title stringlengths 1 1.19k | keywords stringlengths 0 668 | concept stringlengths 0 909 | paragraph stringlengths 0 61.8k | PMID stringlengths 10 11 |
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Preparation of capsules. | STERILE, SEPARATION | Fresh stool was collected from donors in a sterile plastic container. The dry weight of the stool needed to be more than 100 g. Fresh fecal samples (25%) were mixed with saline (60%) and pharmaceutical-grade glycerol (15%) in a semiautomatic extraction instrument (Treatgut TG-01; Anjiezhishan Company, China). The instr... | PMC10269780 | |
Interventions. | ADVERSE EFFECTS | We obtained informed consent from patients prior to their inclusion in this study. Authorized physicians administered FMT under monitored clinical settings. Before taking capsules orally, patients were required to fast overnight for at least 8 h. All patients received FMT in the morning. Capsules stored at −80°C were r... | PMC10269780 | |
Medication during enrollment. | UC | UC maintenance therapy was provided to patients during FMT. Because patients had a poor response to mesalazine, SASP, or prednisone, stable doses of drugs were used during follow-up after FMT. A subject treated with 5-ASA or SASP continued to receive the same dose of drugs administered during the study. A subject who w... | PMC10269780 | |
Outcomes. | Clinical response at week 12 was defined as a reduction of ≥3 points in the total Mayo score and a decrease of ≥30% from the baseline score ( | PMC10269780 | ||
The 16S rRNA gene in fecal microbiota and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. | Fresh fecal samples were collected and frozen at −80°C until DNA extraction. According to the manufacturer's protocol, total fecal DNA was extracted from 0.25 g of each homogenized sample using the QIAamp PowerFecal DNA kit (Qiagen). The DNA yield and quality were then checked with a Multiskan GO spectrophotometer (The... | PMC10269780 | ||
Microbial bioinformatic analyses. | Raw V3-V4 sequencing reads were assembled to generate high-quality reads using FLASH ( | PMC10269780 | ||
Serum sample collection and metabolomics. | Serum samples were collected and immediately frozen at −80°C until metabolite extraction. Total metabolite content was extracted from 0.05 g of each of the serum samples, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses, performed using the ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPL... | PMC10269780 | ||
Statistical analyses and visualization. | Microbial α-diversity indexes, including richness (Observed and Chao1), Shannon diversity (Shannon), and Pielou's evenness (Evenness), were computed using the vegan package ( | PMC10269780 | ||
Data availability. | The accession numbers of raw sequences have been deposited in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under BioProject accession no. | PMC10269780 | ||
REFERENCES | PMC10269780 | |||
Keywords | PMC10570927 | |||
Introduction | Young women in sub-Saharan Africa are at a high risk of unintended pregnancies [ | PMC10570927 | ||
Methods | PMC10570927 | |||
Study design | Within the ECHO trial ( | PMC10570927 | ||
STI and BV testing | Women were tested for | PMC10570927 | ||
RNA-Seq library preparation and quality control analysis of data | Cervical cytobrush samples collected at baseline and at one-month follow-up visit from 188 matched participants ( | PMC10570927 | ||
Differential expression analysis | A paired differential expression analysis, i.e. post-vs-pre (one-month vs. baseline) comparison, was carried out for each study arm. For the paired analyses, only protein-coding probe-target genes were retained: hg19 probe coordinates from the Illumina RNA Exome kit were cross-mapped to hg38 genome assembly using cross... | PMC10570927 | ||
Defining Lactobacillus-dominant versus Lactobacillus-depleted vaginal microbiota at baseline in DMPA-IM study arm | To investigate if the cervicovaginal transcriptomic changes observed in women using DMPA-IM were associated with a | PMC10570927 | ||
Deconvolution of immune cell types using RNA-seq data of women assigned to cu-IUD | The normalized gene counts of samples in Cu-IUD study arm ( | PMC10570927 | ||
Cell culture and luminex | REGRESSION | Human Endocervical Epithelial cells (END1/E6E7) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA) and cultured in keratinocyte serum-free medium (KSFM; Gibco Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA) with 0.1 ng/ml human epidermal growth factor, 0.05 mg/ml bovine pituitary extract, 0.4 ... | PMC10570927 | |
Statistical analysis | All downstream statistical analyses were performed in RStudio. Differences in study population characteristics according to study arm were tested using Pearson's Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test (when the expected value was <5) for count data and unpaired Student's | PMC10570927 | ||
Results | PMC10570927 | |||
Cohort characteristics | For this nested mucosal sub-study of the ECHO trial, we included a total of 188 women with matched endocervical cytobrush samples obtained prior to, and one month after contraceptive initiation (DMPA-IM, Demographics and metadata of ECHO subjects recruited to substudy of mucosal transcriptomics.BMI; body mass index, KE... | PMC10570927 | ||
Cu-IUD, LNG implant and DMPA-IM initiation induce distinct patterns of endocervical gene-expression | To assess the impact of initiation of contraception on the endocervical transcriptome, we identified DEGs induced after one month of contraception usage relative to baseline within each study arm in a longitudinal intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis (Supplementary Table 2). A total of 151 DEGs were induced by DMPA-IM (60... | PMC10570927 | ||
DMPA-IM initiation induced an enrichment of T cell gene signatures in the FGT | RECRUITMENT | The use of DMPA-IM has been reported to induce a diverse array of biological effects in the FGT. A closer examination of the 151 DEGs identified in DMPA-IM arm (Supplementary Table 2) showed significant alterations in a handful of genes that function in T cell activation (PRF1, TNFSF18, MAF) and tissue recruitment of i... | PMC10570927 | |
DMPA-IM induced transcriptomic alterations are not strongly driven by microbial composition | We performed a sub-analysis to investigate whether the transcriptomic changes observed within the DMPA-IM arm were specific to the vaginal microbiota of participating women, i.e. | PMC10570927 | ||
Growth factor signaling and epithelial barrier pathways enriched in women assigned to LNG implant | PROLIFERATION, ADHESION | Within the LNG implant arm, several pathways associated with cell proliferation and growth including growth factor signaling by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, Notch signaling, and WNT signaling, as well as cell-cell adhesion pathways were positively enriched, whereas pathways asso... | PMC10570927 | |
Cu-IUD usage causes significant perturbations to the cervicovaginal transcriptome | Cu-IUD treatment, with 907 DEGs identified, had a dramatic impact on gene expression (Immune activation pathways enriched in women assigned to Cu-IUD (nominal p-value < 0.1). Important pathways enriched in Cu-IUD study arm, were selected. (A) A dot plot to represent the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) statistics fo... | PMC10570927 | ||
Cu-IUD initiation recruits innate immune cells into the endocervix | Cu-IUD initiation | Since Cu-IUD initiation resulted in the highest significant changes in the FGT gene expression as compared to LNG implant and DMPA-IM, its influence on the immune cell populations was further investigated using digital flow cytometry methods (Cu-IUD initiation induces significant changes in the elements of innate immun... | PMC10570927 | |
Copper ions do not exert inflammatory effects on endocervical epithelial cells | EVENTS | To test if the inflammatory events observed after Cu-IUD initiation in vivo were due to a direct effect of CuThe concentrations of multiple endocervical cytokines are altered by biologically relevant copper (Cu | PMC10570927 | |
Discussion | inflammation | STIS, INFLAMMATION, PROLIFERATION, INFILTRATING | Although, sub-Saharan African women are at high risk for both STIs, including HIV, and unintended pregnancies, the impact of commonly used NBC methods on the mucosal immune environment has not been studied in detail using randomized designs. In this study, we examined the effects of three common and highly effective NB... | PMC10570927 |
Conclusions | These results illustrate the variable influence of different contraceptives on the FGT host environment with Cu-IUD insertion resulting in the highest perturbation of the endocervical transcriptome, mainly related to immune responses, as compared to DMPA-IM and LNG implant initiation. DMPA-IM use led to an enrichment o... | PMC10570927 | ||
Table S1 | DESeq results for Chlamydia-based analysis | PMC10570927 | ||
Table S2 | DESeq results for paired-analysis (post-vs-pre) for each study-arm in a longitudinal intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. | PMC10570927 | ||
Table S3 | Custom in-house gene-sets used for GSEA. | PMC10570927 | ||
Table S4 | DESeq results for Lacto-dominance(LD)/non lacto-dominance (nonLD) at baseline, paired-analysis | PMC10570927 | ||
Table S5 | DESeq results for Lacto-dominance(LD)/non lacto-dominance (nonLD) at baseline, paired-analysis | PMC10570927 | ||
Table S6 | MOS | Differentially expressed pathways in the DMPA-IM group, pre-treatment vs 1 mos post-treatment, separated by women with Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiome (LD), Lactobacillus-depleted vaginal microbiota (non-LD) or both groups analyzed together (LD + nonLD). | PMC10570927 | |
Table S7 | Influence of Cu-IUD initiation on the population of vaginal immune cells | PMC10570927 | ||
Supplementary material | TD | Supplementary Figure 1: A schematic representation of the RNA-Seq workflow. (A) The flowchart of RNA-Seq analysis outlines the experimental and data analysis steps carried out in the study. (B) The number of samples at collection timepoints and after quality-based filtering in each study arm.Supplementary Figure 2: Qua... | PMC10570927 | |
Funding | This work and the Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes (ECHO) Study were made possible by the combined generous support of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant OPP1032115), the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (Grant AID-OAA-A-15–00045), the Swedish Int... | PMC10570927 | ||
References | PMC10570927 | |||
Data availability | Transcriptomic data is available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository under accession number GSE190923. Custom R scripts and supporting documentation on the RNA-Seq analyses are available at | PMC10570927 | ||
Background | Sexting refers to the exchange of sexually explicit digital content in the form of texts, photos, or videos. In recent years, sexting has become a public health concern. Surveys in Malaysia show a high prevalence of young adults engaged in sexting. Given that sexting is associated with sexual risk behavior, cyberbullyi... | PMC10625075 | ||
Objective | SECONDARY | This study aimed to develop and implement a sexting intervention module guided by the prototype willingness model (PWM), delivered using web-based animated video, and evaluate its effectiveness among diploma students from a public higher educational institution. The primary outcomes were intention and willingness to se... | PMC10625075 | |
Methods | This 2-armed, parallel, single-blinded cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in a public higher educational institution in the state of Melaka, Malaysia. Diploma students from 12 programs were randomly allocated into intervention and control groups. Both groups answered a self-administered web-based questio... | PMC10625075 | ||
Results | There were a total of 300 participants with an attrition rate of 8.3% (n=25). After adjusting for age, sex, relationship status, and the amount of time spent on the web, there were significant differences in the intention to sext (β=–.12; | PMC10625075 | ||
Conclusions | In this study, the sexting intervention module using the PWM that was delivered via web-based animated videos was effective in reducing intention and willingness to sext as well as in improving knowledge of sexting, attitudes, perceived norms, and prototype perceptions. Therefore, relevant agencies involved in the prom... | PMC10625075 | ||
Trial Registration | Thai Clinical Trial Registry TCTR20201010002; https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20201002001 | PMC10625075 | ||
Introduction | PMC10625075 | |||
Background | Sexting refers to the exchange of sexually explicit digital content in the form of texts, photos, or videos [In recent years, sexting has emerged as a major public health concern in Malaysia. According to the literature, the prevalence of sexting among Malaysian youths was higher than in Western nations [Moreover, sext... | PMC10625075 | ||
Prior Work | To date, several observational studies have asserted that the behavior of sexting is preceded by an intention and willingness to sext [In this digital age, animated videos are widely acknowledged as an effective teaching tool, especially for students in higher educational institutions (HEIs) [ | PMC10625075 | ||
Objective | This study aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate the effects of the newly developed sexting intervention module (SIM) delivered via web-based animated videos on the intention and willingness to sext among diploma students. We hypothesized that the intervention would reduce the intention and willingness to sext amon... | PMC10625075 | ||
Methods | PMC10625075 | |||
Study Design | This study was a 2-armed, parallel, single-blinded, cluster randomized controlled field trial. The available program on the main campus was chosen as a cluster unit with the assumption that students from a specific program only interact with those within the same program as they only engaged in web-based learning at ho... | PMC10625075 | ||
Setting and Recruitment | HIV infections | HIV INFECTIONS | This study was conducted in one of the public HEIs in Melaka state, Malaysia. Melaka state was selected as the study site as it is one of the cities in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations that has committed to achieving 0 new HIV infections by 2030 [The study was conducted on the main campus of the largest HEI i... | PMC10625075 |
Randomization and Allocation Concealment | The 12 programs on the main campus were randomly allocated into intervention and control groups at a ratio of 1:1. All programs were number-coded, and subsequently, a simple randomization process was conducted using Random.Org software (Random.Org LLC) [ | PMC10625075 | ||
Sample Size Calculation | The sample size was calculated to detect a mean difference of 0.44 (SD 2.19) in an intention toward sexting between the intervention and control groups based on the closest variable to this study [ | PMC10625075 | ||
Intervention Module | The newly developed intervention module, SIM, used 3 constructs of PWM, including attitude, perceived norms, and prototype perceptions. It was developed in Malay, which is the local native language. The module consisted of information regarding the definition of sexting, the negative impact of sexting, the prevalence o... | PMC10625075 | ||
Outcomes | PMC10625075 | |||
Overview | SECONDARY | A validated self-administered questionnaire was used to measure the sociodemographic characteristics and the outcomes of this study. The questionnaire was divided into 2 sections. The first section captured the respondent’s age, sex, relationship status, and the amount of time spent on the web. The questions in the sec... | PMC10625075 | |
Primary Outcome Measures | The intention to sext was measured using a 15-item questionnaire with a 6-point Likert scale adapted from a previous study [ | PMC10625075 | ||
Secondary Outcome Measures | An 8-item questionnaire was used to measure the knowledge of sexting with multiple-choice responses: “yes,” no,” or “I don’t know” [ | PMC10625075 | ||
Data Collection | MAY | Data were collected at 3 different time points, namely, baseline, immediate postintervention, and 3 months postintervention starting from December 2021 to May 2022. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, data collection was performed via a web-based Google form. The link was sent to all the participants, and they were given 1 w... | PMC10625075 | |
Data Analysis | Data analysis was performed with SPSS (version 26.0; IBM Corp). The participants were analyzed based on their initial assigned group. Data cleaning and error checking were performed before analysis. Median and IQR were used to summarize the nonnormally distributed data for continuous variables, while frequencies and pe... | PMC10625075 | ||
Ethics Approval | This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects Universiti Putra Malaysia (JKEUPM-2020-321). The HEI administration and head of program approval as well as the respondents’ written consent were obtained before the study. | PMC10625075 | ||
Results | PMC10625075 | |||
Discussion | PMC10625075 | |||
Principal Findings | SECONDARY | To the best of our knowledge, this is the first RCT to evaluate the effectiveness of a theory-based SIM delivered via web-based animated videos on the intention and willingness to sext among diploma students. The secondary outcomes assessed in this study included knowledge, attitude, perceived norms, and prototype perc... | PMC10625075 | |
Strengths and Limitations | multiple-risk behaviors | To date, interventional research on sexting remains scarce. Therefore, this study represents a critical starting point for public health interventions aimed at addressing sexting-related issues in Malaysia. The use of theory-based intervention and web-based animated videos can be seen as a new direction for future publ... | PMC10625075 | |
Conclusions | SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS | The PWM-based intervention module delivered via web-based animated videos in this study was effective in reducing the intention and willingness to sext apart from improving the knowledge of sexting, attitude, perceived norms, and prototype perceptions among diploma students. This intervention can be implemented by rele... | PMC10625075 | |
Abbreviations | Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trialsgeneralized linear mixed modelhigher educational institutionprototype willingness modelrandomized controlled trialsexing intervention modulesexual and reproductive healththeory of planned behaviortheory of reasoned action | PMC10625075 | ||
Data Availability | The data sets generated during and/or analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10625075 | ||
Graphical abstract | PMC10189551 | |||
Keywords | PMC10189551 | |||
Abbreviations | SEPARATION | area under the ROC curvelogistic regressionMinamata diseasemagnetoencephalographymethylmercurymagnetic resonance imagingoversampled temporal projectionreceiver operating characteristic curvesomatosensory evoked magnetic fieldssomatosensory evoked potentialsprimary somatosensory cortexsecondary somatosensory cortexsigna... | PMC10189551 | |
Introduction | neurological damage, neurologic signs, damages, ataxia | CONSTRICTION, SENSORY DISTURBANCE, AUDITORY DISTURBANCES, SENSORY DISTURBANCES | Methylmercury (MeHg) is a major environmental neurotoxicant that damages the central nervous system depending on the dose and duration of exposure (MD is classified based on the onset time as acute/subacute MD (manifestation during the heavy contamination of seafood with MeHg in the Minamata Bay) and chronic MD (manife... | PMC10189551 |
Materials and methods | PMC10189551 | |||
Participants | ± | RECRUITMENT, MINAMATA DISEASE | Between April 2010 and October 2022, we recruited 42 patients with MD (20 women, 22 men; mean age 70.0 ± 10.6 years) and 289 healthy volunteers (131 women, 158 men; mean age 67.7 ± 9.4 years). Flowchart of participant recruitment and enrollment. MD = Minamata disease. | PMC10189551 |
MEG recording | The right and left median nerves were stimulated at the wrist in separate recordings using constant current pulses of 0.2-ms duration. Stimulus intensity determined by visual inspection was 1.5 times the motor threshold to evoke twitches of the thumb. The interstimulus interval was 3.7 s to avoid habituation to SII res... | PMC10189551 | ||
MR image acquisition | The three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted images were acquired using a 1.5 T MRI unit (Magnetom Symphony, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) or a 3 T MRI unit (Discovery MR750 3.0 T, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI). | PMC10189551 | ||
Data acquisition | peripheral sensory nerve impairment | SENSORY DISTURBANCE | We recorded the SEF responses using a whole-head 306-channel sensor array (Vectorview, ELEKTA Neuromag, Helsinki) that comprises 204 planar gradiometers and 102 magnetometers. We analyzed the MEG data recorded by 204-channel planar-type gradiometers. Before the recording, three anatomical fiducial points (nasion and bi... | PMC10189551 |
Data processing | Because this study focused on the response of N20m, we applied a band pass filter (6–200 Hz) to the preprocessed data using MNE-Python (v0.20) (We compared neural responses (P20m rate and non-response rate) and early somatosensory cortical processing (N20m amplitude, cross-correlation value, and gamma response) between... | PMC10189551 | ||
Statistical analyses | Python machine learning library | For each MEG parameter, the non-parametric Mann–Whitney The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve describes a diagnostic trade-off between sensitivity and specificity with the adjustment of a discriminative threshold (All tests were two-tailed, and statistical significance was set at a p-value of 0.05. All anal... | PMC10189551 | |
Ethical declarations | Minamata Disease, NIMD | MINAMATA DISEASE | This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the National Institute for Minamata Disease (NIMD 10/001, 13/001, 15/001, 16/003, 22/002). Participation was voluntary. Written informed consent was obtained from all par... | PMC10189551 |
Results | PMC10189551 | |||
Evaluation of peripheral sensory nerve function | ± | The conduction velocity of the median nerve SNAPs was significantly slower in patients with MD than in controls on either side (left side: control: 53.7 ± 4.9 m/s; MD: 50.9 ± 5.0 m/s; p = 0.0001; right side: control: 53.6 ± 5.1 m/s; MD: 50.8 ± 5.1 m/s; p = 0.0002), despite adjustments for multiple comparisons via Bonfe... | PMC10189551 | |
Neural responses and N20m amplitude | MINAMATA DISEASE | The P20m rate and non-response rate were significantly higher in patients with MD than in controls on either side, despite adjustments for multiple comparisons via Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0001) (Comparisons of MEG findings between controls and patients with MD. Patients with MD demonstrate significantly higher non... | PMC10189551 | |
Single-trial analysis of P20m and absent N20m peak | We examined the frequency of P20m epochs, N20m amplitude of averaged SEFs in N20m epochs, and P20m amplitude of averaged SEFs in P20m epochs in controls and patients with MD with the P20m or an absent N20m peak. The controls displayed fewer P20m epochs, and the averaged sensor SEFs and averaged SEFs of the N20m epochs ... | PMC10189551 | ||
Cross-correlation value of N20m | We observed a significant reduction of the cross-correlation value in patients with MD on either side, despite adjustments for multiple comparisons via Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0001) (Time-frequency analysis of SEFs. Compared with that in controls, the power strength of induced gamma oscillations was significantly ... | PMC10189551 | ||
Time-frequency analysis of SEFs | Compared with that in controls, the power strength of induced gamma oscillations decreased on either side in patients with MD ( | PMC10189551 | ||
Correlations between two SEF parameters | The cross-correlation value and power strength of induced gamma oscillations on either side exhibited the highest negative correlation with the non-response rate and P20m rate (Correlations between two SEF parameters. On either side, the cross-correlation value exhibited the highest correlation with the non-response ra... | PMC10189551 | ||
Discrimination analysis | REGRESSION | The AUC was > 0.77 (range; 0.77–0.79) for all parameters and was the highest (0.80 [range; 0.72–0.88]) for the integrated SEF parameters using the LogReg method (Receiver operating characteristic curves and corresponding area under the curve values for SEF parameters. The AUC was > 0.77 for all parameters, and the AUC ... | PMC10189551 | |
Discussion | chronic-phase central somatosensory disturbance, neuronal synchronization, bleeding, stroke, neoplasms, Minamata disease, infarction | DISORDER, BRAIN ATROPHY, BLEEDING, STROKE, DYSPLASTIC, NEOPLASMS, DISEASES, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DISORDERS, BRAIN TUMORS, MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, UNILATERAL POLYMICROGYRIA, DEMYELINATION, MINAMATA DISEASE, INFARCTION | We performed single-trial analysis of SEFs to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of central somatosensory disturbance in patients with chronic MD. Detailed analyses of SEFs under restricted vicinity of the N20m (peak latency ± 3.0 ms) characterized the altered SI response and early somatosensory cortical process... | PMC10189551 |
Conclusions | Functional abnormalities in early somatosensory cortical processing (reduced N20m amplitude, cross-correlation value, and SI gamma responses) as well as impaired SI responses (increased non-response rate and P20m rate) can be clearly detected in patients with chronic MD using MEG. Single-trial neuromagnetic analysis of... | PMC10189551 | ||
Funding | This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. | PMC10189551 | ||
Declaration of Competing Interest | The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. | PMC10189551 | ||
References | PMC10189551 | |||
Supplementary data | The following are the Supplementary data to this article: | PMC10189551 | ||
Supplementary data 1 | PMC10189551 |
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