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15ck03 | I shocked myself unplugging a power cord from a power strip that was plugged into the wall. All that hapend was my shoulder muscles flexed. Why didn't more happen? | askscience | {
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"Well without knowing more about what you inadvertently plugged yourself into, you were probably just lucky and had good reactions. Because of the nature of AC electricity, it is possible to let go of a dangerous connection, as your brain gets a chance to communicate wit... | {
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} | I shocked myself unplugging a power cord from a power strip that was plugged into the wall. All that hapend was my shoulder muscles flexed. Why didn't more happen?
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zhbqy | How long would it take for a molecule of hemoglobin to move from your heart to your foot if there was no circulation and movement was only by diffusion? | askscience | {
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"A very long time. Diffusion of individual molecules is only useful over very short distances, like a plasma membrane, like 10 nm. Also depends on temperature. I'd assume we're talking about body temperature here, but there's no circulation, so this body is dead."
]... | {
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} | How long would it take for a molecule of hemoglobin to move from your heart to your foot if there was no circulation and movement was only by diffusion?
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1q5448 | Built a capacitor. Have a question. | askscience | {
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"It's really hard to tell what's going on because from the video I can't tell what's connected to what. Could you post a circuit diagram?"
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} | Built a capacitor. Have a question.
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1lvxsh | What is a stitch? | When people run they sometimes get a stitch, what is a stitch and what causes it? | askscience | {
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"A stitch in the side is usually a muscle spasm of the intercostal muscles. Think of it like a muscle cramp, but between two ribs. They are usually brought on by muscle fatigue, commonly from fast shallow breathing such as during heavy cardio activities. If you have any ... | {
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} | What is a stitch?
When people run they sometimes get a stitch, what is a stitch and what causes it? | [
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1cbte5 | In statistics, can you increase the skewness of a distribution without increasing the kurtosis? | A statistical distribution is usually a function with a few parameters. For instance, the parameters of the normal distribution are mean and variance, and I can adjust those two parameters totally independently. Are there any distributions where skewness and kurtosis are parameters?
More generally, if I have a distrib... | askscience | {
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"A bit out of my area of expertise, but have you looked at [sinh-arcsinh distributions](_URL_0_)?"
],
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} | In statistics, can you increase the skewness of a distribution without increasing the kurtosis?
A statistical distribution is usually a function with a few parameters. For instance, the parameters of the normal distribution are mean and variance, and I can adjust those two parameters totally independently. Are there an... | [
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m9rle | When i catch a drop of rain on my tongue, is it safe to assume that that water has been anywhere, or even everywhere in the world? | I could be completely wrong here (which is why I'm asking), but my understanding of the water cycle is that all the water in the world has basically been here for hundreds/thousands/millions of years, and it all goes round the same cycle of evaporating up into clouds and then precipitating back down over and over again... | askscience | {
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"All the matter that makes up our planet, including the atoms comprising water, were formed by nuclear fusion in the center of now-extinct stars. Earth was formed about 4 billion years ago, so that means that every atom on the planet, though unimaginably o... | {
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} | When i catch a drop of rain on my tongue, is it safe to assume that that water has been anywhere, or even everywhere in the world?
I could be completely wrong here (which is why I'm asking), but my understanding of the water cycle is that all the water in the world has basically been here for hundreds/thousands/million... | [
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mqi5b | When playing sports do our brains calculate the angles and power needed for a pass, shot etc., or is it "muscle memory"? | This thought crossed my mind when playing football today. I'm just interested to find out if a quaterback unconsciously calculates the correct velocity and loft needed for a perfect pass. Or do we just "wing it" with so-called "muscle memory"?
Sorry if this is unclear, I can't think of a great way to word the quest... | askscience | {
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"From the physiology classes I've taken that have mentioned this, it's understood that sports performance is pretty much muscle memory. As we practice an action (any action, could be throwing a football or typing on a keyboard or walking), our brain remembers what's effe... | {
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} | When playing sports do our brains calculate the angles and power needed for a pass, shot etc., or is it "muscle memory"?
This thought crossed my mind when playing football today. I'm just interested to find out if a quaterback unconsciously calculates the correct velocity and loft needed for a perfect pass. Or do we ju... | [
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zo66p | Is the 'Tongue Map' actually a real thing? | My biology teacher insists the you tastes different tastes on different parts of the tongue, but I beg to differ. | askscience | {
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"You are correct, the \"tongue map\" concept isn't true and generally isn't taught any longer. Your biology teacher should get with the program!"
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} | Is the 'Tongue Map' actually a real thing?
My biology teacher insists the you tastes different tastes on different parts of the tongue, but I beg to differ. | [
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1i2ohf | The "tongue map". I've heard there really is no such thing, but can someone go into detail for me? | I have a friend who's in college, and he says that it *is* true because of a "test" they did in class where they put something on one side of the tongue, but couldn't taste it when they put it in a different spot? (I can't recall what this "something" was.)
Sorry that's really vague, but anyone have a clue what he's t... | askscience | {
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"No, it is just a silly misconception.\n\n[NYT article on the subject](_URL_0_;). The article links directly to a couple scientific papers if you want to bash your friend over the head with real science.",
"Again, no, just a misconception. [Here's](_UR... | {
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]
} | The "tongue map". I've heard there really is no such thing, but can someone go into detail for me?
I have a friend who's in college, and he says that it *is* true because of a "test" they did in class where they put something on one side of the tongue, but couldn't taste it when they put it in a different spot? (I can'... | [
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1hwb2p | [Biology] Are there any examples, past or present, of life forms where their blood or other vital fluids is exposed to the air? | For the most part, I only ever hear about blood in organs or blood vessels. Internal vital fluids are surely a fitness advantage, as blood contamination is a serious threat. But that doesn't mean it's never happened, and there are all sorts of crazy examples of life in the world.
I'm worried that this question may los... | askscience | {
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"cb08g3j"
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"Ants don't have lunges and so they absorb air though most of their skin. The pores are big enough for air to get in but not their blood to get out.\nSorry if I don't understand the question."
],
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} | [Biology] Are there any examples, past or present, of life forms where their blood or other vital fluids is exposed to the air?
For the most part, I only ever hear about blood in organs or blood vessels. Internal vital fluids are surely a fitness advantage, as blood contamination is a serious threat. But that doesn't m... | [
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5wjw57 | How to derive the Relativistic Doppler shift in Energy? | In his paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" Einstein presents a derivation of the doppler effect on light energy by first deriving the change in amplitude. After that imagines a plane wave of light, moving in the universe at an angle from the x-axis. He then imagines an imaginary sphere moving with the light... | askscience | {
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"The easiest way is simply to apply the Lorentz transformations to the four-momentum of a photon.\n\nFor any four-vector A^(μ), the Lorentz transformations for a boost in the x-direction say:\n\nA^(0)' = γ(A^(0) - βA^(1)),\n\nA^(1)' = γ(A^(1) - βA^(0)),\n\nA^(2)' = A^(2)... | {
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} | How to derive the Relativistic Doppler shift in Energy?
In his paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" Einstein presents a derivation of the doppler effect on light energy by first deriving the change in amplitude. After that imagines a plane wave of light, moving in the universe at an angle from the x-axis. He... | [
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36yp3l | What's the cause of the teal color in this supercell? Image in post | Here's the image:
_URL_0_
What's causing the blue-ish color in cloud?
Edit: Here's the original post where I found the image.
_URL_1_
I know the basics of Rayleigh, Mie, etc. scattering , but other than that I really don't feel satisfied with the explanation I've come up with myself. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cribbw1"
],
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"It's a great question and as far as I know no one has produced a conclusive answer to why clouds can turn more green in colour. Theories include the presence of large hailstones, [the right size of water droplets and cloud thickness](_URL_0_), [reflection of green veget... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7772/17761863929_bb8504a599_k.jpg",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/36w5nd/supercell_in_weinert_texas_the_teal_color_is_the/"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.theguardian.com/news/2013/sep/29/weatherwatch-green-clouds-tornadoes-hail",
"http://optics.kulgun.net/GreenClouds/green_clouds.shtml",
"http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0450-39.10.1754",
"https://shareok.org/bitstream/handle/11244/5519/9806312.PDF?sequence=1"
]... | What's the cause of the teal color in this supercell? Image in post
Here's the image: _URL_0_ What's causing the blue-ish color in cloud? Edit: Here's the original post where I found the image. _URL_1_ I know the basics of Rayleigh, Mie, etc. scattering , but other than that I really don't feel satisfied with the expla... | [
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p76js | Is there really any difference between the impact of 1 set of 36 reps of bicep curls vs. 3 sets of 12 reps of bicep curls? | Assuming all else is equal. If so, why?
I've always felt like this stuff is shady at best, and yet it permeates gyms, health and fitness courses, and even doctors recommendations. | askscience | {
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"The idea is that you're curling with a weight where 12 reps is pushing your muscles to the limit so that you can't do another 12 without rest. If you are able to do 36 reps all at once it means the weight you are lifting is not enough resistance to build muscle strength... | {
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} | Is there really any difference between the impact of 1 set of 36 reps of bicep curls vs. 3 sets of 12 reps of bicep curls?
Assuming all else is equal. If so, why? I've always felt like this stuff is shady at best, and yet it permeates gyms, health and fitness courses, and even doctors recommendations. | [
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a3oocy | How do ruminants send food to the rumen and chewed cud to the omasum? | From what I understand, ruminants (e.g. cows) eat their food where it's first broken down in the first two chambers of their stomach creating cud. Then they regurgitate the cud and chew it to break it down further before swallowing again where digestion is then completed by the last two stomach chambers and intestines.... | askscience | {
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"To put it simply, after they chew their cud, the particle size of the food bits are now small enough to pass into the omasum. Sometimes they have to regurgitate and chew pieces several times before they're actually small enough to pass into the omasum!"
],
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} | How do ruminants send food to the rumen and chewed cud to the omasum?
From what I understand, ruminants (e.g. cows) eat their food where it's first broken down in the first two chambers of their stomach creating cud. Then they regurgitate the cud and chew it to break it down further before swallowing again where digest... | [
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2k5cgm | Biologists: Do we secrete butyric acid from our pores during emotional stress? | I came across this article (_URL_0_) when looking for information about training my dog. A bit suspicious, I looked around for more information about secreting butyric acid, but not much came up in my searches other than the same article. Is any of it true? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"clinpoo"
],
"text": [
"So I do not know much about dogs, but they do have a powerful sense of smell, for example they might be able to [smell cancer](_URL_7_) and the fact that they smell stronger than us is probably true though [we shouldn't sell ourselves short.](_URL_5_) \n\nWhen we sweat... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.woofersgrooming.com/how-to-fail-at-dog-training/"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.nature.com/jid/journal/v130/n2/abs/jid2009396a.html",
"http://www.jstor.org/stable/1130280",
"http://chemse.oxfordjournals.org/content/31/8/747.short",
"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1951.tb13728.x/pdf",
"http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pd... | Biologists: Do we secrete butyric acid from our pores during emotional stress?
I came across this article (_URL_0_) when looking for information about training my dog. A bit suspicious, I looked around for more information about secreting butyric acid, but not much came up in my searches other than the same article. Is... | [
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8t4dek | What is your average rock made of? | I was asked this question recently and was surprised by how hard it stumped me. Rock.. Material... Was about the best I could get. Let's say a rock from Yellowstone, as an example, because I imagine it varies based on area. a fairly grey and non crystalline river rock. What would that be made out of, elementally? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"Most rocks on Earth are made of silicate minerals, carbonate minerals, or some of both.\n\nSilicates are a big group of minerals with lots of variety, but on an atomic level they all have SiO4 tetrahedra, with a silicon atom surrounded by f... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicate_minerals#Main_groups",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon–oxygen_tetrahedron"
]
} | What is your average rock made of?
I was asked this question recently and was surprised by how hard it stumped me. Rock.. Material... Was about the best I could get. Let's say a rock from Yellowstone, as an example, because I imagine it varies based on area. a fairly grey and non crystalline river rock. What would that... | [
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136ksl | Did the "green monkey experiment" ever actually happen? | I've heard, for many years, of a possibly-apocryphal experiment in which a bunch of scientists supposedly captured a monkey (usually described as high-ranking in its group), dyed or painted it green, and put it back into the group, whereupon the other monkeys either shunned it or killed it despite its apparent unawaren... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c71ck0o"
],
"text": [
"I had always heard about this experiment in the form of painting pigeons orange. I then found [this](_URL_0_).\n\nI'm guessing that both the orange pigeon and green monkey are experiments in human gullibility."
],
"score": [
15
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.thecreatorsproject.com/blog/rainbow-dyed-pigeons-become-flying-works-of-art"
]
} | Did the "green monkey experiment" ever actually happen?
I've heard, for many years, of a possibly-apocryphal experiment in which a bunch of scientists supposedly captured a monkey (usually described as high-ranking in its group), dyed or painted it green, and put it back into the group, whereupon the other monkeys eith... | [
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xlzre | Which branch of science is the most "undiscovered"? | I was curious about which branch has the most undiscovered, or unknown elements to it. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5nilas",
"c5nikwc",
"c5nkatx"
],
"text": [
"My guess would be neuroscience, there's still an incredible amount of ground to cover relating to how that 3 pound thing of goo in our skulls actually works.",
"There's known unknowns, and unknown unknowns....\n\nThis question is basica... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitation#Gravity_and_quantum_mechanics"
]
} | Which branch of science is the most "undiscovered"?
I was curious about which branch has the most undiscovered, or unknown elements to it. | [
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she03 | What would be the repercussions of an extraterrestrial mining operation? | This is in response to reports that a mystery company backed by James Cameron and Google wants to start an asteroid mining operation. What are the repercussions of bringing a potentially large amount of mass from somewhere else to Earth? As of now, most everything on Earth comes from Earth in one way or another. Yes... | askscience | {
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],
"text": [
"Crashing the moon into the earth would only raise our planets mass by 1.2%. We can't move enough."
],
"score": [
3
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What would be the repercussions of an extraterrestrial mining operation?
This is in response to reports that a mystery company backed by James Cameron and Google wants to start an asteroid mining operation. What are the repercussions of bringing a potentially large amount of mass from somewhere else to Earth? As of now... | [
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mtj1c | Why do similarly labelled decongestants have such widely varied effectiveness? | i.e. Zyrtec vs Allegra vs Claritin. Zyrtec does amazing things for when I get stopped-up during allergy season, Claritin does nothing at all, and Allegra doesn't do as much as Zyrtec.
For my mother, Zyrtec just puts her to sleep, Claritin helps her a little bit, and she swears by Allegra.
These are all decongestants... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c33rfp3"
],
"text": [
"The three drugs you list are all in the same class of medications: second-generation H-1 blockers. Their mechanism of action is the same. The idiosyncratic effects you are describing are likely due to the different pharmacokinetics of the three drugs, that is, how the... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Why do similarly labelled decongestants have such widely varied effectiveness?
i.e. Zyrtec vs Allegra vs Claritin. Zyrtec does amazing things for when I get stopped-up during allergy season, Claritin does nothing at all, and Allegra doesn't do as much as Zyrtec. For my mother, Zyrtec just puts her to sleep, Claritin he... | [
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ykmno | A question regarding language... | Forgive me if this question seems trivial, but I was contemplating about the different varieties of languages and I was wondering how is there such a disparity between most? There are groupings of languages (such as Romance) that have similar structure, syntaxs and even nearly exact words, but how can some seemingly sh... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5wfaf3"
],
"text": [
"Some groups of humans separated at least fifty-thousand years ago. Just look how different some dialects are in the US although they only had about 250 years to form and English is a pretty established language and you don't find new things you need new words for twice ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | A question regarding language...
Forgive me if this question seems trivial, but I was contemplating about the different varieties of languages and I was wondering how is there such a disparity between most? There are groupings of languages (such as Romance) that have similar structure, syntaxs and even nearly exact wor... | [
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v2pfp | Found this painting of some chemical structure while dumpster-diving at my college during move-out week. Can anyone help me identify it? | [Here is the painting](_URL_0_). For some reason, sites that are supposed to ID based on submitted models are coming up dry, even when I check and re-check them.
It's possible that the structure is incorrect, and that's why it was in the trash, but can someone at least give me an idea of what they were aiming for? It... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c50s4t9"
],
"text": [
"My first thought was [MDMA/ecstasy](_URL_0_) but there's an extra ketone. Turns out it's a modified version called [Methylone](_URL_1_)."
],
"score": [
3
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://i.imgur.com/qO50q.jpg"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDMA",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylone"
]
} | Found this painting of some chemical structure while dumpster-diving at my college during move-out week. Can anyone help me identify it?
[Here is the painting](_URL_0_). For some reason, sites that are supposed to ID based on submitted models are coming up dry, even when I check and re-check them. It's possible that th... | [
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1ijde3 | Is this even possible?: A question about the Atomic Clock | How does the atomic clock work?
If at one point you had say a phone hooked up to atomic time and then lost that ability could you tell how long it had been "drifting" from that point?
If so how long ago was a little more than 9 minutes of drift? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"To make a clock, you need to find something that repeats (or oscillates) at a set rate. Pendulums, for instance, tend to sway back and force at a constant rate, so we used those to make clocks. Springs attached to gears can spin at a very constant rate, and so we use ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Is this even possible?: A question about the Atomic Clock
How does the atomic clock work? If at one point you had say a phone hooked up to atomic time and then lost that ability could you tell how long it had been "drifting" from that point? If so how long ago was a little more than 9 minutes of drift? | [
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xb7xh | What does AskScience think of the TV show "The Doctors"? Their advice seems kinda sketchy to me. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5kurre",
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],
"text": [
"Can you list any of their sketchy advice?",
"This may be a better question for /r/skeptic, but let me try giving some advice about that show. Now, I don't watch the show so they only show up on my radar when they do something particularly egregious. ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.thedoctorstv.com/main/show_synopsis/142?section=feature&title=Vitamin%20Shot",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CM3E6NTGpOg",
"http://www.thedoctorstv.com/GreenFish/posts/14232-Vitamin-C-and-Zinc",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/search?q=chiropractic&restrict_sr=on",... | What does AskScience think of the TV show "The Doctors"? Their advice seems kinda sketchy to me.
| [
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lj5ja | What stops me from falling through the floor? | So there is a lot of empty space in between atoms, so what stops the atoms in my foot falling through the atoms in my floor? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"c2t88n1"
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"text": [
"The simplest answer is the repulsion of the electrons in your feet with the repulsion of the electrons in the floor is much greater than the attraction of gravity between you and the Earth.",
"What doubleohchester said. The slightly more complicated v... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction"
]
} | What stops me from falling through the floor?
So there is a lot of empty space in between atoms, so what stops the atoms in my foot falling through the atoms in my floor? | [
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lyody | What is a good intuitive description of wavenumber (cm^-1) | I've done more IR spectra interpretation than I care to think about in my life, and I understand in some degree of detail how FTIR works (and other fourier transformed spectroscopy such as NMR), but I've never really been able to wrap my head around what cm^-1 intuitively means when I'm looking at a peak (say of a stro... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2wnset",
"c2wnmgx"
],
"text": [
"I hope this helps; the wavenumber is the number of time the wavelength is contained in the length unit. A carbonyl peak at 1700 cm-1 means that the wavelength absorbed \"fits\" 1700 times in one centimeter (wavelength = 5882 nm).",
"This is my special... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What is a good intuitive description of wavenumber (cm^-1)
I've done more IR spectra interpretation than I care to think about in my life, and I understand in some degree of detail how FTIR works (and other fourier transformed spectroscopy such as NMR), but I've never really been able to wrap my head around what cm^-1 ... | [
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110kxk | What's the difference between an invertebrate brain structure compared to a mammalian brain structure. | Could invertebrates ever evolve to have the same intelligence as humans?
edit: English | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c6i8n11",
"c6i8q4u"
],
"text": [
"> Could invertebrates ever evolve to have the same intelligence as humans?\n\nIt's happened once before.",
"The brain has slowly evolved over billions of years and it evolved from the inside out. The base of the brain is at the spinal-cord and the bra... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What's the difference between an invertebrate brain structure compared to a mammalian brain structure.
Could invertebrates ever evolve to have the same intelligence as humans? edit: English | [
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4o4dwm | How is a basic metabolic panel performed in the lab? | askscience | {
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"These tests are all biochemistry based.\n\nYou'll have a blood sample drawn with various additives: clotting activators for most of the analytes as they are tested on serum, but fluoride oxalate for glucose as this is tested on plasma (thus needs an anticoagulant) and i... | {
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t584f | I am teaching a unit on evolution in my, primarily fundie, 10th-grade Biology class. Please help! | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c4jn6p4",
"c4jmy67"
],
"text": [
"Here are some good resources:\n\n1) Watch this [NOVA documentary](_URL_0_) on a court case a few years ago where Intelligent Design and Evolution were on trial in a court room. Excellent documentary and thoroughly trounced the Intelligent Design dogma.\n... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/intelligent-design-trial.html",
"http://www.conservapedia.com/Evolution",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisoning_the_well",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcAq9bmCeR0",
"http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/comdesc/"
]
} | I am teaching a unit on evolution in my, primarily fundie, 10th-grade Biology class. Please help!
| [
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6hcirt | How have past cataclysmic events influenced human genetic mutations? | askscience | {
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"text": [
"That might depend on how you define cataclysmic events. If you define disease epidemics as cataclysmic events then there is evidence they have shaped our genetic makeup. People who were genetically more resistant to dying from particular diseases survived and passed on ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2014/02/black-death-left-mark-human-genome"
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} | How have past cataclysmic events influenced human genetic mutations?
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2wwlmm | How did certain symbiotic relationships (like plovers and crocodiles) come about? | How did the first crocodile to do this know/feel that what the plover was doing was beneficial? Same goes for remoras/sharks and so on. Sorry if this is a basic question, but I just got curious because we learned about this in my ap bio class but they never really explained how it might have occurred in the first place... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"couwbal"
],
"text": [
"Like everything in biology: over time. Crocs don't identify plovers as food, so over generations crocs who showed no agressive behaviour towards plovers got the advantage of less parasites and accumulated in better survival odds for crocs with plovers. That and time."
... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How did certain symbiotic relationships (like plovers and crocodiles) come about?
How did the first crocodile to do this know/feel that what the plover was doing was beneficial? Same goes for remoras/sharks and so on. Sorry if this is a basic question, but I just got curious because we learned about this in my ap bio c... | [
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1h8be3 | Why can you cut some objects, such as a ball of clay, in half and then combine\reshape the halves so that no crease or cut exists, but you wouldn't be able to do this with other objects, such as a slice of bread? What property determines this? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"carunc3"
],
"text": [
"I think clay is technically an emulsion. Small solid particles kept in stiff suspension by interstitial water molecules with a polar attraction to the particles. If I recall, most clays are comprised of metallic silicates which would be hydrophillic so water is quite ha... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Why can you cut some objects, such as a ball of clay, in half and then combine\reshape the halves so that no crease or cut exists, but you wouldn't be able to do this with other objects, such as a slice of bread? What property determines this?
| [
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3qk71v | What is the apex of the seal in this gif? | My coworker and I are fascinated by the pure strength and coordination of the orca in this gif. Exactly how high was the seal thrown?
From what we found on Wikipedia, a fully matured harbor seal can be over 6ft long and weigh over 250 lbs. Is the seal in the gif fully matured? What was the apex of the seal and how muc... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cwg1rr6"
],
"text": [
"Assuming it's in real time, and not sped up or slowed down, we can figure out approximately how high the seal went from the amount of time it was in the air. I just timed it and got ~4.2s, which translates to a height of (1/2) \\* a \\* (t/2)^2 = 9.8m/s^2 \\* (4.2s)^2 /... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://imgur.com/gallery/ardT2Pm"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | What is the apex of the seal in this gif?
My coworker and I are fascinated by the pure strength and coordination of the orca in this gif. Exactly how high was the seal thrown? From what we found on Wikipedia, a fully matured harbor seal can be over 6ft long and weigh over 250 lbs. Is the seal in the gif fully matured? ... | [
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11yb9a | The earth as seen from an alien civilization | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c6ql5sx"
],
"text": [
"Regarding the first question, it's certainly the subject of much speculation. We deliberately and unintentionally broadcast lots of information into space, including, among other things, a Beatles song.\n\nIt's certainly possible that, should an alien civilization exis... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
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} | The earth as seen from an alien civilization
| [
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1zpcbv | What is phosphatidylserine? | I ask this because I was reading the annual report of Peregrine Pharmaceuticals and I am trying to understand the drug that they make. Can someone explain this paragraph from their annual statement LI5.
"Bavituximab is a first-in-class phosphatidylserine (PS)-targeting monoclonal antibody that represents a new approac... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cfvyu2j"
],
"text": [
"First, here's some background.\n\nPS is a pretty standard negatively charged [plasma membrane phospholipid](_URL_3_).\n\nThe interesting thing here is that it's normally all in the inner leaflet. The plasma membrane is a [bilayer](_URL_2_), it has two lipid leaflets whi... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.jbc.org/content/282/2/821.full",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22858544",
"http://www.bio.miami.edu/tom/courses/protected/MCB6/ch10/10-01corrected.jpg",
"http://lipidlibrary.aocs.org/Lipids/ps/index.htm",
"http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/14/6/1603/F1.expa... | What is phosphatidylserine?
I ask this because I was reading the annual report of Peregrine Pharmaceuticals and I am trying to understand the drug that they make. Can someone explain this paragraph from their annual statement LI5. "Bavituximab is a first-in-class phosphatidylserine (PS)-targeting monoclonal antibody th... | [
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1eqtt0 | Not sure if stupid question but... will it be possible to print medicine in the future? | I've seen things printing human tissue and organs. It seems to me like printing medicine would be a bit less complicated... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ca2wym0"
],
"text": [
"Basically, to \"print\" in this case means \"to squirt out substances to produce a pattern or structure\". It's not so much about production as about arrangement. You could print medicine by filling some inkjet cartridges full of penicillin and printing it out on a pi... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Not sure if stupid question but... will it be possible to print medicine in the future?
I've seen things printing human tissue and organs. It seems to me like printing medicine would be a bit less complicated... | [
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j6st7 | A consistent and reputable scientific news source? | Hey AskScience,
I'm looking for a news source where I can find reputable and scientifically significant news from a range of topics from astronomy to medicine and everything in between. Most science-based news sites seem to cater to the "popular science" agenda and I find myself questioning the significance of what I... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c29m4q8",
"c29mkt2"
],
"text": [
"Nature and Science both have pretty good news sections.",
"[Sciencedaily](_URL_0_) has been my source for years. I have two RSS feeds loaded on my desktop, one for astronomy, and one for general news such as you described. Check it out."
],
"score... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.sciencedaily.com/"
]
} | A consistent and reputable scientific news source?
Hey AskScience, I'm looking for a news source where I can find reputable and scientifically significant news from a range of topics from astronomy to medicine and everything in between. Most science-based news sites seem to cater to the "popular science" agenda and I f... | [
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igxe6 | Are there good hard physical science blogs out there? | I'm currently a grad student in chemistry studying spectroscopy and I'm having a bit of an internet dilemma that's been haunting
me through even undergrad.
I find that, at least in my cursory searches, I can't find any regularly updated hard science blogs. Although it seems modern physics seems to be the most popula... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"I happen to like \"[In The Pipeline](_URL_0_)\". It's written by a PhD organic chemist who works in drug discovery.",
"Try some of the blogs at either _URL_2_ or _URL_2_. I don't think the former has so much in the physical sciences yet... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://corante.com/pipeline/",
"scienceblogs.com",
"scientopia.org",
"http://metadatta.wordpress.com/"
]
} | Are there good hard physical science blogs out there?
I'm currently a grad student in chemistry studying spectroscopy and I'm having a bit of an internet dilemma that's been haunting me through even undergrad. I find that, at least in my cursory searches, I can't find any regularly updated hard science blogs. Although ... | [
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on5nj | Can someone explain to me why bycicles don't fall on either side? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3iikif",
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],
"text": [
"I presume you mean when they' re in motion?",
"[A bicycle can be self-stable without gyroscopic or caster effects](_URL_0_\n),\nScience 15 April 2011: 332(6027), 339-342. [doi:10.1126/science.1201959]\n\nJ.D.G. Kooijman, J.P.Meijaard, Jim M. Papadopou... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://ruina.tam.cornell.edu/research/topics/bicycle_mechanics/stablebicycle/index.htm"
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} | Can someone explain to me why bycicles don't fall on either side?
| [
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18dwyi | Psychologists, sociologists, linguists and others: can you describe 'primes' and 'priming', 'frames' and 'framing', and the similarities and differences between definitions? | I'm totally bamboozled by the number of (mostly unintelligible) definitions between these concepts that superficially seem really similar. Does anyone out there have a good handle on this? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"The word priming has nearly as many scientific definitions as there are scientific disciplines. And can have completely unrelated meanings (see priming in human memory vs priming for a PCR machine).\n\nCould you give us a bit more context for how you interpret these wor... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Psychologists, sociologists, linguists and others: can you describe 'primes' and 'priming', 'frames' and 'framing', and the similarities and differences between definitions?
I'm totally bamboozled by the number of (mostly unintelligible) definitions between these concepts that superficially seem really similar. Does an... | [
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3xovsv | Why is the reproduction organ so closley located to the wastehandling organs in many species? | Are there any benfits to this? I dont know the anatomy of all spieces but it seems like alot of animals have their reproduction organs always in connection or really close to their wastehandling organs and in my head it seems like a uneccesary risk because the waste could potentialy interfere with the reproduction. So ... | askscience | {
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"If you are a bottom-dwelling elongated organism, like a roundworm or a flatworm (which is where we first see development of true reproductive systems, evolutionarily speaking), then you want your inlet openings to be on the front end of your body and your outlet opening... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Why is the reproduction organ so closley located to the wastehandling organs in many species?
Are there any benfits to this? I dont know the anatomy of all spieces but it seems like alot of animals have their reproduction organs always in connection or really close to their wastehandling organs and in my head it seems ... | [
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t9bac | Is this picture of an airplane on Google Maps an example of the doppler effect on light? | Or is it some other phenomena? It seems to make sense since the plane is the only thing moving fast enough for it to be noticeable.
_URL_0_ | askscience | {
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"It looks like the satellite took blue, green, red, and luminance frames in quick succession.",
"No. It is an artifact caused by the fact that images are taken first with a blue, then a green and finally a red filter, and then combined t... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://i.imgur.com/GAoqW.jpg"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/rjtpa/what_causes_the_rainbow_effect_on_fast_moving/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/ngpsh/is_this_rainbow_plane_in_google_earth_a_result_of/"
]
} | Is this picture of an airplane on Google Maps an example of the doppler effect on light?
Or is it some other phenomena? It seems to make sense since the plane is the only thing moving fast enough for it to be noticeable. _URL_0_ | [
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4hwqyd | Do all conductors equally conduct electricity and temperature? | Every substance I can think of that's a good conductor of electricity (metals, etc.) are also a good conductor of heat. And things that are good insulators (plastic, wood) also are good insulators of heat/cold. Is there anything that is a good/bad conductor of electricity and oppositely good/bad with heat/cold? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"It's something that will be roughly true if the same particles which conduct most of the heat also conduct most of the electricity. The [Wiedemann-Franz law](_URL_0_) holds for the case where electrons are the main contribution to both (it holds well for metals at tempe... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiedemann–Franz_law",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/search?q=thermal+electric+conductivity&restrict_sr=on&sort=relevance&t=all",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/31g9ss/is_it_possible_for_a_substance_to_be_both_an/"
]
} | Do all conductors equally conduct electricity and temperature?
Every substance I can think of that's a good conductor of electricity (metals, etc.) are also a good conductor of heat. And things that are good insulators (plastic, wood) also are good insulators of heat/cold. Is there anything that is a good/bad conductor... | [
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5d0mf4 | Do any objects exist which do not have any/some of the following: position, shape, solidity/body? | Is it possible for something to exist without a particular position in space, specific shape or area that it takes up? Are there any things which don't have dimension? Is that just a contradiction?
Thanks! | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
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],
"score": [
9
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Do any objects exist which do not have any/some of the following: position, shape, solidity/body?
Is it possible for something to exist without a particular position in space, specific shape or area that it takes up? Are there any things which don't have dimension? Is that just a contradiction? Thanks! | [
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3ozi9e | Who originally thought of Logic Gates and also how did an idea like that come to his mind in the first place? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cw3xeim",
"cw288cd"
],
"text": [
"What's wrong with WhackAMoleE's answer? It's broadly correct.\n\nThe question itself is a bit nebulous. Logic is a fundamental human faculty. Early thinkers - like Aristotle and Chrysippus of Soli - were the first to formalise it, according to records.\n\... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Henry",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Boole"
]
} | Who originally thought of Logic Gates and also how did an idea like that come to his mind in the first place?
| [
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z1xi7 | Curiosity is leaving tracks all over, how long will they last? | Given that the atmosphere is so thin on Mars, how long will these tracks last?
[Cool picture of tracks](_URL_0_) | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c60tbi2"
],
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"The surface of mars heats very quickly when turned towards the sun. Winds develop as a result of rapid temperature change due to the fact that mars has very low thermal inertia. This gives mars morning and evening breezes/winds, similar to Earth actually.\n\nFurthermore... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/multimedia/pia15694.html"
]
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"url": []
} | Curiosity is leaving tracks all over, how long will they last?
Given that the atmosphere is so thin on Mars, how long will these tracks last? [Cool picture of tracks](_URL_0_) | [
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2i1rhg | If a majority of people think something is true, does it make it true? | My brother and I had an argument and the question is, if a majority of people think something is true, does it make it true? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cky2glu",
"cky1cdp"
],
"text": [
"I would say that line of reasoning applies to moral situations, not factual ones. If the question is \"does the earth revolve around the sun\", there is empirical data to back of such a statement, data that is not subject to opinions. If the question is \... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | If a majority of people think something is true, does it make it true?
My brother and I had an argument and the question is, if a majority of people think something is true, does it make it true? | [
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76ls55 | Would the supposed "floor tile energy generators" actually work? | This is what I'm talking about: _URL_0_ | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dof2pik",
"dog13w3"
],
"text": [
"The video shows floor tiles moving about 3 cm (very rough estimate). The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8m/s/s. Let's assume a 70kg person, so the work done depressing a floor tile is 70kg * 9.8m/s/s *0.03m = 20 Joules. I would estimate that 50 steps wo... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.pavegen.com/about"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Would the supposed "floor tile energy generators" actually work?
This is what I'm talking about: _URL_0_ | [
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mlf1k | I get it was big... but what banged? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c31uogg"
],
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"I can't explain the theory to you, but I do have a bit of interesting information about its name. Fred Hoyle, who championed a rival cosmological theory, coined \"Big Bang\" (during a 50's radio broadcast) to be a term of derision, but the name was so catchy that it st... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | I get it was big... but what banged?
| [
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1ki19v | Why do physicists use re-normalization? | Doesn't the need for it imply that the mathematical models are incorrect? Do the rest of the mathematics remain consistent when the technique is taken as consistent? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cbp94ql",
"cbpf3vu"
],
"text": [
"A short answer is that we use renormalization because it gives us a description of nature that is consistent with what we observe.\n\nA longer answer would go something like this: The naive approach to quantum field theory introduces infinities. Renormal... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Why do physicists use re-normalization?
Doesn't the need for it imply that the mathematical models are incorrect? Do the rest of the mathematics remain consistent when the technique is taken as consistent? | [
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v6uxc | Help with my Thought Experiment? | I came up with this while looking over the special relativity stuff for my A Level, so I may not be able to do it because I don't know "higher" stuff, but here goes.
Imagine a perfectly smooth, spherical planet. The circumference of the circle at the widest point is 0.9 light years (it's a big planet). I, and my famil... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c51vbhz",
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],
"text": [
"assuming that you will stay on the ground (gravitational force is greater than the centripetal force) then you would have experienced the journey as taking 0.45 years. T = t /sqrt(1-v^2 /c^2 ). If you want to know if the assumption is correct, you need to... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Help with my Thought Experiment?
I came up with this while looking over the special relativity stuff for my A Level, so I may not be able to do it because I don't know "higher" stuff, but here goes. Imagine a perfectly smooth, spherical planet. The circumference of the circle at the widest point is 0.9 light years (it'... | [
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1902vz | How is this formation formed? | Hi, I found this formation really cool and would love an explanation of how this is formed.
_URL_0_ | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c8kmve5"
],
"text": [
"The type of rock appears to be bedded sandstones which has undergone jointing, and fracturing along bedding planes, as well as weathering and erosion from both wind and water (and speculatively, given the tectonic history of the region, maybe some minor faulting as well... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/EarthPorn/comments/18z8t5/sinai_desert_egypt_2534_x_1900_oc/"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Wabenverwitterung.jpg",
"http://jgslegacy.lyellcollection.org/content/22/1-2/491.short"
]
} | How is this formation formed?
Hi, I found this formation really cool and would love an explanation of how this is formed. _URL_0_ | [
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1nvzj8 | How does the liedenfrost effect work on saw-tooth-like surfaces? | I recently watched a video on the liedenfrost effect (_URL_0_), I understand why the water takes a long time to evaporate but not why it moves in a fixed direction | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ccmnuxk"
],
"text": [
"The ratchet of the substrate does not allow the gas to escape in all directions. The ratchet rectifies the gas flow, i.e., gas has an easier time to flow with the ratchet. This results in a propulsion as the droplet is effectively blowing the steam in only one direction... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=c37_1380787459"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v7/n5/full/nphys1925.html"
]
} | How does the liedenfrost effect work on saw-tooth-like surfaces?
I recently watched a video on the liedenfrost effect (_URL_0_), I understand why the water takes a long time to evaporate but not why it moves in a fixed direction | [
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klu7o | Exactly how does the Dyson Air Multiplier work? | I understand at a basic level what's going on: air is sucked in through the base, and somehow manipulated through the hoop at the top to draw in air from behind and around the unit.
How exactly is that accomplished? What properties of air are being manipulated?
[Pic](_URL_1_)
[Video](_URL_0_) | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2lawm5",
"c2lb1ls"
],
"text": [
"Their [website](_URL_0_) is helpful. Basically the air they suck up from the base is accelerated and force out the little holes making jets (the red area in the image). Its like using your thumb on the hose to make the water go further (therefore faster).... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PI_f9nFZAnk",
"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2437/4005911431_1bcb03b443_o.jpg"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.dyson.com/insideDyson/article.asp?aID=Air_Mult_Tech_Dev&hf=&js="
]
} | Exactly how does the Dyson Air Multiplier work?
I understand at a basic level what's going on: air is sucked in through the base, and somehow manipulated through the hoop at the top to draw in air from behind and around the unit. How exactly is that accomplished? What properties of air are being manipulated? [Pic](_URL... | [
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j8u6d | Voltage. Why doesn't distance seem to come into play? | My title may seem confusing... but that's just because I'm utterly confused by voltage.
If voltage is the difference in electric potential between two points, and electric potential in a point is determined only by the strength of the electric field and the distance from the field, why do electricity sources only seem... | askscience | {
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"> Shouldn't separating the two ends of a voltage source be difficult, and result in a higher voltage drop?\n\nYes, and this absolutely works if you think of an example like a parallel-plate capacitor, where you have positive charge on one ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferranti_effect"
]
} | Voltage. Why doesn't distance seem to come into play?
My title may seem confusing... but that's just because I'm utterly confused by voltage. If voltage is the difference in electric potential between two points, and electric potential in a point is determined only by the strength of the electric field and the distance... | [
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2zl9ub | Why is this snail a rock now? | _URL_0_
Instead of dust. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cpkzp43"
],
"text": [
"Odds are that this is (was) a marine species of some sort. I'm no gastropod expert, so I can't be sure about that, but a great many fossils of this type are. The reason for that is that once the snail died, the shell ended up on the floor of the ocean or lake and was bu... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://i.imgur.com/4Mfh9Qb.jpg"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Why is this snail a rock now?
_URL_0_ Instead of dust. | [
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2hqclg | How are real time statistics (player heat maps or passing percentages) generated in team sports? | I'm interested particularly in football (soccer) but I'm more than open to hearing how statistics are generated in any team sport.
For example, here is a [heat map of Lionel Messi in a recent football match for FC Barcelona](_URL_0_)
How is this data collected, analyzed and then compiled to produce things like heat map... | askscience | {
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],
"text": [
"Believe it or not, but a lot of data is actually generated by a a large bunch of guys clicking fanatically on a computer. They track every player's movement, passing etc.\n\nApparently cameras and sensors can't track everything, so data is generated manually and sometim... | {
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} | {
"url": [
"http://thesecretfootballanalyst.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/messi-granada-heat-mao.jpg"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-people-tracking-every-touch-pass-and-tackle-in-the-world-cup/"
]
} | How are real time statistics (player heat maps or passing percentages) generated in team sports?
I'm interested particularly in football (soccer) but I'm more than open to hearing how statistics are generated in any team sport. For example, here is a [heat map of Lionel Messi in a recent football match for FC Barcelona... | [
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1g4fbo | Unknown precipitate in electrolysis process. | Yesterday I made a simple electrolysis unit out of a water bottle and used two paper clips as my cathode and anode. After running a current through a NaCl solution for approximately 7 minutes, a brown precipitate started to form on the surface of the newly separated solution. What was this brown precipitate? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cago6x3",
"cags5e9"
],
"text": [
"Likely iron oxides/hyrdoxides. Did the paper clips become 'rusty'?",
"If you weigh the anode paper clip before and after, it should get lighter from iron being reduced and going into solution. You should also see bubbles at the cathode. I don't know y... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Unknown precipitate in electrolysis process.
Yesterday I made a simple electrolysis unit out of a water bottle and used two paper clips as my cathode and anode. After running a current through a NaCl solution for approximately 7 minutes, a brown precipitate started to form on the surface of the newly separated solution... | [
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17gvmd | Why would I need to know the specific gravity of a Loctite compound? | While looking at the item here: _URL_0_, I saw the final spec being a specific gravity of 1.16. All of the other specs are useful, but in what kind of situation would I need to know that? I have an automotive background and I was ordering Loctite to temporarily band-aid a slipping carrier bearing race in a Dana 44. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c85i7cd"
],
"text": [
"The full [datasheet](_URL_0_) is actually even more detailed and specifies the viscosity too. It looks like this particular adhesive is sold in large quantities for industrial applications also, not just to consumers. In industrial applications knowing specific gravit... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.all-spec.com/products/62015.html"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://tds.loctite.com/tds5/docs/620-EN.pdf"
]
} | Why would I need to know the specific gravity of a Loctite compound?
While looking at the item here: _URL_0_, I saw the final spec being a specific gravity of 1.16. All of the other specs are useful, but in what kind of situation would I need to know that? I have an automotive background and I was ordering Loctite to t... | [
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6qsfdt | How does one find the activation threshold of a diode? | I've been tinkering with some electrical circuits as inspired by my physics class and while graphing some different kinds of diodes under rising voltage, I noticed the before they come a mostly constant resistance they a sometimes slow, sometimes fast ramp up, looking a lot like an exponentional function. What causes t... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dkzwg44",
"dkznslm"
],
"text": [
"The theoretically ideal PN diode has the voltage-current relationship \n\nI = I_d (e^V/Vth - 1)\n\nThis is the Shockley Diode Law. I is the current through the diode, V is the voltage across it, I_d is the reverse bias saturation current and Vth is the th... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How does one find the activation threshold of a diode?
I've been tinkering with some electrical circuits as inspired by my physics class and while graphing some different kinds of diodes under rising voltage, I noticed the before they come a mostly constant resistance they a sometimes slow, sometimes fast ramp up, look... | [
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1vwegr | What are some of the more pertinent differences and comparisons between a pacemaker and a defibrillator? | Particularly where it concerns the elderly, but anything at all would be wonderfully awesome to hear. Thanks! | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cewuu9q",
"cexgthp"
],
"text": [
"A [pacemaker](_URL_0_) is a device surgically implanted into the chest, with wires in direct contact with the muscle of the heart. The purpose of a pacemaker is to keep the heart beating at an appropriate rate. \n\nNormally, the heart stimulates itself to... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_cardiac_pacemaker",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sick_sinus_syndrome",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implantable_cardioverter-defibrillator",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinoatrial_node",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrillation",
"http:... | What are some of the more pertinent differences and comparisons between a pacemaker and a defibrillator?
Particularly where it concerns the elderly, but anything at all would be wonderfully awesome to hear. Thanks! | [
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c1zws7 | How do astronomical observatories make self-positioning? | If they have static "earth" coordinates, do they consider tectonic plates movement?
If they constantly calculate their coordinates what points they use for the references?
What the coordinate system do they use and where is origin of this system? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"eri6dz5",
"erhqgmp"
],
"text": [
"Hello, amateur astronomer here. I agree with my learned geologist friend that the baseline is where we know where to expect celestial bodies. This can quite easily be calculated using historic movements whilst factoring in other variables such as gravity ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How do astronomical observatories make self-positioning?
If they have static "earth" coordinates, do they consider tectonic plates movement? If they constantly calculate their coordinates what points they use for the references? What the coordinate system do they use and where is origin of this system? | [
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6g7wor | Why is there a dotted image on the side of public bus windows? | [deleted] | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dip84sj"
],
"text": [
"It's called frit. Has a number of purposes- it's ceramic based paint that helps the adhesive bond to the window in the mount. It also minimizes UV reducing its ability to break down the sealant. \n\nAnd, I've heard they think it makes a car more appealing- so you don't ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Why is there a dotted image on the side of public bus windows?
[deleted] | [
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1mciy9 | What are the mechanics behind humans being so adept at guessing the time? | What do we know about the human brain and it's estimation of how long time has passed?
Not exactly '*keeping time*', but being cut off from all recognisable sources of time's progression and still having the ability to say that "It's been five minutes.", when just 4:54 seconds have passed. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cc7wprp",
"cc7wa7q"
],
"text": [
"I thought we were notoriously bad at it? And that it varies hugely depending on person to person and things like age.",
"There's a couple of problems with that question. One, humans vary a lot in their ability to do this accurately. The other is tha... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What are the mechanics behind humans being so adept at guessing the time?
What do we know about the human brain and it's estimation of how long time has passed? Not exactly '*keeping time*', but being cut off from all recognisable sources of time's progression and still having the ability to say that "It's been five mi... | [
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1batg0 | Q from my 5-year old: did dinosaurs have boogers? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c957s07"
],
"text": [
"[Birds are more likely related to dinosaurs](_URL_1_), rather than reptiles to dinosaurs, and birds do get [nasal mucus](_URL_0_).\n\nA booger by any other name is still a [booger](_URL_2_)."
],
"score": [
54
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.birds-online.de/gesundheit/gesinfektion/erkaeltung_en.htm",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_birds",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinorrhea"
]
} | Q from my 5-year old: did dinosaurs have boogers?
| [
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jwe03 | I took a summer course in biochemistry and the professor said it was bad to eat while you study? Why is this? | He never really explained it and I didn't think to ask unti now... any reasonable explanation for this?
I'm generally curious. I'm studying right now so I don't want to jinx myself by grabbing a snack.
Since ive heard that i've always taken a complete break to go off and eat or whatever. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"From this article: _URL_0_\nIn short: When you eat, your stomach secretes acid. The protons secreted in the stomach acid come from your blood stream. These protons are ultimately reabsorbed so that it stays in balance, but there is a per... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_Tide",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperventilation",
"http://www.ama-med.org.ar/obesidad/Factores_ambientales.pdf"
]
} | I took a summer course in biochemistry and the professor said it was bad to eat while you study? Why is this?
He never really explained it and I didn't think to ask unti now... any reasonable explanation for this? I'm generally curious. I'm studying right now so I don't want to jinx myself by grabbing a snack. Since iv... | [
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51nk8c | If one were to artificially increase the hydronium ion concentration in the intermembrane space in the mitochondria to a huge amount, could you force the electron transport chain to work backwards? | The transfer of electrons from one electron carrier to the next is favorable at every step of the electron transport chain, thus every subsequent carrier has a higher reduction potential than the last. This favorable passage of electrons works to create the concentration gradient of hydronium ions on either side of the... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"d7ephjk",
"d7elss0"
],
"text": [
"Yes and no. The components of the electron transport chain can be made to run in reverse in the sense that electrons can be made to flow backwards, but the proton pumping of the electron transport chain does not work in reverse [ref1](_URL_1_), [ref2](_UR... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1133807/",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605959/",
"http://www.bioscirep.org/content/ppbioscirep/17/3/259.full.pdf",
"http://www.life.illinois.edu/crofts/bioph354/lect11.html"
]
} | If one were to artificially increase the hydronium ion concentration in the intermembrane space in the mitochondria to a huge amount, could you force the electron transport chain to work backwards?
The transfer of electrons from one electron carrier to the next is favorable at every step of the electron transport chain... | [
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33hp4a | Eridanus Supervoid, how is it that something that large can be completely empty? | Also, is it possible for galaxies to move inside the supervoid and fill it out? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cql9e27"
],
"text": [
"1. It's not completely empty. There's still stuff there, just a lot less than the average of the universe. One principle of cosmology is the idea that at very large distances, the universe \"looks the same\" in any direction. Imagine you have a jar. You carefully lay a ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Eridanus Supervoid, how is it that something that large can be completely empty?
Also, is it possible for galaxies to move inside the supervoid and fill it out? | [
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6gx3gd | Where exactly are the nodes of a free vibrating rod? | According to one [source](_URL_0_) the nodes of a vibrating rod are about 22% from either end.
Why "about 22%"? Unfortunately they don't give any explanation and I could only find calculations for rods that are fixed at one or both ends. I wonder: What is the exact number for a free vibrating rod and how can it be cal... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"diu2qzu"
],
"text": [
"The short answer is \"because transverse (bending) vibration modes are tricky\".\n\nThe behaviour of a vibrating string is similar to that of vibrating columns of air or longitudinal waves in solid materials. These waves are governed by:\n\nd^2 u / dt^2 = A d^2 u / dx^2... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.phy.mtu.edu/~suits/rodvib.html"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Where exactly are the nodes of a free vibrating rod?
According to one [source](_URL_0_) the nodes of a vibrating rod are about 22% from either end. Why "about 22%"? Unfortunately they don't give any explanation and I could only find calculations for rods that are fixed at one or both ends. I wonder: What is the exact n... | [
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3np49w | Where is the mistake in this line of thinking? | This just occured to me:
Imagine an arbitrarily-sized cube of water placed next to a cube of metal of the same mass. Both cubes are 80 degrees C.
Water has a specific heat capacity of 4.18 J/gK. The metal, however, has a much lower specific heat capacity. This leads me to believe the water, being at the same temperat... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"Your mistake is thinking that amount of energy (or energy density) is what determines energy flow, when really it is entropy that determines it. \n\nAs you know, heat will flow from a higher temperature object to a lower temperature object. In an ideal ga... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
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"url": []
} | Where is the mistake in this line of thinking?
This just occured to me: Imagine an arbitrarily-sized cube of water placed next to a cube of metal of the same mass. Both cubes are 80 degrees C. Water has a specific heat capacity of 4.18 J/gK. The metal, however, has a much lower specific heat capacity. This leads me to ... | [
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8aljix | Is There a GR Equivalent of the Light Clock? What About an SR Equivalent for Lorentz Contraction? | So the light clock, two mirrors spaced apart at a certain distance with a pulse of light bouncing between them, is an elegant way to describe time dilation: If the speed of light is constant in all reference frames one can clearly see that the pulse of light that takes 1 second to bounce between two mirrors 1 light-sec... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"dx1jdss"
],
"text": [
"You can rotate the clock by 90 degrees (now going forward/backward) and derive length contraction.\n\nGravitational time dilation can be derived by looking at repeated pair production and radiation going up/down in gravitational fields. Start with an electron/positron p... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Is There a GR Equivalent of the Light Clock? What About an SR Equivalent for Lorentz Contraction?
So the light clock, two mirrors spaced apart at a certain distance with a pulse of light bouncing between them, is an elegant way to describe time dilation: If the speed of light is constant in all reference frames one can... | [
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jgqr3 | We need help with a mathematical problem | Okay, five friends and I were on a bus ride to southern France, when the person seated next to me was bored. So was I, thus we decided to play a game of cards. It is basically the most simple card game ever, with few rules. At home (the Netherlands) it is known as 'Higher-Lower' or 'War'.
The rules are:
* There are ... | askscience | {
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"Actually calculating the chances are much harder than running simulations on a computer program, which has been done. If you're fine with just empirical evidence than the link below should be satisfactory.\n\n[War Statistics]... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_%28card_game%29#Statistics"
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} | We need help with a mathematical problem
Okay, five friends and I were on a bus ride to southern France, when the person seated next to me was bored. So was I, thus we decided to play a game of cards. It is basically the most simple card game ever, with few rules. At home (the Netherlands) it is known as 'Higher-Lower'... | [
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zb5uu | What are some interesting evolutionary reasons for common bodily functions/reactions? | I'm interested in more in-depth and lesser known things than having the urge to urinate or defecate due to the fight or flight response, or getting goosebumps when creeped out or cold to make ourselves appear bigger or trap heat near the skin, respectively.
I mean stuff like the 'lump' in our throat when we get sad or... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c631tvy"
],
"text": [
"I'm not sure if this meets your \"less known\" criterion, but I've always found the evolutionary explanation for the [disgust](_URL_0_) expression to be quite interesting. Essentially the idea is that the typical reaction limits the exposure of our vulnerable mucus memb... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disgust#Evolutionary_significance"
]
} | What are some interesting evolutionary reasons for common bodily functions/reactions?
I'm interested in more in-depth and lesser known things than having the urge to urinate or defecate due to the fight or flight response, or getting goosebumps when creeped out or cold to make ourselves appear bigger or trap heat near ... | [
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p5ujj | How much damage does a lye burn actually cause? | I was watching Fight Club recently with my father and during the part where the narrator's hand is burned with lye my father said that since the lye was left on for such a long time it would have caused much greater damage to his hand, burning through bones, tendons, etc. Is what the movie displays any where near factu... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Very few things can burn through tendons and bones in that period of time."
],
"score": [
2
]
} | {
"url": []
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"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How much damage does a lye burn actually cause?
I was watching Fight Club recently with my father and during the part where the narrator's hand is burned with lye my father said that since the lye was left on for such a long time it would have caused much greater damage to his hand, burning through bones, tendons, etc.... | [
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qmh2q | Sound and acoustics question | How is sound "made" from two different objects hitting each other? I.e. dropping a glass on the floor will result in a loud crash. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3yqec8"
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"text": [
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],
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4
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} | {
"url": []
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} | Sound and acoustics question
How is sound "made" from two different objects hitting each other? I.e. dropping a glass on the floor will result in a loud crash. | [
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7x0qdx | What is the social behavior of tardigrades? Do and if so, how do tardigrades interact with one another? | Googling doesn't answer that question and the literature on Google Scholar and pubmed is too high of a threshold to dig through for me as a layperson. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"There are multiple species of tardigrade. Some are hermaphrodite, many are predominantly female. It appears that they are mostly solitary, with no real evidence of social behavior aside from mating. Many reproduce parthenogenically.\n\n\"Normally the indi... | {
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"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.baertierchen.de/wb_dez03.html"
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} | What is the social behavior of tardigrades? Do and if so, how do tardigrades interact with one another?
Googling doesn't answer that question and the literature on Google Scholar and pubmed is too high of a threshold to dig through for me as a layperson. | [
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ycddr | My dad and I found these amazing mushrooms near my house. Can anyone identify them? | [here](_URL_0_) These popped up over a few days and then were gone. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5ui7e3"
],
"text": [
"I agree with Wingfinger.\n\nI would also suggest that you give some information about where you are (at elast what country/region).\n\nUnfortunately, without a picture of gills (the underside of the cap), a definitive identification may be difficult if not impossible. F... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://imgur.com/a/3wexh"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | My dad and I found these amazing mushrooms near my house. Can anyone identify them?
[here](_URL_0_) These popped up over a few days and then were gone. | [
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12a08v | Life-coaching. Is this a real field with science behind it or is it simply a rebranding of psychology. | askscience | {
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"text": [
"At least in the US, psychologists are certified by the state they are in, regulated by the APA and have either a masters or doctorate in psychology from an accredited university. They are qualified to treat mental illnesses and legally provide counselling... | {
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} | {
"url": []
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} | Life-coaching. Is this a real field with science behind it or is it simply a rebranding of psychology.
| [
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kviwf | Why does the "egg trick" work? | [Video](_URL_0_) of said trick.
The standard "oxygen is all used up" that I've always heard doesn't do it for me. Combustion of hydrocarbons:
Hydrocarbon + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O + energy
So we have two moles of O2 going in, with one mole of carbon dioxide and 2 moles of water vapor coming out. At the temperature the c... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2nkaav"
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"text": [
"You're overthinking this. Fire is hot, it causes gas to expand. The gasses in the immediate area of the flame are several hundred degrees, they're much less dense than the surrounding atmosphere. After the fire goes out, the heat dissipates (mostly via IR radiation),... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXiGnNMEgJs"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Why does the "egg trick" work?
[Video](_URL_0_) of said trick. The standard "oxygen is all used up" that I've always heard doesn't do it for me. Combustion of hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbon + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O + energy So we have two moles of O2 going in, with one mole of carbon dioxide and 2 moles of water vapor coming ou... | [
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toba5 | Isn't it more efficient to run with our arms down? | I understand our ancestors and evolution means we move all our limbs when we run. But wouldn't it save energy to run without swinging our arms or atleast not move them as much? I recall a female Chinese marathon runner in the olympics who did this and wondered why more people don't do this, especially in marathons. | askscience | {
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"_URL_0_\n\nThe arms move in order to compensate for the motion of your legs. The best form for running suggests swing your arms as parallel to your body as possible so that you cam maintain the forward momentum and no energy is wasted through side-to-side motion."
],
... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running#Upper_body_motion"
]
} | Isn't it more efficient to run with our arms down?
I understand our ancestors and evolution means we move all our limbs when we run. But wouldn't it save energy to run without swinging our arms or atleast not move them as much? I recall a female Chinese marathon runner in the olympics who did this and wondered why more... | [
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o883m | Is it alright to run in -10 degree weather? | Canadian here, -10 celsius and lower.
How do I do this without hurting myself at all? I don't mean the ice, I mean the cold air in my lungs when I breathe, how do I get over that? Is running in the cold actually OK for you, or is it bad to do for your body and health? How would I go about preventing harm to myself i... | askscience | {
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"The cold air will not affect your lungs, the air should sufficiently be warmed by the time it reaches them. You'll want to protect yourself against frostbite, as always, but make sure that your protective clothing breathes t... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Is it alright to run in -10 degree weather?
Canadian here, -10 celsius and lower. How do I do this without hurting myself at all? I don't mean the ice, I mean the cold air in my lungs when I breathe, how do I get over that? Is running in the cold actually OK for you, or is it bad to do for your body and health? How wou... | [
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17l49i | I live at high altitude (2600m); are there any cool experiments or effects I can observe or try out? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c86ke0x"
],
"text": [
"Train your cardio. Go visit some friends at sea level and impress them with your infinite stamina. (The science: Living that high causes you to make more red blood cells to carry more O2 since you get less O2 on each breath, so going back to sea level you have an impres... | {
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} | I live at high altitude (2600m); are there any cool experiments or effects I can observe or try out?
| [
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1cpc92 | What could be the estimated economic cost / impact of events in Boston? | Some points that come to mind:
- Injuries / deaths
- Infrastructure damage
- Cost of the manhunt
- City lockdown and lost productivity
I understand that lives are much more important than anything else but just wanted to get a bigger picture.
Thanks.
| askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c9iq3ih"
],
"text": [
"Most of the economic harm is probably going to be to the individuals that are going to be left with disabling injuries. Honestly, the destruction and damage was pretty minor compared to the fertilizer plant explosion which happened in Texas the a few days after."
],
... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What could be the estimated economic cost / impact of events in Boston?
Some points that come to mind: - Injuries / deaths - Infrastructure damage - Cost of the manhunt - City lockdown and lost productivity I understand that lives are much more important than anything else but just wanted to get a bigger picture. Thank... | [
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93zkov | Do Platypuses or any other monotremes experience flatulence? | Do Platypuses or Ecidnas fart? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"I don't know, but you might be interested in [this book](_URL_0_)! ;)"
],
"score": [
2
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.amazon.ca/Does-Fart-Definitive-Animal-Flatulence/dp/0316484156"
]
} | Do Platypuses or any other monotremes experience flatulence?
Do Platypuses or Ecidnas fart? | [
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13ud45 | I have a question about Pavlovian conditioning. | I am wondering what exactly would happen if you did this:
You create three tones. One the pitch of middle "C", The second an octave above middle "C", and the third an octave below middle "C".
Every single time you play the low pitch, you shock the dog. Every time you play the high octave, you feed the dog a treat. ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c77el6q",
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],
"text": [
"It could get generalized to either of the two responses. It is more likely that it will not bring forth any response, though that may depend on how the middle C functioned during the conditioning process. If there was no stimulous matched with it then the... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | I have a question about Pavlovian conditioning.
I am wondering what exactly would happen if you did this: You create three tones. One the pitch of middle "C", The second an octave above middle "C", and the third an octave below middle "C". Every single time you play the low pitch, you shock the dog. Every time you play... | [
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inrwo | For mathematical questions, /r/math is more than willing to help, and likely better suited. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2583p3"
],
"text": [
"Does my question qualify for this? I saw it as more a physics issue, but it is expressed mathematically:\n\n[My Question](_URL_0_)"
],
"score": [
2
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/insd0/how_can_i_calculate_the_acceleration_of_a_vehicle/"
]
} | For mathematical questions, /r/math is more than willing to help, and likely better suited.
| [
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njiaw | Why is it called the Schroedinger wave equation instead of the Schroedinger diffusion equation? | In order to be an actual wave equation, doesn't it have to be second order in both the time and spatial variables? The Schroedinger equation is second order only in the spatial variables while it is first order in the time variable, so wouldn't that make it a diffusion equation, and not a wave equation?
Unless I am m... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c39lvc2"
],
"text": [
"The Schrodinger equation is a diffusion equation (first derivative in time prop to second derivative in position), but don't worry the Dirac equation is really a wave equation. \n\nI've heard this complaint before; but I can't ever recall hearing it be called the Schro... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Why is it called the Schroedinger wave equation instead of the Schroedinger diffusion equation?
In order to be an actual wave equation, doesn't it have to be second order in both the time and spatial variables? The Schroedinger equation is second order only in the spatial variables while it is first order in the time v... | [
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rhmnh | Is it possible to create an "icethrower"? (Like a flamethrower but cold) Or are powers like that of Iceman impossible? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c45vxte",
"c45vr3a"
],
"text": [
"As opposed to heating radiation (infrared, for example) you cannot emit cooling radiation, which means that the only way to cool something is to throw a cold substance at it -- preferably one that goes through a phase change like liquid nitrogen or \"dry ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Is it possible to create an "icethrower"? (Like a flamethrower but cold) Or are powers like that of Iceman impossible?
| [
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n8kpd | How would a scientific lab break Doritos down into its component parts? | I'm thinking about reverse-engineering Doritos. How would a trained scientist go about it?
As a layman, I thought I would start by shaking the powder off the chips into a bottle, and then I could use a series of fine meshes to separate out larger particles.
There have to be more sophisticated methods. I bet there's... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c375bl9",
"c376cab"
],
"text": [
"You can first do a physical separation, as you proposed.\n\nI think I would use a suitable solvent - or a group of suitable solvents, and blend the chips to a mush. Then one can do separation on the compounds via a number of chromatography techniques befo... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_spectroscopy",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_layer_chromatography",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-performance_liquid_chromatography"
]
} | How would a scientific lab break Doritos down into its component parts?
I'm thinking about reverse-engineering Doritos. How would a trained scientist go about it? As a layman, I thought I would start by shaking the powder off the chips into a bottle, and then I could use a series of fine meshes to separate out larger p... | [
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oiy2k | How close are we to having Star Trek like deflector shields? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3ho7jf"
],
"text": [
"[Here](_URL_0_).\n\nSome of it seems rather recent. Apparently they came up with some sort of plasma bubble that protects the contents from radiation..."
],
"score": [
5
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_field#Scientific_research"
]
} | How close are we to having Star Trek like deflector shields?
| [
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x2ync | Found this "rock" 15 years ago, finally trying to figure out what it is. | I found this about 15 years ago (the 33 sticker is because this was the 33'rd unknown specimen from my collection). It was located on the shore of Lake Ontario near Selkirk Shores (Pulaski, NY).
The object itself weighs about 1.5lbs, is cloudy mostly but somewhat clear. It is full of air bubbles and one bubble shown... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c5ippra",
"c5iuvec",
"c5ipqd7"
],
"text": [
"It's glass. GIS for Conchoidal fracture or slag glass rock. Possibly from a glass factory (slag).",
"This is most likely a glass slag sample that was dropped in water and cooled very quickly. This would explain the fluid inclusions (mos... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://youtu.be/YGyMjKl8ad4",
"http://imgur.com/a/PboM7/"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Found this "rock" 15 years ago, finally trying to figure out what it is.
I found this about 15 years ago (the 33 sticker is because this was the 33'rd unknown specimen from my collection). It was located on the shore of Lake Ontario near Selkirk Shores (Pulaski, NY). The object itself weighs about 1.5lbs, is cloudy mos... | [
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lqb2w | What is our body's main functioning "radiator"? | So I understand that the main source of heat is just our general metabolism (glycolysis and all that good business), but when it comes to maintaining homeostasis is this just happening in all non-specialized cells? Is it happening mainly in fat storage? Forgive me if this is trivial but it's pretty damn cold here :P. ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"c2uvxwf",
"c2usi7m"
],
"text": [
"I always understood the liver as one of the main heat engines. I would also wager the stomach has a significant contribution. I'm sure you would know more than I what goes on in these organs. \n\n > As in other mammals, therm... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoregulation",
"http://books.google.com/books?id=b7Dc9bOs9uAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22N.+V.+Bhagavan%22&hl=en&ei=k8qoTvrrMeneiAKumOS1Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=brown%20adi... | What is our body's main functioning "radiator"?
So I understand that the main source of heat is just our general metabolism (glycolysis and all that good business), but when it comes to maintaining homeostasis is this just happening in all non-specialized cells? Is it happening mainly in fat storage? Forgive me if this... | [
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1mcnwc | What do all the little silver dots do on my computer's motherboard? | _URL_0_
I opened by laptop today to do "repairs" (replacing the fan) and I noticed all these little silver dots on the motherboard. I understand in concept what something like a processor does or what a video card does, but what, physically, are these little silver dots doing? Do they regulate electricity? Or direct s... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cc81cgq"
],
"text": [
"The circuit board for your computer consists of several layers, and those dots are where those layers interconnect. They are called vias, and Wikipedia has a [decent article about them](_URL_0_); particularly note the cross-section pictures and diagrams.\n\nEdit: fixed ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://i.imgur.com/IQcOkJQ.jpg"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_%28electronics%29"
]
} | What do all the little silver dots do on my computer's motherboard?
_URL_0_ I opened by laptop today to do "repairs" (replacing the fan) and I noticed all these little silver dots on the motherboard. I understand in concept what something like a processor does or what a video card does, but what, physically, are these ... | [
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tlze3 | Alien race arrives. Assuming we can provide them with sustenance, what resources/specialists would be needed to determine what they can consume? | I'm imagining an alien ship arriving with several of their species - very different from humans, but with understandable anatomy. They are made entirely of organic matter, have no food of their own for us to imitate, are willing to be examined (but likely not killed or dissected), cannot communicate with us in any help... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c4nrypj"
],
"text": [
"First off: This scenario is highly improbable. A civilization capable of space flight is also quite capable of determining what they can and cannot eat. \n\nHowever, if this did happen and someone put me in charge of figuring out what our alien friends ate, I would perf... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Alien race arrives. Assuming we can provide them with sustenance, what resources/specialists would be needed to determine what they can consume?
I'm imagining an alien ship arriving with several of their species - very different from humans, but with understandable anatomy. They are made entirely of organic matter, hav... | [
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paauu | How does a successful advertising affect our brain? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c3ntmjl",
"c3ntzeg",
"c3ntv8r"
],
"text": [
"Geoffrey Miller:\n > From my perspective as an evolutionary psychologist, this is how consumerist capitalism really works: it makes us forget our natural adaptations for showing off desirable fitness-related traits. It deludes us into thin... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How does a successful advertising affect our brain?
| [
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140xm6 | Is there such a thing as an implosive chemical reaction? | One that happens quickly like the opposite of an explosion? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c78wsce",
"c78wwso"
],
"text": [
"In general, any gas-phase reaction that reduces the number of molecules in the sample would be an implosion. Take hydrogen and oxygen, blended in a 2:1 mole ratio. Upon setting the mixture off, by for example a match, every two moles of hydrogen will reac... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Is there such a thing as an implosive chemical reaction?
One that happens quickly like the opposite of an explosion? | [
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13yn9f | How high would I have to climb to be able to see California from New York? | Let's pretend I'm free climbing up the space elevator. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c78cpl3",
"c78el6u"
],
"text": [
"d=1.22(sqrt(h)) is an approximation for heights significantly less than the radius of the earth. Unfortunately, 2,443.79 miles is not significantly less than 3,959 miles for Re in the mathematical approximation used for d=1.22(sqrt(h)).\n\nThe following w... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | How high would I have to climb to be able to see California from New York?
Let's pretend I'm free climbing up the space elevator. | [
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3lo7at | Can you draw length "e" ? | I was reading transcendental numbers. Then i thought i can theoretically draw a perfect circle, cut it and get pi. But i couldn't think of a way to draw exact length of e. Is there a way ? Thanks in advance
| askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cv8j31x",
"cv8aluw"
],
"text": [
"Interesting challenge. Of course there's no hope of doing a classical compass and straightedge construction of a transcendental number. So the problem comes down to finding some easy visualization of a line segment of length e. \n\nHere is one idea. We kn... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_logarithm#Definitions",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squaring_the_circle",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructible_number"
]
} | Can you draw length "e" ?
I was reading transcendental numbers. Then i thought i can theoretically draw a perfect circle, cut it and get pi. But i couldn't think of a way to draw exact length of e. Is there a way ? Thanks in advance | [
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qxp6y | Can someone please explain to me what this is on the weather map and how it formed like this? | I was looking at the weather today and I noticed something I haven't seen before. It appears to be a circle with a few rings of clouds on the radar. Take a look here. _URL_0_
Edit. Here is a gif I made of it. _URL_1_ On radar it lasted almost an hour.
Edit 2. I looked at the size of the circle and found out that i... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c419u37",
"c41a8x2"
],
"text": [
"I see the radar site!\n\nWeather radar sometimes misbehaves with cloud formations too close to the system. I'd bet good money this station's radar data comes from a site in Aberdeen.",
"It looks like there's a malfunction. The way Doppler radar works... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://i.imgur.com/CSinp.jpg",
"http://imgur.com/QVmKc"
]
} | {
"url": []
} | Can someone please explain to me what this is on the weather map and how it formed like this?
I was looking at the weather today and I noticed something I haven't seen before. It appears to be a circle with a few rings of clouds on the radar. Take a look here. _URL_0_ Edit. Here is a gif I made of it. _URL_1_ On radar ... | [
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12tza0 | What are emergent properties? | I don't mean the dictionary version, but how is it possible to get conciseness from brain cells or brain cells from molecules. Even things like viscosity and elasticity seem to come from nowhere (to me). | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c6y7cr5"
],
"text": [
"Emergent properties are those that you get \"for free\" when you specify the more basic laws. They come about as a result of simpler interactions, but behave regularly enough that it's easier to make up a new concept to describe them."
],
"score": [
2
]
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What are emergent properties?
I don't mean the dictionary version, but how is it possible to get conciseness from brain cells or brain cells from molecules. Even things like viscosity and elasticity seem to come from nowhere (to me). | [
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