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klnjj | AskScience AMA series- Requests & Volunteers III | It's been a while since we had any AMAs (Ask Me Anything posts) around these parts and we want to reinvigorate the series.
The way these work is that you can volunteer here in this post or request an AskScientist do an AMA. We will then schedule approximately one AMA per week at the convenience of the AskScientists. ... | askscience | {
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} | AskScience AMA series- Requests & Volunteers III
It's been a while since we had any AMAs (Ask Me Anything posts) around these parts and we want to reinvigorate the series. The way these work is that you can volunteer here in this post or request an AskScientist do an AMA. We will then schedule approximately one AMA per... | [
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wwksa | (Scientific method) Acceptable hypotheses: dark energy and phlogiston | I'm not sure how to phrase my question simply, so please forgive me for trying to explain by example. I also don't have any background in physics beyond the AP level, so maybe there are just some technical details I'm not getting.
Consider if you were an early chemist, researching the properties of then-generally-acce... | askscience | {
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} | (Scientific method) Acceptable hypotheses: dark energy and phlogiston
I'm not sure how to phrase my question simply, so please forgive me for trying to explain by example. I also don't have any background in physics beyond the AP level, so maybe there are just some technical details I'm not getting. Consider if you wer... | [
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920443 | If we say sharks as a species are roughly 400M yrs old, does this mean that sharks from back then could theoretically interbreed with today’s sharks? | askscience | {
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} | If we say sharks as a species are roughly 400M yrs old, does this mean that sharks from back then could theoretically interbreed with today’s sharks?
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1sqaq8 | What is believed to be original form of self-propagating biological information? | I know a fair amount about biochemistry, and the leading hypotheses seem to lean toward an RNA-based beginning based on the observation that RNA can act both as a catalyst and information carrier. But it seems like a non-trivial critical volume of biological information is needed for self-propagation.
I'd be intereste... | askscience | {
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} | What is believed to be original form of self-propagating biological information?
I know a fair amount about biochemistry, and the leading hypotheses seem to lean toward an RNA-based beginning based on the observation that RNA can act both as a catalyst and information carrier. But it seems like a non-trivial critical v... | [
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1icgyf | Are there any places on Earth that were undiscovered before the advent of satellite imaging? | I mean things like islands, rivers, etc. I assume that most, if not all landmasses were discovered before satellites, but I'm curious if there are any notable places that we didn't know about before we could see the whole world from above! | askscience | {
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I mean things like islands, rivers, etc. I assume that most, if not all landmasses were discovered before satellites, but I'm curious if there are any notable places that we didn't know about before we could see the whole world... | [
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ro9ja | To what degree to research ethical standards "slow down" scientific discovery? | askscience | {
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ms3hg | Can a mass spectrometer wipe a credit card or computer hard drive? | Our organic chemistry teacher just gave a lecture strongly discouraging us from bringing even cell phones or watches into the lab when we're using a mass spectrometer. Is she as crazy and paranoid as I've always assumed, or is there a real risk of the magnetic field the machine generates causing problems? | askscience | {
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se8j8 | Does speed reading actually work? | By that I mean with little reading comprehension loss. | askscience | {
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15k4go | How does leaving an avocado pit in guacamole prevent the dip from browning? | My sister-in-law taught me this. When you make guacamole, if you throw in an avocado pit, the guac won't turn brown. Even just 1 pit in a big bowl works. Any ideas as to the reason this happens? | askscience | {
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My sister-in-law taught me this. When you make guacamole, if you throw in an avocado pit, the guac won't turn brown. Even just 1 pit in a big bowl works. Any ideas as to the reason this happens? | [
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2xcmls | Why schools are teaching wrong information about how the sun works? | Everybody I know thinks that sun works because in the core there's so much pressure and heat that it will force the atoms to collide.
I've been studying things a lot on my own and all advanced science sources state that the sun works because of quantum tunneling.
What's the point of teaching the wrong stuff? Because ... | askscience | {
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Everybody I know thinks that sun works because in the core there's so much pressure and heat that it will force the atoms to collide. I've been studying things a lot on my own and all advanced science sources state that the sun works because of quantum... | [
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34qjwo | How are entangled particles found and chosen for experiments? | Two labs on opposite sides of the earth (or down the hall, doesn't matter) measuring spins.
How do they choose the 2 particles to measure? How can they pick out two particles, know that they are entangled, separate them, transport them and start measuring their spins? Can't chuck in any old particle you find floating ... | askscience | {
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Two labs on opposite sides of the earth (or down the hall, doesn't matter) measuring spins. How do they choose the 2 particles to measure? How can they pick out two particles, know that they are entangled, separate them, transport them and start measuring th... | [
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11njvs | NASA/JPL Climate Scientist Josh Willis AMA - with focus on how to get started on an Earth science career | EDIT 10/18/12 10:30am PDT:
This AMA is over but I'll continue to check here for new questions and post responses as my schedule allows. Thanks everyone!
I'm a climate scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory who studies global warming and its impact on the ocean. I'm also the Project Scientist for Jason-3, the ... | askscience | {
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} | NASA/JPL Climate Scientist Josh Willis AMA - with focus on how to get started on an Earth science career
EDIT 10/18/12 10:30am PDT: This AMA is over but I'll continue to check here for new questions and post responses as my schedule allows. Thanks everyone! I'm a climate scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory wh... | [
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ioirm | What's the (theoretical or practical) least-painful form of death? | I saw the thread earlier today about rollercoasters and oxygen deprivation/etc., so I was curious (not suicidal!) about what the least painful form of death would be? Props for links to white papers or studies, btw.
I've always imagined that the current barbiturate soup they give you in the first step of the American ... | askscience | {
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} | What's the (theoretical or practical) least-painful form of death?
I saw the thread earlier today about rollercoasters and oxygen deprivation/etc., so I was curious (not suicidal!) about what the least painful form of death would be? Props for links to white papers or studies, btw. I've always imagined that the current... | [
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3hgmm7 | How can more than one species of tree exist under what appears to be virtually the same environment, considering the competitive exclusion principle? | For those not clear, the competitive exclusion principle, also known as Gause's law of competitive exclusion or simply "Gause's law", states that two or more species competing for the exact same resources cannot coexist under the same conditions if all/other ecological factors remain constant. This is because if one ... | askscience | {
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} | How can more than one species of tree exist under what appears to be virtually the same environment, considering the competitive exclusion principle?
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wvok4 | Why is it that the speed of airflow from the back of a hairdryer is much lower than that of what it's blowing at the front. | A fellow redditor's question about hairdryer reminded me of this. Why is it that when you turn on the hair dryer, in the back, there's only a gentle breeze but out the front is a full on motherfucking turbo jet?
Shouldn't the positive pressure out the front be equal to the negative pressure at the back, and thus pull... | askscience | {
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} | Why is it that the speed of airflow from the back of a hairdryer is much lower than that of what it's blowing at the front.
A fellow redditor's question about hairdryer reminded me of this. Why is it that when you turn on the hair dryer, in the back, there's only a gentle breeze but out the front is a full on motherfuc... | [
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3y7dpi | When I'm on an airplane and I look straight ahead during takeoff or landing, I feel like I can see that the plane is pointed up or down. Can I really, or does my brain just extrapolate based on other information to create this illusion? | My relative position in the plane stays the same in takeoff or landing, so why am I able to see that we are pointed up or down when I'm just looking straight ahead? | askscience | {
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"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki... | When I'm on an airplane and I look straight ahead during takeoff or landing, I feel like I can see that the plane is pointed up or down. Can I really, or does my brain just extrapolate based on other information to create this illusion?
My relative position in the plane stays the same in takeoff or landing, so why am I... | [
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2s4szm | Dark Matter question: Are WIMPs a) particles in the standard model or b) totally new yet unknown particles and the standard model needs an expantion? | askscience | {
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} | Dark Matter question: Are WIMPs a) particles in the standard model or b) totally new yet unknown particles and the standard model needs an expantion?
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4x84e4 | Discussion: Veritasium's newest YouTube video on the reproducibility crisis! | Hi everyone! Our first askscience video discussion was a huge hit, so we're doing it again! Today's topic is [Veritasium's video on reproducibility, p-hacking, and false positives.](_URL_0_) Our panelists will be around throughout the day to answer your questions! In addition, the video's creator, Derek (/u/veritasium)... | askscience | {
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"http://www.npr.org/sections/money/2016/01/15/463237871/episode-677-th... | Discussion: Veritasium's newest YouTube video on the reproducibility crisis!
Hi everyone! Our first askscience video discussion was a huge hit, so we're doing it again! Today's topic is [Veritasium's video on reproducibility, p-hacking, and false positives.](_URL_0_) Our panelists will be around throughout the day to a... | [
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5a0cmq | We are scientists from the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology coming to you from our annual meeting in Salt Lake City. We study fossils. Ask Us Anything! | **Edit, 12:15pm Mountain Time: We're signing off for now! Thank you all for the wonderful questions!**
Hello AskScience! We are members of the [Society of Vertebrate Paleontology](_URL_0_). We study fossil fish, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles — anything with a backbone! Our research includes how these organisms liv... | askscience | {
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} | We are scientists from the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology coming to you from our annual meeting in Salt Lake City. We study fossils. Ask Us Anything!
**Edit, 12:15pm Mountain Time: We're signing off for now! Thank you all for the wonderful questions!** Hello AskScience! We are members of the [Society of Vertebrate ... | [
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aqacrt | Is a study with a small sample size less meaningful than one with a big sample size? | To my understanding, the p value of a study determines how likely a result this extreme or more extreme would happen if there were no effect (e.g. due to coincidence, measuring inaccuracies etc.).
Thus, if you have two studys, one with a small sample size (let's say 10 persons) and one with a big sample size (let's sa... | askscience | {
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} | Is a study with a small sample size less meaningful than one with a big sample size?
To my understanding, the p value of a study determines how likely a result this extreme or more extreme would happen if there were no effect (e.g. due to coincidence, measuring inaccuracies etc.). Thus, if you have two studys, one with... | [
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5kthg7 | Does this* number have a name? | I would be more specific in the title, but it would be too incomprehensible and cut-short probably. It will take some explanation before I get to my question again but it's there:
I was working on a math puzzle a while back where I had to guess the next number in a series. The given series was "1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49... | askscience | {
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I would be more specific in the title, but it would be too incomprehensible and cut-short probably. It will take some explanation before I get to my question again but it's there: I was working on a math puzzle a while back where I had to guess the next number in a series. The given serie... | [
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4979zz | Absent of some form of abuse, is asexuality scientifically supported as a fixed or innate condition? | [removed] | askscience | {
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li5ez | In what fields of science can the hobbyist contribute something? | I have taken an interest in aquaponics because there is a lot of experimentation going on - best ways to grow things, control temperature/chemistry, alternative fish feed production, etc.
I am aware of protein folding research and would like to know more about how to get started in that.
What else is there that I can... | askscience | {
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"http://sailorsforthesea.org/about-sailors-for-the-sea/board-of-directors.aspx",
"http://www.google.com/pat... | In what fields of science can the hobbyist contribute something?
I have taken an interest in aquaponics because there is a lot of experimentation going on - best ways to grow things, control temperature/chemistry, alternative fish feed production, etc. I am aware of protein folding research and would like to know more ... | [
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1xporx | Why do the same voltages appear frequently? | 3.3v, 5v, 9v, 12v and so on. Is there something inherently advantageous about these numbers or are they just somewhat evenly spaced out arbitrary numbers to try to keep things standardized? | askscience | {
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3ipsu0 | AskScience AMA Series: We do research on making games more findable (and expressive) using computer science approaches such as natural language processing. We're James Ryan, Eric Kaltman, and Noah Wardrip-Fruin, two PhD students and a faculty member from UC Santa Cruz. AMA | The common categorizations of video games, based on genres, don't do enough to help game players, game creators, or game scholars find games that might matter to them. Game genres lump together games with vastly different designs, subjects, and player experiences, while separating games with quite close relationships. ... | askscience | {
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... | AskScience AMA Series: We do research on making games more findable (and expressive) using computer science approaches such as natural language processing. We're James Ryan, Eric Kaltman, and Noah Wardrip-Fruin, two PhD students and a faculty member from UC Santa Cruz. AMA
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13hmtq | What's going on in our brains when we're on a roll/in the zone and why can't we manufacture a way to get there on command | askscience | {
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ahxkca | What is the molecular level description/justification of the Bernoulli Principle? | **Edit: I have amended the below with bold and strikes to fix and clarify statements that have been pointed out as incorrect.**
======
The below shouldn't be necessary to answering the title question, but will help with understanding where I'm coming from and what I mean. Feel free to skip over it.
At university, I ... | askscience | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | What is the molecular level description/justification of the Bernoulli Principle?
**Edit: I have amended the below with bold and strikes to fix and clarify statements that have been pointed out as incorrect.** ====== The below shouldn't be necessary to answering the title question, but will help with understanding wher... | [
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7c7v1j | Will a liquid that boils at room temperature burn me? | And if so, why?
Edit: Thanks one and all | askscience | {
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And if so, why? Edit: Thanks one and all | [
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j4ur4 | If scientists discover something new, can they name it anything they like? Or are there certain rules? | askscience | {
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rvl6n | The centrifuge in my lab goes to 24,400 g's. What celestial object is this equivalent to standing on? | The Sun has a surface gravity of a mere 28 g's, so I know it's got to be substantially larger and more dense than the Sun. | askscience | {
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"It's within an order of magnitude of the surface gravity of a white dwarf star, which is about 100,000 g. A white dwarf is actually much smaller than the Sun (about ... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | The centrifuge in my lab goes to 24,400 g's. What celestial object is this equivalent to standing on?
The Sun has a surface gravity of a mere 28 g's, so I know it's got to be substantially larger and more dense than the Sun. | [
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6kpsa9 | Are there any other animals known to "work out", or do an activity for the sole purpose of muscle growth? | askscience | {
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} | Are there any other animals known to "work out", or do an activity for the sole purpose of muscle growth?
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olq5t | What is the biggest EMP we have? And if someone set it off, how big of an area would it affect? | askscience | {
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b6hoe3 | How close does an electron and a positron need to approach to be able to annihilate? | askscience | {
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"In practical terms, at low energies an electron and positron approaching each other will most likely begin to orbit one another. This object looks a lot like a hydrogen atom, except with a positron instead of a... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positronium?wprov=sfla1",
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fock_state",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_field"
]
} | How close does an electron and a positron need to approach to be able to annihilate?
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15phcz | AskScience best of 2012 results! | What were the most interesting AskScience posts in 2012? After 5 days of voting it's time to reveal the top results of our contest.
The redditors listed below will be getting reddit gold credits from us, courtesy of the admins. We also purchased some extra credits for more prizes. Without further delay, here are the w... | askscience | {
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"Wow I didn't even know this was a thing! Thank you guys!",
"Congratulations everyone now let's get cracking on next... | {
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"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/11i9nv/is_absolutely_every_organism_on_earth_related_or/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/x4tdu/askscience_my_coffee_cup_has_me_puzzled_so_i/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/xtqq5/what_if_we_put_a_mirror_in_space_1_light_... | {
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} | AskScience best of 2012 results!
What were the most interesting AskScience posts in 2012? After 5 days of voting it's time to reveal the top results of our contest. The redditors listed below will be getting reddit gold credits from us, courtesy of the admins. We also purchased some extra credits for more prizes. Witho... | [
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19eypg | What is HAARP used for / what is space weather? | I came across an article: [NRL Scientists Produce Densest Artificial Ionospheric Plasma Clouds Using HAARP](_URL_0_).
A friend of mine seems to think this means that the navy is experimenting with weather control based off of the sentence:
> These glow discharges in the upper atmosphere were generated as a part of t... | askscience | {
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"#**[H.A.A.R.P](_URL_8_) (High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program)**\n\nH.A.A.R.P is often linked with conspiracy theorists, usually in an attempt to associate disturbances in the ionosphere with large ea... | {
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} | {
"url": [
"http://www.nrl.navy.mil/media/news-releases/2013/nrl-scientists-produce-densest-artificial-ionospheric-plasma-clouds-using-haarp#sthash.N7agZLWw.dpuf"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2841",
"http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/haarp/esp_HAARP_17a.htm",
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"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Ionosphere_Layers_en.svg",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skywave",
"http://www.technolo... | What is HAARP used for / what is space weather?
I came across an article: [NRL Scientists Produce Densest Artificial Ionospheric Plasma Clouds Using HAARP](_URL_0_). A friend of mine seems to think this means that the navy is experimenting with weather control based off of the sentence: > These glow discharges in the u... | [
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r509q | Why is it so hard for humans to conceive? | First of all, for conception to be even possible the woman has to be ovulating - which she is for only a few days each month - and even then the sperm is given a pretty hard time getting to the egg. If a few of these poor sperm do make it, there's still no guarantee that the fertilized egg will stick to the wall of the... | askscience | {
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"Uh, do you know how many people get knocked up every day? Do you know how fast humans are reproducing? See [here](_URL_0_). \n\nYour question is based on false premises. Humans are having no ... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_population_history.svg",
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"http://www.nick-lane.net/Power,%20Sex,%20Suicide.html",
"http://www.cbc.ca/documentaries/doczone/2008/disappearingmale/"
]
} | Why is it so hard for humans to conceive?
First of all, for conception to be even possible the woman has to be ovulating - which she is for only a few days each month - and even then the sperm is given a pretty hard time getting to the egg. If a few of these poor sperm do make it, there's still no guarantee that the fe... | [
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5kxc2k | What is the farthest wind has traveled? | askscience | {
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"\"Wind\" is more of a concept than a physical object you can measure like that. There's always some wind everywhere (except in very controlled indoor conditions) and it's always moving, so you can't really say it travels *x* ... | {
"url": []
} | {
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} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krakatoa"
]
} | What is the farthest wind has traveled?
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yil3k | Is Maslow's Heirarchy of needs a well grounded theory? | Maslow's Heirarchy was mentioned in a project management topic and I looked it up and found this report from 1974:
_URL_0_
Which says:
> A large number of cross-sectional studies showed no clear evidence for Maslow's deprivation/domination proposition except with regard to self-actualization
But then I also found... | askscience | {
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"No, it's not really. However, Douglas Kenrick at Arizona State--who is one of the most well respected evolutionary psychologists--tried to generate an empirically validated hierarchy recently. \n... | {
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} | {
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]
} | Is Maslow's Heirarchy of needs a well grounded theory?
Maslow's Heirarchy was mentioned in a project management topic and I looked it up and found this report from 1974: _URL_0_ Which says: > A large number of cross-sectional studies showed no clear evidence for Maslow's deprivation/domination proposition except with r... | [
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mi3fw | AskScience AMA Series- IAMA neuroscientists studying learning and memory | We are neuroscientists studying different aspects of learning and memory and are all at different stages in our careers. Ask us about neuroscience, academic careers, or graduate school.
MicturitionSyncope
I am a PhD level scientist doing postdoctoral research on the molecular mechanisms of learning and memory. We are... | askscience | {
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"Just a reminder that the typical AskScience rules apply even in AMA's, specifically that **asking for medical advice is not appropriate**. Doing so g... | {
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} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/m9jsw/physically_speaking_what_is_a_memory/",
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"http://faculty.unlv.edu/cparks/",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14599236"
]
} | AskScience AMA Series- IAMA neuroscientists studying learning and memory
We are neuroscientists studying different aspects of learning and memory and are all at different stages in our careers. Ask us about neuroscience, academic careers, or graduate school. MicturitionSyncope I am a PhD level scientist doing postdocto... | [
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1md7xy | Is it possible to create non-arbitrary units of measurement? | Pounds, Kilos, Seconds, Length, are all defined in context to one another. Is it possible to create a truly universal standard of measurement that would be intelligible to, say, an alien? Perhaps based on atomic structure or something similar? | askscience | {
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]
} | Is it possible to create non-arbitrary units of measurement?
Pounds, Kilos, Seconds, Length, are all defined in context to one another. Is it possible to create a truly universal standard of measurement that would be intelligible to, say, an alien? Perhaps based on atomic structure or something similar? | [
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z578k | What would be more survivable; being splashed with liquid nitrogen, or liquid hot magma? | askscience | {
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"While the other answers are of course corr... | {
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} | {
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} | {
"url": [
"http://www.uigi.com/nitrogen.html",
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]
} | What would be more survivable; being splashed with liquid nitrogen, or liquid hot magma?
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rn2t8 | Would an X Wing be able to fly | Watching Star Wars and was wondering if a plan designed as an X Wing would be able to actually fly | askscience | {
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"The X-Wing appears to be designed for space, so aerodynamic qualities wouldn't matter much.",
"It would be unstable without some sort of horizontal stabilizer in... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://retromechanix.com/article/fighters/stroop-x-wing-convertible-speed-planes-1935-9/",
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]
} | Would an X Wing be able to fly
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7zj3uz | How applicable are Newtonian Physics in real life? Is it completely false or are there some concepts which can be used to accurately predict real-life situations? | askscience | {
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"Very applicable all the time. Any time any object in you environment moves, it's behavior adheres almost perfectly to Newton's laws. You may not able to record enough of an environment's factors (e.g. air resis... | {
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} | How applicable are Newtonian Physics in real life? Is it completely false or are there some concepts which can be used to accurately predict real-life situations?
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ax74gq | Starfish Prime was the largest nuclear test conducted in outer space, by the US in 1962. What was its purpose and what did we learn from it? | Edit: Thank you all for taking the time to produce such interesting answers! | askscience | {
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"Starfish Prime was part of a larger series of high-altitude tests called Operation Fishbowl (a subset of Operation Dominic). As the researcher Chuck Hansen puts it pithily in his _Swords of Armageddon_ (v2):\n\n > The purpose of the FISHBO... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
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} | Starfish Prime was the largest nuclear test conducted in outer space, by the US in 1962. What was its purpose and what did we learn from it?
Edit: Thank you all for taking the time to produce such interesting answers! | [
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zaszh | Putting your mad scientist caps on, what are some interesting scientific endeavors that we are capable of, but which are limited by the boundaries of ethics? | askscience | {
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} | Putting your mad scientist caps on, what are some interesting scientific endeavors that we are capable of, but which are limited by the boundaries of ethics?
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kyhaq | If you're trapped in an airtight room with oxygen running out and exhalation byproducts rising, should you find high ground or stay low to the ground or does it not matter? | Says it in the title. | askscience | {
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"The CO2 molecule is heavier than most components of air (O2, N2, etc.), so it will tend to sink to the bottom of the room. Assuming that one doesn't stir up the air, staying high should be better... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Nyos",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Nyos"
]
} | If you're trapped in an airtight room with oxygen running out and exhalation byproducts rising, should you find high ground or stay low to the ground or does it not matter?
Says it in the title. | [
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4khfzl | What exactly does a blast cap do? | From what I hear large explosions can be pretty difficult to detonate (such as C4). I hear physical force, raising temperature and a flame doesn't set it off (although I may have heard wrong). What does a blasting cap do to make something detonate? | askscience | {
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"Most military (safe to carry) explosives are very hard to actually get to explode. This makes them safe to carry and store. A blasting cap is a small explosive device (won't be devastating if it goes off) kept... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blasting_cap"
]
} | What exactly does a blast cap do?
From what I hear large explosions can be pretty difficult to detonate (such as C4). I hear physical force, raising temperature and a flame doesn't set it off (although I may have heard wrong). What does a blasting cap do to make something detonate? | [
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5ch9lp | Are there articles/theories that go against popular physics, but has an undeniable point? | The only one i can think of is James Webb's theory on how the "fine" constant along with lightspeed has differed through time. | askscience | {
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"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
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} | Are there articles/theories that go against popular physics, but has an undeniable point?
The only one i can think of is James Webb's theory on how the "fine" constant along with lightspeed has differed through time. | [
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5zsfgu | Have there been any conjectures proven false, despite being widely believed to be true prior to the disproval? | Many famous conjectures (e.g. Goldbach's Conjecture) may not be formally proven, but are widely believed to be true due to strong heuristic and statistical evidence, and a disproval seems exceedingly unlikely.
Has there been a case where a conjecture, widely believed to be true for a long time, has actually been prove... | askscience | {
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"One of the [shortest math papers](_URL_1_) disproves a longstanding conjecture of Euler (~200 years). Euler conjectured that if you have a sum of n-powers equaling another n-power, then you needed at least n terms in the sum. Fermat's Last ... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_sum_of_powers_conjecture#Counterexamples",
"http://fermatslibrary.com/s/counterexample-to-eulers-conjecture-on-sums-of-like-powers",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen%27s_theorem",
"http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/514/conjectures-that-have-be... | Have there been any conjectures proven false, despite being widely believed to be true prior to the disproval?
Many famous conjectures (e.g. Goldbach's Conjecture) may not be formally proven, but are widely believed to be true due to strong heuristic and statistical evidence, and a disproval seems exceedingly unlikely.... | [
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2woz8v | Why can't I take pictures of paintings at a museum? They always say it's bad for the art, but what is actually happening that makes that true? | askscience | {
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"Not much of a scientific answer. Apparently, flash photography doesn't harm the pigments in paint. I suppose due to a lack of UV in the artificial light: _URL_0_ \n\nIt's usually t... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.arthistorynews.com/articles/2936_Does_flash_photography_really_damage_paintings",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/25cgo0/why_is_camera_flash_not_allowed_in_museums_and/",
"http://www.cci-icc.gc.ca/tools-outils/ldc-cdl/index-eng.aspx",
"https://www.nedcc.org/free-re... | Why can't I take pictures of paintings at a museum? They always say it's bad for the art, but what is actually happening that makes that true?
| [
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1uxpbe | What is a muscle "knot" and why does applying pressure make it feel better? | askscience | {
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"Exercise Physiologist here\n\nI will only disagree on one point. Lactic acid as a cause of muscle soreness has long been disproven. Studies haven't found any correlations between lactic acid and soreness. I ... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://saveyourself.ca/articles/trigger-point-doubts.php",
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"http://www.somasimple.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-3633.html",
"http://www.amazon.com/Trigger-Point-Therapy-Workbook-Self-Treatmen... | What is a muscle "knot" and why does applying pressure make it feel better?
| [
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u9x0d | CNN reports tuna with cesium levels 3% above background. Can anyone provide context as to how low this really is? (e.g compared to radioactivity in smoke detectors) | Not rewarding the article with a link. I'm pretty sure the only reason the publish button was hit on that article was because they could stick Fukushima in the title.
But it got me wondering - at an intuitive level what does 3% above background mean?
At what level above background does the risk of exposure start to ... | askscience | {
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"text": [
"For when it starts working... Here is the link to the original research: [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1204859109](_URL_0_). Note, will not work yet. I hate Doi links.",
"J... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1204859109",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committed_dose",
"http://www.new.ans.org/pi/resources/dosechart/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/u9x0d/cnn_reports_tuna_with_cesium_levels_3_above/c4ttrys"
]
} | CNN reports tuna with cesium levels 3% above background. Can anyone provide context as to how low this really is? (e.g compared to radioactivity in smoke detectors)
Not rewarding the article with a link. I'm pretty sure the only reason the publish button was hit on that article was because they could stick Fukushima in... | [
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1aozn1 | How much land does it take to support one human being? | How big does my plot have to be before I can support myself with vegetables and fruit? I live in the UK, so temporate and usually more than adequate rain. | askscience | {
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"> The minimum amount of agricultural land necessary for sustainable food security, with a diversified diet similar to those of North America and Western Europe (henc... | {
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} | {
"url": [
"http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1123",
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"http://caloriecount.about.com/calories-potatoes-boiled-i11367",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hide_(unit)",
"http://www.fourseasonfarm.com/books/index.html",
"http://www.... | How much land does it take to support one human being?
How big does my plot have to be before I can support myself with vegetables and fruit? I live in the UK, so temporate and usually more than adequate rain. | [
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1o30bm | Does the consumption of animal protein cause heart disease and cancer? | A common health argument in favor of veganism is that the consumption of any animal protein (meat, seafood, dairy, eggs, etc) causes cancer and heart disease. Is this true, and if so what is the causal mechanism? What makes animal protein different than vegetable protein in this regard? | askscience | {
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"Cancer and heart disease are a broad term that encompass many different but related diseases all of which can be caused by a lot of different factors beside diet (genetic, exposure to certain che... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_paradox",
"http://nutritionfacts.org/video/plant-protein-preferable/",
"http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v19/n5/full/nm.3145.html#access"
]
} | Does the consumption of animal protein cause heart disease and cancer?
A common health argument in favor of veganism is that the consumption of any animal protein (meat, seafood, dairy, eggs, etc) causes cancer and heart disease. Is this true, and if so what is the causal mechanism? What makes animal protein different ... | [
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5dpp38 | How does natural selection work with traits whose absence still allows for survival? | From what I understand, natural selection happens when organisms with some traits reproduce, while those without the traits don't reproduce. How does this work for traits that cause non-essential changes (for example humans losing hair)? In the example I mentioned, does that mean that every human that didn't lose hair ... | askscience | {
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"url": []
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"url": []
} | How does natural selection work with traits whose absence still allows for survival?
From what I understand, natural selection happens when organisms with some traits reproduce, while those without the traits don't reproduce. How does this work for traits that cause non-essential changes (for example humans losing hair... | [
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4xncso | When describing an amount of space, we call it an "area" or "volume." When describing an amount of time, we call it a "duration." What would we call an amount of spacetime, and what would that imply? | askscience | {
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"text": [
"It's just called spacetime volume, or just volume when it's clear from context. In an n-dimensional manifold, the n-dimensional volume is generally just called \"volume\".\n\nIt's a very important object to consider in physics. In special r... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
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} | When describing an amount of space, we call it an "area" or "volume." When describing an amount of time, we call it a "duration." What would we call an amount of spacetime, and what would that imply?
| [
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x0fqf | What is the most asymmetric animal? | askscience | {
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"text": [
"Sponges lack symmetry as do around 400 species of flatfish according to [wiki](_URL_0_).",
"I always found it interesting animals are generally symmetric on the outside but almost never on the inside in regards to organs.... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry_in_biology#Asymmetry",
"http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/palmer/asym/asymmetry.htm"
]
} | What is the most asymmetric animal?
| [
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45wkig | What's the deepest hole we could reasonably dig with our current level of technology? If you fell down it, how long would it take to hit the bottom? | askscience | {
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"text": [
"The deepest hole dug was the Kola Superdeep B... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/all-about-earths-gravity/",
"http://www.nature.com/news/quest-to-drill-into-earth-s-mantle-restarts-1.18921",
"http://study.com/cimages/multimages/16/earth_layers_nasa.png"
]
} | What's the deepest hole we could reasonably dig with our current level of technology? If you fell down it, how long would it take to hit the bottom?
| [
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13d4cu | When visiting a comatose friend in ICU, we were told we should talk to her because "she can still hear you". Is there any science to back this up, or is it mostly for the healing and comfort of the loved ones? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"ICU specialist here. I'm sorry to hear about your friend. Your comment about this being said mostly for the comfort of the family is fairly close to the truth, but I am a bit surprised at the definitive nature of what you were told - you \"... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1287098--vegetative-ontario-man-scott-routley-talks-to-researchers-through-brain-scans",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locked-in_syndrome"
]
} | When visiting a comatose friend in ICU, we were told we should talk to her because "she can still hear you". Is there any science to back this up, or is it mostly for the healing and comfort of the loved ones?
| [
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y77k3 | Is it possible to temporarily shut down the corpus callosum (with an injected local neuroleptic or something) to create a transient split brain state? | I'm very interested in the possibility there might be more than one "consciousness" in a brain. Like all questions regarding "consciousness", this is a hard subject to tackle.
I'm familiar with the state of research with patients who have undergone corpus callosotomy. In these cases, the non-speaking hemisphere collec... | askscience | {
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"In theory, rTMS could be used to temporarily disrupt callosal activity, but it would be difficult to focus the pulse only on the CC without a craniotomy. As for using the Wada technique, the CC has vascular input from both t... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wada_test"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.ted.com/talks/jill_bolte_taylor_s_powerful_stroke_of_insight.html"
]
} | Is it possible to temporarily shut down the corpus callosum (with an injected local neuroleptic or something) to create a transient split brain state?
I'm very interested in the possibility there might be more than one "consciousness" in a brain. Like all questions regarding "consciousness", this is a hard subject to t... | [
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3i8u99 | Is there a way to harness gravity for energy? If so, why do we not discuss it when talking about green energy? | askscience | {
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"url": []
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"url": [
"http://www.fastcoexist.com/3050137/hows-that-working-out-for-you/this-ingenious-20-lamp-gets-all-its-energy-from-gravity",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_assist",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose_process",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QIQ5iBTkvMw",
"https://www.indieg... | Is there a way to harness gravity for energy? If so, why do we not discuss it when talking about green energy?
| [
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109zc2 | Does a sex change operation really change sex? | If a male had a sex change operation to become a female would they really be completely female or only look like a complete female to the casual observer? Would science still be able to identify the living subject as male? What sex would science assign to such a person?
I would also be interested to hear of species th... | askscience | {
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"Genetics would indicate that the person is still male. There is no way around that at the present time nor would the new woman have a complete set of female genetalia. \n\nI am not going to touch... | {
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"url": [
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} | Does a sex change operation really change sex?
If a male had a sex change operation to become a female would they really be completely female or only look like a complete female to the casual observer? Would science still be able to identify the living subject as male? What sex would science assign to such a person? I ... | [
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1if8n5 | what are the advantages of using natural logs over base 10 logs (or any other base for that matter)? | when should we use one over the other? | askscience | {
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"url": []
} | {
"url": []
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"url": []
} | what are the advantages of using natural logs over base 10 logs (or any other base for that matter)?
when should we use one over the other? | [
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1eeuqv | What is the actual science behind cutting flower stems at a 45 degree angle? | Can anyone explain the science behind this? I know that's it increases surface area, but does this increase capillary action? For instance, if I have a bundle of straws, and I cut them at a 45, the SA does increase, but I can't necessarily drink faster just because of that. A detailed response is very much appreciated. | askscience | {
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"I believe it ... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | What is the actual science behind cutting flower stems at a 45 degree angle?
Can anyone explain the science behind this? I know that's it increases surface area, but does this increase capillary action? For instance, if I have a bundle of straws, and I cut them at a 45, the SA does increase, but I can't necessarily dri... | [
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18239m | What makes a balloon burst like this in a sinewave? | At a recent birthday party, a burst balloon caught my attention. Here's a picture:
_URL_0_
What makes a balloon burst like that, so evenly and mathematically, in a sine-wave fashion.
Edit:
* So it looks like the wave could be better categorized as a sine-square/sawtooth function.
* The balloon was burst using a pen/... | askscience | {
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"http://www.featurepics.com/FI/Thumb300/20090928/Burst-Balloon-1335293.jpg",
"http://i.istockimg.com/file_thumbview_approve/2137318/2... | What makes a balloon burst like this in a sinewave?
At a recent birthday party, a burst balloon caught my attention. Here's a picture: _URL_0_ What makes a balloon burst like that, so evenly and mathematically, in a sine-wave fashion. Edit: * So it looks like the wave could be better categorized as a sine-square/sawtoo... | [
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59o6dp | AskScience AMA Series: I'm Dan Riskin: author, bat biologist, host of Animal Planet's Monsters Inside Me and co-host of Daily Planet. I wrote my PhD on bats and since it's Bat Week, I thought I'd take a swing at some of your questions. (See what I did there?) | I've seen > 100 species of bats in the wild (not bad but far short of the 1,300+ species out there). For my PhD, I put vampire bats on treadmills to compare their walking performance to those of other animals. To my surprise, vampire bats had a [running gait](_URL_2_). That was my big break. Soon, I got TV gigs, like ... | askscience | {
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"https://twitter.com/riskindan/status/791659729047216128",
"https://www.facebook.com/MonstersInsideMe/",
"http://... | {
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"http://i.imgur.com/hJKSDCw.jpg",
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"http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2005/03/vampire-bats-keep-out-trouble-running-study-shows"
]
} | AskScience AMA Series: I'm Dan Riskin: author, bat biologist, host of Animal Planet's Monsters Inside Me and co-host of Daily Planet. I wrote my PhD on bats and since it's Bat Week, I thought I'd take a swing at some of your questions. (See what I did there?)
I've seen > 100 species of bats in the wild (not bad but far... | [
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b832lc | Do overweight people have extra amount of nerves and pain receptors distributed around their body? | I always thought the amount of nerves and pain receptors is fixed regardless the size you are, and the bigger your are, the less nerves density you have, which should make you less sensitive and more resistance to pressure pain. However a study: "Body mass index and distribution of body fat can influence sensory detect... | askscience | {
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]
} | Do overweight people have extra amount of nerves and pain receptors distributed around their body?
I always thought the amount of nerves and pain receptors is fixed regardless the size you are, and the bigger your are, the less nerves density you have, which should make you less sensitive and more resistance to pressur... | [
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21wqs8 | Where does the energy come from in capillary action? | [Capillary action](_URL_0_) involves a liquid travelling up a porous substrate, seemingly of its own traction. Where does the energy come from for this movement to occur? Should the substrate be considered an engine in the sense of energy transfer? | askscience | {
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"url": []
} | {
"url": [
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]
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"url": [
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]
} | Where does the energy come from in capillary action?
[Capillary action](_URL_0_) involves a liquid travelling up a porous substrate, seemingly of its own traction. Where does the energy come from for this movement to occur? Should the substrate be considered an engine in the sense of energy transfer? | [
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28agm6 | If I walk one mile forward and one mile left, I've gone two miles but am SQRT(2) miles from where I started. If I chop the forward/left steps into smaller and smaller pieces, will the distance traveled eventually asymptote to SQRT(2). If not, why? | It's hard for me to understand what is fundamentally different between a jagged path of infinitesimal size and a path straight from start to finish. Thanks! | askscience | {
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"The distance traveled will always be 2 miles. This is the same fallacy behind pi = 4 as seen [here](_URL_1_), and the [coastline paradox](_URL_0_).\n\nEDIT: This is a common mistake made by people that are not well versed in ... | {
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} | {
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} | {
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]
} | If I walk one mile forward and one mile left, I've gone two miles but am SQRT(2) miles from where I started. If I chop the forward/left steps into smaller and smaller pieces, will the distance traveled eventually asymptote to SQRT(2). If not, why?
It's hard for me to understand what is fundamentally different between a... | [
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pm03v | I am the "X" number person to have existed, ever. How would I approximate "X", for a given year in time? | askscience | {
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"I can tell you how to do it in a very round-about way as I don't know the exact method (which I think you may be after here, rather than just a way to get \"your number\"), however - have you seen:\n\n_URL_0_ this?\n\nIt work... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-15391515"
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} | I am the "X" number person to have existed, ever. How would I approximate "X", for a given year in time?
| [
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twb3c | Fight or flight: human's natural responses to stress. What about the third F--freeze? | I know enough about the fight or flight response when faced with stress, but what happens when we freeze...when we neither prepare to fight or flee? | askscience | {
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"url": [
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} | Fight or flight: human's natural responses to stress. What about the third F--freeze?
I know enough about the fight or flight response when faced with stress, but what happens when we freeze...when we neither prepare to fight or flee? | [
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33dgx2 | Is there any function that can't be represented graphically? What about functions that can only be represented in more than 2 coordinates? | askscience | {
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"> Is there any function that can't be represented graphically? \n\nWell sure. It depends what you mean by \"represented\" though -- by definition any graphical representation of a function is *an... | {
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_W_function#Plots",
"http://i.imgur.com/x7aF0AN.gif"
]
... | Is there any function that can't be represented graphically? What about functions that can only be represented in more than 2 coordinates?
| [
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3fztbi | AskScience AMA Series: Hi! I’m Jennifer Below, here to chat with you about all things human genetics! Here we go- ask me anything! | Hello reddit!
My name is Jennifer Below (though everyone calls me Piper), and I am an assistant professor in the Human Genetics Center at the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston in the School of Public Health. I work to understand the genetic basis of human diseases, from complex traits (in which multi... | askscience | {
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"url": [
"http://lungdiseasenews.com/2015/07/30/increases-telomere-length-associated-double-risk-lung-cancer/",
"http://www.tweelingenregister.org/fileadmin/user_upload/publicaties/verslaggeving/NTR-publicaties_2015/Goossens_PoPS_2015.pdf",
"Ancestry.com"
]
} | AskScience AMA Series: Hi! I’m Jennifer Below, here to chat with you about all things human genetics! Here we go- ask me anything!
Hello reddit! My name is Jennifer Below (though everyone calls me Piper), and I am an assistant professor in the Human Genetics Center at the University of Texas Health Science Center in Ho... | [
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8urzbk | Does blood conduct electricity? | My mind says it does, because theres iron in it, but my gut doubts it. | askscience | {
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"text": [
"Yes. The reason common water conducts electricity is that is has a bunch of impurities and minerals in it. If you distill water, taking out the impurities, it stops conducting electricity. Blood is essentially water with a ton of impurities... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Does blood conduct electricity?
My mind says it does, because theres iron in it, but my gut doubts it. | [
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1ztjux | FAQ Friday: Do we know why we see a color wheel when light is on a spectrum? Find out, and ask your color questions here! | This week on **FAQ Friday** we're delving into the interdisciplinary subject of color!
Have you ever wondered:
- Why red and violet blend so well on the color wheel when they're on opposite ends of the visual spectrum?
- How RGB color works? Why do we see the combination of green and red light as yellow?
- Why can... | askscience | {
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"text": [
"What is the evolutionary advantage to developing vision in the wavelengths perceived by most animals (i.e., what we call visible light) as opposed to detecting a dif... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/search?q=flair%3A%27meta%27&restrict_sr=on&sort=new&t=all",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/wiki/chemistry#wiki_colorr",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/wiki/neuroscience#wiki_visual_neuroscience",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/w... | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Melopsittacus_undulatus_Revivim_4.jpg",
"http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/studying/feathers/color/document_view"
]
} | FAQ Friday: Do we know why we see a color wheel when light is on a spectrum? Find out, and ask your color questions here!
This week on **FAQ Friday** we're delving into the interdisciplinary subject of color! Have you ever wondered: - Why red and violet blend so well on the color wheel when they're on opposite ends of ... | [
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pyfru | How did life develop the ability to clot blood and how did they thrive before this ability? | Im sure there's a simple and clear answer to this question, I just can't put my finger on it. | askscience | {
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"Different types of life have developed the ability differently. \n \nMammals (like you, me and your hot sister) have mostly platelets and fibrin strands to thank every time we get a cut and don't bleed to death. \n\nThe platelets are flat c... | {
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"url": [
"http://books.google.com/books?id=GnIQGmiSylkC&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=platelets+evolved+blood+cells&source=bl&ots=iWkVemx1O7&sig=-zmF-1Z2v5dtG-Ga3OgiEu5XCpQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=z9RCT6mCEsHb0QGknpHJBw&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=platelets%20evolved%20blood%20cells&f=... | How did life develop the ability to clot blood and how did they thrive before this ability?
Im sure there's a simple and clear answer to this question, I just can't put my finger on it. | [
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9nu9ck | Are there any chemicals so deadly a mere drop on skin could kill? | My grandpa (a known story stretcher) told me he used to haul tankers full of this chemical. It was supposed to absorb really fast and that it was so deadly a drop on your skin would kill you in a minute or two. It was used in the production of tires. He said it was phenol but phenol doesn't match up with his descriptio... | askscience | {
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epibatidine",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine",
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My grandpa (a known story stretcher) told me he used to haul tankers full of this chemical. It was supposed to absorb really fast and that it was so deadly a drop on your skin would kill you in a minute or two. It was used in the production of tires. He ... | [
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mh0sc | If I were to travel 60 light-years from the Earth... | ...to a hypothetical planet, and I were to build a powerful enough radio telescope, would I be able to watch—for example—the Queen's coronation "live"?
I guess a better question would be "would a television signal from the 1950s be strong enough to be decoded and watched after travelling through space?"
If so, which... | askscience | {
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} | If I were to travel 60 light-years from the Earth...
...to a hypothetical planet, and I were to build a powerful enough radio telescope, would I be able to watch—for example—the Queen's coronation "live"? I guess a better question would be "would a television signal from the 1950s be strong enough to be decoded and wat... | [
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uq26m | [Weekly Discussion Thread] Scientists, what causes you to marvel in wonder at science and the world? | This is the fourth installment of the weekly discussion thread and will be similar to last weeks thread: _URL_0_
The topic for this week is what scientific achievements, facts, or knowledge causes you to go "Wow I can't believe we know that" or marvel at the world. Essentially what causes you to go "Wow science is coo... | askscience | {
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"The scale of everything. We play with quarks ... | {
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} | {
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} | {
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_constant#Measurement",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin",
"http://science... | [Weekly Discussion Thread] Scientists, what causes you to marvel in wonder at science and the world?
This is the fourth installment of the weekly discussion thread and will be similar to last weeks thread: _URL_0_ The topic for this week is what scientific achievements, facts, or knowledge causes you to go "Wow I can't... | [
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4wnl9y | What does the wave component of light mean? I'm having a hard time wrapping my head around this one. | I understand light (electromagnetic radiation) is composed of photons. Photons have a dual nature - they are simultaneously a particle and a wave. I can grasp the particle component. How a photon can interact with matter (electrons), causing electrons to change orbital level, eject other photons, in displays of absorpt... | askscience | {
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"url": [
"https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/electromagnetic/electromagneticjavafigure1.jpg"
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} | What does the wave component of light mean? I'm having a hard time wrapping my head around this one.
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r5uas | why my flight wasnt on a straight line? | i took a flight from america to japan. the flight path was:
west coast going north, following canada and alaska coast, then going down in russian coast to japan.
instead of a straight line trough the pacific | askscience | {
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} | why my flight wasnt on a straight line?
i took a flight from america to japan. the flight path was: west coast going north, following canada and alaska coast, then going down in russian coast to japan. instead of a straight line trough the pacific | [
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1nvu7x | What is the life expectancy of an integrated circuit? If you buried one in the right environment, what's the plausible upper limit on it still being functional? | I was recently working on an electronics project and some of the ICs I bought second-hand (7400 series TTL chips) were manufactured in the late 1970s, and they still work fine. I've also used various other electronic devices which were manufactured over 40 years ago and those IC components are also fine.
I know some ... | askscience | {
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"Semiconductor reliability engineer here: \n \nThis question is difficult to answer. In an inert, cool environment a properly manufactured silicon IC would have a very, very long shelf life. But not infinite. As you noted, a... | {
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"url": []
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"url": [
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"https://blogs.oracle.com/ksplice/entry/attack_of_the_cosmic_rays1",
"http://www.atmel.com/Image... | What is the life expectancy of an integrated circuit? If you buried one in the right environment, what's the plausible upper limit on it still being functional?
I was recently working on an electronics project and some of the ICs I bought second-hand (7400 series TTL chips) were manufactured in the late 1970s, and they... | [
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1793ho | When 'unlikely' animals tolerate the company of each other, what is happening at a psychological level? | I refer to posts [such as this.](_URL_0_)
Often you'll see other posts on Reddit with Dogs and foxes, cats and squirrels etc all seemingly comfortable in each others company.
Are these anomalies or could these "friendships" end in an instant if the dominant animal got a blood lust? Are there specific trains in, for e... | askscience | {
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"A polite reminder. This is AskScience. No layman speculation, no guessing, no anecdotes, no jokes. Please check the sidebar if you're unsure whether your answer should be here or not.",
"Ther... | {
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"url": [
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} | {
"url": [
"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/04/bella-the-dog-dies-tarra-the-elephant-mourns_n_1074531.html",
"http://directionlessbones.wordpress.com/2009/01/30/cross-species-relationships-and-the-minds-of-animals/",
"http://www.goodnewsnetwork.org/most-popular/pbs-features-cross-species-compassion.... | When 'unlikely' animals tolerate the company of each other, what is happening at a psychological level?
I refer to posts [such as this.](_URL_0_) Often you'll see other posts on Reddit with Dogs and foxes, cats and squirrels etc all seemingly comfortable in each others company. Are these anomalies or could these "frien... | [
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119rd8 | When putting her to bed last night, my daughter (7) asked me to get her "a science book, and a book about space!" Any recommendations to nurture a budding 7-year old scientist, reddit? | askscience | {
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"When I was that age (and as I got older), I l... | {
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"http://www.amazon.com/Alice-Quantumland-Allegory-Quantu... | When putting her to bed last night, my daughter (7) asked me to get her "a science book, and a book about space!" Any recommendations to nurture a budding 7-year old scientist, reddit?
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66hp85 | Is there a rule that states that calculations of particle interactions at micro scales, by nature, cannot be scaled up into the macro-systems? Or are we just limited by our current understanding and nothing really prevents us from finding a way to scale quantum equations upwards? | askscience | {
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"url": []
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"url": [
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1jisdw | How are the native people of the arctic circle able to survive off of a diet low in vitamin c and not get scurvy, when European explorers succumbed to it after a few months of not consuming it? | askscience | {
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"[Muktuk](_URL_0_) (frozen whale skin and blubber) is a source of vitamin C. \n\nThe 19th century British explorers saw the Inuit as primitive savages so it was slow to occur to them that the Inuit might actually know more abo... | {
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"http://www.ergo-log.com/meatonly.html",
"http://idlewords.com/2010/03/scott_an... | How are the native people of the arctic circle able to survive off of a diet low in vitamin c and not get scurvy, when European explorers succumbed to it after a few months of not consuming it?
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2urird | /r/AskScience Vaccines Megathread | Here at /r/AskScience we would like to do our part to offer accurate information and answer questions about vaccines. **Our expert panelists will be here to answer your questions, including:**
- How vaccines work
- The epidemics of an outbreak
- How vaccines are made
**Some recent posts on vaccines from /r/AskScie... | askscience | {
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"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2ujxtf/why_is_it_when_some_vaccines_are_administered/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2gx8ju/why_does_the_flu_vaccine_sometimes_offer_partial/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/s4chc/meta_medical_advice_on_askscience_the_g... | {
"url": [
"http://time.com/3208886/whistleblower-claims-cdc-covered-up-data-showing-vaccine-autism-link/",
"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/side-effects.htm",
"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/additives.htm",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkEpHRO2Fww",
"http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopic... | /r/AskScience Vaccines Megathread
Here at /r/AskScience we would like to do our part to offer accurate information and answer questions about vaccines. **Our expert panelists will be here to answer your questions, including:** - How vaccines work - The epidemics of an outbreak - How vaccines are made **Some recent post... | [
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1qhasc | How can deep sea gigantism exist when there is so much pressure under the sea? | What causes creatures that live in the deep sea to get so big? | askscience | {
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"Pressure doesn't have much to do with it. Things without air in them don't get \"crushed\" under high pressure, because water is relatively incompressible compared to air. When you swim down deep... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergmann%27s_rule",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allometry",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrK9WDMOqBI"
]
} | How can deep sea gigantism exist when there is so much pressure under the sea?
What causes creatures that live in the deep sea to get so big? | [
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1i4x4d | At what scales do quantum effects/behaviors diminish or disappear? | I'm somewhat familiar with the dual slit experiment and some of its variations. What I was wondering is if they have conducted this experiment with particles larger than electrons and photons. Do they still get an interference pattern with protons? Single atoms? Small molecules? When they fire single particles at a tim... | askscience | {
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"Yes, they have. The double-slit experiment has been done with buckyballs. There's no size limit. Under proper conditions, any object would behave like a quantum object. If you took basketballs and placed them in complete iso... | {
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"url": [
"http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=487816",
"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmC0ygr08tE"
]
} | At what scales do quantum effects/behaviors diminish or disappear?
I'm somewhat familiar with the dual slit experiment and some of its variations. What I was wondering is if they have conducted this experiment with particles larger than electrons and photons. Do they still get an interference pattern with protons? Sing... | [
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aefevy | Is there a particular reason that we use virtualisation in computers and servers? | I know that there are benefits to security using virtualisation in such that the computers can\`t infect each others and that it is easy maintenance.
But isn\`t the fact that running computers inside a computer (multiple OS\`s inside an OS) a big bottleneck when it comes to performance? | askscience | {
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"The main benefit for server virtualization^0 is maximizing hardware utilization.\n\nVirtualization has been around for a long time. IBM pioneered virtualization in the late 60s and early 70s on their mainframe systems, at a ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://support.microsoft.com/en-ca/help/2020599/running-multiple-versions-of-internet-explorer-on-a-single-instance-of"
]
} | Is there a particular reason that we use virtualisation in computers and servers?
I know that there are benefits to security using virtualisation in such that the computers can\`t infect each others and that it is easy maintenance. But isn\`t the fact that running computers inside a computer (multiple OS\`s inside an O... | [
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64d89s | Are there any phenomena or patterns in the physical world which behave discontinuously (in a mathematical/topological sense)? | 2nd-ary question: Is there a good reason from physics or philosophy which explains why continuity succeeds so well in describing real-world phenomena? | askscience | {
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"[Phase transitions](_URL_1_) are a good example. According to one common definition, what defines a phase transition is a discontinuity. Specifically it's a discontinuity in the derivative of the... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://i.imgur.com/0JmKcXD.gif",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_transition",
"http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/atoms/atpt-images/atomic_line_spectra.png"
]
} | Are there any phenomena or patterns in the physical world which behave discontinuously (in a mathematical/topological sense)?
2nd-ary question: Is there a good reason from physics or philosophy which explains why continuity succeeds so well in describing real-world phenomena? | [
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3mkx20 | What's stopping battery powered flight? | Can you theoretically stock up the same batteries that power Tesla automobiles? Is the batteries required for cars different from what you'd need on a plane due to the differences between how a car runs versus how a plane runs? Is it a battery storage issue? | askscience | {
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_787_Dreamliner_battery_problems",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_aircraft",
"https... | What's stopping battery powered flight?
Can you theoretically stock up the same batteries that power Tesla automobiles? Is the batteries required for cars different from what you'd need on a plane due to the differences between how a car runs versus how a plane runs? Is it a battery storage issue? | [
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5k3mv8 | Why do skydivers have a greater terminal velocity when wearing lead weight belts? | My brother and I have to wear lead to keep up with heavier people. Does this agree with Galileo's findings? | askscience | {
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"https://youtu.be/5C5_dOEyAfk",
"http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo_15_feather_drop.html"
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} | Why do skydivers have a greater terminal velocity when wearing lead weight belts?
My brother and I have to wear lead to keep up with heavier people. Does this agree with Galileo's findings? | [
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6jepka | What is the reason for our irrational disgust of insects and arachnids? Were humans often poisoned-killed by them while we evolved? | [deleted] | askscience | {
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"I can't remember the name of the scientist or... | {
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} | {
"url": [
"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Albert_experiment?wprov=sfla1",
"https://youtu.be/9hBfnXACsOI",
"http://www.bbc.co.uk/earth/story/20151022-where-does-our-fear-of-snakes-come-from",
"https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/releases/people-arent-born-afraid-of-spiders-and-snakes-fea... | What is the reason for our irrational disgust of insects and arachnids? Were humans often poisoned-killed by them while we evolved?
[deleted] | [
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10fzrd | How accurate is the chemistry of Breaking Bad? | Specifically, can methylamine be used as a substitute for Pseudoephedrine in order to make methamphetamine? And, if so, does doing that make said meth a blue color?
Are there any other parts of the chemistry of the show that are way off? | askscience | {
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"text": [
"It's not inaccurate, just vague. They never really give you ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-03-25-flavored-meth_N.htm",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/v17kn/iama_former_meth_lab_operator_amaa/c50e57f",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/v17kn/iama_former_meth_lab_operator_amaa/",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/search?q=bre... | How accurate is the chemistry of Breaking Bad?
Specifically, can methylamine be used as a substitute for Pseudoephedrine in order to make methamphetamine? And, if so, does doing that make said meth a blue color? Are there any other parts of the chemistry of the show that are way off? | [
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ww3tj | Is there anything on the "human scale" that science still cannot explain? | I realize there are lots of incredibly tiny or massive phenomena that science cannot explain, but are there any mysteries that are on a "human scale" (ie that are visible to the naked eye, or relate to objects that a normal person can actually physically interact with)? | askscience | {
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"text": [
"We don't have a good theory of turbulence.",
"Generally speaking, we still have a hard time making predictions for very complex systems that are hard to simulate or model. The weather and the human brain come to mind, th... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_and_motorcycle_dynamics"
]
} | Is there anything on the "human scale" that science still cannot explain?
I realize there are lots of incredibly tiny or massive phenomena that science cannot explain, but are there any mysteries that are on a "human scale" (ie that are visible to the naked eye, or relate to objects that a normal person can actually ph... | [
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zib8v | Is there a reason why the tibia is virtually unprotected? | Most of the other bones that support your limbs are pretty well protected by muscles and ligaments. Your forearms are bare at certain areas, but are still well protected. As for the tibia, it seems weird to me that it would be so vulnerable, with the only protection coming when you flex your leg, and even then most the... | askscience | {
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"text": [
"Three bits.\n\n1. A simple evolutionary answer, Ancestors who had leg structure that was organized in this \"unprotected\" way survived and reproduced more than anc... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolff's_law"
]
} | Is there a reason why the tibia is virtually unprotected?
Most of the other bones that support your limbs are pretty well protected by muscles and ligaments. Your forearms are bare at certain areas, but are still well protected. As for the tibia, it seems weird to me that it would be so vulnerable, with the only protec... | [
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5s81ci | Does a superconductor truly have 0 Ω resistance, or is it only arbitrarily close? | A true-zero resistance would, to my understanding, cause problems with implementing Ohm's Law. Additionally, I believe there is still a non-negligible degree of Joule heating, which leads me to think that the resistance of the material is some fraction above true zero. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"Exactly zero.\n\nThere is no issue with violating Ohm's law: Ohm's law is an empirical law which applies to certain materials, but it isn't true in general. In the same vein, we have no issue applying Ohm's law on circuits with ideal conduc... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://arxiv.org/abs/1005.3347"
]
} | Does a superconductor truly have 0 Ω resistance, or is it only arbitrarily close?
A true-zero resistance would, to my understanding, cause problems with implementing Ohm's Law. Additionally, I believe there is still a non-negligible degree of Joule heating, which leads me to think that the resistance of the material is... | [
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1w0xku | Oscillating near the speed of light... | We all know that as you approach the speed of light, time tends to do funky crap(time differences). But what if you were inside something that technically wasn't going anywhere, but it vibrates/oscillates near the speed of light? Would you still be at the point of being an observer? Or would the time differences be at... | askscience | {
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"text": [
"If you were in a capsule, bouncing up and down, then at any one point, you're in motion (except at the top and bottom of the oscillation), and thus subject to relativity of motion.\n\nIf instead you mean that the walls of said capsule are t... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Oscillating near the speed of light...
We all know that as you approach the speed of light, time tends to do funky crap(time differences). But what if you were inside something that technically wasn't going anywhere, but it vibrates/oscillates near the speed of light? Would you still be at the point of being an observe... | [
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sp6ph | Curious Theist Here | The more I've been reading, the more evolution is acceptable. However, I've been reading theist articles as well. I've recently read a very interesting point that I'd like some feedback on. DNA information and nucleic acids were compared to words, while paper is like the bodies ability to read DNA. Sure paper and ink h... | askscience | {
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"text": [
"It is a terrible analogy. They have reduced the problem to the point of absurdity, so any proposed solut... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller–Urey_experiment",
"http://e-jehovahs-witnesses.com/forum/attachment.php?attachmentid=377&d=1296378009",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_monkey_theorem",
"http://www.science20.com/stars_planets_life/calculating_odds_life_could_begin_chance",
... | Curious Theist Here
The more I've been reading, the more evolution is acceptable. However, I've been reading theist articles as well. I've recently read a very interesting point that I'd like some feedback on. DNA information and nucleic acids were compared to words, while paper is like the bodies ability to read DNA. ... | [
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