q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 10 300 | selftext stringlengths 0 10.9k | document stringclasses 1
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1vg5j6 | Is there some minute probability that all of my atoms suddenly wind up on the moon at the same time (since their location is described by a probability wave)? | askscience | {
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7snbue | Why do LHC's two pipes placed horizontally to the ground ? | I had recently the opportunity to ask questions about the LHC to experts, and few questions pops up only after the meeting.
One of the question is the following : there is two parallel pipes, crossing only at particular places (where collision detectors are, obviously).
According to drawings and explanations i found, ... | askscience | {
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} | Why do LHC's two pipes placed horizontally to the ground ?
I had recently the opportunity to ask questions about the LHC to experts, and few questions pops up only after the meeting. One of the question is the following : there is two parallel pipes, crossing only at particular places (where collision detectors are, ob... | [
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10jzlr | Why is the Earth's freshwater supply diminishing? | If our potable water is considered a renewable resource, why are we taught to conserve water? Think about it: we use the water, it goes to the sewage cleaning facility, and then back to our water taps. So why is it so suddenly (within the last 10ish years) that there has been a movement to save, save, save water? What'... | askscience | {
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"> it goes to the sewage cleaning facility, and then back to our water taps. \n\nThis isn't quite right, most of our treated sewage does not get sent back to the water supply as it's not fit for ... | {
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} | Why is the Earth's freshwater supply diminishing?
If our potable water is considered a renewable resource, why are we taught to conserve water? Think about it: we use the water, it goes to the sewage cleaning facility, and then back to our water taps. So why is it so suddenly (within the last 10ish years) that there ha... | [
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odz01 | Is the immune system really like a muscle (i.e. the more you use it, the stronger it gets)? | Have some friends whose kids play with ours. We're all pretty laid back when it comes to the kids. We give them space, let them explore on their own, get hurt, get dirty, etc. Since we agree on that one point, they seemed shocked when they saw we have hand sanitizer by the kitchen sink (I use it when cooking, and the k... | askscience | {
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"Sort of, but not really. Though this is definitely a common misconception. There are a few different things going on here. I'm also going to give a lot of qualifiers - we don't know *exactly* how... | {
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triclosan#Endocrine_disruption",
"http://www... | Is the immune system really like a muscle (i.e. the more you use it, the stronger it gets)?
Have some friends whose kids play with ours. We're all pretty laid back when it comes to the kids. We give them space, let them explore on their own, get hurt, get dirty, etc. Since we agree on that one point, they seemed shocke... | [
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kvnps | Scientists and Engineers of Reddit, explain why the following statement is either true or false. | "We have the technology today to provide all of our energy needs via sustainable sources such as wind, solar and geothermal. All that is lacking is the political will."
I read this the other day and found it both plausible and lacking. Hence, the request for the opinions of those of greater knowledge. | askscience | {
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"Apologies if this becomes long winded.\n\nI will address the electrical aspect of energy in this post.\n\nFor an energy source to be dependable it most have several factors.\n\n1. Constant\n\n2. ... | {
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"http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/pdf/aer.pdf",
"https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/File:Geys... | Scientists and Engineers of Reddit, explain why the following statement is either true or false.
"We have the technology today to provide all of our energy needs via sustainable sources such as wind, solar and geothermal. All that is lacking is the political will." I read this the other day and found it both plausible ... | [
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3uez9k | Why could I only see out of one lens in the 3D cinema where as my SO could see out of both? | So a few days ago me and my SO went to IMAX, which is a 3D cinema with "laser technology" , whilst watching the previews i noticed that i could only see out of one eye through the glasses, i asked my SO and she said she could see out of both, we swapped glasses and it was the same situation.
I am aware of light polari... | askscience | {
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} | Why could I only see out of one lens in the 3D cinema where as my SO could see out of both?
So a few days ago me and my SO went to IMAX, which is a 3D cinema with "laser technology" , whilst watching the previews i noticed that i could only see out of one eye through the glasses, i asked my SO and she said she could se... | [
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mlins | AskScience AMA Series- IAMA Geographer in a PhD Program Studying Cartography and Visualization | I primarily study how people interpret mapped information and other graphics. My applied focus for this research is transportation and traffic mapping, with the goal of improving how well typical traffic maps can communicate travel-time.
I also study things like human-computer interaction, mobile devices (especially i... | askscience | {
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"A huge number of video games have maps of various sorts, from faux-parchment (see WoW, LOTRO) to Google Earth-style (see Skyrim). Has this informed the creation of GPS tools in rea... | {
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} | AskScience AMA Series- IAMA Geographer in a PhD Program Studying Cartography and Visualization
I primarily study how people interpret mapped information and other graphics. My applied focus for this research is transportation and traffic mapping, with the goal of improving how well typical traffic maps can communicate ... | [
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ocdwn | Can you name all potential (economic) benefits from CERN research? | **Regardless if whole LHC project turn out successful or not.**
Huge scientific knowledge gained from this is unquestionable, but on the other side.. is all that money we poured into this... irretrievable?
*I could't find this question with search. I'm sorry if it's repeated.* | askscience | {
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"For comparison; the total cost of the LHC (employing tens of thousands of scientists, engineers, construction, etc) is about $10 billion [[1]](_URL_0_) over a 20-30 year period and divvied out to... | {
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_budget_of_the_United_States"
]
} | Can you name all potential (economic) benefits from CERN research?
**Regardless if whole LHC project turn out successful or not.** Huge scientific knowledge gained from this is unquestionable, but on the other side.. is all that money we poured into this... irretrievable? *I could't find this question with search. I'm ... | [
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cd0d2l | When cutting paper with scissors, do the pressure separate the molecules Par breaking the van der waals interactions or does it cut through the c-c bonding? | Hello,
My friends and I were debating this the other day. For me, there is no way that scissors could break the carbon carbon bonds. I think it is more likely that the pressure of the scissors is enough to pull the molecules appart
Can someone help us on this matter? I couldn't fine anything on the internet.
Meh, sh... | askscience | {
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} | When cutting paper with scissors, do the pressure separate the molecules Par breaking the van der waals interactions or does it cut through the c-c bonding?
Hello, My friends and I were debating this the other day. For me, there is no way that scissors could break the carbon carbon bonds. I think it is more likely that... | [
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147uxu | How do you get energy from electromagnetic radiation? | Is this even possible, if not, why can't we? Or explain how we already do. | askscience | {
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Is this even possible, if not, why can't we? Or explain how we already do. | [
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u5xzg | Why wasn't the SpaceX Dragon capsule full? | As you can see in [this video](_URL_0_), there's plenty of room in the capsule on delivery? Why isn't it full of equipment and supplies? Is volume not the limiting factor? | askscience | {
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x7nux | What's our worst "design flaw" as a species? | askscience | {
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ma4fs | What accounts for the French paradox? (Why are French people not as fat as we'd expect, given their diet) | The fact that they eat so many carbohydrates from baked goods like baguettes (with saturated fat from cheeses and pork) seems like it would flood their blood vessels with blood glucose and thus insulin, which facilitates fat storage as far as I've researched. By what mechanism is this fat storage reduced? | askscience | {
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4kewlf | Why do we give pressors in patients with shock? | If increasing systemic vascular resistance (SVR) increases the afterload, doesn't that reduce stroke volume? | askscience | {
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pgy76 | I just saw the documentary "How Beer Saved the World." How feasible are the claims they make in the video? | For those who haven't seen it, [here's a link to it on Netflix](_URL_0_). For the too long; can't watch crowd, here's what they claim:
**1)** The accidental discovery of barley wine turned us from a nomadic species to an agricultural species.
**2)** Germ theory was discovered while comparing beer to the water used t... | askscience | {
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"For #2, it seems to be referring to [Leeuwenhoek](_URL_2_), the first guy to really get into microscopy who made a lot of important discoveries. He didn't only look at beer, he looked at anything he could find, from scummy po... | {
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"http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/arc... | I just saw the documentary "How Beer Saved the World." How feasible are the claims they make in the video?
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3oznwh | We are scientists from the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology coming to you from our 75th annual meeting. We study fossils. Ask Us Anything! | **Edit: And we're off! Thank you so much for all the wonderful questions!**
Hello AskScience! We are members of the [**Society of Vertebrate Paleontology**](_URL_5_). We study fossil fish, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles — anything with a backbone! Our research includes how these organisms lived, how they were affec... | askscience | {
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} | {
"url": [
"http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2015/04/26/taking-a-bite-out-of-time/",
"http://www.pasttime.org/",
"http://vertpaleo.org/The-Society/We-Are-SVP.aspx",
"http://www.wittemuseum.org/",
"http://eps.utk.edu/faculty/drumheller.php",
"http://vertpaleo.org/The-Society/About-the-So... | {
"url": [
"http://i.imgur.com/gabb3ej.jpg",
"http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/10/86/20130475",
"https://jochesh00.wordpress.com/2015/09/01/evolution-growth-development-a-deeper-understanding/",
"http://breaklol.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/obama-laughing-laptop.jpg"
]
} | We are scientists from the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology coming to you from our 75th annual meeting. We study fossils. Ask Us Anything!
**Edit: And we're off! Thank you so much for all the wonderful questions!** Hello AskScience! We are members of the [**Society of Vertebrate Paleontology**](_URL_5_). We study fos... | [
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35xjt0 | What is the weirdest mathematical function? | My teacher talked to us about a function that is continuous at every point but never differentiable. I was wondering if there were any other 'pathological' functions. | askscience | {
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupper%27s_self-referential_formula"
... | What is the weirdest mathematical function?
My teacher talked to us about a function that is continuous at every point but never differentiable. I was wondering if there were any other 'pathological' functions. | [
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8cqw91 | How was the newly found huge Japanese "rare earths" deposit formed? | [Link to the story](_URL_0_)
So the higher elements are formed inside Super Novae and then spewed out into the galaxy where they mix with other clouds of matter that eventually became our solar system and planet. So they have been around for billions of years before and billions of years since becoming part of the Ear... | askscience | {
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"Rare earths are really difficult to separate from other elements, they aren't actually particularly rare.\n\nMost of the more concentrated rare earths to come to the surface likely... | {
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} | {
"url": [
"https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/16/asia/japan-rare-earth-metals-find-china-economy-trnd/index.html"
]
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/rare-earth-elements-ocean/",
"https://worldoceanreview.com/en/wor-3/mineral-resources/manganese-nodules/",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/EverythingScience/comments/8bwvea/a_massive_semiinfinite_trove_of_rareearth_metals/dxajh5s/",
"https://en.wikipedi... | How was the newly found huge Japanese "rare earths" deposit formed?
[Link to the story](_URL_0_) So the higher elements are formed inside Super Novae and then spewed out into the galaxy where they mix with other clouds of matter that eventually became our solar system and planet. So they have been around for billions o... | [
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216c8s | How have plug adaptors become so much smaller and lighter over the past decade or so? | [Here's a comparison picture](_URL_0_) of two plug adaptors for electronic devices.
The one on the left was typical of about 10 years ago; it's bulky, heavy, and only takes one type of voltage (110v, 60hz).
The one on the right is typical of today; extremely compact, about 1/10th the weight of the old one, and can ... | askscience | {
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"There are a couple major reasons.\n\nFirst, switching power converters have become vastly more commonplace, and they are more efficient while using smaller components. Older AC to DC adapters use large transformers and large ... | {
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} | {
"url": [
"http://i.imgur.com/QYI9rJj.jpg"
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} | {
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} | How have plug adaptors become so much smaller and lighter over the past decade or so?
[Here's a comparison picture](_URL_0_) of two plug adaptors for electronic devices. The one on the left was typical of about 10 years ago; it's bulky, heavy, and only takes one type of voltage (110v, 60hz). The one on the right is typ... | [
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5mm3ck | How viable is the idea of using artificial wombs to help save endangered species? | I feel like this is a potential solution especially when getting animals to breed is difficult(pandas for example). The expense and scientific limitations could be an issue but I'm not sure. I would love to hear input on this | askscience | {
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"Right now artificial wombs aren't anywhere close to being a reality. Organizations that do want to clone endangered or extinct animals at this point need to use clos... | {
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"http://www.radiolab.org/story/primitive-streak/"
]
} | How viable is the idea of using artificial wombs to help save endangered species?
I feel like this is a potential solution especially when getting animals to breed is difficult(pandas for example). The expense and scientific limitations could be an issue but I'm not sure. I would love to hear input on this | [
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3lts33 | Does the 1.9 mile Klystron Gallery have to account for the curvature of the earth during construction? | Aside from walls (e.g. the Great Wall of China), the Klystron Gallery is listed as the longest man-made structure. Given its length, are there special engineering considerations that needed to be taken to deal with the curvature of the earth, or is the curvature not a significant factor at 1.9 miles? | askscience | {
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"url": []
} | {
"url": [
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]
} | Does the 1.9 mile Klystron Gallery have to account for the curvature of the earth during construction?
Aside from walls (e.g. the Great Wall of China), the Klystron Gallery is listed as the longest man-made structure. Given its length, are there special engineering considerations that needed to be taken to deal with th... | [
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3j5zyo | Aren't all chemical reactions hypothetically reversible? | Because all the original elements are still there, just paired differently. When we classify reversible reactions vs irreversible what we are basically saying is, types that can be easily reversed(straight forward) vs types that can't be easily reversed(but still hypothetical can be). | askscience | {
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} | Aren't all chemical reactions hypothetically reversible?
Because all the original elements are still there, just paired differently. When we classify reversible reactions vs irreversible what we are basically saying is, types that can be easily reversed(straight forward) vs types that can't be easily reversed(but still... | [
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on9bq | I can see the world map in my head, but when I try to draw it the result looks horrible. Where in the brain→hand→paper process does it go wrong? | This obviously doesn't only apply to world maps, but I think it's an example most can relate to. I've seen the world map so many times that I seem to have a clear picture of how it looks like in my head. However, when I try to draw one, it doesn't look like the real thing at all.
What is it that makes me so bad at dra... | askscience | {
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"http://www.amazon.com/You-Can-Draw-30-Days/dp/0738212415/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1326986285&sr=8-1",
... | I can see the world map in my head, but when I try to draw it the result looks horrible. Where in the brain→hand→paper process does it go wrong?
This obviously doesn't only apply to world maps, but I think it's an example most can relate to. I've seen the world map so many times that I seem to have a clear picture of h... | [
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1a172j | What exactly does an electric field, and the value you get for an electric field, represent? | For physics problems, say I get a value of 1.08 x 10^(-6) N/C for an electric field, what does that number represent?
And as a whole, what is an electric field? | askscience | {
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"A \"field\" is a mathematical object that has a value at every point in space. For example, the temperature of water in a bathtub is a scalar field -- it has a value (temperature) at every point in the tub. The flow of water in a bathtub ... | {
"url": []
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} | What exactly does an electric field, and the value you get for an electric field, represent?
For physics problems, say I get a value of 1.08 x 10^(-6) N/C for an electric field, what does that number represent? And as a whole, what is an electric field? | [
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ig3w8 | Jumping out of an airplane enclosed in a giant water bubble... | Imagine a giant airplane is carrying enough water to fill an olympic sized swimming pool. Hatch bay opens and all the water is let out. Unfortunately you are in the water.
Can you survive such a fall by swim to the top of this giant water sphere, while being in the freefall.
| askscience | {
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"The water will separate int... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
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"url": [
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} | Jumping out of an airplane enclosed in a giant water bubble...
Imagine a giant airplane is carrying enough water to fill an olympic sized swimming pool. Hatch bay opens and all the water is let out. Unfortunately you are in the water. Can you survive such a fall by swim to the top of this giant water sphere, while bein... | [
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14arqr | What is are the values of j and k in the quaternions? | Let me set up what my thought process so far. I'm very familiar with working with the complex plane, I'm also familiar with the idea that a true vector is an imaginary quaternion, and I use vectors throughout all my work. I understand that in the quaternion systems, there exists 4 unit dimensions: real, imaginary, an... | askscience | {
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"text": [
"This isn't necessarily the wrong subreddit, but you may want to check out /r/math, it is quite active and they would surely help you with your questions.",
"> Are these j and k dimensions just extra imaginary dimensions? \n\nBasically, ... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Hamilton/QLetter/QLetter.pdf"
]
} | What is are the values of j and k in the quaternions?
Let me set up what my thought process so far. I'm very familiar with working with the complex plane, I'm also familiar with the idea that a true vector is an imaginary quaternion, and I use vectors throughout all my work. I understand that in the quaternion systems,... | [
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2eu2bv | Sorry if a stupid question but, is there anything in the world that is capable if bending light? Natural or man made? | Like the title said. Is there anything of this world, natural or man made that is capable of bending light? | askscience | {
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"A lot of stuff can bend light. Light is affected by gravity. A black hole is an object so massive and with such strong gravity that light cannot possibly escape it.\n\nSlightly different, but still a changing of trajectory ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.vanderbilt.edu/physicsdemonstration/davesdemos/demonstrations/Pics/091-010.jpg"
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} | Sorry if a stupid question but, is there anything in the world that is capable if bending light? Natural or man made?
Like the title said. Is there anything of this world, natural or man made that is capable of bending light? | [
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3g72t5 | Could you marinate an animal using its circulatory system? | Before fully butchering an animal could you do a marinade transfusion and use its existing circulatory system to marinate the entire carcass?
I figure doing it that way over a course of time would allow the marinade to fully infuse into all of the muscle tissue like blood normally would.
I am also not sure if this ... | askscience | {
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"Using some type of pump to force fluid around the vasculature could theoretically cause the marinade to circulate, but without living cells, I'm unsure of how \"deep\" into the meat it would get since active transport of molecules wouldn't ... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | Could you marinate an animal using its circulatory system?
Before fully butchering an animal could you do a marinade transfusion and use its existing circulatory system to marinate the entire carcass? I figure doing it that way over a course of time would allow the marinade to fully infuse into all of the muscle tissue... | [
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1gs8o1 | If you coated the bottom of a boat in NeverWet, would it travel faster through the water? | NeverWet, the product related to [these headlines](_URL_1_)
The idea originally proposed [in comments](_URL_0_) by /u/probablyinahotel | askscience | {
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"To an extent.\n\nHydrophobic surfaces (NeverWet is a superhydrophobic coating) reduce drag... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/technology/comments/1gra3d/remember_the_super_hydrophobic_coating_that_we/can0db1",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/technology/comments/1gra3d/remember_the_super_hydrophobic_coating_that_we/"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-phase_flow",
"http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms/s/slip.aspx",
"http://etc14.ens-lyon.fr/openconf/modules/request.php?module=oc_program&action=view.php&id=282",
"http://blog.nialbarker.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/laminar_turbulent_flow... | If you coated the bottom of a boat in NeverWet, would it travel faster through the water?
NeverWet, the product related to [these headlines](_URL_1_) The idea originally proposed [in comments](_URL_0_) by /u/probablyinahotel | [
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a63dck | Do radio receivers draw some power from the radio waves they receive? | I was thinking about this the other day. When I turn on my car radio, does it actually draw some power from the EM field, weakening it? Can this affect other receivers nearby, making the signal weaker for them? | askscience | {
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"A tiny bit: Yes.\n\nIf you live close to a strong source you can make a radio that works without battery - powered by the radiation it receives.\n\n_URL_0_",
"It's actually pretty easy to understand and calculate the amou... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_radio"
]
} | Do radio receivers draw some power from the radio waves they receive?
I was thinking about this the other day. When I turn on my car radio, does it actually draw some power from the EM field, weakening it? Can this affect other receivers nearby, making the signal weaker for them? | [
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1bf3qe | What is the average day in the life of Curiosity made up of ? | What does he do all day and who controls him ? | askscience | {
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"http://www.msl-chemcam.com/index.php?menu=inc&page_consult=textes&rubrique=63&sousrubrique=210&soussousrubrique... | What is the average day in the life of Curiosity made up of ?
What does he do all day and who controls him ? | [
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1bd4yk | How close could a person get to the sun, realistically? | How close could someone get to the surface of the sun (in a space ship obviously) before heat or gravity destroyed him?
edit: Thanks for the replies, I've learned a lot! | askscience | {
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How close could someone get to the surface of the sun (in a space ship obviously) before heat or gravity destroyed him? edit: Thanks for the replies, I've learned a lot! | [
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2tqzko | I want to hang dry my clothes; which would be faster; exposing it to sunlight or a breeze? | Would it be faster to dry a garment indoors against a window that's exposed to direct sunlight, or outside, where there's a slight breeze (but in the shade)? Basically, I'm asking is the sunlight more effective at drying stuff, or is open/moving air? Strange question, I know, but I'm very curious. | askscience | {
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Would it be faster to dry a garment indoors against a window that's exposed to direct sunlight, or outside, where there's a slight breeze (but in the shade)? Basically, I'm asking is the sunlight more effective at drying stuff, o... | [
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7m430u | Why do we measure time by earth specifications instead of a universal constant? | We use Earth's 1 loop around the sun for a year, but everything is relative including time. Think Interstellar.. Why not use a constant that works everywhere? Radioactive decay maybe? | askscience | {
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"> Radioactive decay maybe?\n\nA very good idea! In fact, this is pretty close to how [modern time measurement works](_URL_0_). Some atoms, like the caesium atoms we use in atomic clocks, have a built-in oscilla... | {
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"url": []
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"url": [
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We use Earth's 1 loop around the sun for a year, but everything is relative including time. Think Interstellar.. Why not use a constant that works everywhere? Radioactive decay maybe? | [
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4ai9b6 | Can a mathematician explain this counter-intuitive coin toss fact? | Was reading an interesting article yesterday (_URL_0_) and this fact it mentioned intrigued me:
"Soundararajan was drawn to study consecutive primes after hearing a lecture at Stanford by the mathematician Tadashi Tokieda, of the University of Cambridge, in which he mentioned a **counterintuitive property of coin-toss... | askscience | {
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} | {
"url": [
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} | Can a mathematician explain this counter-intuitive coin toss fact?
Was reading an interesting article yesterday (_URL_0_) and this fact it mentioned intrigued me: "Soundararajan was drawn to study consecutive primes after hearing a lecture at Stanford by the mathematician Tadashi Tokieda, of the University of Cambridge... | [
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30r5ft | Just how reliable is the Myers–Briggs type indicator? | is it based in science or is it more akin to a horoscope? | askscience | {
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"url": [
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} | Just how reliable is the Myers–Briggs type indicator?
is it based in science or is it more akin to a horoscope? | [
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q4nld | "The likelihood of two events occurring at precisely the same moment is 0." Is this true? | Was having a bit of a stoner statistics discussion with a friend and this came up. Is this true and if so, explain? | askscience | {
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativity_of_simultaneity",
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Was having a bit of a stoner statistics discussion with a friend and this came up. Is this true and if so, explain? | [
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k3e9o | What are the negative effects on the body due to the "flight-or-fight" response? | To clarify, what does the body sacrifice to increase the bodies physical/mental capabilities for the short term to deal with a situation?
The Wikipedia article talks about long term stress leading to "illnesses such as ulcers, depression, diabetes, trouble with the digestive system, or even cardiovascular problems, a... | askscience | {
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"url": []
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"url": [
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"http://www.jneurosci.org/content/10/9/2897.full.pdf",
"http://people.usd.edu/~cliff/Courses/A... | What are the negative effects on the body due to the "flight-or-fight" response?
To clarify, what does the body sacrifice to increase the bodies physical/mental capabilities for the short term to deal with a situation? The Wikipedia article talks about long term stress leading to "illnesses such as ulcers, depression, ... | [
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26spok | Will a drop of liquid distribute itself evenly in a body of water without being agitated? | If given a fixed body of water and a quantity of a liquid that can mix with water is added at a fixed point, will the added substance eventually disperse evenly through the water or will it stay in the general area it was added? (assuming the water is not agitated in any way and there is no water movement to help dispe... | askscience | {
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"url": [
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If given a fixed body of water and a quantity of a liquid that can mix with water is added at a fixed point, will the added substance eventually disperse evenly through the water or will it stay in the general area it was added? (... | [
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1z39jj | In evolution if mutations are random, how does bacteria learn to use the mutations correctly? Does the behavior mutate randomly too? | _URL_0_
This question may be a bit confusing so let me put it this way:
If a cell evolves a flagellum that it did not have before (dont know
how likely that mutation is) how does it know how to use the tail upon evolving? If it were to get proteins that help it cling to objects instead of a Flagellum, how would it k... | askscience | {
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"url": [
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} | In evolution if mutations are random, how does bacteria learn to use the mutations correctly? Does the behavior mutate randomly too?
_URL_0_ This question may be a bit confusing so let me put it this way: If a cell evolves a flagellum that it did not have before (dont know how likely that mutation is) how does it know ... | [
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ouug0 | A Muslim friend of mine insists that scientists have been unable to create life from the elements that were present in the "primordial soup of the earth." Is this true? | I think what he means is that scientists cannot recreate how life began, so God did it. I didn't quite know how to answer him on this topic because I have never researched it much myself :/ Thanks reddit!
EDIT: It really has nothing to do with him being Muslim, other than the fact that we were debating about Islam's c... | askscience | {
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"http://www.thegreatcourses.com/tgc/courses/course_detail.aspx?cid=1515",
"http://exploringorigins.org/rnaworld.html",
"http://www.ted.co... | A Muslim friend of mine insists that scientists have been unable to create life from the elements that were present in the "primordial soup of the earth." Is this true?
I think what he means is that scientists cannot recreate how life began, so God did it. I didn't quite know how to answer him on this topic because I h... | [
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n4x7a | Is the phenonemon of "childhood imaginary friends" present in all human cultures? | askscience | {
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"Here are a few reports on location-specific prevalence:\n\n* [65% in the United States, 46% in United Kingdom](_URL_0_)\n* [10% in Japan](_URL_1_)",
"According to some studies in the US{1}, roughly 65% of children create ... | {
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} | {
"url": []
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"url": [
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1qav9n | I heard that after sex, men have a biological impulse to get away from the woman and women have the impulse to keep the man close. Is this true? | askscience | {
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"url": []
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} | I heard that after sex, men have a biological impulse to get away from the woman and women have the impulse to keep the man close. Is this true?
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3u80t7 | Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science | Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on **Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science**
Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big or small for ... | askscience | {
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"I got a degree in software engineering, now all job offers I see are either \"make an app\" or \"make a website\"... is there any way to become researcher / scientist (or assitant)? aka, is ther... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1uxrxz/askscience_panel_of_scientists_x/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/wiki/index#wiki_answering_askscience",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/search?q=flair%3A%27meta%27&restrict_sr=on&sort=new&t=all"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science
Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on **Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science** Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for... | [
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k0ddi | What predictions can you make based on evolutionary theory? | Recently, I was having a debate with a friend of mine about skeptical thinking, and he was discussing what he saw as flaws in the theory of evolution. He said that - unlike the heliocentric theory about the solar system for instance - evolutionary theory cannot be used to make testable predictions about the future, an... | askscience | {
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} | {
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"url": []
} | What predictions can you make based on evolutionary theory?
Recently, I was having a debate with a friend of mine about skeptical thinking, and he was discussing what he saw as flaws in the theory of evolution. He said that - unlike the heliocentric theory about the solar system for instance - evolutionary theory canno... | [
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2ttwt1 | What exactly is electric charge? (Specific questions inside) | I was just reading the wiki page on [electric charge](_URL_1_) and read these sentences which i'm trying to understand.
**1** "The unit is today treated as nameless, referred to as "elementary charge", "fundamental unit of charge", or simply as "e". A measure of charge should be a multiple of the elementary charge e, ... | askscience | {
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"1) The \"elementary charge\" is just that, elementary. We haven't found any way to express it in terms of other quantities. When we talk about the total charge of an object, we express that as th... | {
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} | {
"url": [
"http://www.av8n.com/physics/one-kind-of-charge.htm",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge"
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"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_symmetry",
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI_base_unit",
"http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/ampere.html"
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} | What exactly is electric charge? (Specific questions inside)
I was just reading the wiki page on [electric charge](_URL_1_) and read these sentences which i'm trying to understand. **1** "The unit is today treated as nameless, referred to as "elementary charge", "fundamental unit of charge", or simply as "e". A measure... | [
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3cga45 | If you were lost in space, and encountered intelligent life, how would you explain where Earth is, in order to get home? | So you can't say the milky way, because no one else calls it that, you can't explain the Earth is "x" kilometers wide/from the sun or the Earth is "x" kilograms because they may not have the same unit/ratio of measurement. idea based on the show Farscape. In a seemingly endless universe, how would you begin to describe... | askscience | {
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"Before the Voyager probes' golden record, the the Pioneer space probes had a [plaque](_URL_0_) which located earth relative to a dozen pulsars, so that ~~earth's~~ our sun's locati... | {
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"url": [
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pioneer_plaque.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_plaque#Hyperfine_transition_of_neutral_hydrogen",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_A... | If you were lost in space, and encountered intelligent life, how would you explain where Earth is, in order to get home?
So you can't say the milky way, because no one else calls it that, you can't explain the Earth is "x" kilometers wide/from the sun or the Earth is "x" kilograms because they may not have the same uni... | [
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yt8yt | Is there a theoretical physicist that can explain what I'm looking at? | James Gates PhD. described [this](_URL_0_) as "computer code" in the equations of string theory. More and more of my friends are quoting him as proof we live in The Matrix. Can /r/askscience please help explain what this is all about? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"This diagram is an *adinkra*. Adinkras are diagrams used to study the represesntations of supersymmetry algebras. They were introduced in a paper by Mike Faux and Jim Gates, which you can find [here](_URL_0_).\n\nEdit: Jim Gates has writt... | {
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} | {
"url": [
"http://www.imgur.com/nFXby"
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"url": [
"http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0408004",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_physics#Wheeler.27s_.22it_from_bit.22",
"http://www.onbeing.org/program/uncovering-codes-reality/feature/symbols-power-adinkras-and-nature-reality/1460"
]
} | Is there a theoretical physicist that can explain what I'm looking at?
James Gates PhD. described [this](_URL_0_) as "computer code" in the equations of string theory. More and more of my friends are quoting him as proof we live in The Matrix. Can /r/askscience please help explain what this is all about? | [
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odxb1 | Why does it take humans such a long time to become self sufficient after we're born? | It takes humans about 1 year before we are even able to stand up without holding on to something. Why is it that compared to other animals, we take such a long time to develop into a being that can actually survive on our own without constant protection and assistance? | askscience | {
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"It's a balance between walking upright and having big brains.\n\nBefore we got big brains, our ancestors starting walking upright. This helped as it allows us see farther, it gave us the ability to engage in cursorial (endura... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
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"url": []
} | Why does it take humans such a long time to become self sufficient after we're born?
It takes humans about 1 year before we are even able to stand up without holding on to something. Why is it that compared to other animals, we take such a long time to develop into a being that can actually survive on our own without c... | [
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75z12c | Could a helium balloon with a GoPro™ attached reach a high enough altitude to record the curvature of the earth? | Understandably, maybe not a regular store bought balloon, but my real question here is; couldn't "flat-earth" be disproven on a shoestring-budget? | askscience | {
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"Yep, [on a weather balloon](_URL_1_). Lots of people have already done this. GoPros have a lens that distorts the view a bit, but that can be corrected for (or you can send up a camera with a different lens).\n\nYou can see the curvature of... | {
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"https://www.metabunk.org/attachments/lake-pontchartrain-power-lines-demonstrating-the-curvature-metabunk-jpg.27877/",
"http://www.slate.co... | Could a helium balloon with a GoPro™ attached reach a high enough altitude to record the curvature of the earth?
Understandably, maybe not a regular store bought balloon, but my real question here is; couldn't "flat-earth" be disproven on a shoestring-budget? | [
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2876br | Why is this picture so hard to look at? | All it is is colours, but it's so hard on the eyes. What causes this?
_URL_0_ | askscience | {
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"url": [
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"http://www.tlc-systems.com/pp011185crp.jpg",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCollough_effect",
"... | Why is this picture so hard to look at?
All it is is colours, but it's so hard on the eyes. What causes this? _URL_0_ | [
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5amdsb | I have a coin that I suspect flips heads 50.1% of the time, how many flips do I need to distinguish it from a coin that flips heads 50% of the time? | This is entirely hypothetical. I'm interested in understanding the statistical analysis involved, especially assigning confidence intervals. | askscience | {
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"url": []
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"url": [
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logit",
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanov%27s_theorem",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kullback%E2%80%93Leibler_divergence"
]
} | I have a coin that I suspect flips heads 50.1% of the time, how many flips do I need to distinguish it from a coin that flips heads 50% of the time?
This is entirely hypothetical. I'm interested in understanding the statistical analysis involved, especially assigning confidence intervals. | [
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latz1 | Does "peak science" exist? | . | askscience | {
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"I feel like this hypothesis is limited by working within a strictly capitalist framework. Ultimately, if we can envisage... | {
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"url": [
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} | Does "peak science" exist?
. | [
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3o9r3v | Don't checksums prove that some problems are easier to verify than to solve? | I've been reading about P vs NP, the premise is “If the solution to a problem can be verified in polynomial time, can it be found in polynomial time?”
A checksum is very fast to verify, however it is impossible to reverse it. Wouldn't that mean it takes longer to solve than to verify? | askscience | {
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"The problem lies in that for many NP problems, for example a lot of cryptographic algorithms, there is no mathematical proof that they can't be broken within polynomial time. To our current knowledge, there might be an effici... | {
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"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_satisfiability_problem"
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} | Don't checksums prove that some problems are easier to verify than to solve?
I've been reading about P vs NP, the premise is “If the solution to a problem can be verified in polynomial time, can it be found in polynomial time?” A checksum is very fast to verify, however it is impossible to reverse it. Wouldn't that mea... | [
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2xdw5s | If little crumbs fall down your trachea what happens to them? | They wont be digested by stomach acid, so what happens? Do I have a little pile of crumbs at the bottom??
Edit: Thank you all so much for the explanation, you all helped settle a debate between a few college students! | askscience | {
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"[Alveolar macrophages](_URL_0_) residing in the lungs will break down and destroy any debris or foreign material that is inhaled or makes it down the wrong pipe.",
"Hi, this is actually something I know about, I'm a speech and swallowin... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_macrophage"
]
} | If little crumbs fall down your trachea what happens to them?
They wont be digested by stomach acid, so what happens? Do I have a little pile of crumbs at the bottom?? Edit: Thank you all so much for the explanation, you all helped settle a debate between a few college students! | [
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1t3wfb | What are the differences between arcsin and cosec? (As well as the cos and tan counterparts) | It confused me a little today when I realised that we write sin(x)^2 as sin^(2)(x), so we should be able to write sin(x)^-1 (AKA cosec(x)) as sin^(-1)(x), which is also used to denote arcsin(x). | askscience | {
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"It's just a bad choice of notation. [They are different functions](_URL_0_). \n\nedit: I would hazard to guess that it's borrowed from linear algebra notation, where the inverse of matrix operator is another matrix that when multiplied by t... | {
"url": []
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"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=plot%28arcsin%28x%29%2Ccsc%28x%29%29+from+x%3D-1+to+x%3D1"
]
} | What are the differences between arcsin and cosec? (As well as the cos and tan counterparts)
It confused me a little today when I realised that we write sin(x)^2 as sin^(2)(x), so we should be able to write sin(x)^-1 (AKA cosec(x)) as sin^(-1)(x), which is also used to denote arcsin(x). | [
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aimxeh | Do any non-human species exhibit the concept of familial inheritance of either property or position? | Several non-human species (e.g. certain birds, rats, and primates) seem to have a sense of property. Many species have hierarchical social structures, in which certain individuals are considered dominant or superior to others. Are there any species in which the offspring of a deceased individual "inherit" either thei... | askscience | {
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"text": [
"Familiar inheritance of position, absolutely. It looks like macaques have been studied the most, Google turns up a number of scholarly articles including [The Influence of Gender, Age, Matriline and Hierarchic... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4834345/#B53",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4834345/#B15",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4834345/#B83",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4834345/#B17",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/... | Do any non-human species exhibit the concept of familial inheritance of either property or position?
Several non-human species (e.g. certain birds, rats, and primates) seem to have a sense of property. Many species have hierarchical social structures, in which certain individuals are considered dominant or superior to ... | [
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vqes4 | Imaginary numbers. Sqrt of -1 does not exist, yet it can be applied in electronics. This makes no sense. Anyone care to explain? | askscience | {
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"text": [
"1 doesn't 'exist' either.\n\nJust because 1 can be used to describe objects doesn't make it more real than a numerical entity that can't be visualised in the same wa... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics\\)#Applications",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_number#Matrix_representation_of_complex_numbers",
"http://betterexplained.com/articles/a-visual-intuitive-guide-to-imaginary-numbers",
"http://rossroessler.tripod.com",
"http://en.w... | Imaginary numbers. Sqrt of -1 does not exist, yet it can be applied in electronics. This makes no sense. Anyone care to explain?
| [
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okv96 | Why do we space out? | I just caught myself spacing out in class, and I came to wonder, why do we do it? Does it happen when we're tired? When we're bored?
Edit: If you're gonna comment "because we're high", please spare me the 19th of the kind. Thanks. | askscience | {
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"text": [
"[Jonah Lehrer](_URL_1_) calls daydreaming our \"default activity,\" which you can read more about [here](_URL_0_).",
... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://findlab.stanford.edu/Daydreaming.pdf",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLebgmPloJ4&feature=youtu.be"
]
} | Why do we space out?
I just caught myself spacing out in class, and I came to wonder, why do we do it? Does it happen when we're tired? When we're bored? Edit: If you're gonna comment "because we're high", please spare me the 19th of the kind. Thanks. | [
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jrg6m | What has been living in my dad's eye for the last 20 years?! | askscience | {
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"text": [
"Sounds like a combination of [Floaters](_URL_0_) , and light schizophrenia.\n\nNote: I am not a trained psychologist, or doctor.",
"I think acid has been living in your dads eye.",
"If there is somethi... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
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]
} | What has been living in my dad's eye for the last 20 years?!
| [
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61tg8r | If Newton's Law of Gravitation is only meant for point masses, how come we use it to calculate force of gravity on a massive body like Earth? | askscience | {
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} | If Newton's Law of Gravitation is only meant for point masses, how come we use it to calculate force of gravity on a massive body like Earth?
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41sgzw | How much work does it take to send a packet across the internet? | A packet of some size is sent from A to B, which are some distance part, via some number of routers. Can someone Fermi estimate (or better) the energy required to do this?
*edit*
thanks everybody, i see it's a complicated question, and i like the material answers that were provided. to those who answer along the lin... | askscience | {
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"Thanks to IPV6, your average path length is probably diving down toward 3.5. In your endpoint, you're probably spending ... | {
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"http://sysnet.ucsd.edu/~pmahadevan/publications/FinalVersion_Networking2009.pdf",
"http://nrlweb.cs.ucla.edu/publication/download/281/garyglcm98.pdf",
... | How much work does it take to send a packet across the internet?
A packet of some size is sent from A to B, which are some distance part, via some number of routers. Can someone Fermi estimate (or better) the energy required to do this? *edit* thanks everybody, i see it's a complicated question, and i like the material... | [
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kfd6f | I'm 0 negative blood type. Could I give blood directly from my circulatory system to any other person's? | Let's say I'm a witness of an accident and I have the equipment and formation needed to do a blood transfusion directly from me to the victim. Would it be safe to do so? In other words; does my blood need to be processed in some way before being given to other person?
(Sorry for my English, I'm not a native speaker) | askscience | {
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"url": [
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} | I'm 0 negative blood type. Could I give blood directly from my circulatory system to any other person's?
Let's say I'm a witness of an accident and I have the equipment and formation needed to do a blood transfusion directly from me to the victim. Would it be safe to do so? In other words; does my blood need to be proc... | [
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5l3bjf | AskScience AMA Series: I'm /u/OrbitalPete, a volcanologist who works on explosive eruptions, earthquakes, and underwater currents. Ask Me Anything! | /u/OrbitalPete is a volcanologist based at a university in the UK. He got his PhD in 2010, and has since worked in several countries developing new lab techniques, experiments, and computer models. He specialises in using flume experiments to explore the behaviour of pyroclastic density currents from explosive eruption... | askscience | {
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} | AskScience AMA Series: I'm /u/OrbitalPete, a volcanologist who works on explosive eruptions, earthquakes, and underwater currents. Ask Me Anything!
/u/OrbitalPete is a volcanologist based at a university in the UK. He got his PhD in 2010, and has since worked in several countries developing new lab techniques, experime... | [
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r1noh | If we use a non base 10 counting system, do all math theories still work? | We base most of our math equations on the base 10 system, obviously since we have 10 fingers. If we had 8 fingers, and used a base 8 system, or for some reason a base 9 system, would our mathematical equations that we use to "do science" still work? All the formulas to explain acceleration, speed of light, gravity's ... | askscience | {
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} | If we use a non base 10 counting system, do all math theories still work?
We base most of our math equations on the base 10 system, obviously since we have 10 fingers. If we had 8 fingers, and used a base 8 system, or for some reason a base 9 system, would our mathematical equations that we use to "do science" still wo... | [
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bud7iq | AskScience AMA Series: I am Jamil Zaki, professor of psychology at Stanford University and director of the Stanford Social Neuroscience Lab. I wrote a book called The War for Kindness, which shares stories and research about how to fight for empathy even when it feels impossible to some days. AMA! | Hi Reddit! I’m Jamil Zaki, a professor of psychology at Stanford University and head of the [Stanford Social Neuroscience Lab](_URL_1_). My first book, called [The War for Kindness](_URL_3_), comes out next week!
For the last fifteen years, I’ve studied empathy—people’s ability to share, think about, and care abou... | askscience | {
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"https://www.amazon.com/War-Kindness-Building-Empathy-Fractured/dp/0451499247/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&... | {
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} | AskScience AMA Series: I am Jamil Zaki, professor of psychology at Stanford University and director of the Stanford Social Neuroscience Lab. I wrote a book called The War for Kindness, which shares stories and research about how to fight for empathy even when it feels impossible to some days. AMA!
Hi Reddit! I’m Jamil ... | [
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xztt1 | How would a triple helix affect a human being. | how would a third strand added to our dna's double helix change us | askscience | {
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38niz0 | Has an artifact ever been found that is too advanced for the time period that it originates from? | askscience | {
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"url": [
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"https://rideapart.com/articles/mystery-traub-motorcycle",
"http://s8int.com/page29.html",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-place_ar... | Has an artifact ever been found that is too advanced for the time period that it originates from?
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rx63l | Would it be possible, given a person's prescription, to create an altered image that would appear normal to that person? | And if so, would it further be possible to create something of a filter on a PC that would alter the image displayed on the monitor to appear "normal" based on an inputted prescription? | askscience | {
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} | Would it be possible, given a person's prescription, to create an altered image that would appear normal to that person?
And if so, would it further be possible to create something of a filter on a PC that would alter the image displayed on the monitor to appear "normal" based on an inputted prescription? | [
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4wag2n | Why do we say entangled particles 'know' what happened to the other, instead of 'they're part of a system that balances'? | I've recently tried, once again, to get to the point where I actually feel I've wrapped my head around quantum entanglement, and cannot get there - then remembered this sub exists!
When we observe a particle from a pair of entangled particles, its properties 'balance' the other particle (ie, if one spins x to the left... | askscience | {
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"http://www.felderbooks.com/papers/bell.html"
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} | Why do we say entangled particles 'know' what happened to the other, instead of 'they're part of a system that balances'?
I've recently tried, once again, to get to the point where I actually feel I've wrapped my head around quantum entanglement, and cannot get there - then remembered this sub exists! When we observe a... | [
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1bb5tg | Why are COX2 inhibitors bad. | I'm taking Biochemistry right now, and a point of discussion is the cyclooxygenase cycle. I've learned that COX2 inhibitors were pulled from the market due to vascular problems related to inhibition of COX2, which led me to a question. Why don't COX1/COX2 inhibitors have the same problems. Since the COX2 inhibitors onl... | askscience | {
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} | Why are COX2 inhibitors bad.
I'm taking Biochemistry right now, and a point of discussion is the cyclooxygenase cycle. I've learned that COX2 inhibitors were pulled from the market due to vascular problems related to inhibition of COX2, which led me to a question. Why don't COX1/COX2 inhibitors have the same problems. ... | [
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1qm85s | Various cultures eat cow brains on a regular basis. Is this not dangerous? Why isn't there a high rate of BSE in these cultures? | maybe I'm just ignorant? But I thought eating brains was a dangerous thing to do and carried the risk of contracting certain types of diseases Like bovine spongiform encephalitis? yet these cultures don't seem to have a high rate of that disease.
Re:
_URL_0_.
Beef brains and veal (juvenile beef) or calf's brains are... | askscience | {
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"url": [
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} | Various cultures eat cow brains on a regular basis. Is this not dangerous? Why isn't there a high rate of BSE in these cultures?
maybe I'm just ignorant? But I thought eating brains was a dangerous thing to do and carried the risk of contracting certain types of diseases Like bovine spongiform encephalitis? yet these c... | [
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4hxl88 | What do intelligent mammals like primates do with their dead? | askscience | {
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... | {
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} | What do intelligent mammals like primates do with their dead?
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rpwvt | While in High School, my science teacher explained evaporative cooling as "the warm molecules evaporate, leaving only the colder molecules behind". This didn't sound completely right then, and still doesn't now, is it? | Is a liquid of a stable temperature really comprised of molecules of different temperatures? I realize there must be some variation, but nothing great.
I.E. Evaporative cooling can cool a 90 degree sample of water to say 30 degrees, but I don't imagine 90 degree water contains any 30 degree molecules, so there must be... | askscience | {
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"The language is a bit woode... | {
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} | While in High School, my science teacher explained evaporative cooling as "the warm molecules evaporate, leaving only the colder molecules behind". This didn't sound completely right then, and still doesn't now, is it?
Is a liquid of a stable temperature really comprised of molecules of different temperatures? I realiz... | [
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5ep72l | Is the the discovery of CRISPR the most impactful scientific advance since 1900? | [removed] | askscience | {
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"That's a hell of a lot of competition you have set for CRISPR. Even if CRISPR can do all the things people suggest it might, you are putting it up against:\n\n* flight - the ability to move peop... | {
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} | Is the the discovery of CRISPR the most impactful scientific advance since 1900?
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164oe9 | What is the most efficient/powerful movement the human body can perform? | In an attempt to be brief: I'm working with a group that makes human-powered devices for post harvest processing. Threshers, winnowers, grinders, etc.
Some of them are small enough to be powered by a simple hand crank, some are quite large and require one or even two people using foot (bicycle) power.
**And so the ... | askscience | {
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"Cycling is generally the best way to harness sustained power from a person. An average value for sustained power this way is 125 W (1/6 hp), but obviously there is a large variation in people's power capacity.\n\n[Here](_URL_0_) is a page ... | {
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} | What is the most efficient/powerful movement the human body can perform?
In an attempt to be brief: I'm working with a group that makes human-powered devices for post harvest processing. Threshers, winnowers, grinders, etc. Some of them are small enough to be powered by a simple hand crank, some are quite large and req... | [
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4zuywu | Is there a ratio of speed to time dilation? (Ex: 1 Minute slower per 1,000 mph) | askscience | {
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"The ratio between the time intervals measured by two observers in inertial reference frames (that is: no acceleration) moving with relative velocity *v* is:\n\n1 / sqrt( 1 - *v*^2 / *c*^2 )\n\nThis quantity occurs more often ... | {
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"url": [
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p792r | What is the next likely leap forward in computing? | I have heard that computers are reaching their a physical constraint in how fast they go so what is are the potential technologies for the next big breakthrough?
I am computer illiterate but have heard about quantum computers, and other potential technologies involving bioligical elements...
How far away are we from ... | askscience | {
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"Quantum computing is definitely advancing, but it's not near the point of matching a classical computer any time soon. There's quite a few hurdles to overcome before we can fully utilize the pote... | {
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"url": []
} | {
"url": [
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"http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2010/03/case_western_reserve_universit.html",
"http://xkcd.com/732/",
"http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/2... | What is the next likely leap forward in computing?
I have heard that computers are reaching their a physical constraint in how fast they go so what is are the potential technologies for the next big breakthrough? I am computer illiterate but have heard about quantum computers, and other potential technologies involving... | [
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3q0fs7 | How do you get cold in space without a transference medium? | I'd imagine it wouldn't at all be like getting cold on earth, where the heat transfers into the air. | askscience | {
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"Solid objects get cold in space (assuming ideal vacuum) only by radiation loss. Every object at a given temperature will radiate energy/heat in the form of electromagnetic waves (photons) due to [spontaneous emission](_URL_1_... | {
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_cloth",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04... | How do you get cold in space without a transference medium?
I'd imagine it wouldn't at all be like getting cold on earth, where the heat transfers into the air. | [
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1y2gkt | We are usually shown waves in two dimensions. How do waves look in three dimensions? | Can they be rendered in 3d. Is there an illustration that already exists? I imagine we've all seen a drop of water hit the surface. What about a submarine ping underwater or yelling in a room? | askscience | {
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"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmT-yFhD0eU",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5GRtpeuPSw"
]
} | We are usually shown waves in two dimensions. How do waves look in three dimensions?
Can they be rendered in 3d. Is there an illustration that already exists? I imagine we've all seen a drop of water hit the surface. What about a submarine ping underwater or yelling in a room? | [
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y0z8i | Do anti-perspirants actually do any harm to humans? | I've always heard that the active ingredient of aluminum zirconium is no good for your skin because of how it blocks your pores, stopping sweat. Any truth to this? | askscience | {
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"There isn't a ton of good research on the topic, unfortunately. It has been suggested (but without solid clinical data) that aluminum-containing antiperspirants may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer due to [... | {
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"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16045991",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17629949",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/y0z8i/do_antiperspirants_actually... | Do anti-perspirants actually do any harm to humans?
I've always heard that the active ingredient of aluminum zirconium is no good for your skin because of how it blocks your pores, stopping sweat. Any truth to this? | [
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n7o1e | I'm watching Star Trek: First Contact and it got me thinking about FTL travel. Obviously we won't have FTL by the year 2063 but is there any legitimate research being done in the field, is it even considered a legitimate possibility? | askscience | {
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"Things like wormholes and wrap drives (alcubierre drive) are valid solutions to the Einstein field equations, but for them to exist requires the presence of some sort of exotic matter that has negative mass. We... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
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} | I'm watching Star Trek: First Contact and it got me thinking about FTL travel. Obviously we won't have FTL by the year 2063 but is there any legitimate research being done in the field, is it even considered a legitimate possibility?
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28a8l2 | How do chemists check their work? | For example when new pharmaceuticals are developed, how do they go about to make sure that the end result is of the exact nature and purity they were aiming for? | askscience | {
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"They do various analyses, like nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry, chromatography. They can tell you both what substance(s) you have and how pure they are. Or did you want to know exactly how e... | {
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For example when new pharmaceuticals are developed, how do they go about to make sure that the end result is of the exact nature and purity they were aiming for? | [
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uoivy | How does evolution explain the emergence of new organs? | I understand that organs such as the liver or kidneys become more adaptable over time because of natural selection, and others like the appendix lose their function, as well as that mutations are what lead to simpler adaptations like hair color. But I was wondering, assuming we evolved from bacteria, how did the first ... | askscience | {
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"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVRsWAjvQSg",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_flagella"
]
} | How does evolution explain the emergence of new organs?
I understand that organs such as the liver or kidneys become more adaptable over time because of natural selection, and others like the appendix lose their function, as well as that mutations are what lead to simpler adaptations like hair color. But I was wonderin... | [
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o5to3 | How could a modern-day moon landing verify that it's actually on the moon? | So I was randomly thinking about people who believe in moon landing hoaxes, and I realized that if 1960's, pre-CGI, pre-realistic greenscreen footage of the landing doesn't seem authentic to them, then with all of our advances in CGI that blur the boundary between real and fake footage, there's no way that any modern d... | askscience | {
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"text": [
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} | {
"url": []
} | How could a modern-day moon landing verify that it's actually on the moon?
So I was randomly thinking about people who believe in moon landing hoaxes, and I realized that if 1960's, pre-CGI, pre-realistic greenscreen footage of the landing doesn't seem authentic to them, then with all of our advances in CGI that blur t... | [
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11zdoy | What do you think the major ethical roles will be in future technologies? | askscience | {
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"text": [
"I'm assuming that one of the topics that would be at least somewhat controversial would be stem cell research. However, this only remains controversial today because many don't understand that stem cell development has moved on quite a bit in the last few years. The rea... | {
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} | What do you think the major ethical roles will be in future technologies?
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4g3j2v | Are there any interesting things about Quincunx patterns? (pictures inside) | _URL_0_
If a Quincunx pattern extends infinitely outward, could you draw infinite lines from a single point?
Is there a special ratio of the angle between each of the lines?
The pattern is used in farming. Is there any other practical application? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"This is an example of a Lattice (_URL_7_). If we assume the points are ordinary points (no area), and the lines are ordinary lines, then each line you've placed passes through a straight line of points in the lattice, you've just shifted the line over a bit but you're a... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://imgur.com/a/V7pgm"
]
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monstrous_moonshine",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenstein_integer",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_integer",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_curve#Elliptic_curves_over_the_complex_numbers",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometry_of_... | Are there any interesting things about Quincunx patterns? (pictures inside)
_URL_0_ If a Quincunx pattern extends infinitely outward, could you draw infinite lines from a single point? Is there a special ratio of the angle between each of the lines? The pattern is used in farming. Is there any other practical applicati... | [
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1j3ul4 | N2 lack of moisture moisture/Humidity | When I work with optics we purge the airtight spaces with nitrogen to drive out air and moisture. In the theory and maintenance manuals it is stated that N2 is moisture free. But according to the CRC handbook N2 is water soluble. When N2 gas is containerized is it processed to drive more moisture out or is the solub... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"I believe the nitrogen is passed though a cold trap and other dessicants to remove the moisture. Obviously nitrogen can hold quite a bit of moisture just like the ambient atmosphere, which is where the nitrogen ultimately comes from.",
"N2 gas being w... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | N2 lack of moisture moisture/Humidity
When I work with optics we purge the airtight spaces with nitrogen to drive out air and moisture. In the theory and maintenance manuals it is stated that N2 is moisture free. But according to the CRC handbook N2 is water soluble. When N2 gas is containerized is it processed to driv... | [
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vo6w0 | Crystal Identification | There's a puzzle floating around my computational nanoscience
lab.
Our resident mathematician put together [this crystal](_URL_2_) and challenged us to identify it. We think the space group is P3Pm, but that's a vague guess. It has cubic and some kind of helical/chiral symmetry, we think 3-fold, so we checked the... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c566mji"
],
"text": [
"Alternate Hypothesis: Your resident mathematician is screwing with you."
],
"score": [
4
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://cst-www.nrl.navy.mil/lattice/struk/Ga4Ni.html",
"http://www.math.sunysb.edu/~tony/whatsnew/feb10/images/quasi-tiling.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/5KwKO.jpg"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Crystal Identification
There's a puzzle floating around my computational nanoscience lab. Our resident mathematician put together [this crystal](_URL_2_) and challenged us to identify it. We think the space group is P3Pm, but that's a vague guess. It has cubic and some kind of helical/chiral symmetry, we think 3-fold, ... | [
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mad1b | 2 simple moon questions | First, why does our moon appear different colors when near the horizon? i believe it is because the different green house gases/the sun's light being reflected off those gases i think (sorta the same way the sky changes color with the sun set). Second, why is it that the moon seems like it is bigger when it is first co... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2zce5e"
],
"text": [
"The reason for the red/orange color of the moon near the horizon is due to the fact that light reflected from the moon needs to travel a greater distance through the atmosphere and the blue, green, purple colors are more easily scattered. Therefore, more of the red and... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | 2 simple moon questions
First, why does our moon appear different colors when near the horizon? i believe it is because the different green house gases/the sun's light being reflected off those gases i think (sorta the same way the sky changes color with the sun set). Second, why is it that the moon seems like it is bi... | [
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1y58pv | How does an electrical burn cause star-shaped cataracts? | An electrician in California had a serious accident where 14,000 volts passed through his body. 4 weeks after the accident, his cataracts were star shaped. You can read the livescience article [here](_URL_0_). The doctor who treated this man is quoted saying "The reason cataracts sometimes take on a star shape is not f... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cfir7v8"
],
"text": [
"This type of cataract is specifically called a stellate cataract. Stellate cataracts usually occur when there has been trauma- like electrocution or blunt force trauma to the face.\n\nYou may find [this brief description](_URL_0_) from another case study to be useful. S... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.livescience.com/42778-electrical-burn-star-cataract.html"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1204510",
"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1213581"
]
} | How does an electrical burn cause star-shaped cataracts?
An electrician in California had a serious accident where 14,000 volts passed through his body. 4 weeks after the accident, his cataracts were star shaped. You can read the livescience article [here](_URL_0_). The doctor who treated this man is quoted saying "The... | [
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klla1 | What is the status of and the general consensus on the Energy Catalyzer? | For anyone who doesn't know, [here](_URL_0_) is its Wikipedia page. It seems that one scientist has come up with a possible mechanism, that the Nickel could form a Bose-Einstein condensate and this would provide a mechanism for a copper-nickel conversion with low-energy gamma rays, provided the reaction takes place at... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2l8if4"
],
"text": [
"They have neither been able to properly demonstrate their claims, nor provide a physical mechanism for how it happens. Sounds a lot like BS to me. If they won't patent their device and allow people to look inside of it, then it sounds like a scam to rob investors of the... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_Catalyzer"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | What is the status of and the general consensus on the Energy Catalyzer?
For anyone who doesn't know, [here](_URL_0_) is its Wikipedia page. It seems that one scientist has come up with a possible mechanism, that the Nickel could form a Bose-Einstein condensate and this would provide a mechanism for a copper-nickel con... | [
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jz5nx | How does interferon work exactly? | Does it just stimulate the immune system to work harder? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2g9x8n",
"c2gaudc"
],
"text": [
"Which one? There are about 15-20 of them, and they have different functions based on when, where, and how they are expressed. \n\nYour question is very broad; it would take a long time to fully & properly answer it, and even then you may not get what yo... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferons"
]
} | How does interferon work exactly?
Does it just stimulate the immune system to work harder? | [
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xvx0a | Could somebody with knowledge of metal casting help me with a question about wooden casts and how to get a smooth surface. | I asked some time ago a question in math for my [small upcoming project](_URL_0_) and now I've got the [Type metal](_URL_1_) in hand, a propane burner and a steel pot to smelt it in.
The question is: Can I create a cast out of wood, 2x4 planks, and will it hold without bursting to flames long enough for the Type metal... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5q3tmy"
],
"text": [
"It is difficult to get a good surface finish without using an investment casting process. I think a wooden mold will hold up to 300C fine, but your surface finish will be bad with a wooden mold. Source: _URL_0_."
],
"score": [
2
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/math/comments/u65y1/could_somebody_be_kind_enough_to_help_me_with_a/",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_metal"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/fuels-ignition-temperatures-d_171.html"
]
} | Could somebody with knowledge of metal casting help me with a question about wooden casts and how to get a smooth surface.
I asked some time ago a question in math for my [small upcoming project](_URL_0_) and now I've got the [Type metal](_URL_1_) in hand, a propane burner and a steel pot to smelt it in. The question i... | [
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a3cczx | What is an anaerobic environment? | [deleted] | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"eb7hthm"
],
"text": [
"An anaerobic environment is one in which there is little to no breathable oxygen. The Earth is mostly made of aerobic environments and features few anaerobic areas. Perhaps unsurprisingly, most of the life on Earth inhabits aerobic environments while avoiding anaerobic ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://sciencing.com/anaerobic-environment-10003906.html"
]
} | What is an anaerobic environment?
[deleted] | [
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sx53l | Is my physiology professor wrong? | Hi folks,
I am wondering if someone could enlighten me here. I'm in a physiology class and we're covering cardiac output. I'm not sure if this is the right subreddit, but if there is a more suitable one, please point me to it.
Anyways, my physiology professor asked us a question in class and said it was a trick q... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c4hpyw3",
"c4hpnwc"
],
"text": [
"Without a doubt, the cardiac output of both ventricles are the same. If they weren't, blood would back up on one side of the system. Total is flow equal *everywhere*.",
"[Wikipedia](_URL_0_) says cardiac output is the combined total of the left and ri... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_output"
]
} | Is my physiology professor wrong?
Hi folks, I am wondering if someone could enlighten me here. I'm in a physiology class and we're covering cardiac output. I'm not sure if this is the right subreddit, but if there is a more suitable one, please point me to it. Anyways, my physiology professor asked us a question in cla... | [
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2nvr97 | Does thinking use up any resources? | Seriously. No energy is being expelled, is it? Is heat created by your brain by merely thinking? Or is it a closed loop of energy used to create thoughts? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cmhnmbj",
"cmi413h",
"cmho0eb"
],
"text": [
"Having and using a large brain is a major cost for the human physiology. [This article](_URL_0_) summarizes a few sources that seem to agree about 1/5 of the bodies energy is consumed in the brain on average. Of course, if you start climbin... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/JacquelineLing.shtml"
]
} | Does thinking use up any resources?
Seriously. No energy is being expelled, is it? Is heat created by your brain by merely thinking? Or is it a closed loop of energy used to create thoughts? | [
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xqlgq | A Question on the Future of Ecology and Conservation
Biology | As we study Ecology, we realize the connections between species that make ecosystems what they are, and therefore we learn how exactly these ecosystems which we depend on are sustaining us. It makes sense to preserve species which have been shown to be useful for our survival, such as honey bees and their colonies. But... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5ot7no"
],
"text": [
"Well I don't know too much about it, but I have recently learned that there are two views of this concept, the first (and more traditional viewpoint) being is that there is only one state that an ecosystem can maintain healthy function in, and the other being that there... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | A Question on the Future of Ecology and Conservation Biology
As we study Ecology, we realize the connections between species that make ecosystems what they are, and therefore we learn how exactly these ecosystems which we depend on are sustaining us. It makes sense to preserve species which have been shown to be useful... | [
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rmb84 | A physics question; a hard one. All about lasers, absorption spectra and conservation of energy. | In my quantum physics lectures we have been told that for an atom to absorb a photon it does not require exactly the same energy as the energy gap. It can be slightly more, or slightly less; what does happen though is that the further away you are from the correct energy the less likely it is to happen.
In the unlikel... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c46ytqg",
"c46yvcw",
"c46yst5"
],
"text": [
"I think this is related to [doppler cooling](_URL_0_).\nThe extra energy from the emitted photon comes from reducing the speed of the atom that emitted it.\nThe [brief explanation](_URL_0_#Brief_Explanation) section seems similar to what yo... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_cooling",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_cooling#Brief_Explanation"
]
} | A physics question; a hard one. All about lasers, absorption spectra and conservation of energy.
In my quantum physics lectures we have been told that for an atom to absorb a photon it does not require exactly the same energy as the energy gap. It can be slightly more, or slightly less; what does happen though is that ... | [
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11yg79 | How effective is Helminthic therapy? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c6qqs7z"
],
"text": [
"There're not a lot of good data on the topic yet. [This paper reports](_URL_0_):\n\n > Random controlled trials conducted to date and published have been small scale, and focused on safety as opposed to efficacy.\n\n > Of the trials conducted, Necator americanus has be... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21729383"
]
} | How effective is Helminthic therapy?
| [
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0.21877303719520... |
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