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MATERIALS AND METHODS
PMC10712802
Study scenario
infertility
The study was a prospective, randomized balanced (1:1) between two groups, and comparative in a single centre developed during the professional master’s course, held at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). This study was conducted in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The participant...
PMC10712802
Participants
Infertility, infertility
ENDOCRINOPATHIES, ENDOMETRIOSIS, INFERTILITY
Eligible participants were couples undergoing ART, with indication of tubal and ovulatory factors, as well as infertility factors without apparent cause, who were aged <35 years, with at least six oocytes recovered after ovarian stimulation, and who agreed to sign the informed consent form (ICF). Patients with endocrin...
PMC10712802
INTERVENTIONS
PMC10712802
Ovarian stimulation, cycle monitoring, and follicular aspiration
Ovarian stimulation was performed in all participants using 150 µi of urinary gonadotropin until the 10
PMC10712802
Semen preparation
The analysis followed the guidelines of the World Health Organization, 2010 (
PMC10712802
Fertilization by intravaginal culture with the invocell™ device
CAVITY
The cumulus oophorus complex were inseminated in the INVOCell™ device following the manufacturer’s recommendation, which is to use continuous culture medium supplemented with 10 % synthetic serum (Ingamed®) and a concentration of 40.000 sperm recovered/ml, with a volume of 1000 µL. The device was subsequently inserted ...
PMC10712802
Conventional IVF
IVF was performed using the technique of a single well with continuous culture medium supplemented with 10 % synthetic serum (Ingamed®) and a concentration of 40.000 sperm recovered/ml, with a volume of 800 µL and covered with 200 µL of mineral oil. The inseminated cumulus oophorus complex were cultured for five or thr...
PMC10712802
Outcomes
Listeria
SECONDARY, DEGENERATE, HAEMOPHILUS
The primary outcome of the study is related to the formation of the embryos, both on the 5The embryonic classification of Group D5 was performed according to the degree of blastocoel expansion (1 to 4), 1 - early blastocyst, 2 - blastocyst, 3 - expanded blastocyst and 4 - hatched blastocyst (To calculate the cleavage r...
PMC10712802
Statistical methods
Data analyses were performed using Student’s
PMC10712802
RESULTS
DEGENERATE
The flow of study participants can be seen in Demographic parameters of the elegible couples.Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and in parentheses the 95 % confidence interval.T test (5 % significance).D3= participants of group with embryonic culture for three daysD5 = participants of group with embryoni...
PMC10712802
REFERENCES
PMC10712802
Subject terms
OBSTETRIC COMPLICATION
Ethiopia has implemented maternity waiting homes over the last several decades; however, its utilization is low. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with knowledge of and attitude towards maternity waiting homes among pregnant women in rural Ethiopia. The baseline survey was conducted from September 15 to...
PMC10363115
Introduction
deaths
Globally, the maternal mortality ratio was estimated to be 223 per 100,000 live births in 2020 and majority (95%) of maternal deaths have been reported to occur in resource-limited settingsIncreasing health facility deliveries is vital for reducing maternal and neonatal mortalityLack of awareness about MWHs, women’s pe...
PMC10363115
Methods and materials
PMC10363115
Study setting
The baseline data used in this analysis were collected from Ana Lemo and Gibe districts of Hadiya Zone of southern Ethiopia from September 15 to October 30, 2022. The two districts were purposefully selected based on the availability of functional MWHs. Based on the information we obtained from the Zonal health departm...
PMC10363115
Study participants
The study participants were pregnant women in the beginning of second trimesters of pregnancy (14–16 weeks of gestation) who were permanent residents of the study area, gave birth within the last 5 years preceding the current pregnancy, were living with their male partners at the time of data collection, were living ≥ ...
PMC10363115
Background about the trial
The data source for this analysis was a baseline survey conducted prior to intervention roll-out in an ongoing cluster-randomized trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of health education provided to couples on improving knowledge, attitude, and uptake of MWHs: group health education, home visits and provision of t...
PMC10363115
Sample size calculations
The Hooper and Bourke method for cluster randomization studies of parallel arms with repeated cross-sections was used to calculate the sample sizeThe second design effect (dThe second design effect (dThe required sample size was then calculated by multiplying the ‘sample size assuming individual randomization’ by both ...
PMC10363115
Ethics approval
Ethical approval letter was received from the IRB of Jimma University with reference number JUIRB-33/22, dated 09/02/2022. Consequently, a letter of permission was obtained from the Health Department of the Hadiya Zone, southern Ethiopia. The study participants were informed about the objective of the study, and writte...
PMC10363115
Baseline survey
The baseline survey targeted 320 pregnant women from 16 clusters. There were 160 participants in each of the two arms with an average number of 20 participants in a cluster. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data through face-to-face interviews. The questionnaires were adapted from literature such as Ethio...
PMC10363115
Variables of interest and measurement
SECONDARY
The primary outcome variable was the self-reported proportion of MWH use for any pregnancy in the last 5 years whereas the secondary outcomes were knowledge of and attitudes toward MWHs. In this analysis, we aimed to assess the factors associated with knowledge and attitude towards MWHs. The proportion of MWH uptake wa...
PMC10363115
Data analysis
REGRESSION, REGRESSIONS
The data analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 25. Descriptive statistics were performed and the results were presented using text, tables, and graphs. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors associated with pregnant women’s knowledge of and attitude toward MWH...
PMC10363115
Result
PMC10363115
Obstetric related factors
OBSTETRIC COMPLICATION
Two hundred thirty-two (72.5%) and 224 (70%) participants reported parity and gravidity of four or fewer, respectively. Two hundred and seventy-two (85%) participants reported planned pregnancies, 40 (12.5%) reported gestational age at birth less than or equal to 37 weeks, and 88 (27.5%) reported a history of obstetric...
PMC10363115
Maternal health service-related factors
The proportion of participants who received ANC (at least once) was 124 (38.75%), and 76 (23.75%) used MWH. There were 84 (26.25%) institutional deliveries and 68 (21.25%) PNC visits within two weeks after delivery. Eighty-four (26.25%) participants were assessed to have good involvement of male partners in maternal he...
PMC10363115
Knowledge and attitude related to MWHs
About 108 (33.75%) of the participants demonstrated good knowledge of MWHs and 92 (28.75%) had favorable attitude towards MWHs.
PMC10363115
Discussion
This study was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a cluster randomized trial conducted in rural Ethiopia. The participants were pregnant women in their second trimester. This analysis considered data collected on women’s experiences related to MWHs with the most recent pregnancy and birth before their cur...
PMC10363115
Limitations of the study
Recall bias may have affected our findings. Because the participants were asked about their experiences of last childbirth.
PMC10363115
Conclusion and recommendation
OBSTETRIC COMPLICATION
The majority of participants had poor knowledge of MWHs, unfavorable attitudes toward MWHs, and poor male partner involvement. The utilization of MWHs is low. Age, household income, pregnancy intention, and history of obstetric complications were associated with knowledge and attitude towards MWHs. Providing health edu...
PMC10363115
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-023-39029-1.
PMC10363115
Acknowledgements
We thank Jimma University, Institute of Health, for the ethical approval and financial support. Second, we thank the staff of the Hadiya Zone Health Department and all the study participants for their cooperation. Third, we thank Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital for giving us a vehicle (Land Cruiser Pickup) for ...
PMC10363115
Author contributions
T.Y., H.G., and T.B. conceived the study and designed the methodology. T.Y. supervised the data collection, entered the data, performed the data analysis, and prepared the draft manuscript. H.G., M.H., and T.B. critically reviewed and provided comments on the draft manuscript. All the authors have read and approved the...
PMC10363115
Funding
This study was partially financed by Jimma University. However, Jimma University had no role in the design, data collection, data analysis or dissemination of the study findings.
PMC10363115
Data availability
The data will be made available from the corresponding author up on request.
PMC10363115
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
PMC10363115
References
PMC10363115
Background
non-inflammatory degenerative disease, KOA, synovial joints, Knee osteoarthritis, trauma
KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a multifactorial, slow-progressing, non-inflammatory degenerative disease primarily affecting synovial joints. It is usually induced by advanced age and/or trauma and eventually leads to irreversible destruction of articular cartilage and other tissues of the joint. Current research on KOA ...
PMC10464113
Method
This study utilized the data set from the Dryad database which included patients with Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grades 2 and 3. The KL grades was determined as the dependent variable, while 15 potential predictors were identified as independent variables. Patients were randomized into training set and validation set. The ...
PMC10464113
Result
KOA
HYPERTENSION
A total of 101 patients with KL2 and 94 patients with KL3 were selected. We randomly split the data set into a training set and a validation set by 8:2. We filtered “BMI”, “TC”, “Hypertension treatment”, and “JBS3 (%)” to build the prediction model for progression of KOA. Nomogram used to visualize the model in R langu...
PMC10464113
Conclusion
KOA
We found that KOA progression was associated with four variable predictors and constructed a predictive model for KOA progression based on the predictors. The clinician can intervene based on the nomogram of our prediction model.
PMC10464113
Key information
KOA
This study is a clinical predictive model of KOA progression. KOA progression prediction model has good credibility and clinical value in the prevention of KOA progression.
PMC10464113
Keywords
PMC10464113
Introduction
non-inflammatory degenerative disease, KOA, synovial joints, Knee osteoarthritis, trauma
KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a multifactorial, slow-progressing, non-inflammatory degenerative disease primarily affecting synovial joints. It is usually induced by advanced age and/or trauma and eventually leads to irreversible destruction of articular cartilage and other tissues of the joint [
PMC10464113
Materials and methods
PMC10464113
Sources of data and topics of study
Dryad is an open data knowledge base that stores medical, biological, and ecological data. It aims to provide an infrastructure for scholarly literature, promote its reuse, and make data from academic papers detectable, freely reusable and quotable [
PMC10464113
Data processing and statistical analysis
KOA
Data processing: 195 patients with KOA were included in the data set based on inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria was performed, including 101 (52%) with KL2 grade and 94 (48%) with KL3 grade. The reasonableness of the data has been verified by the original authors, so no further normalization is required. The da...
PMC10464113
Results
PMC10464113
Statistical description of the KOA data set
cardiovascular Disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitis, KOA, Hypertension, Diabetes
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CVD, BLOOD, HYPERTENSION, DIABETES, RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, HEART
There were 195 KOA patients in the data set, of which 101 (52%) were KL grade 2 and 94 (48%) were KL grade 3. Comparisons were made between the case and control groups in terms of “B G PRASAD SES”, “BMI”, “TC”, “HDL”, “SBP”, “Hypertension treatment”, “Histor1 of Diabetes Mellitis”, “History of CVD in close to relative ...
PMC10464113
Logistic regression with LASSO analysis and model visualization
REGRESSION
The logistic regression with LASSO analysis is performed on the training set by the “glmnet” package in R (4.2.2). The LASSO path diagram (Fig. Visualization of logistic regression with LASSO analysis and clinical prediction model.
PMC10464113
Efficacy of the KOA progression model
KOA
The ROC curve and calibration curve for the KOA progression prediction model were graphed in the R language. The area under the model's ROC curve (Fig. Efficacy of KOA progression model.
PMC10464113
Internal validation of the KOA progression model
KOA
The Bootstrap method was used for the internal validation of the training set, and the number of resampling number was set to 1000. The calibration curve MAE plotted was 0.043, which indicates that the model has a high degree of calibration (Fig. Internal validation of the KOA progression model
PMC10464113
External validation of the KOA progression model
KOA
The external validation of the model in R language based on the final predictors in the validation set yielded an area under the ROC curve (Fig. External validation of KOA progression model.
PMC10464113
DCA for KOA progression model
ALL, KOA
The DCA for KOA progression, the horizontal coordinate represents the threshold probability, which can be interpreted as the number of samples greater than this value/total number of samples after clustering by a KL classifier. The vertical coordinate is the net gain, which is the relative gain derived by subtracting t...
PMC10464113
F1-score, precision, and recall
Precision is the proportion of true positive cases that are predicted to be positive by the model. Recall is the proportion of true positive cases that are predicted to be positive by the model. The score is the reconciled mean of precision and recall, which is used to evaluate the performance of the model together. Al...
PMC10464113
Discussion
KOA
OSTEOARTHRITIS
Based on a systematic evaluation of osteoarthritis, it appears that KL grade is the most commonly used indicator of KOA progression. Combination of joint structure and clinical risk factors may be the best combination for the prediction of KOA progression [
PMC10464113
Conclusion
KOA
CVD
Briefly, we constructed a prediction model of KOA progression with high confidence. This model allows clinicians to intervene in weight control, lipid lowering, blood pressure control, and monitoring of CVD in patients with KOA in order to slow the progression of KOA.
PMC10464113
Author contributions
LS made the major contribution in statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript. SY is the guarantor of the study and made the major contribution to the conception and design of the study, revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript prior to the submission.
PMC10464113
Funding
This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (Grant No. 82172535), and the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project in Shandong Province (2019JZZY011112).
PMC10464113
Availability of data and materials
KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
The data that support the findings of this study are available in Dryad at 10.5061/dryad.79cnp5htv, reference number: 10.5061/dryad.79cnp5htv. These data were derived from the following resources available in the public domain: Goel, Sagar (2021), Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with Knee Osteoart...
PMC10464113
Declarations
PMC10464113
Competing interests
The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.
PMC10464113
References
PMC10464113
1. Introduction
aggressive online behavior, Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy
With widespread access to the internet, different patterns of online behavior emerge. One aspect of online communication that has begun to receive more attention from social science researchers is trolling behavior, which refers to disruptive and tactically aggressive online behavior [Research has shown a relationship ...
PMC10004561
1.1. Online trolling: Definition and relevance
SANFILIPPO
A troll is defined as a person who (a) starts and/or exacerbates disruptive conflict online for their amusement; (b) is often deceptive, as they tend to have second social media accounts used for trolling; (c) is tactically aggressive to increase emotional responses; and (d) disturbs regular discussions on online platf...
PMC10004561
1.3. Humor styles and online trolling
dark personality traits, humor
This study also investigated the relationship between humor styles and trolling behavior. Specifically, we aimed to investigate humor as conceptualized in the humor styles questionnaire (HSQ) [In two previous studies, active trolls stated that they engage in trolling behavior for their enjoyment [Previous research has ...
PMC10004561
1.4. Social exclusion and online trolling
behavior neglect, aggressive behaviors, narcissism, psychopathy, sadistic, humor
While findings of the Dark Tetrad traits and internet trolling are relatively consistent across studies, it is important to keep in mind that other variables may be of importance as well: Naturally, behaviors can be influenced by individual (e.g., a sadistic personality) and situational (e.g., being exposed to aggressi...
PMC10004561
2. Method
PMC10004561
2.1. Participants
This study includes 1,026 participants (
PMC10004561
2.2. Materials
Demographic questions assessed participants’ age, gender, sexuality, nationality, and favorite social media platform. It was also assessed if participants had a fake account and, if they had fake accounts, on which platforms and for what purposes.
PMC10004561
Global and immediate trolling behavior
To assess global trolling behavior, we used the revised Global Assessment of Internet Trolling (GAIT-Revised) [
PMC10004561
Dark tetrad
The Short Dark Triad (SD3) [
PMC10004561
Humor styles
humor
To assess humor styles, we used the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) [
PMC10004561
Experimental manipulation
To manipulate social exclusion, we used the Cyberball paradigm [
PMC10004561
2.3. Procedure
This study was preregistered before data collection (Throughout the survey, we placed three attention-check items. If participants gave wrong answers to these items, the experiment immediately ended and brought the subjects to an explanation page.
PMC10004561
2.4. Analysis
narcissism, psychopathy
REGRESSION
Before the analysis, people were excluded when they indicated that they had not taken the questionnaire seriously (participants were asked directly if they had taken the questionnaire seriously), were already familiar with Cyberball or were unable to see the ball-tossing program, and when they were below the age of 18....
PMC10004561
3. Results
PMC10004561
3.1. Sample descriptives
Overall, 1,026 people participated in this study;
PMC10004561
3.2. Global trolling behavior and personality traits
PMC10004561
3.2.1. Global trolling behavior and the dark tetrad
To test our first hypothesis (H1: The Dark Tetrad is positively associated with global trolling behavior) and the respective sub-hypotheses, we looked at the correlations between Dark Tetrad personality scores and global trolling behavior; see
PMC10004561
3.2.2. Global trolling behavior and humor styles
humor
To test our second hypothesis (H2: Aggressive humor is positively associated with trolling behavior) and our research question (How do affiliative, self-defeating, and self-enhancing humor relate to trolling behavior?), we checked the correlations between global trolling behavior and the four humor styles; see
PMC10004561
3.3. Immediate trolling motivation and social exclusion
To test our third hypothesis (H3: Participants who are socially excluded show increased immediate trolling motivation compared to people who are socially included), we conducted a
PMC10004561
3.4. Predicting immediate trolling motivation
narcissism, psychopathy
REGRESSION
The quantile regression results to test our fourth hypothesis (H4: Social exclusion and Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and/or sadism can predict immediate trolling motivation) are graphically presented in
PMC10004561
3.5. Robustness of findings
Due to concerns about construct validity, we conducted CFAs and consequently reran our analysis using means that excluded low loading items (see This finding is mirrored by our additional dominance analyses (see
PMC10004561
4. Discussion
Machiavellianism, aggressive behaviors, narcissism, psychopathy, aggression, aggressive behavior, dark personality traits, humor
REGRESSION
In this pre-registered study, we investigated trolling behavior and its association with the Dark Tetrad and humor styles. We found support for our first hypothesis (H1: The Dark Tetrad is positively associated with global trolling behavior): Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism showed significant posi...
PMC10004561
4.1. Limitations and further research
antisocial social media behavior, humor
This study has some limitations: Firstly, since there is no instrument to measure immediate trolling motivation, we used an adapted version of the GAIT [Moreover, assessing immediate trolling behaviors (observable) rather than motivation (self-report measure) could prove more fruitful in future online trolling research...
PMC10004561
5. Conclusion
narcissism, psychopathy
REGRESSION
The present study confirms the correlational association between the Dark Tetrad of personality traits but shows that Machiavellianism and narcissism do not predict immediate trolling motivation when we control for participants’ psychopathy and sadism. Moreover, even psychopathy and sadism are only significant predicto...
PMC10004561
Supporting information
(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.
PMC10004561
Key Summary Points
PMC10261245
Aim
To explore characteristics of community-dwelling cyclists aged 65 years and older with a self-perceived need to increase cycling competence.
PMC10261245
Findings
The majority (68%) of this collective reported being unsafe when cycling and 41% had a bicycle fall in the past year. More than half of the participants showed at least one limitation in each of the measured cycling skills required for safe cycling.
PMC10261245
Message
Knowledge about cycling behavior, bicycle type and cycling competence of older cyclists facilitates the planning of intervention programs and road safety campaigns to prevent mobility losses and accidents.
PMC10261245
Background
Older cyclists are in great risk of being injured or killed in a traffic-related accident and their needs should find more consideration in safety guidelines, urban planning, and future intervention programs.
PMC10261245
Objective
The aim for this cross-sectional analysis was to comprehensively explore characteristics of community-dwelling cyclists aged 65 years and older with a self-perceived need to increase cycle competence.
PMC10261245
Methods
118 older adults (mean age 73.3 ± 5.2 years, 61% women) performed a standardized cycle course representing specific cycling skills. Additionally, health and functional assessments were carried out and characteristics regarding demographic, health, falls, bicycle equipment/type and cycling biography/behavior were obtain...
PMC10261245
Results
The majority (67.8%) of this community-dwelling adults reported being unsafe when cycling and 41.3% had a bicycle fall in the past year. More than half of the participants showed at least one limitation in each of the measured cycling skills. Women significantly had more frequent limitations in four of the cycling skil...
PMC10261245
Conclusion
Limitations in cycling should be compensated by preventive bicycle training and a safe cycling infrastructure. Bicycle fit, the wearing of bicycle helmets and promotion of a sense of security while cycling can further reduce accident risk and must find recognition in safety guidelines. In addition, educational initiati...
PMC10261245
Keywords
Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
PMC10261245
Introduction
In an aging society that faces the consequences of climate change, cycling as a convenient communal mode of transportation is gaining importance. Riding the bicycle is affordable, environmentally friendly, and has positive effects on public health [In the context of analyzing bicycle safety issues in older cohorts, res...
PMC10261245
Methods
PMC10261245