
120
],
"text": [
"ruling elite"
]
} |
572a661dfed8de19000d5bec | Madrasa | During the rule of the Fatimid and Mamluk dynasties and their successor states in the medieval Middle East, many of the ruling elite founded madaris through a religious endowment known as the waqf. Not only was the madrasa a potent symbol of status but it was an effective means of transmitting wealth and status to thei... | How were the madaris funded during the medieval period? | {
"answer_start": [
149
],
"text": [
"through a religious endowment"
]
} |
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