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Data availability | The data that has been used is confidential. | PMC10189551 | ||
Acknowledgments | RECRUITMENT | The authors would like to thank the patients and control participants for their participation in this study. This study was supported by the Ministry of Environment, Government of Japan. The authors thank Ms. Liu X Jie, Ms. Nobuko Tabata, Mr. Ken-ichiro Miyamoto, Mr. Kouji Murao, Ms. Kiyoka Miyamoto, Ms. Akane Morimoto... | PMC10189551 | |
1. Introduction | obesity, decreases in fasting glucose, SSBs, cardiometabolic disease, Sugar reduction, sugar reduction | OBESITY, INFLAMMATION, INSULIN SENSITIVITY | Pediatric obesity and cardiometabolic disease disproportionately impact minority communities. Sugar reduction is a promising prevention strategy with consistent cross-sectional associations of increased sugar consumption with unfavorable biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease. Few trials have tested the efficacy of pedi... | PMC10420969 |
2. Materials and Methods | PMC10420969 | |||
2.1. Recruitment and Enrollment | RECRUITMENT | Detailed recruitment and enrollment procedures, including key inclusion and exclusion criteria, were previously described [ | PMC10420969 | |
2.2. Study Design | The study design, including randomization, study diets, and pre-specified study outcomes, were previously published [ | PMC10420969 | ||
2.3. Study Diets | Specifics of the intervention and control diets were previously presented [ | PMC10420969 | ||
2.4. Glucose Tolerance and Determinants of Glucose Tolerance | glucose tolerance | INSULIN SENSITIVITY, INSULIN RESISTANCE | At both clinic visits, participants completed a fasting blood draw and 2-h frequently samples oral glucose tolerance test (FS-OGTT) after a 10-h overnight fast. Secondary outcome measures included glucose tolerance as assessed by fasting glucose and the area under the curve (AUC) glucose; systemic insulin sensitivity a... | PMC10420969 |
2.5. Fasting Serum Lipid Profile & Biomarkers | inflammation | INFLAMMATION | The fasting serum lipid profile, adipokines, and inflammatory markers were measured in fasting plasma by the DORI Metabolic Core Laboratory. The fasting serum lipid profile included triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and the total cho... | PMC10420969 |
2.6. Anthropometrics | Body weight and height were measured by a registered nurse or phlebotomist using standardized procedures [ | PMC10420969 | ||
2.7. Dietary Intake and Physical Activity | The methods used to assess dietary intake and physical activity were described previously [ | PMC10420969 | ||
2.8. Statistical Analysis | INFLAMMATION | We aimed to randomize 120 participants into the trial. This sample size was calculated based on the primary aim of the trial, change in liver fat [Statistical analyses were performed using the R statistical package version 4.0.3 [In exploratory analyses of the pooled data, we assessed the impact of reducing sugar intak... | PMC10420969 | |
3. Results | PMC10420969 | |||
3.1. Description of Participants and Adverse Events | One hundred and thirteen potential participants were assessed for eligibility with 105 participants enrolled and randomized into the trial. Participants were randomly assigned to either the dietitian-led sugar reduction intervention group ( | PMC10420969 | ||
3.2. Intervention Adherence and Dietary Intakes | Intervention adherence in our study population was previously described [We previously reported dietary intake data for the 88 participants who were randomized with complete diet data [ | PMC10420969 | ||
3.3. Glucose Tolerance and Determinants of Glucose Tolerance | There were no differential effects of our intervention as compared to the control group on changes in glucose tolerance as measured by fasting glucose (adjusted | PMC10420969 | ||
3.4. Blood Pressure and Fasting Serum Lipids | We observed no differential effects of our intervention on diastolic blood pressure (adjusted | PMC10420969 | ||
3.5. Inflammatory Markers & Adipokines | Change in adipokines did not differ between the intervention and control groups including no statistically significant differential changes in MCP-1 (adjusted | PMC10420969 | ||
3.6. Changes in Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes as a Function of Change in Total Sugar Intake Regardless of Intervention Group Assignment | sugar reduction | INFLAMMATION | In exploratory analyses of the pooled data, we examined glucose tolerance and its determinants, blood pressure, fasting serum lipids, inflammation, and adipokines in all participants who successfully reduced sugar intake (There was no significant difference in the change of fasting glucose, 1-h glucose, HbA1c, AUC gluc... | PMC10420969 |
4. Discussion | glucose tolerance, cardiometabolic disease, sugar reduction, cardiometabolic, chronic disease | DISEASE, SECONDARY, TYPE 2 DIABETES, INSULIN SENSITIVITY, CHRONIC DISEASE | A dietitian-led intervention with the goal of reducing free sugar intake to Given that we saw sugar reductions in both our intervention and control groups, we also conducted an exploratory analysis that more specifically looked at the impact of sugar reduction on our outcomes of interest by comparing participants with ... | PMC10420969 |
Supplementary Materials | The following supporting information can be downloaded at: Click here for additional data file. | PMC10420969 | ||
Author Contributions | Conceptualization T.L.A., H.A., K.S.N., F.R.S., R.K., W.M. and M.I.G.; Methodology P.M., E.A.H., T.L.A. and T.A.P.; Formal Analysis K.A.S., T.A.P. and W.M.; Writing—Original Draft Preparation K.A.S. and M.I.G.; Writing—Review & Editing All authors; M.I.G. has primary responsibility for final content. All authors have r... | PMC10420969 | ||
Institutional Review Board Statement | The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved the by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Southern California and Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA-21-00314). | PMC10420969 | ||
Informed Consent statement | Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. | PMC10420969 | ||
Data Availability Statement | An anonymized dataset including all data described in the manuscript, code book, and analytic code will be made available upon request to the principal investigator (MIG). | PMC10420969 | ||
Conflicts of Interest | M.I.G. is a scientific advisor for YUMI foods and receives book royalties from Penguin Random House for Sugarproof. There are no other conflict of interests to disclose. | PMC10420969 | ||
Abbreviations | Obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD, T2D, SSBs, FM, CVD, high-density lipoprotein, Diabetes | OBESITY, DIABETES, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CVD, NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE, INSULIN RESISTANCE, TYPE 2 DIABETES, INSULIN SENSITIVITY | Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), area under the curve (AUC), body mass index (BMI), Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), C-reactive protein (CRP), coefficient of variation (CV), cardiovascular disease (CVD), Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute (DORI), fat mass (FM), frequently sampled-oral glucose tolerance test... | PMC10420969 |
References | sugar reduction | RECRUITMENT | Flow diagram of participant recruitment, enrollment, intervention allocation, follow-up, and analysis.Oral-DI increases in participants with sugar reduction. Changes (post-intervention minus the value at baseline) in the oral disposition index (Oral-DI) for participants with total sugar reduction as a percent of energy... | PMC10420969 |
Rationale | impaired cognitive function | DISORDER | Chronic cannabis use is associated with impaired cognitive function. Evidence indicates cannabidiol (CBD) might be beneficial for treating cannabis use disorder. CBD may also have pro-cognitive effects; however, its effect on cognition in people with cannabis use disorder is currently unclear. | PMC9879826 |
Objectives | We aimed to assess whether a 4-week CBD treatment impacted cognitive function. We hypothesised that CBD treatment would improve cognition from baseline to week 4, compared to placebo. | PMC9879826 | ||
Methods | DSM-5 cannabis | DISORDER, SECONDARY | Cognition was assessed as a secondary outcome in a phase 2a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group and placebo-controlled clinical trial of 4-week daily 200 mg, 400 mg and 800 mg CBD for the treatment of cannabis use disorder. Participants had moderate or severe DSM-5 cannabis use disorder and intended to quit cannab... | PMC9879826 |
Results | Seventy participants were randomly assigned to placebo ( | PMC9879826 | ||
Conclusions | DISORDER | In this clinical trial for cannabis use disorder, CBD did not influence delayed verbal memory. CBD did not have broad cognitive effects but 800 mg daily treatment may improve working memory manipulation. | PMC9879826 | |
Clinical trial registration | The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02044809) and the EU Clinical Trials Register (2013–000,361-36). | PMC9879826 | ||
Supplementary Information | The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00213-022-06303-5. | PMC9879826 | ||
Keywords | PMC9879826 | |||
Introduction | CUD, impairment in cognitive function, P., impairment or distress, verbal learning and memory | DISORDER, SECONDARY | Cannabis use disorder (CUD), a pattern of cannabis use causing significant impairment or distress, affects an estimated 22 million individuals worldwide (Degenhardt et al. Chronic cannabis use is associated with impairment in cognitive function, particularly verbal learning and memory (Broyd et al. Cannabidiol (CBD) a ... | PMC9879826 |
Method | PMC9879826 | |||
Participants | CUD, DSM-5, psychotic disorder, allergies | ALLERGIES | Participants were recruited through website advertisements, forums and through flyers in the local community. They met the following inclusion criteria: aged 16–60, CUD of at least moderate severity (≥ 4 symptoms, assessed by clinical interview for DSM-5 symptoms, conducted by trained psychologists), capacity to give w... | PMC9879826 |
Procedures and measures | ’ | MAY | The trial was approved by the UK Health Research Authority (13/EE/0303) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Agency (20,363/0325/001–0001) and was prospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02044809) and the EU Clinical Trials Register (2013–000,361-36). The trial was a single-centre, randomised, do... | PMC9879826 |
Cognitive outcomes | PMC9879826 | |||
Prose recall | Verbal episodic memory, Wilson et al. | Verbal episodic memory performance was assessed using the prose recall task, a modified measurement from the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test battery (Wilson et al. | PMC9879826 | |
Stop signal | Response inhibition was assessed using the stop signal task. During this computer-based task, white arrows appeared sequentially in the centre of the screen. Participants pressed a key on the keyboard based on the direction that the arrow was pointing in (left or right). In 25% of trials, the arrow turned from white to... | PMC9879826 | ||
Trail-making task | Psychomotor speed, attention and task switching were assessed using the trail-making task (TMT; Reitan | PMC9879826 | ||
Digit span | Working memory was assessed using the digit span task (Wechsler | PMC9879826 | ||
Verbal fluency | Finally, verbal fluency was assessed using a letter (phonemic), category (semantic) and drug (cannabis) fluency prompts. Participants were required to generate as many words related to each prompt as they could within 1 min. The number of relevant, unique words mentioned was recorded and summed for each variation.Alter... | PMC9879826 | ||
Statistical analysis | P. | A power analysis conducted for the primary outcome of the main trial (time by group interaction on reduction in cannabis use) indicated that 12 participants per group would provide 80% power to detect an effect of CBD on cannabis use, based on a previous study of CBD on cigarette use in tobacco smokers (T. P. Freeman e... | PMC9879826 | |
Results | CUD, DSM-5 | Demographic details of participants in each treatment group are provided in Table Baseline participant demographics. Data shown are frequencies and means (standard deviations) as appropriateDays of cannabis used assessed via timeline follow-back interview. CUD symptoms assessed using DSM-5 interviewCONSORT flow diagram | PMC9879826 | |
Secondary outcomes | digits recall backwards | SECONDARY | For the backwards digit span, there was a significant dose-by-time interaction at 800 mg CBD (0.76, 95%CIs: 0.01, 1.54), but not at 400 mg CBD (0.41, 95%CIs: − 0.34, 1.25). The change in performance was 0.30 (95%CIs: 0.02, 0.58) in the 800 mg group; 0.13, (95%CIs: − 0.14, 0.42) in the 400 mg group, and − 0.08 (95%CIs: ... | PMC9879826 |
Exploratory analyses | To determine if there was an effect of change in cannabis use on cognitive function, we added urinary THC:COOH levels (measured at both baseline and week 4) as a time-varying covariate and an interaction term of urinary THC:COOH by time as fixed effects to the models. For all models, adding these as fixed effects did n... | PMC9879826 | ||
Discussion | CUD, anxiety | BLIND | We used a comprehensive cognitive task battery to assess performance before and after 4-week treatment with daily oral 400 mg CBD, 800 mg CBD or placebo in a double-blind, randomised and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Contrary to our hypotheses, there was no effect of CBD on delayed prose recall compared to the pla... | PMC9879826 |
Funding | The trial was supported by a UK Medical Research Council Developmental Pathway Funding Scheme award (MR/K015524/1). The funder played no role in the collection, analysis or interpretation of data, writing of the report or the decision to submit for publication. This work was supported in part by grant MR/N0137941/1 for... | PMC9879826 | ||
Data Availability | The participants of this study did not give written consent for their data to be shared publicly, so the research supporting data is not available. | PMC9879826 | ||
Declarations | PMC9879826 | |||
Conflict of interest | CH became a full-time member of GW pharmaceuticals after the conclusion of the clinical trial. All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. | PMC9879826 | ||
References | PMC9879826 | |||
Background | T2DM | TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS | This prospective study aimed to compare telemedicine-assisted structured self-monitoring of blood glucose(SMBG) with a traditional blood glucose meter (BGM) in adults of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). | PMC10500819 |
Methods | diabetes self-management behaviors, low blood glucose, T2DM, diabetes | DIABETES | Adult participants with T2DM were assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The patients in the intervention group received a connected BGM with real-time data submission as well as individual needs-based tele-coaching to address and improve motivation and daily diabetes self-management. The patients in the... | PMC10500819 |
Results | hypoglycemia, diabetes self-management behaviors | HYPOGLYCEMIA, DIABETES | The study demonstrated the superiority of the telemedicine-assisted structured SMBG versus the traditional BGM for improving HbA1c. Additionally, the telemedicine-assisted SMBG reduced the risk of hypoglycemia and enhanced diabetes self-management behaviors, as differences in the LBGI and the Diabetes Self-Management Q... | PMC10500819 |
Conclusions | T2DM | HYPOGLYCEMIA, DISEASE PROGRESSION | Telemedicine-assisted structured SMBG helps physicians and patients to achieve a specific level of glycemic control and reduce hypoglycemia. The use of coaching applications and telemedicine-assisted SMBG indicated beneficial effects for T2DM self-management, which may help limit disease progression. | PMC10500819 |
Trial registration | Chinese Clinical Trail Registry No: ChiCTR2300072356 on 12/06/2023. Retrospectively registered. | PMC10500819 | ||
Keywords | PMC10500819 | |||
Introduction | diabetic, T1DM, T2DM, diabetes | DIABETES MELLITUS (DM), DISEASES, COMPLICATIONS, DIABETES | Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the world’s most serious non-infectious diseases and a major threat to human health. The World Health Organization estimates that 366 million patients will be suffering from diabetes by 2030, twice the number of patients in 2000 [DM is classified into type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2D... | PMC10500819 |
Research design and methods | PMC10500819 | |||
Participant recruitment | T2DM, diabetes | ACUTE INFECTION, MALIGNANT TUMOR, LIVER FAILURE, DIABETES | This study was an open-label randomized (1:1) trial involving patients with T2DM with suboptimal glycemic control (7% ≤ HbA1c ≤ 11%), aged 18–75 years, with a diabetes duration of 5–10 years. The exclusion criteria were acute infection, malignant tumor, liver failure, pregnancy or lactation, long-term cortisol treatmen... | PMC10500819 |
Intervention | diabetes | DIABETES | The participants were allocated randomly to an intervention group or a control group. The study was not blinded. Before the study, the patients in both groups received a self-management guide and a blood glucose meter(BGM). The name of the BGM was SINOMEDISITE as showing in Fig.
The blood glucose meter named SINOMEDIS... | PMC10500819 |
Statistical analysis | Assuming a standard deviation of HbA1c of 0.9% and considering as clinically relevant a minimum between group difference in HbA1c levels of 0.4%, the number of patients to be enrolled to ensure a power of 80% (alpha = 0.05) was 121 patients per arm. Assuming a dropout rate of 40%, 410 patients were needed. Randomizatio... | PMC10500819 | ||
Results | hypoglycemic, high-density lipoprotein, SD, fasting blood glucose | As demonstrated in Fig.
Study design and flow chart
Patients’ characteristics on baselineTestingfrequency(times/month)Data are means ± SD or n (%). FBG, fasting blood glucose; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; OAD, oral hypoglycemic drugs*P<0.05 | PMC10500819 | |
Primary outcome | high-density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose | At 6 months, the unadjusted mean HbA1c values were 7.38% for the intervention group and 7.98% for the control group(
Comparison of the differences between groupsBaseline(n = 212)3 Month(n = 136)6 Month(n = 115)Baseline(n = 206)3 Month(n = 101)6 Month(n = 65)Data is means ± SD, median and interquartile range, or n (%). ... | PMC10500819 | |
Secondary outcomes | Diabetes | DIABETES | The baseline LBGI values for the intervention group and the control group were 2.62 (SD: 1.76) and 2.71 (SD: 1.15), respectively, which decreased to 2.12 (SD: 0.96) and 2.52 (SD: 1.14) by month 6, respectively. The paired
The baseline LBGI for the intervention group and the control group were 2.62(SD 1.76) and 2.71(SD... | PMC10500819 |
Other outcomes | Overall, there was no difference between the intervention and the control group in terms of BMI, systolic BP, diastolic BP, TC, HDL, and LDL at 6 months. However, the independent-samples | PMC10500819 | ||
Discussion | T2DM, diabetes | DIABETES | This study examined the results of a telemedicine system (involving the use of telemedical devices and a coaching app) on the indicators of T2DM control over a 6-month period; the results demonstrated the superiority of the telemedicine system over the traditional approach for improving HbA1c. Additionally, we found a ... | PMC10500819 |
Acknowledgements |
The authors thank all the physicians and technicians in the department of endocrinology and bio-chemical lab in Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University for their contribution. | PMC10500819 | ||
Authors’ contributions |
CH, MZ and JZ conceived the idea and conceptualised the study. JL, WX, PW, HJ and XY collected the data. CH, WX, PW, HJ, JL and XY analysed the data. CH drafted the manuscript, then MZ and JZ reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final draft. | PMC10500819 | ||
Funding |
This study was funded by Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (No. 20204Y0060), Science and Technology Development Fund Project of Qingpu District in Shanghai (No. QKY2021-03). The funding body played no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, interpretation of data. | PMC10500819 | ||
Data Availability | The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. | PMC10500819 | ||
Declarations | PMC10500819 | |||
Competing interests | The authors declare no competing interests. | PMC10500819 | ||
Ethics approval and consent to participate |
I confirm that I have read the Editorial Policy pages. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University (Approval No: Qing Yi 2021-25). This study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obta... | PMC10500819 | ||
Consent for publication | Not applicable. | PMC10500819 | ||
Abbreviations | diabetes | DIABETES | Self-monitoring of blood glucoseType 2 diabetes mellitusGlycated hemoglobinLow blood glucose indexDiabetes Self-Management QuestionnaireDiabetes mellitusType 1 diabetes mellitusApplicationsFasting blood glucoseBody mass indexBlood pressureTotal cholesterolTriglyceridesHigh density lipoproteinLow density lipoprotein2h-p... | PMC10500819 |
References | PMC10500819 | |||
1. Introduction | Obesity, obesity, inflammation, overweight, overweight or obesity | OBESITY, OBESITY, INFLAMMATION, MALNUTRITION, PATHOGENESIS | Current address: Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.Background and aims: Obesity is a public health problem. The usual treatment is a reduction in calorie intake and an increase in energy expenditure, but not all individuals respond equally to these t... | PMC10746100 |
2. Materials and Methods | PMC10746100 | |||
2.1. Study Population | overweight | The population selected in this research was from the Obekit study, in which 314 Spanish individuals with overweight and obesity were initially recruited. The study lasted from October 2015 to February 2017 and was carried out in the Metabolic Unit of the Nutrition Research Center of the University of Navarra.The inclu... | PMC10746100 | |
2.2. Study Design | HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA, HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION, DYSLIPIDEMIA | Using the Obekit study database, the variables of interest for this research were selected from the 306 participants. General data such as sex; date of birth; and pathological history such as dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and arterial hypertension were taken. The biochemical and anthropometr... | PMC10746100 | |
2.3. Nutritional Intervention | The nutritional intervention lasted 4 months. The diets used for the study had a 30% calorie restriction. The individual energy requirements of each participant were estimated at the beginning, calculating their energy expenditure at rest and during physical activity, to prescribe the hypocaloric diets in a random mann... | PMC10746100 | ||
2.4. Anthropometric and Biochemical Determinations | TG | BLOOD | All participants underwent standardized procedures to measure body weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the formula weight (kg) divided by height in squared meters [Blood samples were drawn after 12 h of fasting to obtain serum and plasma samples for... | PMC10746100 |
2.5. DNA Isolation and Bisulfite Conversion | BLOOD | Blood samples taken at the beginning of the study were centrifuged at 4 °C for 15 min to obtain plasma and isolate the buffy coat fraction. DNA extraction was performed with the “MasterPure” DNA purification kit for blood version II (Epicentre Biotechnologies, Madison, WI, USA), and it was quantified with a spectrophot... | PMC10746100 | |
2.6. Array Analysis | The levels of methylated DNA were evaluated using the “Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip” kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA), which includes 850,000 methylation sites. Samples were scanned with an “Illumina HiScanSQ” system, and image intensities were extracted with “GenomeStudio v1.9” methylation software (Illumina, C... | PMC10746100 | ||
2.8. Statistical Analysis | Variables were expressed as the mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean). To characterize the basal anthropometric and biochemical data of the general population, the | PMC10746100 | ||
2.9. Statistical Analysis for the Prediction Model | For the selection of CpG sites obtained in the methylation array, the CpG sites that presented >0.1 standard deviations were chosen. Then, a Spearman’s correlation analysis was performed with the CpG sites correlating their methylation with the percentage of BMI loss and selecting for each diet those that presented The... | PMC10746100 | ||
3. Results | The results show the basal and post-intervention anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of the population with the MHP and LF diet. | PMC10746100 | ||
3.1. Anthropometric and Biochemical Data at Baseline | Statistical analysis of the baseline anthropometric and biochemical data of the 201 participants who were divided into two dietary intervention groups, 93 on the MHP diet and 108 on the LF diet ( | PMC10746100 | ||
3.2. Anthropometric and Biochemical Values after the Dietary Intervention and BMI Loss Prediction Model for the MHP and LF Diets Based on DNA Methylation Data | Of the 306 participants, 73 subjects did not complete the dietary intervention, and 32 participants had low adherence to the diets, obtaining post-intervention data from 201 participants: 93 on the MHP diet and 108 on the LF diet (The statistical analyses of the changes in the anthropometric and biochemical variables i... | PMC10746100 | ||
3.3. Design of Weighted Sub-Scores That Contain the CpG Sites of Each Diet and the Calculation of the Total Methylation Score for the Prediction Model | REGRESSIONS | Weighted sub-scores were made for each diet, using the sum of the previously selected CpG sites and multiplying them by the beta coefficients obtained in each of the multiple linear regressions of the MHP diet and the LF diet (To obtain a total score for each individual that would allow to be included as a term for the... | PMC10746100 | |
3.6. Biological Role of the Genes Related to the CpG Sites Selected for the Prediction Model | The biological role of the genes related to the CpG sites obtained in | PMC10746100 | ||
4. Discussion | In this research project, the association between DNA methylation in the blood and the reduction of the BMI percentage with an intervention with two types of diets, a moderately high-protein diet (MHP) and a low-fat diet (LF), was studied in a Spanish population. Likewise, the CpG sites which basal methylation was asso... | PMC10746100 | ||
4.1. Methylation Analyzed in Blood Samples Showing Association with the BMI | Thirty-four CpG sites for the MHP diet and twenty CpG sites for the LF diet were identified in blood and were associated with the percentage of BMI loss. This relationship of methylation sites with BMI has been observed in previous studies, such as in a clinical trial in a multiethnic Asian population that identified t... | PMC10746100 | ||
4.2. Genes Related to CpG Sites Associated with the Percentage of BMI Loss for the MHP Diet and for the LF Diet | obesity, gastric cancer | OBESITY, GASTRIC CANCER | Another finding of this investigation is the biological role of the genes with the methylation sites in the blood associated with the percentage of BMI loss for both diets. Of these genes, those with functions in the cell cycle, the immune system, and metabolism were highlighted.In an experimental study, they analyzed ... | PMC10746100 |
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