q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 10 300 | selftext stringlengths 0 10.9k | document stringclasses 1
value | subreddit stringclasses 1
value | answers dict | title_urls dict | selftext_urls dict | answers_urls dict | title_body stringlengths 17 10.9k | embeddings list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
50iojj | What's going on structurally/microscopically when we bend some material? | Like a piece of metal or somethin'? | askscience | {
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"well the first thing is elastic deformation. One you you start trying to force something to be in a different shape you are either putting it in tension or compression, or a mix of both. So tension you're pulling atoms further apart, compression pushing atoms closer t... | {
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} | What's going on structurally/microscopically when we bend some material?
Like a piece of metal or somethin'? | [
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9w66me | How would you describe the Electroweak interaction to a middle school student? What does it do and how is electroweak symmetry broken? | askscience | {
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"text": [
"It's very hard to explain the electroweak interaction and symmetry breaking without introducing many other concepts that a middle school student probably wouldn't be familiar with.\n\nBut to explain it in a few words, without any of the details, at high energies, the el... | {
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} | How would you describe the Electroweak interaction to a middle school student? What does it do and how is electroweak symmetry broken?
| [
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9yi7v3 | How are these kinds of layered stones formed? (Image inside) | Some nine years ago, when I was still in school, I had found a strange looking stone with layered patterns. Recently looking at my old stuff, I found it again. Which makes me wonder how these kinds of layers are formed:
[Photo](_URL_3_)
Edit:
[Different angles](_URL_1_)
[With tape for scale](_URL_0_)
The sample is... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ea29pn1",
"ea2ncuo"
],
"text": [
"Retake the photo with a scale and a different angle or two. Where did you find it?",
"It's difficult to say without more information (scale, where you found it, multiple angles, etc.). We can make some educated guesses though. The first thing that com... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.imgur.com/a/n5NLDJw",
"https://www.imgur.com/a/cAX5ecE",
"https://www.imgur.com/a/F0T38dA",
"https://i.imgur.com/kaLsKIF.jpg"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | How are these kinds of layered stones formed? (Image inside)
Some nine years ago, when I was still in school, I had found a strange looking stone with layered patterns. Recently looking at my old stuff, I found it again. Which makes me wonder how these kinds of layers are formed: [Photo](_URL_3_) Edit: [Different angle... | [
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mz1l5 | Does extreme physical exertion cause strain on the nervous system as well as the musculoskeletal system? | Can the neurons become depleted of ions to produce action potentials? Does the brain or CNS become fatigued during or after exertion? Are extreme levels of motor neuron activity in some way harmful to these cells? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"Central Fatigue is what you're talking about, as opposed to peripheral fatigue, which occurs at the neuromuscular junction or the muscle .\n\nDifferent tasks fatigue the body in different ways. Some fatigue just the muscle, and some fatigue the nervous s... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Does extreme physical exertion cause strain on the nervous system as well as the musculoskeletal system?
Can the neurons become depleted of ions to produce action potentials? Does the brain or CNS become fatigued during or after exertion? Are extreme levels of motor neuron activity in some way harmful to these cells? | [
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2dpwvr | How am I able to comprehend a term completely in my mind, but when asked to define it I struggle to do so? | askscience | {
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],
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"Language is comprehended via repeated experience i.e. you learn --most, probably all-- words from hearing them in context. You can comprehend a term completely in your mind, in the same way you can use correct grammar in your native languag... | {
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"url": []
} | How am I able to comprehend a term completely in my mind, but when asked to define it I struggle to do so?
| [
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2o7jdh | Looking for a material with unusual properties. Can anyone help? | So I am looking for a material (preferably a plastic or a coating that can go on plastic) that will fluoresce when illuminated by a wavelength of light not produced by fluorescent light bulbs, stay luminous for a brief amount of time after the light stops shining on it, and then go back to normal. Is anyone aware of so... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"You might want something like this: _URL_0_\n\nThey light up under only specific wavelengths"
],
"score": [
15
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.thorlabs.com/newgrouppage9.cfm?objectgroup_ID=296"
]
} | Looking for a material with unusual properties. Can anyone help?
So I am looking for a material (preferably a plastic or a coating that can go on plastic) that will fluoresce when illuminated by a wavelength of light not produced by fluorescent light bulbs, stay luminous for a brief amount of time after the light stops... | [
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138e50 | Is this company, StemCell100, a scam? Is there any evidence that this product does what it says it does? What exactly makes it a scam or not? | _URL_0_
It would be cool if this was legitimate, but I have serious doubts. Considering it's not that popular at all. At least from what I have seen. | askscience | {
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"After looking at their 'longevity research' page, I'm throwing my vote in for scam. They do a little *Drosophila* study (of which I am also highly dubious, but okay) but nowhere on that page do they **show** that their product has any effec... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.stemcell100.com/"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Is this company, StemCell100, a scam? Is there any evidence that this product does what it says it does? What exactly makes it a scam or not?
_URL_0_ It would be cool if this was legitimate, but I have serious doubts. Considering it's not that popular at all. At least from what I have seen. | [
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uxkgp | Do castrated people lose their libido? | Since libido seems to be a testosterone/estrogen-based drive, does the dip in production eliminate a eunuch's sex drive? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"Yes. Your testicles are a driving force in testosterone production, which is key to having any sort of sex drive for males. Steroid users often use faux testosterone to get bigger, causing their body to stop making its own. So when they get off a cycle the have to block... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
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} | Do castrated people lose their libido?
Since libido seems to be a testosterone/estrogen-based drive, does the dip in production eliminate a eunuch's sex drive? | [
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1yfmi4 | Traveling in a closed box through space, how to know if it is moving or stationery? | Hello redditors, my first question here.
Imagine this scenario. You are in an air tight box with no windows or any method of seeing, contacting anyone outside. The box might be moving at a constant speed (no acceleration ) through outer space (no gravity, air resistance), or it might be stationary. What can you do to ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cfk3f44",
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],
"text": [
"Assuming you cannot contact the outside world at all, you cannot.\n\nInterestingly, even if you include a uniform gravitational field, you still wouldn't be able to make any determinations about your motion.\n\n(A non-uniform gravitational field would mea... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Traveling in a closed box through space, how to know if it is moving or stationery?
Hello redditors, my first question here. Imagine this scenario. You are in an air tight box with no windows or any method of seeing, contacting anyone outside. The box might be moving at a constant speed (no acceleration ) through outer... | [
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18jjdg | What is the hard matter beneath spots? | Just a passing thought that I couldn't find a reasonable answer to on google:
What exactly causes the tissue to go solid beneath the head of a spot/zit that has swollen?
Is this something that used to increase our chances of survival? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c8fc1c9"
],
"text": [
"Fluid and cells build up in the area in response to bacteria. It is a natural part of the immune response. Immune cells that are in the skin sense a foreign body and send out chemicals called cytokine and chemokines that cause the blood vessels in the area to become lea... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What is the hard matter beneath spots?
Just a passing thought that I couldn't find a reasonable answer to on google: What exactly causes the tissue to go solid beneath the head of a spot/zit that has swollen? Is this something that used to increase our chances of survival? | [
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t9ipv | Could someone skydive onto a quarter/half pipe? | Simplified title a little but says it all.
If someone jumped out a plane and reached terminal velocity, provided there's little to no wind and/or the person was a good enough skydiver to control their decent to line up the landing correctly, would it be possible for them to land safely, and if so how big would the cu... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c4krisz"
],
"text": [
"Terminal velocity for most skydivers is something like 150 mph? In real units, that's 67 m/s.\n\nA \"comfortable\" landing would involve no accelerations greater than maybe 3x gravity, and \"safe\" would have a peak of maybe 10x gravity. I'll stick with 3x here.\n\nAcce... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Could someone skydive onto a quarter/half pipe?
Simplified title a little but says it all. If someone jumped out a plane and reached terminal velocity, provided there's little to no wind and/or the person was a good enough skydiver to control their decent to line up the landing correctly, would it be possible for them ... | [
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iit5n | I want to build an aquarium with a deep sea exhibit. | What kind of pressures would the tank require to simulate the ocean floor and what would be the requirements for a window to view it? Would such an exhibit have any physical possibilities? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c243ls2"
],
"text": [
"Contact the Mystic Aquarium in CT. I cannot use my Google-fu well right now, but I assure you they have (perhaps had...) bioluminescent creatures in a special, pressurized tank. It was outside their main hall, in an exhibit you look down into. Just inside from the deep-... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | I want to build an aquarium with a deep sea exhibit.
What kind of pressures would the tank require to simulate the ocean floor and what would be the requirements for a window to view it? Would such an exhibit have any physical possibilities? | [
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67m8ue | How did Tyco Brahe account for movement of Earth in his measurements? | If Earth did not rotate, it would be comparitively simple to face the same direction every time for each measurement, and mark the position of an orbiting object.
But Earth rotates as well as orbits. How did Tyco account for all of this?
Also, how could he tell objects were moving in an elliptical orbit? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dgrjqwo"
],
"text": [
"Simple - Tycho Brahe's model was not accurate. :)\n\nTo be more precise - in Tycho's model, the sun and moon orbited the (rotating and tilting) earth, but the rest of the planets orbited the sun. \n\nThe strength of his model was that he assumed the stars were fixed in ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How did Tyco Brahe account for movement of Earth in his measurements?
If Earth did not rotate, it would be comparitively simple to face the same direction every time for each measurement, and mark the position of an orbiting object. But Earth rotates as well as orbits. How did Tyco account for all of this? Also, how co... | [
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9ca0kk | Why do groups alpacas defecate in a communal dung pile? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"e5bb900"
],
"text": [
"Having a communal dung pile helps prevent the spread of parasites. Worms can be shed in the feces, so animals like sheep that don't have communal dung piles can more easily pick up worms as they eat much closer to where they defecate. Why alpacas have a communal dung pi... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
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"url": []
} | Why do groups alpacas defecate in a communal dung pile?
| [
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3klkpg | What is the difference between the U.S' BRAIN Initiative and the E.U's Brain Mapping Project? | I've heard there was some criticism that the Brain Mapping Project was too narrow. I was under the impression that both are trying to map every synaptic connection, is there more to either of the projects? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cv0c4em"
],
"text": [
"The BRAIN Initiative is much more far-reaching and will fund many different fields in neuroscience and not just brain mapping -- e.g., everything from understanding how single neurons work to cognitive neuroscience in human subjects (where we can only observe activity o... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
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"url": []
} | What is the difference between the U.S' BRAIN Initiative and the E.U's Brain Mapping Project?
I've heard there was some criticism that the Brain Mapping Project was too narrow. I was under the impression that both are trying to map every synaptic connection, is there more to either of the projects? | [
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5d8fjl | What is the etymology of Stoichiometry? | Stoichiometry is a term used in Chemistry and it pertains to the calculation of the quantities of chemical elements or compounds involved in chemical reactions. It is usually a 5-step process which uses ratios (generally, whole numbers) to determine mols or mass of a compound or element in a certain reaction. What is i... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"da2sv7l"
],
"text": [
"The first part, *stoichio*, comes from the Greek word *stoikheion*, which means \"the elements\" when used in plural form (in singular it means one of a row). *-metry*, of course, means process of measuring, which has roots in Middle English and Middle French (*-metrie*... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What is the etymology of Stoichiometry?
Stoichiometry is a term used in Chemistry and it pertains to the calculation of the quantities of chemical elements or compounds involved in chemical reactions. It is usually a 5-step process which uses ratios (generally, whole numbers) to determine mols or mass of a compound or ... | [
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adb50h | Hipparchus is credited with discovering the precession of the equinoxes; but how can you measure such a slow process, especially in ancient Greece? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"edgploa"
],
"text": [
"Careful observation, and checking against earlier sources:\n\n > The discovery of precession usually is attributed to Hipparchus (190–120 BC) of Rhodes or Nicaea, a Greek astronomer. According to Ptolemy's Almagest, Hipparchus measured the longitude of Spica and other b... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioptra",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipparchus#Precession_of_the_equinoxes_(146%E2%80%93127_BC)"
]
} | Hipparchus is credited with discovering the precession of the equinoxes; but how can you measure such a slow process, especially in ancient Greece?
| [
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iijyu | My friend is buying a house next to a Superfund site and wants to plant a vegetable garden. Should she? | [This](_URL_0_) is the site in question, and [this](_URL_1_) is the most current site assessment. Her future house is less than a mile north of the site, with a stream running downhill from the landfill on her property. Her house is on the bottom edge of a valley. I think it's a bad idea, but I'm not entirely famili... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c241ova",
"c241l4l",
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],
"text": [
"I can't answer your question but one solution might be to build some big planter boxes, buy some topsoil from a store, and avoid the issue altogether.",
"I would be slightly uneasy about that, but it's probably fine. I think the biggest... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://yosemite.epa.gov/r1/npl_pad.nsf/701b6886f189ceae85256bd20014e93d/e56156f774170480852568ff005adb10!OpenDocument",
"http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/fiveyear/f2008010002556.pdf"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | My friend is buying a house next to a Superfund site and wants to plant a vegetable garden. Should she?
[This](_URL_0_) is the site in question, and [this](_URL_1_) is the most current site assessment. Her future house is less than a mile north of the site, with a stream running downhill from the landfill on her proper... | [
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1sxcqu | When is tracheotomy preferable to intubation in a clinical setting? | I've been watching a lot of *House* lately, which seems to me like one of the better researched and informed medical dramas.
It seems like when a patient is in respiratory distress, half the time they perform a tracheotomy, and half the time they intubate, and they never explain why they did it one way or the other.
... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"First off, House is actually quite terrible in terms of accurate medical science, so I wouldn't assume that anything they do is correct. In this case, House probably features a lot of emergent cricothyrotomies because it looks more dramatic. Typically you would try ei... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://i.imgur.com/bhl0SsD.png"
]
} | When is tracheotomy preferable to intubation in a clinical setting?
I've been watching a lot of *House* lately, which seems to me like one of the better researched and informed medical dramas. It seems like when a patient is in respiratory distress, half the time they perform a tracheotomy, and half the time they intub... | [
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1016oy | So I've been pretty inactive for a few weeks, then I had to go hiking for ten days. The first hour was brutal on my cardiovascular system and muscles, but after that first hour I felt fine. What happened, exactly? | I'm an archaeologist and my job requires long hours of hiking up and down tough terrain. I've been in the office for months, living a sedate life, and recently I got the chance to do some fieldwork.
As stated in the title, the first hour or two was really hard. It felt as if my heart would explode, my lips and face ... | askscience | {
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],
"text": [
"Central fatigue is when your brain limits motor output to less than what would be predicted by classical models of fatigue (such as the AV Hill model). Some have suggested that this phenomenon could be adaptive, as it could conceivably prevent injury or other catastrop... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | So I've been pretty inactive for a few weeks, then I had to go hiking for ten days. The first hour was brutal on my cardiovascular system and muscles, but after that first hour I felt fine. What happened, exactly?
I'm an archaeologist and my job requires long hours of hiking up and down tough terrain. I've been in the ... | [
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aty5x7 | Can refractuve index of a medium be negative? | Is there a material which has a negative refractive index is yes then how will it effect the redaction of light? | askscience | {
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"Yes, for example a student of mine built a metamaterial out of paper and copper for a class which had a negative index of refraction for microwaves. By sending microwaves through the material he found that the refraction angle was inverted which can be se... | {
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} | {
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"url": [
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Is there a material which has a negative refractive index is yes then how will it effect the redaction of light? | [
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nwu30 | About 20 years ago I stole a mortar & pestle from the science lab at school. If I use it in the kitchen now, will I die? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"What do you think your school would have used which have lasted 20 years and still been deadly in minute doses?",
"I don't think there were too many things that your highschool may have been mortar/pestle-ing that would be potentially fatal, unless yo... | {
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"url": []
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} | About 20 years ago I stole a mortar & pestle from the science lab at school. If I use it in the kitchen now, will I die?
| [
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mb2mv | How much power do I have over myself? | Essentially, my question is: "How much influence do our thoughts have over the chemical reactions going on in our brains?" For instance, if a person was diagnosed as clinically depressed, to what extent could they balance out the chemicals responsible for their happiness, through altering their thought processes? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"Since things like psychotherapy and mindfulness meditation are scientifically proven to improve the lives of depressives, even without medication, I'd say quite a bit.\n\nThis is a moral and philosophical beehive, however. How about those who are never ab... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10467897",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2483304/"
]
} | How much power do I have over myself?
Essentially, my question is: "How much influence do our thoughts have over the chemical reactions going on in our brains?" For instance, if a person was diagnosed as clinically depressed, to what extent could they balance out the chemicals responsible for their happiness, through a... | [
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34tnq1 | Why do we "bring down the power and take one from the power"? | For calculating the derivative function for simple polynomials its always been that rule. Can someone please explain how that works to get dy/dx? thanks | askscience | {
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"One way you can see this is by looking at the Product (or Leibniz) Rule. This says that if I have two functions , f and g, then the derivative of f(x)g(x) is f'(x)g(x)+f(x)g'(x). In general, if I have N-Functions, then to find the derivative of the product of all of the... | {
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"url": []
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_theorem",
"https://postformalism.wordpress.com/2015/03/24/why-are-there-factorials-in-the-taylor-series/"
]
} | Why do we "bring down the power and take one from the power"?
For calculating the derivative function for simple polynomials its always been that rule. Can someone please explain how that works to get dy/dx? thanks | [
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24u0j6 | Is there a "Reynold's number" for electricity? | Is electrical transmission in wires somewhat analogous to fluid flow through pipes? | askscience | {
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"text": [
"Electrical transmission in pipes is somewhat analogous in the sense that if you look at the equations that describe pipe flow with no viscosity or boundary layer effects, those equations are exactly the same as the equations for electrical transmission in... | {
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} | Is there a "Reynold's number" for electricity?
Is electrical transmission in wires somewhat analogous to fluid flow through pipes? | [
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1kx1zl | How do adaptive optics work? | As its related to astrophotography/astrophysics/astronomy In particular, how does the lens bend to counteract the perceived turbulence in the atmosphere. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"Well, we don't use lenses for AO, we use deformable mirrors. Using a deformable lens would be impossible; the number of sections you need to move independently in order to correct for atmospheric distortion is simply too much, and an optically relevant l... | {
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"url": []
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"url": [
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} | How do adaptive optics work?
As its related to astrophotography/astrophysics/astronomy In particular, how does the lens bend to counteract the perceived turbulence in the atmosphere. | [
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lu8sf | Questions about an experiment described in the The Greatest Show on Earth by Richard Dawkins | Chapter 5, Forty-Five Thousand Generations of Evolution in the Lab (p 127 in my copy) -
Some biologists put the same strain of bacteria in 12 jars with some glucose. Every day a sample of the surviving bacteria from each of the 12 jars is put into a new beaker with new glucose. 12 pure lines of bacterial (no mixing b... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"So, Richard Lenski's experiments are seriously cool. Every experimental evolutionary biologist has to be kicking themselves for not having the foresight to start a long term experiment like this 30 years ago when he did.\n\nAnyways, I'm not familiar enoug... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Questions about an experiment described in the The Greatest Show on Earth by Richard Dawkins
Chapter 5, Forty-Five Thousand Generations of Evolution in the Lab (p 127 in my copy) - Some biologists put the same strain of bacteria in 12 jars with some glucose. Every day a sample of the surviving bacteria from each of the... | [
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3ixuk9 | Where can I get some long, raw recordings of pulsars and FRBs? | I'm doing a project on powerful broadband phenomena such as pulsars and FRBs (fast radio bursts). I have a sound analysis software to study the oscillations and frequencies. I just need to know where to get the data itself. Where can I find extensive recordings of these two astronomical phenomena? | askscience | {
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"You'll likely have some difficulty with this. The Parkes Radio Telescope releases all data (see [here](_URL_2_)), GBT will have data via the [NRAO archive](_URL_1_), and I found a few random pulsar data sets from Arecibo [here](_URL_0_) (I don't recall if Arecibo data a... | {
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} | {
"url": []
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"http://arecibo.tc.cornell.edu/legacypulsardata/default.aspx",
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"http://www.atnf.csiro.au/people/pulsar/index.html?n=Main.ANDSATNF"
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} | Where can I get some long, raw recordings of pulsars and FRBs?
I'm doing a project on powerful broadband phenomena such as pulsars and FRBs (fast radio bursts). I have a sound analysis software to study the oscillations and frequencies. I just need to know where to get the data itself. Where can I find extensive record... | [
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slnht | Why are syphilis chancres painless? | askscience | {
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"I am not an ID specialist, but given that the bacterium that causes syphilis can go on to cause neuropathy in both the central and peripheral nervous system, local neuronal damage may be the reason. Damage to sensory receptors around the area could explai... | {
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mdrrt | What are some sources where i can teach myself physics? | Im 16 and i fucking love physics. I was almost too happy when i saw there was a physics class at my high school.
i was excited at first, but so far all we have learned is velocity, acceleration, and the forces(Fn Fg etc.) i have to say im somewhat dissapointed. I understand these are important to physics, but i want ... | askscience | {
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"One caveat - you will never get away from the maths :) Trig is a good start, but you if you want to get into physics you will eventually get deep into calculus and linear algebra and statistics. It will go better for you if you find things ... | {
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"url": [
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"http://www.khanacademy.org/#browse",
"http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/index.pl"
]
} | What are some sources where i can teach myself physics?
Im 16 and i fucking love physics. I was almost too happy when i saw there was a physics class at my high school. i was excited at first, but so far all we have learned is velocity, acceleration, and the forces(Fn Fg etc.) i have to say im somewhat dissapointed. I ... | [
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4s0nra | Does anxiety increase blood pH level? | The context of this question is related to exercise endurance, running more specifically.
I don't have a scientific background, but after reading different articles, I went to the following conclusion:
When a person runs at anaerobic level of effort, the blood pH decreases. However, if this person becomes anxious,... | askscience | {
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"text": [
"Anxiety in and of itself does not affect pH. However, hyperventilation that may be part of anxiety can cause respiratory alkalosis leading to an increase in blood pH. Acid base status is regulated mainly in the lungs and kidneys. The lungs are able to cause rapid change... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen%E2%80%93hemoglobin_dissociation_curve"
]
} | Does anxiety increase blood pH level?
The context of this question is related to exercise endurance, running more specifically. I don't have a scientific background, but after reading different articles, I went to the following conclusion: When a person runs at anaerobic level of effort, the blood pH decreases. However... | [
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8k2vy1 | What is the difference between numerical relay and static relay? | askscience | {
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"An electromechanical relay uses the incoming flow to create an electromagnetic force, and then \"compares\" it against a reference force (a spring) to determine whether the circuit should be open or closed.\n\nA static relay uses transistors to change the incoming flow ... | {
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} | What is the difference between numerical relay and static relay?
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3uokul | Hey, what kind of plant is this? | [removed] | askscience | {
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"text": [
"This looks like the fruit from an indian Lotus, [Nelumbo nucifera](_URL_0_).\n\n[edit] [Pictures](_URL_1_)"
],
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"url": []
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"url": []
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"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera",
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} | Hey, what kind of plant is this?
[removed] | [
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1mw5m2 | Can we listen to the CMB? | As I understand it, the CMB used to be higher energy radiation and has decayed over time. Is it possible to turn that data back into radio waves and then listen to it? | askscience | {
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"You don't have to turn it back into radio waves. The CMB is currently peaked at a wavelength of around 2 mm, with the highest intensities between about 1 mm and 1 cm in wavelength. These are radio waves.\n\nIn fact, in an analog TV set, if you tune to a... | {
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As I understand it, the CMB used to be higher energy radiation and has decayed over time. Is it possible to turn that data back into radio waves and then listen to it? | [
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ydly1 | a question on sound | A simple question. If there are two machines producing sound at 50 decibels each, does it produce 100 decibels?
Was talking about it at work today about or lawn cutting equipment.
Thanks! | askscience | {
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} | a question on sound
A simple question. If there are two machines producing sound at 50 decibels each, does it produce 100 decibels? Was talking about it at work today about or lawn cutting equipment. Thanks! | [
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lu24q | Are brainwaves and brainwave entrainment psuedoscience/placebo effect? | Science is in no way an area that I excel in, so I can't very well explain the specifics of it. All I know is that we produce different brainwaves at different states of being. I'm curious if it's actually proven that you can artificially induce brainwaves via headphones. I've tried researching on my own via google, an... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"BTW, the placebo effect isn't pseudoscience. You can measure a statistically significant difference in populations who were and were not subjected to a placebo. In fact, levels of depression appear to co-vary with the belief that an antidepressant will wo... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placebo",
"http://www.stanford.edu/group/brainwaves/2006/research.html"
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} | Are brainwaves and brainwave entrainment psuedoscience/placebo effect?
Science is in no way an area that I excel in, so I can't very well explain the specifics of it. All I know is that we produce different brainwaves at different states of being. I'm curious if it's actually proven that you can artificially induce bra... | [
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trdk0 | What is happening in this Eric Laithwaite gyroscope video? | I saw this in /r/videos today: _URL_0_
Why does the contraption weigh less when the disc is spinning than when it is not? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c4p2hm3",
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],
"text": [
"[Precession](_URL_0_)\n\nThe weight of the contraption is identical to before it was spinning and still acts down perpendicularly to the ground. However, notice he holds in that position before spinning the disc. \n\nWhen the disc starts spinning faster, ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHlAJ7vySC8"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://science.howstuffworks.com/gyroscope2.htm",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/kf9dr/eric_laithwaite_lifting_heavy_gyroscope_with_one/"
]
} | What is happening in this Eric Laithwaite gyroscope video?
I saw this in /r/videos today: _URL_0_ Why does the contraption weigh less when the disc is spinning than when it is not? | [
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jyalo | Hey r/askscience. I read about Erwin Schrödingers "My view of the world". It seems to be heavy spiritual stuff. Since most here are rather materialists ( I guess ), what do you think about this book? ( more inside ) | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"There are a couple of issues that need to be considered to understand these quotations:\n\n1. These men lived a hundred years ago, and though they were brilliant, they still lacked an enormous amount of the additional mathematical theory work and experimental data that ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglement"
]
} | Hey r/askscience. I read about Erwin Schrödingers "My view of the world". It seems to be heavy spiritual stuff. Since most here are rather materialists ( I guess ), what do you think about this book? ( more inside )
| [
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1imtj7 | Van Der Walls Inter molecular forces question, Shouldn't they cancel out? | If Van Der Walls forces cause attraction by temporary dipoles from the electrons orbiting the nucleus and causing attraction randomly, wouldn't there be an equal chance of the molecules causing a repulsive temporary dipole? so the forces wouldn't attract each other at all, they'd just kind of vibrate a tiny bit closer... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cb601p9"
],
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"Van der Waals Forces can actually refer to a number of different intermolecular interactions, but what you're thinking of is the [London Dispersion Force](_URL_0_).\n\nOne way to think about it is that atomic nucleii are much, much heavier than electrons. When two atoms... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_dispersion_force"
]
} | Van Der Walls Inter molecular forces question, Shouldn't they cancel out?
If Van Der Walls forces cause attraction by temporary dipoles from the electrons orbiting the nucleus and causing attraction randomly, wouldn't there be an equal chance of the molecules causing a repulsive temporary dipole? so the forces wouldn't... | [
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30khy9 | I propagate yeast for homebrewing using a magnetic stir plate. What is the preferred method for best results, fast with large vortex or slower and little/no vortex? | I posted [this GIF](_URL_0_) on /r/homebrewing and /r/oddlysatisfying today and it started a lot of discussion about best practice for making yeast starters. I'm curious what the best method is.
As seen in the GIF, the dye stays in the vortex for a while and is finally dispersed, however I did drip the dye directly i... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cptfh2v"
],
"text": [
"Non-brewer yeast biologist here. \n\nAeration is important when you're growing yeast. Usually, if you're growing a yeast culture in the lab, you'll do it on a shaker rather than on a stir plate, and you'll use only about 20% of the volume of your flask (so 50ml of cultu... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://i.imgur.com/vrsiQP9.gifv"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | I propagate yeast for homebrewing using a magnetic stir plate. What is the preferred method for best results, fast with large vortex or slower and little/no vortex?
I posted [this GIF](_URL_0_) on /r/homebrewing and /r/oddlysatisfying today and it started a lot of discussion about best practice for making yeast starter... | [
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rivkx | Do those electronic muscle stimulating devices that cause the muscle to spasm or contract up and release like what Bruce Lee used actually have any beneficial effect? If so of what is it? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"[This study](_URL_2_) showed that [electrical muscle stimulators](_URL_1_) did strengthen muscles:\n > The electrical-stimulation and isometric-exercise groups had statistically significant increases in quadriceps femoris muscle torque when compared with the nonexercise... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://jap.physiology.org/content/99/6/2307.short",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_muscle_stimulation",
"http://www.physther.net/content/63/4/494.short",
"http://www.hawaii.edu/hivandaids/Effects%20of%20Electrical%20Muscle%20Stimulation%20on%20Body%20Composition,%20Muscle%20Stren... | Do those electronic muscle stimulating devices that cause the muscle to spasm or contract up and release like what Bruce Lee used actually have any beneficial effect? If so of what is it?
| [
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ca6lfz | Why our pankreas can't be "rebooted"? | So, I am a T1 diabetic and I'm really curious as to why can't our pankreas work again or be transplated once it stops working properly? I mean we have heart, kidney, liver transplatations etc..
If anyone can explain I would truly appreciate it, thanks! | askscience | {
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"I am not sure if I understood properly the question and I am far from being a specialist on the matter (only medstudent) but I ll try to give few answers. \n\nPancreas are transplanted. \n\nAs you probably already know, the auto-antibody target beta cells and kills them... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Why our pankreas can't be "rebooted"?
So, I am a T1 diabetic and I'm really curious as to why can't our pankreas work again or be transplated once it stops working properly? I mean we have heart, kidney, liver transplatations etc.. If anyone can explain I would truly appreciate it, thanks! | [
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48xsf4 | Is it possible to integrate by parts with more than 2 parts, and if not why not? | askscience | {
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],
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"Yeah, you have to iterate the process though. You could try deriving a formula for it using the product rule on 3 terms, like compute (fgh)', manipulate and integrate, but that formula will be messy to deal with.\n\nAlso it's math, so I mean you can do th... | {
"url": []
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} | Is it possible to integrate by parts with more than 2 parts, and if not why not?
| [
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13qrr9 | When I hold a weight motionless over my head, I'm not doing any work on it, but it sure feels like I'm using energy. | This is something I never really understood from my Physics classes. Imagine I hold a heavy weight completely motionless above my head. I'm not moving the weight, so there is no work being done, since work is the integral of F.dx over a path that consists of a single point. But my body is definitely using energy to hol... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Well that really depends on your sense of scale, but once you get small enough, you bet. The tension in your muscles is being maintained by isometric contraction. The thick and thin filaments in your muscles are repeatedly undergoing so-called \"crossbr... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | When I hold a weight motionless over my head, I'm not doing any work on it, but it sure feels like I'm using energy.
This is something I never really understood from my Physics classes. Imagine I hold a heavy weight completely motionless above my head. I'm not moving the weight, so there is no work being done, since wo... | [
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kp1h1 | Is it easier to relearn something you used to know but forgot? i.e. "it's like riding a bike" | I'm curious about this. Over the course of my life, I have learned many things, and forgotten a fair amount of them.
Let's use a simple example. I used to have memorized a table of around 25 phrases, numbered in order. I needed to use them quite often for my job at the time. Right now, I can't think of any of them of... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"From _URL_0_ - I think these are someone's course notes... hence the fragmented sentences\n\n > information can be relearned faster if it was learned previously. This is a very sensitive measure of memory. The person to discover this is the father of memo... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://andrewhoff.com/psych/cognition/memory/models-of-memory/"
]
} | Is it easier to relearn something you used to know but forgot? i.e. "it's like riding a bike"
I'm curious about this. Over the course of my life, I have learned many things, and forgotten a fair amount of them. Let's use a simple example. I used to have memorized a table of around 25 phrases, numbered in order. I neede... | [
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3fwbsi | Can you intend to forget? | I was talking to my friend about deep things and this question came up and we couldn't find an answer to this online. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cttbaq9"
],
"text": [
"It's not easy, if not impossible. When you intend to forget, oftentimes your mind CHECKS whether you have forgotten, making you remember the thing again.\n\nSome people ended up having OCD because of failing to do so. [Here's a glance of how they feel](_URL_0_)."
],
... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://theguardian.com/society/2013/aug/31/pure-ocd-the-naked-truth"
]
} | Can you intend to forget?
I was talking to my friend about deep things and this question came up and we couldn't find an answer to this online. | [
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bh87lv | Size comparison: Simbakubwa Kutokaafrika vs Andrewsarchus Mongoliensis? | Recent news articles declare Simbakubwa to be the largest carnivorous land mammal of all time, beating out the polar bear. I was under the impression that this title was held by Andrewsarchus, but I can't find any sources comparing the size of each. Given that we only have limited fossil remains of these 2 enormous pre... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"elt7go6"
],
"text": [
"As interesting a topic as this is, it's pretty hard to make any definitive statements about the size of these animals. As you mention, both species are known from quite limited material; to quote directly from [Borths and Stevens 2019](_URL_4_) on *Simbakubwa*, the typ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.tandfonline.com/na101/home/literatum/publisher/tandf/journals/content/ujvp20/0/ujvp20.ahead-of-print/02724634.2019.1570222/20190412/images/large/ujvp_a_1570222_f0002_ob.jpeg",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/science/comments/bfoj4c/scientists_found_the_22_millionyearold_fossils_of/elf80xh/?c... | Size comparison: Simbakubwa Kutokaafrika vs Andrewsarchus Mongoliensis?
Recent news articles declare Simbakubwa to be the largest carnivorous land mammal of all time, beating out the polar bear. I was under the impression that this title was held by Andrewsarchus, but I can't find any sources comparing the size of each... | [
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j7yuu | How does the Loop of Henle in a nephron concentrate the urine? | I almost submitted this to LI5, but I get osmotic pressure, so better asked here. I just can't seem to wrap my head around the countercurrent multiplier. Please help! | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c29w21f",
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],
"text": [
"Without writing a small essay, this [animation](_URL_0_) may help you understand it better.",
"I think the best way to intuitively understand how the multiplication works is to view it in terms of equilibriums. \n\nThe tendency in the descending limb ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.colorado.edu/intphys/Class/IPHY3430-200/countercurrent_ct.swf"
]
} | How does the Loop of Henle in a nephron concentrate the urine?
I almost submitted this to LI5, but I get osmotic pressure, so better asked here. I just can't seem to wrap my head around the countercurrent multiplier. Please help! | [
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4tzicr | How does the LIGO observatory compensate for all of the environmental factors i.e. storms, strong winds, human movement around the facility etc. ? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"d5lqivk"
],
"text": [
"Summing up [this page](_URL_0_), this is how they sort out the signals at LIGO:\n\n* Observations - if seismometers, barometers, [weather rocks](_URL_1_), or other instruments detect a terrestrial disturbance, corresponding events at LIGO can be ignored.\n\n* Comparison... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/WA/page/faq",
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather_rock"
]
} | How does the LIGO observatory compensate for all of the environmental factors i.e. storms, strong winds, human movement around the facility etc. ?
| [
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5vlp9w | What is the science behind the "Euler's Disk"? | If you don't know it, then it is pretty easy to look up. It's pretty damn mesmerizing and I've been wondering what the science is behind it | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"de35k5f"
],
"text": [
"[Here's a Stand Up Maths](_URL_1_) video about it. The fun thing about it is how fast it wobbles near the end, and he discusses how this rate is related to the rate of the spin and the angle that it is inclined. What you get is that\n\n* (Rate of Wobble)\\*((1/cos(t)) -... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHGKIzCcVa0",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8pSLffliCk0"
]
} | What is the science behind the "Euler's Disk"?
If you don't know it, then it is pretty easy to look up. It's pretty damn mesmerizing and I've been wondering what the science is behind it | [
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n40zc | Does "l'appel du vide" have an underlying psychological cause, and if so, what is it? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"L'appel du vide specifically refers to that feeling you get when you're at the top of a tall cliff and consider jumping off. It can be considered a form of self destructive ideation. It's actually fairly anxiety provoking for most people to be in that kind of a situat... | {
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} | Does "l'appel du vide" have an underlying psychological cause, and if so, what is it?
| [
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46lzba | What makes a black hole hungry? | This [Hubble](_URL_0_) article talks about the newly discovered supermassive black hole "feeding" and "resting." What turns on and off a black hole's appetite? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"d069i8s",
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],
"text": [
"Black holes don't have 'hunger'. What they do, is draw in any nearby matter. Sometimes the surrounding matter is absorbed in 'chunks' .. and those cycles are called 'feeding' and 'resting'. It's not real though.",
"Black holes are always \"hungry\", b... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1602/"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | What makes a black hole hungry?
This [Hubble](_URL_0_) article talks about the newly discovered supermassive black hole "feeding" and "resting." What turns on and off a black hole's appetite? | [
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oak9c | Is there a measurable correlation between body weight and brain stimulation? | The brain uses 25% of our total metabolic energy, yet it is only a couple % of our total body mass. Do some people lack mental stimulation so much that it could possibly be a cause of being overweight?
I think the most relevant question about this possibility is if television has any substantial effect on lowering br... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3fox2v"
],
"text": [
"Check out this article:\n\n_URL_0_\n\nSo I think there's a slight relationship, although I would doubt it to be causal. I don't think that a lower IQ results in people being overweight - there are too many other factors involved. And you were asking brain stimulation, w... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1531487/The-greater-your-weight-the-lower-your-IQ-say-scientists.html"
]
} | Is there a measurable correlation between body weight and brain stimulation?
The brain uses 25% of our total metabolic energy, yet it is only a couple % of our total body mass. Do some people lack mental stimulation so much that it could possibly be a cause of being overweight? I think the most relevant question about ... | [
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... | |
393mum | What are the indicators in a reef-rehabilitation study? | tl;dr: I want to know what I should note/count for a before-and-after survey of a section of ocean floor for a garbage-removal study, but I don't know what to look for.
I'm an avid diver and have more recently gotten interested in ocean and reef health. Where I live, I know of a section of coast that, traditionally, h... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cs0381a",
"cs03qpu"
],
"text": [
"Easiest way is to divide the area into same sized squarE's. Document density , species, and anything note worthy in all squares. Coverage or percent coverage can also be used if you have 5hings like barnacles that likes to make a mat. Every time you take ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What are the indicators in a reef-rehabilitation study?
tl;dr: I want to know what I should note/count for a before-and-after survey of a section of ocean floor for a garbage-removal study, but I don't know what to look for. I'm an avid diver and have more recently gotten interested in ocean and reef health. Where I li... | [
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21t4g1 | Why exactly does production eventually experience diminishing marginal returns to labour in the short run? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cgh4kae",
"cghmb6b"
],
"text": [
"Depends on what you mean by \"exactly\", as you'll get a different story for each business.\n\nIn general, if you're holding other inputs steady, it's because there's only so much that can be done with the land and capital on hand. \n\nIf you're a truckin... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Why exactly does production eventually experience diminishing marginal returns to labour in the short run?
| [
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1ljl0d | Is 'subsconcious' a misleading term? | EDIT: Just noticed the spelling mistake in the title. D'oh!
I recently read a [comment](_URL_0_) about how it is misleading to use the term 'subconscious' in discussions about psychology. Essentially, the commenter argued that 'subconscious' isn't a term used by psychologists, that is 'doesn't describe a testable hypo... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cbzx9zp"
],
"text": [
"The word 'subconscious' isn't really used in psychology, probably due to its association with Freud. Generally psychological processes/functions can be called either unconscious/non-conscious or conscious, however other words are used in more specific contexts. \n\nFor ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/science/comments/1le648/mens_subconscious_selfesteem_may_be_bruised_when/cbyfitm"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Is 'subsconcious' a misleading term?
EDIT: Just noticed the spelling mistake in the title. D'oh! I recently read a [comment](_URL_0_) about how it is misleading to use the term 'subconscious' in discussions about psychology. Essentially, the commenter argued that 'subconscious' isn't a term used by psychologists, that ... | [
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1xajah | Does the human body have a OS of some sort and can we modify it? | What I'm asking is how does my brain receive and process everything I see in this world and know what to do with it. Does my brain have some type of software it lives by? Do we all have something hard wired in our brains when born and just keep adding to it as we grow and learn. Would it be possible to plug me into som... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cf9qhak"
],
"text": [
"Applying the concept of the an operating system to serve as a metaphor for how our brain processes information is a gross over simplification that doesn't really suffice. We are currently uncertain how or why activation of specific neural pathways/areas of the brain res... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Does the human body have a OS of some sort and can we modify it?
What I'm asking is how does my brain receive and process everything I see in this world and know what to do with it. Does my brain have some type of software it lives by? Do we all have something hard wired in our brains when born and just keep adding to ... | [
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isxd5 | Water is densest at 4°C. Could we exploit this property to use it as an energy source? | Water is at its densest at 4°C, so what stops us from extracting heat energy from it until it's frozen, and then using the kinetic energy of the ice that forms as it floats to the surface? Could we build some sort of submarine-type ship which travels at the appropriate depth, taking in water and then releasing ice whic... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c26dj72"
],
"text": [
"you can't just extract energy: you have to have a *difference* in temperature between 2 points to do that.\n\nyou might be able to extract some energy by floating something with one end at the surface and the other end down in the warmer water but you wouldn't get much ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Water is densest at 4°C. Could we exploit this property to use it as an energy source?
Water is at its densest at 4°C, so what stops us from extracting heat energy from it until it's frozen, and then using the kinetic energy of the ice that forms as it floats to the surface? Could we build some sort of submarine-type s... | [
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xnkgx | I bought salsa the other day and it just exploded in my face when I took it out of the fridge... why...? | So I bought a combo of salsa and bean-dip at costco the other day. The bean-dip container was stacked on top of the salsa contained and the two were wrapped together with plastic wrap. Anyways, when I took the salsa and bean dip out of my fridge, two weeks after buying them, I noticed that the salsa was bulging from it... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5nxbou",
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],
"text": [
"When something starts to decompose, it releases gasses. So in the closed jar of salsa built up pressure. So when you released it all of the pressure released, Salsa was pulled along with the escaping gasses.",
"If your salsa was contaminated, bacteria... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | I bought salsa the other day and it just exploded in my face when I took it out of the fridge... why...?
So I bought a combo of salsa and bean-dip at costco the other day. The bean-dip container was stacked on top of the salsa contained and the two were wrapped together with plastic wrap. Anyways, when I took the salsa... | [
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1h72t4 | How to balance a centrifuge? | Doing an RNA extraction this morning, we were discussing the loading of a centrifuge. I suggested that we spread the tubes (even number) out as much as possible but another individual suggested that clustering them was better for the machine. I figured that by spreading them out the "stress" distribution would be equal... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"carn6vi",
"cariedc"
],
"text": [
"There are now top level answers asserting all three possibilities with respect to balancing (spread is better, clustered it better and it doesn't matter) so I did a [quick Monte Carlo simulation](_URL_0_). It ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://onfocuslaboratories.com/support/sites/default/files/centrifuge_rotor.jpg",
"http://www.ars.usda.gov/sp2userfiles/ad_hoc/19000000SafetyHealthandEnvironmentalTraining/graphics/CenBalance3.jpg",
"http://i.imgur.com/xO92oIi.png",
"http://www.stanford.edu/dept/EHS/prod/images/centrifugef... | {
"url": [
"http://i.imgur.com/DydwRiI.png"
]
} | How to balance a centrifuge?
Doing an RNA extraction this morning, we were discussing the loading of a centrifuge. I suggested that we spread the tubes (even number) out as much as possible but another individual suggested that clustering them was better for the machine. I figured that by spreading them out the "stress... | [
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2k4qhp | How does reCAPTCHA work, now that it only shows a single image? | Recently reCAPTCHA has started showing only a single image; house numbers. But how can that act as a CAPTCHA unless they already know the number? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"clk51p3"
],
"text": [
"Most probably they're showing the new images to a certain amount of people (50 should suffice) and treat every answer as incorrect and have them prove the validity of their first answer by making them answer a well-known image next.\n\nThis would mean that after those 5... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How does reCAPTCHA work, now that it only shows a single image?
Recently reCAPTCHA has started showing only a single image; house numbers. But how can that act as a CAPTCHA unless they already know the number? | [
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142fl6 | Is there such a thing as 'cognitive atrophy'? | From what I understand, the term 'atrophy' refers specifically to the decline in condition of the body, either by way of disease or lack of use. Are cognitive functions subject to a similar process with regards to lack of use or 'exercise' leading to a decline in their functionality and if not, why not?
Thanks. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c799oml"
],
"text": [
"> Are cognitive functions subject to a similar process with regards to lack of use or 'exercise' leading to a decline in their functionality and if not, why not?\n\nThey are, but the use of the term \"atrophy\" is somewhat misleading here. Cognition is largely dependen... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Is there such a thing as 'cognitive atrophy'?
From what I understand, the term 'atrophy' refers specifically to the decline in condition of the body, either by way of disease or lack of use. Are cognitive functions subject to a similar process with regards to lack of use or 'exercise' leading to a decline in their func... | [
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awhz2f | What's the difference between slab pull and subduction? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"eho0mbm"
],
"text": [
"Subduction is the process of a lithospheric slab (ie. a tectonic plate) sliding beneath a neighbouring tectonic plate and descending into the deeper mantle. Subduction zones are the regions in which this happens, often depicted as a 2-D slice [like the upper diagram he... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://i.imgur.com/B8xXd5m.jpg",
"https://i.imgur.com/UOe4k07.jpg",
"https://youtube.com/watch?v=kwfNGatxUJI",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge",
"http://www.dynamicearth.de/Lectures/Tekto.SoSe12/Vorlesung/fu75.pdf"
]
} | What's the difference between slab pull and subduction?
| [
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12qc1z | How do the calorie counters on exercise machines (treadmills, ellipticals, etc) work? | Does this mechanism allow for accurate reflection of the calories used in the activity?
And going further, how are the values in tables like this determined? _URL_0_ | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"c6xda6e"
],
"text": [
"The device measures or estimates the amount of work done and then factors in the (substantial) loss involved as your body converts chemical energy into mechanical work done by muscles.\n\nThe accuracy of the measurement depends in part on the type of equi... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.nutristrategy.com/activitylist3.htm"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | How do the calorie counters on exercise machines (treadmills, ellipticals, etc) work?
Does this mechanism allow for accurate reflection of the calories used in the activity? And going further, how are the values in tables like this determined? _URL_0_ | [
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11mp5f | Are solitons required to move forward, or can they remain stationary? | Just a thought I had earlier, couldn't find anything on my own for about five minutes. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c6nujhr"
],
"text": [
"It depends what kind of solitons you are talking about.\n\nThe term soliton was originally applied to certain solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries equation, discovered by [Zabusky and Kruskal](_URL_4_), who coined the term soliton. These solitons necessarily are moving; ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://people.physics.anu.edu.au/~nna124/Txt/bound3572.pdf",
"http://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/9604122v1.pdf",
"http://books.google.com/books/about/Solitons_and_Instantons.html?id=SGtKSgAACAAJ",
"http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Soliton",
"http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v15/i6/p240_1",
... | Are solitons required to move forward, or can they remain stationary?
Just a thought I had earlier, couldn't find anything on my own for about five minutes. | [
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lnbq4 | Is there a scientific explanation for "game head?" | I'm sure that's not a technical term. Basically, my friends and I have a set of symptoms that we call "game head" that occurs after we have played a video game for too long. It's especially bad if the player is trying to fall asleep too soon after playing.
Symptoms can be headaches or blurry/blown out vision, twitchin... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2udpi3"
],
"text": [
"I've also gotten that feeling where the game plays out in my imagination! It's really surreal -- every time I closed my eyes after playing Halo 3 ODST for six hours straight, I couldn't stop seeing the game."
],
"score": [
2
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Is there a scientific explanation for "game head?"
I'm sure that's not a technical term. Basically, my friends and I have a set of symptoms that we call "game head" that occurs after we have played a video game for too long. It's especially bad if the player is trying to fall asleep too soon after playing. Symptoms can... | [
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11svfe | What causes the increased capacitance with decreased separation between plates? | I understand why potential difference relates to distance between plates, and that larger plates will mean more capacitance, but what is happening (on the atomic or ionic scale) to cause the capacitance to increase with decreasing distance? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c6pax8m",
"c6papyb"
],
"text": [
"Capacitance is defined as charge per voltage. A large capacitance means that you can store a lot of charge per voltage, and a small capacitance means you can store very little charge per voltage. Further, in most cases the capacitance of a system is defin... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What causes the increased capacitance with decreased separation between plates?
I understand why potential difference relates to distance between plates, and that larger plates will mean more capacitance, but what is happening (on the atomic or ionic scale) to cause the capacitance to increase with decreasing distance? | [
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18zb8q | Medicine: Everytime I see a billboard or an advertisement to get a colonoscapy I think "That's doing it wrong" | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c8je9w4"
],
"text": [
"Good question\n\nFew people get colon cancer before the age of 50 which is why screening colonoscopies begin at 50. If you have a first degree relative who developed colon cancer it is recommended that you begin screening 10 years earlier than the age which the relative... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Medicine: Everytime I see a billboard or an advertisement to get a colonoscapy I think "That's doing it wrong"
| [
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63a10q | For PRBS3 with clock input on each gate, how can you work out the sequence? | I've seen them described on Wikipedia, but I don't understand the process of working out the states, and the order that they repeat in. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dft3ej0"
],
"text": [
"What Wikipedia describes as \"PRBS\", and only clarifies in half a sentence, are sequences generated by [Linear Feedback Shift Registers](_URL_1_). [1] (not exclusively, of course)\n\nYou'll note that what the \"PRBS\" page refers to as \"common sequence generating poly... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/LFSR-F16.gif",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear-feedback_shift_register",
"http://www.newwaveinstruments.com/resources/articles/m_sequence_linear_feedback_shift_register_lfsr.htm",
"https://github.com/mfukar/lfsr/blob/master/lfsr.py"... | For PRBS3 with clock input on each gate, how can you work out the sequence?
I've seen them described on Wikipedia, but I don't understand the process of working out the states, and the order that they repeat in. | [
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pfbpx | Just about every part of the body has a technical name, right? What's the back of the knee called, and how was it named so? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3owsed",
"c3owszi"
],
"text": [
"It is called the Popliteal Fossa - the literal translation from Latin is 'knee depression'",
"It's called the popliteal fossa. It's from the latin poples which means the ham of the knee, and fossa means a pit which is from the latin meaning dig.\nIt's... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Just about every part of the body has a technical name, right? What's the back of the knee called, and how was it named so?
| [
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q0gmq | Just had an idea for a night readable e-ink reader (without a standard backlight or lighted cover). | So, a while ago I bought my wife a Kindle 3G. She loves it and I think it's pretty cool as well. I bought the lighted leather cover, and it works great, but I was wondering about the ability of having the text be illuminated internally - not with a backlight per se, but somehow lit without using a light shining on th... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3tsd7x"
],
"text": [
"I assume there would be mechanical difficulties with combining screen types that way. But in theory, yes, it can be done."
],
"score": [
2
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"glownation.com"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Just had an idea for a night readable e-ink reader (without a standard backlight or lighted cover).
So, a while ago I bought my wife a Kindle 3G. She loves it and I think it's pretty cool as well. I bought the lighted leather cover, and it works great, but I was wondering about the ability of having the text be illumin... | [
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1kc6oi | Is it correct to describe a Scientific Theory as a "best guess?" | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"I think 'best guess' is a little too speculative. I prefer \"most likely explanation\".",
"no, it's just the consensus on the subject.\n\n[Karl Popper page on Standford encyclopedia of Philosophy.](_URL_0_)\n\nI suggest p... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/popper/#ProDem"
]
} | Is it correct to describe a Scientific Theory as a "best guess?"
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3g915i | What causes black outs in stormy days? | Hi askscience, today during a storm the lights in my town switched off a couple of times (and soon you could hear long-lasting thunders). Does it happen solely if a lightning hits electric pylons? Are there side effects which cause black outs? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"Reposting a similar answer I made [here](_URL_0_)\n\n > It's usually a lightning strike or piece of debris falling on a power line. Either of these will create a fault condition and trip the circuit breakers at either end of the line. After a trip, breake... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://np.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2apldy/what_is_usually_the_cause_of_a_power_surge_or/cixo0o2"
]
} | What causes black outs in stormy days?
Hi askscience, today during a storm the lights in my town switched off a couple of times (and soon you could hear long-lasting thunders). Does it happen solely if a lightning hits electric pylons? Are there side effects which cause black outs? | [
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5oerek | How can a habitable zone be defined? | Hello i hope im on right place for my question here. I know that the definition of a habitable zone is complicated and depending on many parameters like size and light of the sun. Atmosphere of the planet and lot of other things.
But what i wonder about can u not maximal definr how far a planet minimal have to be from... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dcirjbw"
],
"text": [
"The typical modern definition of the habitable zone is simply the region around a star where liquid water can form on the surface given the brightness of the star and the distance from it. Too close and the water is too hot to be liquid. Too far and the water is ice. To... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://static.skepticalscience.com/pics/4_EnergyInputsToClimateSysem.jpg"
]
} | How can a habitable zone be defined?
Hello i hope im on right place for my question here. I know that the definition of a habitable zone is complicated and depending on many parameters like size and light of the sun. Atmosphere of the planet and lot of other things. But what i wonder about can u not maximal definr how ... | [
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1k85hx | What's the equation in today's Google Doodle? | Today's google doodle has a picture of Schroedinger's cat with some sort of equation in it. What is this equation? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cbmbmjj"
],
"text": [
"If it's [this](_URL_0_) then it's showing that the quantum state of the cat is (alive + dead)/sqrt(2) meaning that there's a 50/50 chance that the cat will be observed alive or dead."
],
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6
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://asset2.cbsistatic.com/cnwk.1d/i/tim2/2013/08/12/google-doodle-cat.jpg"
]
} | What's the equation in today's Google Doodle?
Today's google doodle has a picture of Schroedinger's cat with some sort of equation in it. What is this equation? | [
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1dumkt | Is there any evidence to support the idea that forbidding something only increases the desire for that something? | Was thinking about the behavior of children and also reading some stuff about prohibition and this idea is recurring but seems reasonable and absurd at the same time. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c9u61zx"
],
"text": [
"Yes. The underlying psychological phenomenon is called [*reactance*](_URL_0_), and it's [well documented](_URL_0_#References)."
],
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3
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactance_(psychology\\)",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactance_(psychology\\)#References"
]
} | Is there any evidence to support the idea that forbidding something only increases the desire for that something?
Was thinking about the behavior of children and also reading some stuff about prohibition and this idea is recurring but seems reasonable and absurd at the same time. | [
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8egg6q | How does a doctor determine "you have a 5% chance of living" or x% chance of walking again, seeing again, and so on? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dxv2oim",
"dxzwb50"
],
"text": [
"It's based on statistics of similar cases. \n\nIn medical research, a cohort is a group of patients who are experiencing similar symptoms, which may be monitored over a period of time. Detailed patient data and biological samples are usually obtained by a... | {
"url": []
} | {
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} | How does a doctor determine "you have a 5% chance of living" or x% chance of walking again, seeing again, and so on?
| [
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l4s0b | How would I go about testing and documenting a theory/hypothosis without being a scientist? | I have theory ( food and health related) and I would love to do an official study with proper sample sizes, but I'm not a scientist, nor am I a student. I don't have the money or the resources to do such a study. What are some of my options. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"One option is to contact a research centre at a local university/hospital/etc that performs research in the particular field, and attempt to get them on board. Unless it is blindingly obvious that your study would be beneficial, you will want to be extremely well prepar... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How would I go about testing and documenting a theory/hypothosis without being a scientist?
I have theory ( food and health related) and I would love to do an official study with proper sample sizes, but I'm not a scientist, nor am I a student. I don't have the money or the resources to do such a study. What are some o... | [
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1ixmdz | What is the significance of placing a grounding pad close to radiofrequency signals? |
I originally posted this in ELI5, but I'm hoping I can get an answer here.
I work in a clinic, and one of our most common procedures involves radiofrequency ablation of nerves. We essentially burn the nerve using this machine, which sends electrical signals into a wire and lesions the designated nerve at x degrees (u... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cb91cvd",
"cb93xoi"
],
"text": [
"The ground pads serve as the return path for the RF current. I would guess you'd want them close to the active electrode to minimize the distance the return current has to travel through the body.\n\nThis also likely minimizes the load impedance that the ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_line",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Transmission_line_symbols.svg/220px-Transmission_line_symbols.svg.png"
]
} | What is the significance of placing a grounding pad close to radiofrequency signals?
I originally posted this in ELI5, but I'm hoping I can get an answer here. I work in a clinic, and one of our most common procedures involves radiofrequency ablation of nerves. We essentially burn the nerve using this machine, which se... | [
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1cwzkj | Why do bases feel soapy or slippery (other than the fact that soap is basic of course). | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c9kungo"
],
"text": [
"When you touch a base it the fats in your skin to produce similar detergent compounds found in soap. Bases literally turn you into soap when they touch you. You are merely feeling the soap your skin has become."
],
"score": [
3
]
} | {
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} | Why do bases feel soapy or slippery (other than the fact that soap is basic of course).
| [
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2vhbhy | How do you round a number like 1.4999...? | I've always been taught that when rounding numbers, if the following number is 5 or higher you round up, and if it's 4 or lower you round down. So if I had the number 1.5 and I want to round to whole integers I would round up to 2, and if I had the number 1.4 I would round down to 1.
But what if I look at the number ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cohosbz",
"cohrfdj",
"coht70x"
],
"text": [
"> But isn't 1.4999.... equal to 1.5, in the same way that 0.999... is equal to 1?\n\nYou answered your own question here. Such a number with a repeating decimal is equivalent to 1.5. So using your scheme, 1.4999... would round to 2.0 just ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How do you round a number like 1.4999...?
I've always been taught that when rounding numbers, if the following number is 5 or higher you round up, and if it's 4 or lower you round down. So if I had the number 1.5 and I want to round to whole integers I would round up to 2, and if I had the number 1.4 I would round down... | [
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rj9qe | Looking for a good metaphor for the blood vessels organisation | Hi Reddit,
I remember John Dorian explaining that the blood vessels have an organisation analog to tree branches. As this metaphor doesn't include anastomosis, I am trying to find a more precise one.
I thought of "the way a river flows", but the circulation is the other way around (I am actually considering the arteria... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c46b2ch",
"c469ldb"
],
"text": [
"Nice objection to the tree analogy! I have two answers for you:\n\n[A strangler fig](_URL_0_) is a great example of a plant that can branch and re-fuse, all while getting smaller from a common trunk point. You can think of anastamoses in this way: connect... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Strangler_fig_boulder_katandra.jpg"
]
} | Looking for a good metaphor for the blood vessels organisation
Hi Reddit, I remember John Dorian explaining that the blood vessels have an organisation analog to tree branches. As this metaphor doesn't include anastomosis, I am trying to find a more precise one. I thought of "the way a river flows", but the circulation... | [
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2g92p9 | Why do people "declare" war? | Why don't they just attack the other? What is the reason to declare it? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ckgwm1s"
],
"text": [
"The act of war requires a legal reason. In medieval history this was known as casus belli. You couldn't just go to war with your neighbours without a valid reason otherwise you would be viewed as a tyrant in the eyes of third parties. Warmongering nations would often be... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Why do people "declare" war?
Why don't they just attack the other? What is the reason to declare it? | [
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rlcju | Constantly horny | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c46qtgk",
"c46qs9f"
],
"text": [
"Welcome to your wonderful teenage years! Don't worry bro, you'll settle down soon enough.",
"sounds like every 15 year old guy ever in the history of ever.."
],
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2
]
} | {
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} | Constantly horny
| [
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16cmyg | How can they call KOI 172.02 a "Super-Earth" already? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c7usphm"
],
"text": [
"Well, there are really only two types of planets; rock and gas. And of the rocky bodies you either have liquid water or not. So if something is a large rocky body with the chance for liquid water then it's about as close to Earth in terms of definitions as you can get. ... | {
"url": []
} | {
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"url": []
} | How can they call KOI 172.02 a "Super-Earth" already?
| [
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xzqsa | I was musing yesterday and caused a debate I hope /r/askscience can help me with. Can Usain Bolt, out accelerate a car? | Ok, obviously everyone's been discussing Usain Bolt's feats of awesomeness the last few days and I innocently asked if anyone thought he could out accelerate an old banger which sparked a massive debate between people who just don't know enough science and maths to prove it either way.
So my question is this, would U... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5r13iv",
"c5r2v5s"
],
"text": [
"For Bolt to beat a car to 100 meters that car has got to be about dead. Bolt's best time to 100 meters is 9.58 seconds. That's an average speed of 23.3 MPH, which is obviously very impressive. But any car that's only managed to average 23 MPH after alm... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.zeroto60times.com/Honda-Vtech-0-60-mph-Times.html",
"http://www.sportsscientists.com/2009/08/analysis-of-bolts-958-wr.html"
]
} | I was musing yesterday and caused a debate I hope /r/askscience can help me with. Can Usain Bolt, out accelerate a car?
Ok, obviously everyone's been discussing Usain Bolt's feats of awesomeness the last few days and I innocently asked if anyone thought he could out accelerate an old banger which sparked a massive deba... | [
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avf11x | Does every part of us become replaced over time? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ehfk3dc"
],
"text": [
"Everything, except stable cells that don't actively divide: nerve, muscle, ligaments, cartilage undergo constant division. The cells with the highest turn over rate are our skin cells, and the lining of our gastrointestinal tract."
],
"score": [
3
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
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} | {
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} | Does every part of us become replaced over time?
| [
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2u4cvd | What is beyond the observable universe? Or at least what physicians expect there? | Also if we travel at speed of light at the edge of big bang , can we reach the beyond the observable univerce? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"Physicists* physicians are doctors. \n\nThe stuff outside the observable universe is expected to be the same as the stuff in it. \n\nThere is no edge of the Big Bang. \n\nYou can't travel out of your observable universe.",
"Physicians are probably jus... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What is beyond the observable universe? Or at least what physicians expect there?
Also if we travel at speed of light at the edge of big bang , can we reach the beyond the observable univerce? | [
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12h9a0 | How much energy is in Sandy from a perspective of rotational momentum? | I asked this [yesterday](_URL_0_ "yesterday's attempt") of /r/backoftheenvelope. It had support/interest, but no responses, so now I askscience:
> Apparently some in Iran and Syria think that [Sandy is due to Iran's advanced technology](_URL_1_ "Imagine the power required!"). I think that's delusional, but it got me... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"From Wikipedia:\n\n > Scientists estimate that a tropical cyclone releases heat energy at the rate of 50 to 200 exajoules (10^18 J) per day, equivalent to about 1 PW (10^15 watt). This rate of energy release is equivalent to 70 times the world energy consumption of huma... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/BackoftheEnvelope/comments/12eizn/how_much_energy_is_in_sandy_from_a_perspective_of/",
"http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/31/world/meast/syria-sandy-facebook-claim/index.html"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/D7.html",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_%28energy%29",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane#Mechanics"
]
} | How much energy is in Sandy from a perspective of rotational momentum?
I asked this [yesterday](_URL_0_ "yesterday's attempt") of /r/backoftheenvelope. It had support/interest, but no responses, so now I askscience: > Apparently some in Iran and Syria think that [Sandy is due to Iran's advanced technology](_URL_1_ "Ima... | [
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rghs9 | Curious about evolution, mind vs body | I have a question about human evolution that seems to me to resemble the old adage of the chicken and the egg.
Would the human brain have evolved first and "built" a body to defend it or would the "mindless" body have evolved a mind to allow it to hunt/gather more effectively? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c45mfai",
"c45naur",
"c45n3ax"
],
"text": [
"Well you could say that the body developed first, since single celled organisms didn't have a nervous system (which is what the brain is part of). But the question doesn't make a lot of sense since they developed together.",
"Well first... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Curious about evolution, mind vs body
I have a question about human evolution that seems to me to resemble the old adage of the chicken and the egg. Would the human brain have evolved first and "built" a body to defend it or would the "mindless" body have evolved a mind to allow it to hunt/gather more effectively? | [
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14p0u6 | Some physics questions: spectra and blackbodies | What is the difference between a continuous spectrum and a discrete spectrum?
What is a blackbody?
I hate to be picky, but try explaining like I'm a third grader. I genuinely do not understand the concepts and the scientific explanations are NOT helping. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c7f3ujd"
],
"text": [
"A discrete spectrum arises from a process (such as atomic or molecular emission/absorption lines) which has specific values.\n\nA continuous spectrum (as arising from blackbody radiation or synchrotron emission) has values throughout the spectrum (or at least a certain ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%E2%80%93Boltzmann_distribution",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation",
"http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/universe/blackbodyradiationcurves.png"
]
} | Some physics questions: spectra and blackbodies
What is the difference between a continuous spectrum and a discrete spectrum? What is a blackbody? I hate to be picky, but try explaining like I'm a third grader. I genuinely do not understand the concepts and the scientific explanations are NOT helping. | [
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... | |
1si6qb | How does a weld end up being stronger than the parent material? | What's the chemistry being the welding process that results in the weld being stronger than the parent material? Is it similar to a heat treating process? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cdxyla6"
],
"text": [
"Basically, the material the welding rods are made of has stronger properties (tensile strength, yield strength,...) than the material on which you are working. So, that part of the finished assembly will be stronger than elsewhere. This is a mechanical answer, on the c... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How does a weld end up being stronger than the parent material?
What's the chemistry being the welding process that results in the weld being stronger than the parent material? Is it similar to a heat treating process? | [
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2pugx3 | How misleading is this product in science terms? | Look at this picture: _URL_1_
Source: [Kickstarter](_URL_0_) || [reddit thread](_URL_2_)
The toughness claims are questionable to me. If the creators claim it's really that tough, why did they have only **two of four** of the vehicle's (probably a pickup truck by the looks of it) wheels resting on their product, with... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cn0bc5h"
],
"text": [
"Having a car sit on top of something and having a car drive on top of it are two very different things. It is the difference between statics and dynamics. Consider a baseball resting in your hand, now consider being hit in the face with a moving baseball, much different... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1217364508/the-coffeeboxxtm-the-worlds-toughest-coffee-maker?ref=nav_search",
"https://s3.amazonaws.com/ksr/assets/002/886/927/e25d02edf09c41cd5ff569485d48605f_large.png?1415656881",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/kickstarter/comments/2pp6a3/the_coffeeboxx_the_wo... | {
"url": []
} | How misleading is this product in science terms?
Look at this picture: _URL_1_ Source: [Kickstarter](_URL_0_) || [reddit thread](_URL_2_) The toughness claims are questionable to me. If the creators claim it's really that tough, why did they have only **two of four** of the vehicle's (probably a pickup truck by the loo... | [
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vh5th | Can anyone tell me the name of this rock? | _URL_0_ | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c54kyxb",
"c54ldp3"
],
"text": [
"Can you provide any more information? Where did you find it, how heavy is it, etc? More pictures might also help.\n\nThat being said it reminds me of a rock I once found which appeared to be porous obsidian. That had a similar structure but was more of... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://i.imgur.com/wt3G8.jpg"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Can anyone tell me the name of this rock?
_URL_0_ | [
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1v17jn | Could anyone explain me the Lennard-Jones potential? | No need to go too deep(studying pharmacy),it's a question on my physics exam and it's really giving me headaches. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cenq88x"
],
"text": [
"It's a way of describing interactions between neutral atoms or molecules. When the molecules are beyond a certain distance, there is a weak attraction when the positive parts of one atom attract the negative parts of another, and vice versa (dipole attraction). From the... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Could anyone explain me the Lennard-Jones potential?
No need to go too deep(studying pharmacy),it's a question on my physics exam and it's really giving me headaches. | [
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35ypgu | Why do plumbing dielectric unions always fail? | I am a licensed plumber for 20 plus years. When I started, it was code to install dielectric unions everywhere in houses where copper connects to steel. every single union fails miserably by either leaking, clogging up completely, rusting to pieces with no water contact outside pipe or depositing rust in water.
The... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cr9kb5e",
"cr9uoxt",
"cra54eg"
],
"text": [
"I hope someone answers this because I know exactly what you're talking about. I'm a GC for over 30 years and I've seen this countless times. It makes no sense. My own home has some brass to galvanized steel connections in the basement that ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_leaching#Leaching_of_zinc"
]
} | Why do plumbing dielectric unions always fail?
I am a licensed plumber for 20 plus years. When I started, it was code to install dielectric unions everywhere in houses where copper connects to steel. every single union fails miserably by either leaking, clogging up completely, rusting to pieces with no water contact ou... | [
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ccmul7 | Is gluconeogeneses reproducible outside of a body? | My knowledge of chemistry is iffy so This may be a stupid question. I'm trying to write a sci fi book, and this question came up as I thought about what kind of alcohol people in this world I'm creating may drink. I decided the more complex the better so I want to know if it’s possible to make alcohol out of fish. So... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"etphw2o"
],
"text": [
"I don't think your book will make much sense but yeah, it's possible to use non-carbohydrate substrates to form glucose.\n\n & #x200B;\n\n[_URL_0_](_URL_0_)\n\n & #x200B;\n\nThe process would be incredibly, and I stress incredibly energy/cost inefficient but it is hypot... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesis"
]
} | Is gluconeogeneses reproducible outside of a body?
My knowledge of chemistry is iffy so This may be a stupid question. I'm trying to write a sci fi book, and this question came up as I thought about what kind of alcohol people in this world I'm creating may drink. I decided the more complex the better so I want to know... | [
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xnvsz | Can someone help me with a mass as money analogy? | Recently while talking with a my kids I threw out this analogy; if the entire solar system's mass was $100, then the sun would be $99.99 and everything else would be $0.01.
I couldn't carry the analogy any further, but I'd like to. So...
If the solar system was $0.01, the Milky Way would be what?
And if the Milky W... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5o4wie"
],
"text": [
"This is the sort of problem with which [Wolfram|Alpha](_URL_1_) can help.\n\nFor example, the mass ratio between the milky way and the solar system is [3x10^12](_URL_1_input/?i=mass+of+milky+way+%2F+mass+of+solar+system). So in your money analogy, if the solar system we... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=mass+of+observable+universe+%2F+mass+of+milky+way",
"http://www.wolframalpha.com/",
"http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=mass+of+milky+way+%2F+mass+of+solar+system"
]
} | Can someone help me with a mass as money analogy?
Recently while talking with a my kids I threw out this analogy; if the entire solar system's mass was $100, then the sun would be $99.99 and everything else would be $0.01. I couldn't carry the analogy any further, but I'd like to. So... If the solar system was $0.01, t... | [
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2hmoeb | Why do ECGs look the way they do during heart attacks? | _URL_0_
Considering the image above, for reference.
I can see that the electrical activity drops very suddenly before the depolarisation. Does this mean that electrical charge 'builds up' instead of being released as normal?
Also, the depolarisation wave looks a lot smoother and longer. Does this mean that the elect... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cku3oms"
],
"text": [
"Yes there is a big difference between ST and non-ST elevation myocardial infarcts (heart attacks)! The major difference is that ST elevation myocardial infarcts imply that the entire thickness (transmural) of the heart muscle dies as opposed to non-ST elevation infarcts... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://patienteducationcenter.org/wp-content/themes/default/image.php?image=243458"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Why do ECGs look the way they do during heart attacks?
_URL_0_ Considering the image above, for reference. I can see that the electrical activity drops very suddenly before the depolarisation. Does this mean that electrical charge 'builds up' instead of being released as normal? Also, the depolarisation wave looks a lo... | [
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1923h4 | Explain to me the science behind something I witnessed this morning in my water bottle | I'm not really well versed on science, so you'll have to be patient...
Last night I left a bottle of water in the freezer, I meant to take it out but forgot to. This morning (8 hours later) I went to the freezer to get the water. When I opened I saw to my surprise that it wasn't frozen solid as it usually is, it still... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c8k4oq1"
],
"text": [
"You most likely experienced a [supercooling](_URL_0_) phenomenon. This happens, simplistically, when the liquid has nothing to grab onto (a bit of dust, something like that) to form crystals or other ordered structure like ice. When you took it out, you probably agitate... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercooling"
]
} | Explain to me the science behind something I witnessed this morning in my water bottle
I'm not really well versed on science, so you'll have to be patient... Last night I left a bottle of water in the freezer, I meant to take it out but forgot to. This morning (8 hours later) I went to the freezer to get the water. Whe... | [
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1.1906126737594604... |
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