q_id stringlengths 5 6 | title stringlengths 10 300 | selftext stringlengths 0 10.9k | document stringclasses 1
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value | answers dict | title_urls dict | selftext_urls dict | answers_urls dict | title_body stringlengths 17 10.9k | embeddings list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mvb8r | What are some of the "mountains of evidence" for evolution? | After escaping my fundie family, I need help. I have just become an agnostic atheist, and I've been watching some of the work of Richard Dawkins and Christopher Hitchens on YouTube. Often, they and others mention that there are "mountains of evidence" for evolution, but don't go into specifics.
Here's the thing: I w... | askscience | {
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"text": [
"I'd strongly recommend Richard Dawkin's book [The Greatest S... | {
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} | {
"url": [
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} | {
"url": [
"http://richarddawkins.net/articles/4217-extract-from-chapter-one-of-the-greatest-show-on-earth",
"http://www.amazon.com/Greatest-Show-Earth-Evidence-Evolution/dp/1416594787",
"talkorigins.org",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_of_common_descent",
"http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/... | What are some of the "mountains of evidence" for evolution?
After escaping my fundie family, I need help. I have just become an agnostic atheist, and I've been watching some of the work of Richard Dawkins and Christopher Hitchens on YouTube. Often, they and others mention that there are "mountains of evidence" for evol... | [
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3yj330 | Why does a 2 degree temperature change have such dramatic effects on weather (such as superstorms, massive tornadoes, floods ect)? | Ok I'm getting really tired of explaining this over and over.
The system is non linear. Which by definition Means there can be massive fluctuations. The 2 degrees is not a uniform increase but the average. My question is simply: why is the system so volatile? Why is it not only non-linear, but sharply increases in... | askscience | {
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"The system isn't \"finely tuned\". It is in a state of stability whereby the atmospheric state hovers around a mean value known colloquially as the \"climatological mean\", deviating from that mean in some ways that are more... | {
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} | Why does a 2 degree temperature change have such dramatic effects on weather (such as superstorms, massive tornadoes, floods ect)?
Ok I'm getting really tired of explaining this over and over. The system is non linear. Which by definition Means there can be massive fluctuations. The 2 degrees is not a uniform increase ... | [
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4tojfw | If you go back far enough, is my ancestor a dinosaur or trilobite? | Mammals didn't come from nothing, they had to evolve from some ancestor. Since mammals didn't exist until a certain point, does that mean that my ancestor was a species, common at that time? | askscience | {
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"Neither. Triobite along with other arthopods are Protosomes. Humans and dinosaurs are Deuterostomes. \n\n\"Dinosaurs\" including birds fall under Sauropsida, while mammals including humans fall under Synapsida when you split Amniota.",
... | {
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} | If you go back far enough, is my ancestor a dinosaur or trilobite?
Mammals didn't come from nothing, they had to evolve from some ancestor. Since mammals didn't exist until a certain point, does that mean that my ancestor was a species, common at that time? | [
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ss4en | Creationists posting random quotes. I'm not a biologist so I'm asking for some help... | He posted
"Dr. David A. Kaufman of University of Florida:
Evolution lacks a scientifically acceptable explanation of the source of the precisely planned codes within cells, without which there can be no specific proteins and hence, no life.
(http:// atschool. eduweb. co. uk /SBS777/ vital/evolutio.
html)"
Its so vag... | askscience | {
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"This is [begging the question](_URL_1_). Evolution does not plan, and therefore will never be able to explain 'precisely planned codes'. By assuming the codes are planned, you assume evolution is not responsible. So the quest... | {
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"url": []
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"url": [
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begging_the_question"
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} | Creationists posting random quotes. I'm not a biologist so I'm asking for some help...
He posted "Dr. David A. Kaufman of University of Florida: Evolution lacks a scientifically acceptable explanation of the source of the precisely planned codes within cells, without which there can be no specific proteins and hence, n... | [
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4h706p | If I were to drop an object, a bowling ball, down an infinitely long vacuum tube, what speed could it reach? | Given that an object can't travel faster than the speed of light and that there is no resistance which of these two overrides the other? | askscience | {
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"Assumptions\n---\n\nWell, if you release a ball from rest in a vacuum, it just remains at rest. There's nothing to fall to. But I assume you meant to ask (by indication of the word... | {
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} | If I were to drop an object, a bowling ball, down an infinitely long vacuum tube, what speed could it reach?
Given that an object can't travel faster than the speed of light and that there is no resistance which of these two overrides the other? | [
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7k3rkt | Why do atomic chain reactions not happen in nature? | 1 in 100 or so Uranium atoms are U-235, which is the type of Uranium necessary to cause an atomic chain reaction. If a random neutron flying through a Uranium deposit hits U-235, wouldn't that risk the start of a fission chain reaction? If so, why prevents such reaction from happening in nature? | askscience | {
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"The probability of a uranium-235 nucleus undergoing neutron-induced fission is much higher if the neutrons are moving at thermal speeds. Neutrons emitted in fission reactions are mostly *fast* neutrons (kinetic energies much ... | {
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"url": [
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} | Why do atomic chain reactions not happen in nature?
1 in 100 or so Uranium atoms are U-235, which is the type of Uranium necessary to cause an atomic chain reaction. If a random neutron flying through a Uranium deposit hits U-235, wouldn't that risk the start of a fission chain reaction? If so, why prevents such reacti... | [
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135lri | What process caused this amazing effect in Pleneau Bay, Antarctica? Photograph by Sander Klaassen. | [imgur link]( _URL_1_) and the
[
Original National Geographic link](_URL_0_) to the photo in question. | askscience | {
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"Antarctic program employee here... They are formed by water runoff from the top of the berg. The runoff forms gullies and streams similar a trellace pattern seen in the headwaters of river systems. As the berg ... | {
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} | {
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]
} | {
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"http://apikabu.ru/img_n/2011-08_6/8c84e0.jpg",
"http://www.ec.gc.ca/glaces-ice/default.asp?lang=En&n=2A70F254-1&offset=2&toc=show",
"http://en.wikiped... | What process caused this amazing effect in Pleneau Bay, Antarctica? Photograph by Sander Klaassen.
[imgur link]( _URL_1_) and the [ Original National Geographic link](_URL_0_) to the photo in question. | [
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46nigx | Why doesn't the immune system kill incoming sperm? | askscience | {
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"Semen is in fact recognized as foreign not only to the female but to the male immune system. Yes, your own body would attack and destroy your own sperm cells if it were not rigorously kept out of harms way by other specialize... | {
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} | Why doesn't the immune system kill incoming sperm?
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c8ih4h | How does Newton's 3rd Law apply to an object falling in a vacuum? | For every action there's and equal, opposite reaction. If you were to drop an object, the force of gravity will be fought by air resistance in an atmosphere, but, in a vacuum where there is no air, what is the opposite reaction? | askscience | {
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"Air resistance isn't the reaction force of the gravitational force acting on an object. The reaction force of gravitational force acting on the falling object is the gravitational force the object exerts on the body its falli... | {
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} | How does Newton's 3rd Law apply to an object falling in a vacuum?
For every action there's and equal, opposite reaction. If you were to drop an object, the force of gravity will be fought by air resistance in an atmosphere, but, in a vacuum where there is no air, what is the opposite reaction? | [
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73lt18 | Microstates in statistical mechanics and Pauli's exclusion principle - how do you count "the number of possible positions"? | Space is continuous, right?
**Microstates**
How can you ever arrive at a finite number of "microscopic arrangements of particles" when counting W in Boltzmann's entropy equation?
S = k_B log W
It seems to me that there are infinite ways to arrange 1000 particles in a box while keeping the same volume, pressure, e... | askscience | {
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"> It seems to me that there are infinite ways to arrange 1000 particles in a box while keeping the same volume, pressure, etc.\n\nThe \"number of states\" is an integral over phase space. There *... | {
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_(statistical_thermodynamics)#Counting_of_microstates"
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} | Microstates in statistical mechanics and Pauli's exclusion principle - how do you count "the number of possible positions"?
Space is continuous, right? **Microstates** How can you ever arrive at a finite number of "microscopic arrangements of particles" when counting W in Boltzmann's entropy equation? S = k_B log W It ... | [
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1q1xmn | How do modern CPU's detect their load to determine clock speed? (i.e. turbo) | Is it done at a hardware level or does the OS manage turbo frequency? What about something like Speedstep? I guess it's all one function these days. | askscience | {
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"url": [
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} | How do modern CPU's detect their load to determine clock speed? (i.e. turbo)
Is it done at a hardware level or does the OS manage turbo frequency? What about something like Speedstep? I guess it's all one function these days. | [
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6fn6hk | How should a layperson decide whether to trust a psychology study? | The question obviously applies to all fields of science, but I was particularly interested in psychology studies after having looked at [this paper](_URL_1_) demonstrating that you can actually become younger after listening to a Beatles song. I was prompted to look at the study because of [this article on Daryl Bem an... | askscience | {
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"url": [
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} | {
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"http://imgur.com/a/7Jq7E",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Rnq1NpHdmw",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_crisis",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_dredging"
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} | How should a layperson decide whether to trust a psychology study?
The question obviously applies to all fields of science, but I was particularly interested in psychology studies after having looked at [this paper](_URL_1_) demonstrating that you can actually become younger after listening to a Beatles song. I was pro... | [
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5l4jli | In the event where LIGO observed gravitational waves - were we super extremely lucky that it happened in this point of time? Or, more likely, am I missing something? | As I understand it, LIGO observed the gravitational waves originating from the merging of two black holes. We managed to detect a "chirp", the peak of the merge. Now, this peak lasted 20ms. From reading around Wikipedia, the event happened 1.4 billion light years away, which means it happened 1.4 billion years ago.
De... | askscience | {
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"url": [
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_observation_of_gravitational_waves",
"https://media.ccc.de/v/33c3-8245-eavesdropping_on_the_dark_cosmos"
]
} | In the event where LIGO observed gravitational waves - were we super extremely lucky that it happened in this point of time? Or, more likely, am I missing something?
As I understand it, LIGO observed the gravitational waves originating from the merging of two black holes. We managed to detect a "chirp", the peak of the... | [
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5yv8u6 | In regards to the Quantum Zeno Effect, what defines "observation"? | askscience | {
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"Perturbation. Probing the system in some way so as to derive information about some element of its state, such as its position or momentum. Keep doing it to a system that would normally (for example) decay, and do it so quickly and \"thorou... | {
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"url": [
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} | In regards to the Quantum Zeno Effect, what defines "observation"?
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24bkyy | Will putting the end of the garden hose underwater slow down the rate at which the pool fills? | Is there a difference between letting the water fall into the pool from above the water line? | askscience | {
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"The discharge pressure will affect the flow rate, yes, assuming a constant-pressure source. Keeping the end of the hose in the air ensures that the discharge pressure is atmospheric; submerging the end adds the hydrostatic pressure of the ... | {
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} | Will putting the end of the garden hose underwater slow down the rate at which the pool fills?
Is there a difference between letting the water fall into the pool from above the water line? | [
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tlqq3 | Growing up, I remember a huge movement to "Save the Rain Forest". Being that it's about 15+ years later, how did that movement impact the environment and specifically rain forest? What was achieved and/or lost? | When I was growing up, "Save the Rain Forest" was everywhere; on TV, billboards, magazines, etc. Now that I don't hear about it anymore, I was wondering what the impacts were from that huge push for rain forest preservation. Was it successful, semi-successful, not productive at all, or did worse things come from it. | askscience | {
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"url": []
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"http://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation_alpha.html",
"http://www.news.mongabay.com",
"http://news.mongabay.com/20... | Growing up, I remember a huge movement to "Save the Rain Forest". Being that it's about 15+ years later, how did that movement impact the environment and specifically rain forest? What was achieved and/or lost?
When I was growing up, "Save the Rain Forest" was everywhere; on TV, billboards, magazines, etc. Now that I d... | [
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jz6d1 | Does the Uncertainty Principle actually govern the way in which particles move? | I did some digging in Askscience and didn't see exactly the question that I had, so sorry if this has already been answered. I was wondering whether the Uncertainty Principle is an actual force (or property) of particles, or if it's a compensation for the fact that we really don't know how to measure the location and ... | askscience | {
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"Well, I already attempted an [explanation](_URL_1_) of this today. Short answer is: No, it's an inherent property of quantum mechanics, or an \"in-principle\" limit, not an experimental/practical one. \n\nNow, if you were to ... | {
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"http://chemlinks.beloit.edu/Stars/images/orbitals.jpg"
]
} | Does the Uncertainty Principle actually govern the way in which particles move?
I did some digging in Askscience and didn't see exactly the question that I had, so sorry if this has already been answered. I was wondering whether the Uncertainty Principle is an actual force (or property) of particles, or if it's a compe... | [
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xr3s0 | The Official Mars Science Laboratory and Curiosity Rover Thread | As of 1:31 am, August 6, 2012 (EDT), NASA and Jet Propulsion Lab has successfully landed the [Curiosity Rover](_URL_11_) at the [Gale Crater](_URL_15_) of Mars, as part of the [Mars Science Laboratory](_URL_13_) mission.
This is an exciting moment for all of us and I'm sure many of you are burning with questions. Here... | askscience | {
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"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/xr3s0/the_official_mars_sci... | {
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"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrnuGAQroXQ",
"http://deepspace.jpl.nasa.gov/dsndocs/810-005/208/208A.pdf",
"http://solarsystem.nasa... | The Official Mars Science Laboratory and Curiosity Rover Thread
As of 1:31 am, August 6, 2012 (EDT), NASA and Jet Propulsion Lab has successfully landed the [Curiosity Rover](_URL_11_) at the [Gale Crater](_URL_15_) of Mars, as part of the [Mars Science Laboratory](_URL_13_) mission. This is an exciting moment for all ... | [
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3eb1f9 | Is "the urge to have children" (AKA "the biological clock") partially inherent in people or completely socially constructed? | askscience | {
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"Please see research by [Kristin Park](_URL_0_). Childlessness is deviant from social norms; therefore, there is at least clear social pressure to reproduce. I'm not sure if anyone has done a study on your exact... | {
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"url": [
"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.452.3309&rep=rep1&type=pdf",
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} | Is "the urge to have children" (AKA "the biological clock") partially inherent in people or completely socially constructed?
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39l67c | How did a wing evolve? | A wing is a specialist body part, and I can't understand how something like this can evolve. If it was a gradual change, then the wing would be useless until it could lift the organism. However throughout this process the limb would be a large evolutionary disadvantage so the organism should die. And because it is so c... | askscience | {
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"http://mygeologypage.ucdavis.edu/cowen/historyoflife/feathersandflight.html",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jEhzAn1hDc"
]
} | How did a wing evolve?
A wing is a specialist body part, and I can't understand how something like this can evolve. If it was a gradual change, then the wing would be useless until it could lift the organism. However throughout this process the limb would be a large evolutionary disadvantage so the organism should die.... | [
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3ty0c4 | Why are so many energy equations of the form E=(1/2)xy^2? Kinetic, elastic, heat, capacitor and inductor energy all have this form. Even E=mc^2 is almost there. | So as I've gone further into physics I keep seeing this pattern pop up. Many equations for energy have the form E=(1/2)xy^2. That is half times a variable times another variable squared.
Is there a reason for this pattern or just coincidence? I would have thought different forms of energy would have very different equ... | askscience | {
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} | Why are so many energy equations of the form E=(1/2)xy^2? Kinetic, elastic, heat, capacitor and inductor energy all have this form. Even E=mc^2 is almost there.
So as I've gone further into physics I keep seeing this pattern pop up. Many equations for energy have the form E=(1/2)xy^2. That is half times a variable time... | [
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5kbs35 | Birth rate seems to be inversely related to wealth and resource availability. Does this phenomenon occur in non-human species? Is there a biological(i.e. hormonal) influence behind it? | askscience | {
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"In hum... | {
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"url": [
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} | Birth rate seems to be inversely related to wealth and resource availability. Does this phenomenon occur in non-human species? Is there a biological(i.e. hormonal) influence behind it?
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rscvb | How Strong is the evidence in favor of Darwinian evolution? | Also, is there any certifiable evidence/adversary that could or can disprove it?
Edit: Thank you guys for the amazing feed back!! | askscience | {
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"http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/comdesc/",
"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.003... | How Strong is the evidence in favor of Darwinian evolution?
Also, is there any certifiable evidence/adversary that could or can disprove it? Edit: Thank you guys for the amazing feed back!! | [
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7l6tap | Can sea creatures be invasive? | As we all probably know there are many instances of animals being introduced to a new environment and having no natural predators and become a problem. I know this can also happen with fish too in lakes and rivers. My question is can this happen in the ocean since one way or another all the ocean is connected. | askscience | {
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"Short answer: yes. \n\nBasically, many marine species don't travel well on their own, but they can hitch rides on ships and such, then will invade new marine environments that are not prepared to support the new species. See [this article](... | {
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"url": []
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"http://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/debris-from-japanese-tsunami-deliver-foreign-species-to-b-c-beaches"
]
} | Can sea creatures be invasive?
As we all probably know there are many instances of animals being introduced to a new environment and having no natural predators and become a problem. I know this can also happen with fish too in lakes and rivers. My question is can this happen in the ocean since one way or another all t... | [
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y7biy | Questions about global warming, sea level, and other consequences of global warming. | I've been following global warming since I was a teenager (about the last 12 years), but I got caught up with my life and conveniently forgot about it. Now as I get older I started thinking about it, especially after watching a documentary called "an inconvenient truth" which really got me thinking again.
If/when the... | askscience | {
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"It depends how long you want to look into the future when making real estate decisions. The anticipated sea level rise over the next century is 1-2 meters. In the long-long-term (when, not if, Greenland melts, which will prob... | {
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_acidification"
]
} | Questions about global warming, sea level, and other consequences of global warming.
I've been following global warming since I was a teenager (about the last 12 years), but I got caught up with my life and conveniently forgot about it. Now as I get older I started thinking about it, especially after watching a documen... | [
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1x95zi | How does the human brain keep time? | I understand circadian rhythms, but I want to know how our brains keep time in a more immediate sense. For instance, how can I count the seconds at a fairly consistent pace? How do I *know* a specific interval of time has passed?
Digital computers rely on quartz clocks for timing calculations, so is there a similar fe... | askscience | {
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"http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v6/n10/full/nrn1764.html"
]
} | How does the human brain keep time?
I understand circadian rhythms, but I want to know how our brains keep time in a more immediate sense. For instance, how can I count the seconds at a fairly consistent pace? How do I *know* a specific interval of time has passed? Digital computers rely on quartz clocks for timing cal... | [
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irqsc | Possibility of large deepsea monsters | I remember reading that we have explored less then 10% of the sea and it gives me chills to think about what may lurk in the icy depths of the sea, especially concerning giant monsters like the colossal squid. However, due to the very high pressure in these depths would it be possible for such things to exist or would ... | askscience | {
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"url": [
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]
} | Possibility of large deepsea monsters
I remember reading that we have explored less then 10% of the sea and it gives me chills to think about what may lurk in the icy depths of the sea, especially concerning giant monsters like the colossal squid. However, due to the very high pressure in these depths would it be possi... | [
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9axx5r | AskScience AMA Series: I'm Paul Sutter, astrophysicist, amateur cheese enthusiast, and science advisor for the upcoming film UFO. Ask Me Anything! | Hey reddit!
I'm Paul Sutter, an astrophysicist and science advisor for the film UFO, starring Gillian Anderson, David Strathairn, Alex Sharp, and Ella Purnell. I am not nearly as beautiful as any of those people, which is why I'm here typing to you about science.
The film is about a college kid who is convinced he's ... | askscience | {
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} | AskScience AMA Series: I'm Paul Sutter, astrophysicist, amateur cheese enthusiast, and science advisor for the upcoming film UFO. Ask Me Anything!
Hey reddit! I'm Paul Sutter, an astrophysicist and science advisor for the film UFO, starring Gillian Anderson, David Strathairn, Alex Sharp, and Ella Purnell. I am not near... | [
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16g0fz | In reality color is 1 dimensional (wavelength) but in computers it's 3 dimensional (R, G, B). What's up with that? | askscience | {
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"Wavelength and colour are two completely different things. Light can consists of an infinite number of different wavelengths. Hardly anything you see in nature ever ... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.olympusmicro.com/primer/lightandcolor/images/lightsourcesfigure3.jpg",
"http://www.moillusions.com/2006/03/eclipse-of-mars-illusion.html",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cones_SMJ2_E.svg",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CRT_phosphors.png",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wi... | In reality color is 1 dimensional (wavelength) but in computers it's 3 dimensional (R, G, B). What's up with that?
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242fg1 | What are some of the strongest theories as to why Young's double split experiment phenomena occurs? | In Young's Double Split Experiment, a panel with two small slits is placed and electrons are shot at it.
The output is a wave-like phenomena on the wall behind the slit when there is no observer, leading scientists to believe that the electron is in two places at once...
however when an observer is placed (a recordi... | askscience | {
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"There is no mystery here. To measure which slit the electron goes through, you need to somehow measure it at the slits. To do this, you need to interact with the electron in some way, and this interaction distu... | {
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} | What are some of the strongest theories as to why Young's double split experiment phenomena occurs?
In Young's Double Split Experiment, a panel with two small slits is placed and electrons are shot at it. The output is a wave-like phenomena on the wall behind the slit when there is no observer, leading scientists to be... | [
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7pf510 | AskScience AMA Series: I am a squid biologist, AMA! | My name is Sarah McAnulty and I'm a squid biologist at The University of Connecticut! I am currently trying to understand how the Hawaiian bobtail squid's immune system is able to tell the difference between the squid's bioluminescent bacterial partner and other kinds of bacteria. I've worked with cuttlefish camouflage... | askscience | {
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} | AskScience AMA Series: I am a squid biologist, AMA!
My name is Sarah McAnulty and I'm a squid biologist at The University of Connecticut! I am currently trying to understand how the Hawaiian bobtail squid's immune system is able to tell the difference between the squid's bioluminescent bacterial partner and other kinds... | [
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1bdsta | Why does the US Department of Energy have so many Supercomputers? | askscience | {
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c62aw6 | You have some unknown differentiable function from reals to reals and that all functions are equally likely candidates. If you know the output of the function at two inputs, what is the expected output of the function at an input lying on the line between the two known points? | Keeping in mind that any differentiable function is equally likely, I would guess the answer would be the value found by linear interpolation between the two known points. Is my intuition off? I'm also interested in topics to search to answer questions like this because I have no idea where to start. | askscience | {
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} | You have some unknown differentiable function from reals to reals and that all functions are equally likely candidates. If you know the output of the function at two inputs, what is the expected output of the function at an input lying on the line between the two known points?
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758l8z | AskScience AMA Series: We are a plant ecology research lab working on the fate of abandoned cranberry bogs. Ask Us Anything! | Hi Reddit!
We are a plant ecology research lab at Monmouth University. We recently conducted a study investigating community succession after abandonment in abandoned cranberry bogs within the New Jersey Pinelands. Since the 1860's, the cultivation of the native American cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, has been a ma... | askscience | {
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} | AskScience AMA Series: We are a plant ecology research lab working on the fate of abandoned cranberry bogs. Ask Us Anything!
Hi Reddit! We are a plant ecology research lab at Monmouth University. We recently conducted a study investigating community succession after abandonment in abandoned cranberry bogs within the Ne... | [
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oqetn | AskScience Fair results are (finally) in! | Hey everybody,
First, let me sincerely apologize for the very long delay. I underestimated the effect of holidays, conferences, and delays from doing science. Not just on me, but on the judges. So there were delays, but I present to you the results of the AskScience Fair! We have a lot of new readers, so maybe peo... | askscience | {
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"text": [
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"url": [
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} | AskScience Fair results are (finally) in!
Hey everybody, First, let me sincerely apologize for the very long delay. I underestimated the effect of holidays, conferences, and delays from doing science. Not just on me, but on the judges. So there were delays, but I present to you the results of the AskScience Fair! We ha... | [
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igq66 | What would be needed in a bomb shelter to keep me alive for the rest of my life. | Lets say for whatever reason the surface of the earth is about to become uninhabitable. If I wanted to build a hypothetical bomb shelter that could sustain me for the rest of my life (I'm 27, so lets say another 70 years), what would be needed. Would it be more efficient to store non-perishable foods or grow my own? ... | askscience | {
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"To live for the rest of your life? Technically you wouldn't need anything.",
"[Non-perishable food](_URL_0_) can have a pretty long shelf life (~30 years) I suspect if you vacuum seal them, o... | {
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_battery",
"http://www.dashofhealth.com/Dash_of_Health/Food_Labels_files/potato%20chip%20label.jp... | What would be needed in a bomb shelter to keep me alive for the rest of my life.
Lets say for whatever reason the surface of the earth is about to become uninhabitable. If I wanted to build a hypothetical bomb shelter that could sustain me for the rest of my life (I'm 27, so lets say another 70 years), what would be ne... | [
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nm5ia | What are some examples of human traits that developed which were key to our survival at the time, but now are hindrances in modern society? | askscience | {
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"How our body reacts to psychological stress. ... | {
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"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deindividuation",
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} | What are some examples of human traits that developed which were key to our survival at the time, but now are hindrances in modern society?
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1u4ij5 | Can you demonstrate why cycling through a one-time-pad encryption key that's shorter than the message is not secure? | I wrote a [simple implementation of one-time-pad encryption](_URL_0_) in python, to try to better understand one-time pad encryption. (Warning: Does not work with python 2.x, use Python 3).
The program works as follows:
* It takes the byte representation of every character in the string that will be encrypted.
* For... | askscience | {
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"The reason the standard one-time pad is perfectly secure is that regardless of the message, the distribution over ciphertexts is always identical. Once you recycle your key, this is no longer true. For example, (working over ... | {
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} | {
"url": [
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"url": [
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_analysis",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_coincidence"
]
} | Can you demonstrate why cycling through a one-time-pad encryption key that's shorter than the message is not secure?
I wrote a [simple implementation of one-time-pad encryption](_URL_0_) in python, to try to better understand one-time pad encryption. (Warning: Does not work with python 2.x, use Python 3). The program w... | [
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lj7om | How true is this statement?: Evolution has been proven as much as anything can be proven. | EDIT: I have come to realize that this is what's wrong with the popular discourse. Actual answers, it seems, are rarely concise and entertaining. Pseudoscience, on the other hand, always fits into neat little quotations and sound bites. | askscience | {
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} | {
"url": []
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"http://homepage.univie.ac.at/gerhard.mueller/publications-papers.html",
"http://www.stri.si.edu/sites/publications/results.php?scientist=Mary+Jane+West-Eberhard",
"http://www.nymc.edu/sanewman/",
"http://www.amazon.com/Evolution-Extend... | How true is this statement?: Evolution has been proven as much as anything can be proven.
EDIT: I have come to realize that this is what's wrong with the popular discourse. Actual answers, it seems, are rarely concise and entertaining. Pseudoscience, on the other hand, always fits into neat little quotations and sound ... | [
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7w4r95 | How does a remote island get grass and vegetation when it first forms? Or soil for that matter? | askscience | {
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"Currents in wind and water as well as birds carry all kinds of seeds over 100s and 1000s of km. Remote islands might be way stations on further flights of birds. What they carry in their feathers or stomaches can seed. This is no different ... | {
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} | How does a remote island get grass and vegetation when it first forms? Or soil for that matter?
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1q6usv | Can someone please explain to me how a bunch of transistors do operations, more specifically like addition, subtraction...etc. | i know they use "logic gates" but can someone explain the process as simply as possible; and what are "logic circuits", just logic gates mashed together to make a process? | askscience | {
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adder_%28electronics%29",
"http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.e... | Can someone please explain to me how a bunch of transistors do operations, more specifically like addition, subtraction...etc.
i know they use "logic gates" but can someone explain the process as simply as possible; and what are "logic circuits", just logic gates mashed together to make a process? | [
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mr2n9 | Will the human population ever stabilize at a certain size? | if so, what size? | askscience | {
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"http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/longrange2/WorldPop2300final.pdf",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographic_transition",
"http://people.oregonstate.edu/... | Will the human population ever stabilize at a certain size?
if so, what size? | [
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32ahia | Can 3-Dimensional Holograms produce 4-D objects similar to how 2-Dimension screens can represent 3-D objects? | Could we create a 4-D world the same way we create 3-D? | askscience | {
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"I'd say yes and no.\n\nYes for the reasons /u/phaseoptics mentioned. 4D space can be projected onto 3D space the same way 3D can be projected onto 2D.\n\nNo, because even though that is the case,... | {
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"url": []
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesseract",
"http://www.magic-squares.net/c-t-htm/t_represent-2.htm"
]
} | Can 3-Dimensional Holograms produce 4-D objects similar to how 2-Dimension screens can represent 3-D objects?
Could we create a 4-D world the same way we create 3-D? | [
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2wav8q | If a feather and a truck were dropped from exact opposite sides of the Moon from 1000m, which would really hit first? | Assuming universal gravitation; each object affects the moon with it's own gravity.
Edit: Anyone have any idea how to actually do the equation? My interest has been interested | askscience | {
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"The truck. The moon would accelerate toward the truck overall because the truck exerts a stronger gravitational pull on the moon.",
"I made an excel file to analyze the problem... | {
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} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
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} | If a feather and a truck were dropped from exact opposite sides of the Moon from 1000m, which would really hit first?
Assuming universal gravitation; each object affects the moon with it's own gravity. Edit: Anyone have any idea how to actually do the equation? My interest has been interested | [
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pm0km | Evolution and Libido | Dear AskScience,
I've done a reddit and google search but I'm unsure as to what the evolutionary significance is behind women's libidos apparently peaking at 30 or 40 and men at a significantly younger age? Is this information actually correct? I seem to recall in sex education classes when I was back in school, that ... | askscience | {
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libido#Sexual_desire_disorders",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen_replacement_therapy... | Evolution and Libido
Dear AskScience, I've done a reddit and google search but I'm unsure as to what the evolutionary significance is behind women's libidos apparently peaking at 30 or 40 and men at a significantly younger age? Is this information actually correct? I seem to recall in sex education classes when I was b... | [
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xg677 | [META] AskScience AMA Series: ALL THE SCIENTISTS! | One of the primary, and most important, goals of /r/AskScience is outreach. Outreach can happen in a number of ways. Typically, in /r/AskScience we do it in the question/answer format, where the panelists (experts) respond to any scientific questions that come up. Another way is through the AMA series. With the AMA ser... | askscience | {
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"http://abcnews.go.com/Health/spinal-cord-injuries-fda-approves-cell-regeneration... | [META] AskScience AMA Series: ALL THE SCIENTISTS!
One of the primary, and most important, goals of /r/AskScience is outreach. Outreach can happen in a number of ways. Typically, in /r/AskScience we do it in the question/answer format, where the panelists (experts) respond to any scientific questions that come up. Anoth... | [
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23bb5h | What is our friend the electron, really? | Is there an accepted definition? How would you, personally, describe it to a chemistry student who is at the end of her gen chem year?
So far I've heard them described as waves, charges, fields, clouds of possible location... anyway, we are currently looking at electricity and redox reactions.
Are electrons affected ... | askscience | {
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]
} | What is our friend the electron, really?
Is there an accepted definition? How would you, personally, describe it to a chemistry student who is at the end of her gen chem year? So far I've heard them described as waves, charges, fields, clouds of possible location... anyway, we are currently looking at electricity and r... | [
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ntmm9 | Is there any chance of there being an undiscovered simple machine? | askscience | {
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"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHsXcHoJu-A",
"http://www.boatdesign.net/forums/attachments/propulsion/28168d1231128492-ddwfttw-dire... | Is there any chance of there being an undiscovered simple machine?
| [
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muc6p | If you placed 2 identical people in separate rooms that got gradually hotter and colder at the same rate, who would die first? | more specifically, why?
EDIT for vagueness: Say the starting temp is 72 Degrees F. The room could each be 10'x10' and would heat/cool by 1 degree F every minute.
(sorry for Fahrenheit, I'm an American and not too scientifically inclined) | askscience | {
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"url": [
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]
} | If you placed 2 identical people in separate rooms that got gradually hotter and colder at the same rate, who would die first?
more specifically, why? EDIT for vagueness: Say the starting temp is 72 Degrees F. The room could each be 10'x10' and would heat/cool by 1 degree F every minute. (sorry for Fahrenheit, I'm an A... | [
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lsjye | A balanced diet - Ramen and Vitamins? | I was chatting with my room mate who was complaining that I eat too much and it's too expensive to get food. I have always eaten a lot so I told him to just buy a bunch of ramen noodle packets next time he goes for food because they are inexpensive. I know that this leads to serious nutritional imbalances if eaten alon... | askscience | {
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} | A balanced diet - Ramen and Vitamins?
I was chatting with my room mate who was complaining that I eat too much and it's too expensive to get food. I have always eaten a lot so I told him to just buy a bunch of ramen noodle packets next time he goes for food because they are inexpensive. I know that this leads to seriou... | [
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12mc1s | if 2 e- were perfectly aligned on X,Y axis and we moved closer and closer, at what point would they deflect & at what direction? | *we = were
title explains it as best i can. if two same-charges (on quantum scale) are moved closer and closer together, what does QM (or whatever else is relevant) say about what happens when they get so close that forces demand they deflect & how is the direction of deflection decided? | askscience | {
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} | if 2 e- were perfectly aligned on X,Y axis and we moved closer and closer, at what point would they deflect & at what direction?
*we = were title explains it as best i can. if two same-charges (on quantum scale) are moved closer and closer together, what does QM (or whatever else is relevant) say about what happens whe... | [
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2yk6hv | Is it true that laws like conservation of mass, energy, and charge are probabilistic laws? | I overheard somebody saying the law of conservation of mass is a probabilistic law (opposed to an absolute law?). Is this true, and if so, what does it mean? | askscience | {
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"No, that's not true.\n\nConservation of mass is a special case of conservation of energy, however, and is violated in nuclear reactions and high speed collisions and stuff like that.\n\nThe second law of thermo... | {
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} | Is it true that laws like conservation of mass, energy, and charge are probabilistic laws?
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4kza3d | AskScience AMA Series: I’m Sean Carroll, physicist and author of best-selling book THE BIG PICTURE. Ask Me Anything about the universe and what it means! | I’m a theoretical physicist at the California Institute of Technology, and the author of several books. My research covers fundamental physics and cosmology, including quantum gravity, dark energy, and the arrow of time. I've been a science consultant for a number of movies and TV shows. My new book, [THE BIG PICTURE](... | askscience | {
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"url": [
"http://www.preposterousuniverse.com/grnotes/",
"https://scottlocklin.wordpress.com/2013/03/07/the-enigma-of-the-ford-paradox/",
"http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8205/823/2/L25",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton's_dome",
"http://philpapers.org/rec/HAWHDT",
"http:... | AskScience AMA Series: I’m Sean Carroll, physicist and author of best-selling book THE BIG PICTURE. Ask Me Anything about the universe and what it means!
I’m a theoretical physicist at the California Institute of Technology, and the author of several books. My research covers fundamental physics and cosmology, includin... | [
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lzalv | What modern object would take the longest time to build from scratch? | askscience | {
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"url": [
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jaw2x | Do humans have high natural miscarriage rates among animals? If so, why? | The perception I have of human birth is that compared to other animals, it's complicated and highly error-prone. This site said that 15% of pregnancies are miscarriages; is this especially high in the animal kingdom? Do humans have an especially hard/volatile reproductive cycle? If so, how would that have happened evol... | askscience | {
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"url": [
"http://www.uihealthcare.com/depts/med/obgyn/patedu/prenatalcare/miscarriage.html"
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"url": [
"http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/U/UNP-0079/",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1155831"
]
} | Do humans have high natural miscarriage rates among animals? If so, why?
The perception I have of human birth is that compared to other animals, it's complicated and highly error-prone. This site said that 15% of pregnancies are miscarriages; is this especially high in the animal kingdom? Do humans have an especially h... | [
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kft8t | Why are there lefties? | Is it in the genes or do babies "decide" during their early years?
Thank you very much,
a lefty. | askscience | {
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"Short answer: we don't really know. But there's a lot that goes on between genes and \"deciding\".\n\nFirst of all, in the literature they usually refer to \"right-handedness\" vs. \"non-right-handedness\", on the grounds tha... | {
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"url": []
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"url": [
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situs_inversus",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/southpaws/"
]
} | Why are there lefties?
Is it in the genes or do babies "decide" during their early years? Thank you very much, a lefty. | [
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6s565s | How come imaginary fucntions can be used to describe real properties like refractive index and dielectric constants? | I have an exam coming up about properties of materials and I have a hard time wrapping my head around the math of it. I hope some one here can make it click in my brain. Fourier transforms are pushing the limit but these real uses of imaginary numbers are too much. All help is appreciated. | askscience | {
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"\"Imaginary\" is an unfortunate misnomer.\n\nSee this [previous post](_URL_2_) with a good response from /u/dogdiarrhea.\n\nOther good explanations are /u/Doctorbong's [comment](_URL_1_) on the point of complex numbers and [this post](_URL_... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
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"url": [
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/q984g/how_necessary_are_imaginary_numbers/?st=j628oepl&sh=f93453a3",
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1i33k4/whats_the_point_of_imaginary_numbers/cb0k709",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2i1l1w/if_an_imaginary_number_i... | How come imaginary fucntions can be used to describe real properties like refractive index and dielectric constants?
I have an exam coming up about properties of materials and I have a hard time wrapping my head around the math of it. I hope some one here can make it click in my brain. Fourier transforms are pushing th... | [
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53agua | How do we know how many bitcoins are in circulation? | askscience | {
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"First off, this is not an area I am an expert in, so If I say something inaccurate, I hope someone can correct me.\n\nBitcoin is a currency that is defined by a protocol. \n\n1. There are 21 million bitcoins that can be mined... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Transaction",
"https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_documentation",
"overstock.com"
]
} | How do we know how many bitcoins are in circulation?
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1a6ko7 | If I dropped a jar filled with water into the ocean, would the pressure eventually crack it open? | Here is my thought process..
1. Jar filled completely (no air) with sea level pressure water
2. Dropped into a deep part of the ocean
3. Eventually the pressure outside the jar would greatly exceed the pressure inside the jar
4. However, since the water inside the jar cannot be compressed(?) the jar stays in tact?
Plea... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c8ukddh",
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"text": [
"Assumping the jar is incompressible (ceramic or glass or some such), and assuming the weight of the jar is of order the weight of the water inside it, then the jar will sink down through the water column and eventually the pressure differen... | {
"url": []
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"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2012/apr/13/nine-titanic-artifacts-currently-las-vegas/",
"http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1985-09-19/entertainment/8503030821_1_ports-and-sherries-wines-burgundy",
"http://www.flickr.com/photos/11291471@N02/1086686155/",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wre... | If I dropped a jar filled with water into the ocean, would the pressure eventually crack it open?
Here is my thought process.. 1. Jar filled completely (no air) with sea level pressure water 2. Dropped into a deep part of the ocean 3. Eventually the pressure outside the jar would greatly exceed the pressure inside the ... | [
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9krtq8 | Musics with binaural beats, certain frequencies (eg. "417 Hz healing music") - do they really have effects on hormones release in the brain, or brain activities? | What is the state of science on music and brain activity? Are there any proven benefits to listening to that type of music?
& #x200B;
Here is a [exemple](_URL_0_) | askscience | {
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"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTkVnb3TXO8",
"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6G-anHhuL4",
"https://www.youtube.com/wat... | Musics with binaural beats, certain frequencies (eg. "417 Hz healing music") - do they really have effects on hormones release in the brain, or brain activities?
What is the state of science on music and brain activity? Are there any proven benefits to listening to that type of music? & #x200B; Here is a [exemple](_URL... | [
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2p8d3r | I guess I don't understand evolution. It is 100% purely random mutation? | So, I feel like a fucking idiot, here, because this has always confused me. I thought I understood the theory of evolution, but years ago I had my understanding of the concept turned upside down when someone explained to me that evolution does *not* mean that a species evolved in order to adapt. Rather, species evolv... | askscience | {
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"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v513/n7518/full/nature13726.html"
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} | I guess I don't understand evolution. It is 100% purely random mutation?
So, I feel like a fucking idiot, here, because this has always confused me. I thought I understood the theory of evolution, but years ago I had my understanding of the concept turned upside down when someone explained to me that evolution does *no... | [
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59hvnv | What are some energy sources better than electricity? | Its hard to define energy source when talking about electricity because everything runs off it, but for the sake of this, what are some things either:
A. If you designed a system around it, something could be powered by it. Example: pnuematics use electricity but also air.
B. Alternative ways of generating electricity ... | askscience | {
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"url": [
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} | What are some energy sources better than electricity?
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ikywh | Say I want to implant an RFID chip into myself. What can I do with it? | I believe that are some applications for paying with RFID chips (in upcoming smartphones, IIRC), but I was wondering if I could make a receiver linked to my door handle and open the door with a wave of my hand, or something related. Basically, what can an RFID implant do for me, how much does it cost, and where can I f... | askscience | {
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"url": []
} | {
"url": [
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"http://www.1topstore.com/product_info.php?language=en&currency=USD&products_id=13645",
"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10158517"
]
} | Say I want to implant an RFID chip into myself. What can I do with it?
I believe that are some applications for paying with RFID chips (in upcoming smartphones, IIRC), but I was wondering if I could make a receiver linked to my door handle and open the door with a wave of my hand, or something related. Basically, what ... | [
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aylxlf | Does the US government run scientific experiments to determine if policies work? | askscience | {
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} | Does the US government run scientific experiments to determine if policies work?
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8qt6je | Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology | Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on **Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology**
Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a bit too speculative for a typical /r/AskScience post? No question is too big o... | askscience | {
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"[Biology] What is the purpose of blood-sucking parasitic bugs/insects in nature such as ticks and horseflies besides being a nuisance? In other words, what is their significance to an ecosystem?",
"\\[Biology\\] How fast are hormones ma... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
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"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/wiki/index#wiki_answering_askscience",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/3exo6p/askscience_panel_of_scientists_xiii/"
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"url": []
} | Ask Anything Wednesday - Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology
Welcome to our weekly feature, Ask Anything Wednesday - this week we are focusing on **Biology, Chemistry, Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology** Do you have a question within these topics you weren't sure was worth submitting? Is something a... | [
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qbnuu | What is the reason certain people have a stronger resistance to anasthesia? | The reason I ask is because Ive had 3 surgeries in my life. The first for wiring my broken jaw shut, second for rotator cuff surgery, and third for bone spurs in my elbow. The first surgery I had, the doctors ended up giving me the "cocktail" that is supposed to knock you out in seconds. However, i counted down from ... | askscience | {
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} | What is the reason certain people have a stronger resistance to anasthesia?
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nf1mw | Have we found ANY proof of the string/m-theory since the past 5~ years? | My questions actually sums up to those below, I just needed a title. However if any other particle or whatever have been proved dont hesitate to fill me in!
Have supersymmetry sparticles been found?
Have gravitons been caught escaping?
CERN or not, im interested. | askscience | {
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"No, as of now String Theory is still a mathematical theory that explains current observations but none of its' additional predictions about the universe have been proven. To suitably test String Theory predictions we would ne... | {
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"url": []
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"http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.0788"
]
} | Have we found ANY proof of the string/m-theory since the past 5~ years?
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v41ed | Is the ISS AC or DC? | Stop, I know what you were thinking! But seriously, does the equipment on the space station run on AC or DC power? If it's AC, how do you ground anything? | askscience | {
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} | Is the ISS AC or DC?
Stop, I know what you were thinking! But seriously, does the equipment on the space station run on AC or DC power? If it's AC, how do you ground anything? | [
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30099u | What is energy? | I understand that energy is essentially the ability or potential to do work and it has various forms, kinetic, thermal, radiant, nuclear, etc. I don't understand what it is though. It can not be created or destroyed but merely changes form. Is it substance or an aspect of matter? I don't understand. | askscience | {
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"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_law_of_thermodynamics",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hilbert"
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} | What is energy?
I understand that energy is essentially the ability or potential to do work and it has various forms, kinetic, thermal, radiant, nuclear, etc. I don't understand what it is though. It can not be created or destroyed but merely changes form. Is it substance or an aspect of matter? I don't understand. | [
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28mwft | Beside gravity and dark matter, what's the biggest problem with the Standard Model? | There's a growing list of problems associated with the Standard Model but what I would love to know what in your opinion is the biggest problem, experimental or theoretical (besides gravity and dark matter), and why? | askscience | {
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} | Beside gravity and dark matter, what's the biggest problem with the Standard Model?
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7sy8vq | Does force influence the density of a fluid? | So we have been experiencing liquid losses at the plant I'm working at and we haven't been able to figure out what the problem is. We have the known amount of liquid going into a tank (known amount is in pounds) and we have a flowmeter on the outlet of the tanks. I'm wondering if the force of the pump on the liquid c... | askscience | {
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9061k4 | Was the Truman Show delusion a thing before The Truman Show existed? | My understanding of this delusion is that it deals with someone who believes their whole life is a TV show. So, did this delusion exist before the movie? Or was it brought on by the movie? What was it called before the movie? | askscience | {
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"If you look at the Wikipedia page, it's not exactly clear. What I summed up is that the concept existed in literature for... | {
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"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Truman_Show_delusion",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandiose_delusions"
]
} | Was the Truman Show delusion a thing before The Truman Show existed?
My understanding of this delusion is that it deals with someone who believes their whole life is a TV show. So, did this delusion exist before the movie? Or was it brought on by the movie? What was it called before the movie? | [
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3849rg | How come in Physics we can round off numbers willy nilly? | Doing A-Level Maths and Physics. In Maths you almost always have to keep the majority of the figures in a number.
Example one: The number 147.673. In maths you would pretty much always leave it to the 3dp, but in physics you might round it to anything from 100, 150, 148 and so on, depending on the equation and the nu... | askscience | {
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"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/37x4fr/why_do_we_use_significant_figures/crqij0v",
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_significance",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wi... | How come in Physics we can round off numbers willy nilly?
Doing A-Level Maths and Physics. In Maths you almost always have to keep the majority of the figures in a number. Example one: The number 147.673. In maths you would pretty much always leave it to the 3dp, but in physics you might round it to anything from 100, ... | [
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3cjkvv | AskScience AMA Series: Hello Reddit! I'm Dr. William “Trey” Driggers, Fisheries Research Biologist for NOAA's Southeast Fisheries Science Center Laboratory in Pascagoula, Mississippi. I conduct research on sharks within U.S. waters. AMA! | Hello Reddit - Dr. Trey Driggers here to answer your questions about sharks! As shark experts here at NOAA, we love sharks and want to better understand and protect them. Sharks are absolutely vital to the health of the ecosystems they inhabit. Additionally, some shark species represent an important resource for the co... | askscience | {
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"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://nefsc.noaa.gov/nefsc/Narragansett/sharks/",
"http://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/stories/a/species/sharks/index.html",
"http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/federal_government/kristin-hannan-monitoring-the-ocean-for-a-healthy-shark-population/2015/06/30/923aa194-1f38-11e5-aeb9-a411a84c9d55_... | {
"url": [
"http://www.fisheries.NOAA.gov/stories/a/species/sharks",
"https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/2tc1xz/",
"http://www.vapaa-ajankalastaja.fi/files/Tiedostot/RoseEtAl_FishFish_online_2012.pdf"
]
} | AskScience AMA Series: Hello Reddit! I'm Dr. William “Trey” Driggers, Fisheries Research Biologist for NOAA's Southeast Fisheries Science Center Laboratory in Pascagoula, Mississippi. I conduct research on sharks within U.S. waters. AMA!
Hello Reddit - Dr. Trey Driggers here to answer your questions about sharks! As sh... | [
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3u7lje | How close can two things get without touching? | Is there a measurement for this or anything | askscience | {
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Is there a measurement for this or anything | [
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1l40gy | Why can't you donate blood after receiving eye surgery? | askscience | {
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"url": [
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"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22737075"
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} | Why can't you donate blood after receiving eye surgery?
| [
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3org8g | What kind of MPG would a human get? | If humans were able to consume gasoline for energy how far could someone walk/ run on a gallon of the stuff? I know there are a lot of variables like efficiency and how much energy goes thermal vs mechanical and all, but I'm looking for a rough estimate. | askscience | {
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"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/body-measurements.htm",
"htt... | What kind of MPG would a human get?
If humans were able to consume gasoline for energy how far could someone walk/ run on a gallon of the stuff? I know there are a lot of variables like efficiency and how much energy goes thermal vs mechanical and all, but I'm looking for a rough estimate. | [
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y12gd | Question on babies, bright loud toys, and evolution. | So I was taking care of my 3 month old niece, and noticed she was really attracted to her neon orange rattle. My question is, isn't this attraction contrary to a favorable reaction in nature? Aren't animals typically hard wired to avoid small bright colored things that move? Especially in the case of something that ra... | askscience | {
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} | Question on babies, bright loud toys, and evolution.
So I was taking care of my 3 month old niece, and noticed she was really attracted to her neon orange rattle. My question is, isn't this attraction contrary to a favorable reaction in nature? Aren't animals typically hard wired to avoid small bright colored things th... | [
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2a833h | Are electromagnetic wave diagrams wrong? | Literally any book I have come across, have diagrams like [this](_URL_0_). And my textbook (David J Griffiths, Electrodynamics) also has similar diagram.
But, the amplitudes of E and B are related as
B = E/c
Since c is a large number, the amplitude of B should be negligible, compared to E. But the diagrams depicts t... | askscience | {
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} | Are electromagnetic wave diagrams wrong?
Literally any book I have come across, have diagrams like [this](_URL_0_). And my textbook (David J Griffiths, Electrodynamics) also has similar diagram. But, the amplitudes of E and B are related as B = E/c Since c is a large number, the amplitude of B should be negligible, com... | [
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2r0dtk | Are the "E=mc^2" and "Ek=(1/2)mv^2 equations connected ? | So i was reading ("this post")[_URL_0_] again, and I had this though : since everything is travelling with a "speed" of c, these two equations look quite similar after all.
So is there any connections between them ? And then why is there this (1/2) in the kinetic equation ? Am I missing something ? Or am I just dumb ?... | askscience | {
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} | {
"url": [
"http://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/22pi7o/eli5_why_does_light_travel/cgp58ml"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93energy_equivalence#Low_speed_expansion"
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} | Are the "E=mc^2" and "Ek=(1/2)mv^2 equations connected ?
So i was reading ("this post")[_URL_0_] again, and I had this though : since everything is travelling with a "speed" of c, these two equations look quite similar after all. So is there any connections between them ? And then why is there this (1/2) in the kinetic... | [
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jziz0 | Is it possible to manage your diet enough to eliminate the need to go to the bathroom? | Sounds weird but I was wondering if someone were to manage their diet so precisely that they take in just enough vitamins and nutrients that their body uses everything efficiently, remains healthy and has no form of solid or liquid waste to remove from the body? | askscience | {
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"No, there are a lot of products generated by cell respiration, for example, that have to be eliminated. CO2 is produced in the oxidati... | {
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} | Is it possible to manage your diet enough to eliminate the need to go to the bathroom?
Sounds weird but I was wondering if someone were to manage their diet so precisely that they take in just enough vitamins and nutrients that their body uses everything efficiently, remains healthy and has no form of solid or liquid w... | [
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m19in | Is the Large Hadron Collider living up to expectations in terms of findings? | Or is it disappointing? | askscience | {
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"url": [
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Or is it disappointing? | [
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108ry2 | If evolution is so incremental, how does it provide a "competitive advantage"? | My title is a little vague, so let me give an example. Let's take arms. Arms are nice. In a fight between a guy with arms and a guy without, all other things being equal, I'm putting my money on arms-boy.
But we didn't suddenly get arms overnight from the evolution fairy. They probably started out as little nubs, and ... | askscience | {
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"The tendency among lay people is to look at the end result of an evolutionary path (eyes, arms, etc) and to get confused as to how you could have got here from there. The complexity of the eye, for example, is is often used b... | {
"url": []
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"url": []
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"url": []
} | If evolution is so incremental, how does it provide a "competitive advantage"?
My title is a little vague, so let me give an example. Let's take arms. Arms are nice. In a fight between a guy with arms and a guy without, all other things being equal, I'm putting my money on arms-boy. But we didn't suddenly get arms over... | [
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6rvqni | Since nobody is the same, is it possible for the body to have a slight deviation of body temperature and be ok? | Since the average human has a body temp of 98.6F, is it possible that someone could have say a 98.5 or 98.7 and be ok; or does even a minor variance create problems for the body? How much could one get away from the average and still live normally? | askscience | {
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"url": []
} | Since nobody is the same, is it possible for the body to have a slight deviation of body temperature and be ok?
Since the average human has a body temp of 98.6F, is it possible that someone could have say a 98.5 or 98.7 and be ok; or does even a minor variance create problems for the body? How much could one get away f... | [
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1klmll | Question on the 'Demon Core': Why did coming into contact with tungsten carbide result in a massive release of radiation? | I get it when the two halves of the core went supercritical but what would tungsten carbide do to it? | askscience | {
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"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demon_Core"
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} | Question on the 'Demon Core': Why did coming into contact with tungsten carbide result in a massive release of radiation?
I get it when the two halves of the core went supercritical but what would tungsten carbide do to it? | [
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syscb | Can you someone please debunk this silly 'hollow earth theory' for me? | _URL_0_
It just seems entirely ridiculous to me. This doesn't seem to be how gravity or planet formation works. I would just like some examples of how unlikely it might be. That, or if it can be disproven - would also be nice. Thanks! | askscience | {
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} | {
"url": [
"http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=185502"
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} | Can you someone please debunk this silly 'hollow earth theory' for me?
_URL_0_ It just seems entirely ridiculous to me. This doesn't seem to be how gravity or planet formation works. I would just like some examples of how unlikely it might be. That, or if it can be disproven - would also be nice. Thanks! | [
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1neh4j | Are germaphobic parents hurting their kids in the long run? | Got into this conversation with a friend not too long ago about this. Are parents who are super germaphobes and try to eliminate germs at all costs hurting their kids in the long by not allowing their immune systems to build a resistance to everyday normal kid-germs?
For example, say a mom is super against germs, alwa... | askscience | {
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"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Infants-Baby-Allergies-Parents-Lick-Pacifier-Saliva-Study-206299061.html"
]
} | Are germaphobic parents hurting their kids in the long run?
Got into this conversation with a friend not too long ago about this. Are parents who are super germaphobes and try to eliminate germs at all costs hurting their kids in the long by not allowing their immune systems to build a resistance to everyday normal kid... | [
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jdfye | Can anyone help identify this object? We think it is a model of a 5 dimensional cube, but we have no clue of the usage! | I am talking about [this](_URL_0_) object. It is currently placed at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands. There has been a post on there website about it and they aren't sure what its exact properties are. This post draw my attention as a student and I thought that r/AskScience might know what it is.
Thi... | askscience | {
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"I'm not exactly sure how you can represent 5 dimensions with a 3 dimensional object. On another note, to even call this a cube is rather odd.",
"I... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
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} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamming_distance",
"http://i.imgur.com/9yiAc.png"
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} | Can anyone help identify this object? We think it is a model of a 5 dimensional cube, but we have no clue of the usage!
I am talking about [this](_URL_0_) object. It is currently placed at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands. There has been a post on there website about it and they aren't sure what its ex... | [
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1lgqdm | Yesterday I captured a (female) mouse that was on my apartment. Today, when I checked on her, she had aborted. What kind of abortive natural abortive mechanisms animals have? | I'm curious if this was an abortive mechanism or just a consequence of bad health. I'm unaware if animals can abort "by will" under certain situations. Although the simplest explanation I can come up with is that it got pretty nervous, affected its health and provoked the abortion.
EDIT:
Just in case, my roommate and... | askscience | {
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"I work with rats, and often have to breed them. Too much stress or too little nutrition will cause them to abort their pregnancies which is true of just about any species. Can they \"will\" it to happen? Probably not, but mos... | {
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} | {
"url": [
"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0897.2007.00512.x/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_effect"
]
} | Yesterday I captured a (female) mouse that was on my apartment. Today, when I checked on her, she had aborted. What kind of abortive natural abortive mechanisms animals have?
I'm curious if this was an abortive mechanism or just a consequence of bad health. I'm unaware if animals can abort "by will" under certain situa... | [
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b67xix | How are human haplogroups different from speciation? | I don't want this to come across as racist. I know race relating to skin color is an arbitrary, dated, and ignorant concept. This is a serious question.
Why aren't the differences in human haplogroups isn't considered speciation?
Also I am aware that species are a sort of dubious concept to begin with, I am us... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"ejjz3vn",
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"ejjnb2w"
],
"text": [
"You are equally related to your mother and your father, but if they belong to different mitchondrial haplogroups, you only inherit from your mother, so your haplogroup would only be informative about part of your ancestry. Th... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-recombination-514",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y-DNA_haplogroups_by_ethnic_group"
]
} | How are human haplogroups different from speciation?
I don't want this to come across as racist. I know race relating to skin color is an arbitrary, dated, and ignorant concept. This is a serious question. Why aren't the differences in human haplogroups isn't considered speciation? Also I am aware that species are a so... | [
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imgss | What are some fun science experiments for 1st graders? | Well I'm at camp and i'm in charge of the 1st grade. I have always been good at science and I am going to 1 science experiment per week. I am not a very creative person so I was wondering if anyone could give me some ideas? I love physics and chemistry so those kid of experiments would be the best. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c24xoxl",
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"c24xh0e",
"c24xwdx",
"c24xlsx"
],
"text": [
"I teach K-4 science, so this is right up my alley.\n\nA few ideas:\n\n-Make parachutes out of cut-up trash bags, string and tape, and drop clothespins or action figures from someplace high. Let the kids experim... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.exploratorium.edu/explore/everyday_science/",
"http://www.scientificamerican.com/section.cfm?id=bring-science-home",
"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=under-pressure-launch-a-balloon-rocket",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism",
"http://en.wikiped... | What are some fun science experiments for 1st graders?
Well I'm at camp and i'm in charge of the 1st grade. I have always been good at science and I am going to 1 science experiment per week. I am not a very creative person so I was wondering if anyone could give me some ideas? I love physics and chemistry so those kid... | [
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j35z0 | Why are old ships sunk instead of being recycled? | My wife is watching the show "Blowdown" on the Science channel in which they are sinking an old spy ship. They apparently spent a month just getting the ship ready to tow it out to sea to sink it.
I'm not sure if this is really a science question but why would you sink a retired ship instead of recycling it for all t... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"text": [
"The distinction, whys and wherefores of artificial reefing vs shipbreaking have been discussed.\n\nBut many times, ship and boat owners who have an old vessel simply abandon it. All the benefits... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://maps.google.com/?ll=38.472675,-77.267532&spn=0.00698,0.009645&t=h&z=17",
"http://maps.google.com/?ll=40.556445,-74.216294&spn=0.006774,0.009645&t=h&z=17",
"http://maps.google.com/maps?q=Alang,+Bhavnagar,+Gujarat,+India&hl=en&ll=21.409046,72.199059&spn... | Why are old ships sunk instead of being recycled?
My wife is watching the show "Blowdown" on the Science channel in which they are sinking an old spy ship. They apparently spent a month just getting the ship ready to tow it out to sea to sink it. I'm not sure if this is really a science question but why would you sink ... | [
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8pb285 | Chemically, why was the Fat Man more powerful than the Little Boy? (The nuclear bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki) | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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],
"text": [
"There are mechanical differences as well as chemical differences that account for the difference in explosive power of t... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | Chemically, why was the Fat Man more powerful than the Little Boy? (The nuclear bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki)
| [
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n1uik | How scientifically accurate is this list of foods to avoid? (Includes canned tomatoes, microwave popcorn, farmed salmon, and several more) | A friend posted a link to [this article](_URL_0_) on Facebook. It claims that these seven things are "loaded with toxins and chemicals" and should be avoided:
* canned tomatoes
* corn-fed beef
* microwave popcorn
* nonorganic potatoes
* farmed salmon
* milk produced with artificial hormones
* conventional apples
Are ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c35m5at",
"c35m44u",
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],
"text": [
"\"toxins and chemicals\" should be your warning sign right there - they're scare terms. But let's break them down anyway.\n\n1. Canned tomatoes and BPA. It's true that BPA has been discovered to leach from plastics into food and drink. Howe... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.prevention.com/tips/nutrition/7-foods-should-never-cross-your-lips"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://sci-ence.org/the-telltale-quack/",
"http://dl.dropbox.com/u/6679231/Myers_2010.pdf"
]
} | How scientifically accurate is this list of foods to avoid? (Includes canned tomatoes, microwave popcorn, farmed salmon, and several more)
A friend posted a link to [this article](_URL_0_) on Facebook. It claims that these seven things are "loaded with toxins and chemicals" and should be avoided: * canned tomatoes * co... | [
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... | |
23bizt | Have we seen "Blood Moons" before? How did we know this one was coming? | I keep seeing all this stuff about the end of times and how the bible predicted the blood moon on Facebook. I decided to show people how there have always been blood moons and that they probably just put it in the bible because they have seen it before.
All I can find is stuff about the four blood moons and "The en... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cgvg0pk",
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"cgvsbgk"
],
"text": [
"Yes, they happen all the time. There are several lunar eclipses (so-called 'blood moons') every year, and there will be a total of 230 in the 21st century:\n\n_URL_0_\n\nWe know when a lunar eclipse is coming because we understand the laws ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_21st-century_lunar_eclipses",
"http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEsaros/LEperiodicity.html#section109",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dates_predicted_for_apocalyptic_events",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historically_significant_lunar_eclipses#1_Ma... | Have we seen "Blood Moons" before? How did we know this one was coming?
I keep seeing all this stuff about the end of times and how the bible predicted the blood moon on Facebook. I decided to show people how there have always been blood moons and that they probably just put it in the bible because they have seen it be... | [
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kp4ls | Panelists, this girl used this site to try and show me the speed of light is relative. I don't understand what's going on. | As far as I can tell, this guy seems like a hack. I have looked everywhere for this guy and some sort of critical analysis of the ideas he brings up here, but I can't find any mention of Don E. Sprague outside of this site. What's the deal?
_URL_0_ | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2m1vf4",
"c2m10n9",
"c2m15gh",
"c2m1glo"
],
"text": [
"I skimmed looking for some actual claim (other than \"Einstein was wrong\") and saw this:\n\n > There isn’t any proof that the length of the 2 cars simultaneously shrinks different amounts based on the motion of various obser... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.complexrelativity.com/"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Length_contraction#Experimental_verifications"
]
} | Panelists, this girl used this site to try and show me the speed of light is relative. I don't understand what's going on.
As far as I can tell, this guy seems like a hack. I have looked everywhere for this guy and some sort of critical analysis of the ideas he brings up here, but I can't find any mention of Don E. Spr... | [
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1kctat | Do identical objects at different temperatures cool at the same rate? | Consider two identical iron blocks. If one is heated to say 900 degrees and the other to 500 degrees, and left in identical rooms at identical temperatures, would they cool at the same rate?
After about 15 minutes, if the first block cools to 850 degrees, would the second object be at 450 degrees? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"cbnmyni",
"cbnn7x9",
"cbnpg6a",
"cbno8gr",
"cbnnlh0"
],
"text": [
"No they do not cool at the same rate. The rate of cooling is proportional to the difference in temperature between the ambient air and the temperature of the block. This means that the greater the difference ... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_radiation",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convection",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conduction",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conductivity",
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_trans... | Do identical objects at different temperatures cool at the same rate?
Consider two identical iron blocks. If one is heated to say 900 degrees and the other to 500 degrees, and left in identical rooms at identical temperatures, would they cool at the same rate? After about 15 minutes, if the first block cools to 850 deg... | [
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35yceg | Could you fit the whole population of the United States in one state? | Just out of curiosity, could you jam every human being in the state of Texas for example? What about the whole world population in America? Just a random question I thought of. :) this question is assuming there is no comfort involved, even if it requires being packed like sardines. | askscience | {
"a_id": [
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"cr90rdn",
"cr90r0q",
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],
"text": [
"**Short answer:** Yes. If you shipped everyone to Texas, we'd all have about a football field's worth of space each. If you put us all shoulder to shoulder, we'd fit in an area sma... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=320000000+m^2",
"http://what-if.xkcd.com/8/",
"http://persquaremile.com/2012/08/08/if-the-worlds-population-lived-like/",
"http://i.imgur.com/HUd4Kfn.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area",
"https://vim... | Could you fit the whole population of the United States in one state?
Just out of curiosity, could you jam every human being in the state of Texas for example? What about the whole world population in America? Just a random question I thought of. :) this question is assuming there is no comfort involved, even if it req... | [
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k7khn | As a scientist, what is your inclination on the odd weather this summer. Statistical quirk, or simply the beginning of patterns that only get worse from here? | I know better than to base predictions on a small handful of data from a brief slice of time, but I can't help suspecting a great deal of what's happened so far in 2011 was predicted by climatologists. I'll grant this is a hot button topic, but that fact alone may prevent a national discussion from taking place which ... | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c2i3az0",
"c2i3rma",
"c2i37m9"
],
"text": [
"Actually, I think [2010 is the really bad year](_URL_1_) or [is it 2009](_URL_0_). My point is two fold. 1. We remember the most recent ones most vividly but in a couple of years, Hurricane Irene won't really be remembered as a great traged... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/sep/05/us-unprecedented-weather-extremes"
]
} | {
"url": [
"http://www.infoplease.com/world/disasters/2009.html",
"http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/40739667/ns/us_news-2010_year_in_review/t/s-world-gone-wild-quakes-floods-blizzards/",
"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/08/30/bill-nye-on-climate-science_n_942459.html"
]
} | As a scientist, what is your inclination on the odd weather this summer. Statistical quirk, or simply the beginning of patterns that only get worse from here?
I know better than to base predictions on a small handful of data from a brief slice of time, but I can't help suspecting a great deal of what's happened so far ... | [
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s6n2i | We call it the "scientific method," but is it really? Is it even fathomable that a better method for gaining knowledge is possible? | askscience | {
"a_id": [
"c4bih9k",
"c4bif5d",
"c4biqkd",
"c4big6i",
"c4bjux9"
],
"text": [
"To be honest, in my experience, the scientific \"method\" we teach kids in school bears little resemblence to how research is carried out. It's useful for understanding the relationships between different words... | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": []
} | {
"url": [
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_method"
]
} | We call it the "scientific method," but is it really? Is it even fathomable that a better method for gaining knowledge is possible?
| [
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0.19546005129814148,
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... |
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