title
stringlengths
1
1.19k
keywords
stringlengths
0
668
concept
stringlengths
0
909
paragraph
stringlengths
0
61.8k
PMID
stringlengths
10
11
Results
PMC10582808
Engagement and Usability of the Vire App
The median completion rate of The usability of the Vire app (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) is presented in Table S11 in
PMC10582808
Economic Evaluation
PMC10582808
Overview
On average, the cost of implementing the intervention per participant was Aus $1086.55 (Table S12 in
PMC10582808
Discussion
PMC10582808
Principal Findings
decrease sedentary behavior, anxiety
The use of the Vire app and ToDo-CR program was not effective in reducing hospital admissions and ED presentations nor did it significantly decrease sedentary behavior compared with usual care over 12 months. Participants in the intervention group were more likely to have a cardiac-related hospital admission; however, ...
PMC10582808
Comparison With Prior Work
chest pain, CHD
CARDIAC EVENTS
Intervention participants were 50% more likely to have a hospital admission, twice as likely to have an ED presentation, and 3 times more likely to be admitted to the hospital for a cardiac-related hospital admission. This contrasts with the studies by Widmer et al [Cardiac rehabilitation is associated with significant...
PMC10582808
Strengths and Limitations
Device-measured sedentary behavior
RECRUITMENT
This study has several strengths being one of the first published studies to explore the impact of a sedentary behavior change smartphone app on hospital admissions and its cost-effectiveness. Device-measured sedentary behavior was analyzed, personalization and clinical guidelines were championed, and the study include...
PMC10582808
Conclusions
ToDo-CR behavior
RECRUITMENT
It does not appear that the Vire app and ToDo-CR program targeting sedentary behavior is an outcome-effective or cost-effective solution to reduce all-cause hospital admissions or ED presentations in cardiac rehabilitation participants. Although those using the Vire app and the ToDo-CR program had more hospital admissi...
PMC10582808
Abbreviations
Australian Refined Diagnosis Related GroupAssessment of Quality of Lifecoronary heart diseaseConsolidated Standards of Reporting Trialscounts per minuteemergency departmentincremental cost-effectiveness ratiovector magnitude
PMC10582808
1. Introduction
obesity, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea
OBESITY, NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER, SECONDARY, CHILDHOOD OBESITY, METABOLIC SYNDROME, TYPE 2 DIABETES, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
Physical inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle are risk factors for excess weight and obesity in childhood. It is, therefore, necessary to adopt strategies which can modify these behaviors during childhood, the age at which habits are formed. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention using d...
PMC9966386
2. Materials and Methods
PMC9966386
2.1. Study Design and Population
sedentary behaviors, weight reduction
This study is part of a community trial whose main purpose was to evaluate the effect of a multi-component educational intervention aimed at schoolchildren and their parents. The intervention consisted of promoting healthy eating habits, increased physical activity, and decreased time spent in sedentary behavior in sch...
PMC9966386
2.2. Study Groups
In the IG, a multicomponent intervention known as ALAS (Aliméntate y Actívate Sanamente or “Eat and activate yourself healthily”) was implemented from October 2013 to July 2014. The intervention involved children and their parents from participating schools [The educational materials of the different components promote...
PMC9966386
2.3. Measurements
SECONDARY, CHILDHOOD OBESITY
Parents answered a questionnaire adapted from a validated Activity and Inactivity of Mexican Students (CAINM) questionnaire [The parents stated the type of exercise or sports activities performed by their children outside of school activities, the frequency (days per week), and the average duration of each session. Thi...
PMC9966386
2.4. Statistical Analysis
Descriptive statistics were used to compare the characteristics of the study groups. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare quantitative variables without normal distribution between groups at baseline. Categorical variables were compared between groups using Pearson’s chi-squared test.The change in the number of ...
PMC9966386
3. Results
PMC9966386
3.4. Parental Exposure to Educational Material
Additionally, parental exposure to educational material in the IG was evaluated. Regarding the face-to-face information sessions, 43.3% (n = 87) of parents did not attend any of the sessions, 37.8% (n = 76) attended only one, 16.8% (n = 34) attended two, and 2.0% (n = 4) attended the three sessions that were held durin...
PMC9966386
4. Discussion
obesity, sedentary behaviors
OBESITY, CHILDHOOD OBESITY
This study reports the results of a multicomponent educational intervention on the level of PA and sedentary behavior among schoolchildren based upon the use of digital media and face-to-face activities with the schoolchildren and their parents, and the school community in general, along with the use of visual material...
PMC9966386
5. Conclusions
The intervention of multiple face-to-face components (e.g., workshops, museum visits, informative posters, and educational materials) and remote components (websites and text messages to mobile phones) directed toward both parents and schoolchildren reduced the reported daily time that schoolchildren spent in front of ...
PMC9966386
Supplementary Materials
The following supporting information can be downloaded at: Click here for additional data file.
PMC9966386
Author Contributions
A.V.-D., X.D., G.M.-A., E.M. and J.V.-G. participated in performing the statistical analysis and critically reviewed the manuscript. S.F.-H., M.K.-K. and J.V.-G. participated in the design and co-ordination of the study and critically reviewed the manuscript. A.L.M.-L. participated in the critical analysis of the resul...
PMC9966386
Institutional Review Board Statement
The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board, Ethics, and Biosafety Committee of Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (protocol code HIM/2013/003).
PMC9966386
Informed Consent Statement
Informed consent and assent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study and their parents.
PMC9966386
Data Availability Statement
The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not available publicly.
PMC9966386
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
PMC9966386
PURPOSE
colon cancer
COLON CANCER
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has potential advantages over standard postoperative chemotherapy for locally advanced colon cancer but requires formal evaluation.
PMC10022855
METHODS
colon cancer
COLON CANCER
Patients with radiologically staged T3-4, N0-2, M0 colon cancer were randomly allocated (2:1) to 6 weeks oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine preoperatively plus 18 postoperatively (NAC group) or 24 weeks postoperatively (control group). Patients with
PMC10022855
RESULTS
tumor, obstructive symptoms
REGRESSION, TUMOR, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
Of 699 patients allocated to NAC, 674 (96%) started and 606 (87%) completed NAC. In total, 686 of 699 (98.1%) NAC patients and 351 of 354 (99.2%) control patients underwent surgery. Thirty patients (4.3%) allocated to NAC developed obstructive symptoms requiring expedited surgery, but there were fewer serious postopera...
PMC10022855
CONCLUSION
colon cancer
REGRESSION, DISEASE, RECURRENCE, COLON CANCER
Six weeks of preoperative oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy for operable colon cancer can be delivered safely, without increasing perioperative morbidity. This chemotherapy regimen, when given preoperatively, produces marked histopathologic down-staging, fewer incomplete resections, and better 2-year disease co...
PMC10022855
INTRODUCTION
cancer, Colorectal cancer
CANCER, COLORECTAL CANCER
Colorectal cancer is the second commonest cancer worldwide, with 1.7 million diagnoses annually.
PMC10022855
CONTEXT
tumor, MMR-proficient colon cancer, cancers, toxicity, toxicities, colon cancer, Might chemoresistant cancers
TUMOR, RECURRENCE, CANCERS, DISEASE, COLON CANCER, PERIOPERATIVE COMPLICATION, REGRESSION
To determine whether giving the first 6 weeks of chemotherapy preoperatively might safely reduce recurrence risk in patients with locally advanced but operable colon cancer. Neoadjuvant oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy for radiologically selected locally advanced operable colon cancer can be delivered safely...
PMC10022855
METHODS
PMC10022855
Trial Procedures
tumor, bowel obstruction, CT-predicted T stage
TUMOR, BOWEL OBSTRUCTION, COLON CANCER
The initial factorial (2 × 2) design randomly assigned participants 2:1 to NAC-surgery-AC (NAC group) versus surgery-AC (control group), with The eligibility criteria included biopsy-confirmed colon cancer, CT-predicted T3-4 with extramural extension ≥ 5 mm (modified to ≥ 1 mm after the pilot phase), M0, and being fit ...
PMC10022855
Treatment
RECURRENT DISEASE
OxFU was given using a modified FOLFOX schedulePanitumumab, if allocated, was infused at 6 mg/kg over 30-90 minutes before each of the first three cycles of OxFU. If randomization for panitumumab was not planned, OxCapSurgery was scheduled 4-6 weeks after completing NAC or, for control group patients, as soon as possib...
PMC10022855
Radiologic and Pathologic Staging
REGRESSION
Lead histopathologists, radiologists, surgeons, and oncologists were appointed at each center. Radiology and histopathology training sessions were held, reaching over 300 consultants. Analyses are based on local radiologists' and histopathologists' reports, with an additional central review of regression grade, blinded...
PMC10022855
Outcome Measures
RECURRENCE, CHEMOTHERAPY EFFECTS, RECURRENT DISEASE
The primary outcome was residual or recurrent disease within 2 years from random assignment. This was chosen to maximize statistical power, as chemotherapy effects on recurrence are concentrated in this period.
PMC10022855
Statistical Methods
RECURRENCE
FOxTROT aimed to randomly assign 1,050 patients to detect a 25% proportional reduction in 2-year recurrence with NAC (eg, 32% reduced to 24%) with 80% power at
PMC10022855
RESULTS
PMC10022855
Characteristics of the Patients
T4 disease
MAY
Between May 15, 2008, and December 23, 2016, 1,053 (41%) of 2,591 potentially eligible patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to the NAC group (n = 699) or control group (n = 354), from 85 centers: 79 in the the United Kingdom (n = 949), three in Denmark (n = 88), and three in Sweden (n = 16). Baseline characteristics wer...
PMC10022855
Treatment Delivery
Nine patients (eight NAC, one control) withdrew immediately after random assignment, providing no trial-specific follow-up. Of 691 allocated to NAC who provided clinical follow-up (Fig CONSORT diagram showing flow of patients through the FOxTROT trial. FOxTROT, Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Targeted Receptor preoperat...
PMC10022855
Tolerability
PERIOPERATIVE COMPLICATION, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
There were, if anything, fewer serious perioperative complications after NAC than after immediate surgery (Table NAC Versus Control: intraoperative and postoperative complications
PMC10022855
Histopathologic Outcomes
Tumor
REGRESSION, DISEASE, RECURRENCE, TUMOR
Substantial reductions in T stage, N stage, and EMVI were seen in the NAC group, compared with controls (Data Supplement). Notably, T4 disease was reduced from 107 of 351 (31%) in the control group to 142 of 686 (21%) after NAC, (A) Tumor regression grade by treatment allocation in the NAC group, and recurrence after s...
PMC10022855
Postoperative Chemotherapy
tumors
TUMORS
Despite postoperative AC being recommended regardless of histology, AC was started more often in the NAC (584/686 [85%]) than control group (260/351 [74%]), at median postoperative intervals of 49 (IQR, 41-56) days and 48 (IQR, 42-56) days, respectively. In patients with histologically high-risk tumors (node-positive, ...
PMC10022855
Recurrence and Survival
death
RECURRENCE, DISEASE, RECURRENT DISEASE, COLON CANCER, REGRESSION
The primary outcome, residual or recurrent disease within 2 years, occurred less often in NAC group patients: 16.9% (118/699) NAC versus 21.5% (76/354) control. This corresponded to a 28% lower recurrence rate with NAC than control: rate ratio (RR) = 0.72 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.98, Risk of (A) recurrence or persistent dise...
PMC10022855
Panitumumab
There was no indication that panitumumab enhanced the efficacy of NAC in RAS-wt patients: depth of extramural invasion was similar with versus without panitumumab: 6.2 versus 7.2 mm,
PMC10022855
Subgroup Analyses
tumor, tumors
TUMOR, RECURRENCE, MUTANT, REGRESSION, RESIDUAL DISEASE, TUMORS
There was limited statistical power to investigate heterogeneity between subgroups in the effect of NAC on 2-year recurrence (Data Supplement). The more highly powered comparison of tumor regression rates within subgroups (Data Supplement) showed similar efficacy of NAC in different radiologic T and N stages, left- and...
PMC10022855
DISCUSSION
chemoresistant cancers, tumor, cancers, Tumor, toxicity, obstructive symptoms, colon cancer, tumors, primary cancer
TUMOR, RECURRENCE, CANCERS, TUMOR, CHEMOTHERAPY EFFECTS, EVENT, RECURRENT DISEASE, DISEASE, COLON CANCER, SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS, REGRESSION, REGRESSION, TUMOR STROMAL, TUMORS, PRIMARY CANCER
FOxTROT is, to our knowledge, the first phase III trial evaluating NAC in operable colon cancer. It shows that short-course (6-week) NAC can be delivered safely and produces substantial tumor regression and downstaging, reducing the likelihood of incomplete resection. The primary objective—to detect a reduction in resi...
PMC10022855
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We wish to thank the patients who participated in FOxTROT and all staff who have supported the trial. The patient representative for the trial was Alf Oliver. He contributed for the entire duration of the trial and was an active member of the trial management group.See See accompanying editorial on page
PMC10022855
PRIOR PRESENTATION
MAY
Presented in part at the 2019 ASCO annual meeting, Chicago, IL, May 31-June 4, 2019.
PMC10022855
SUPPORT
Cancer
CANCER
FOxTROT was funded by Cancer Research UK (grant reference: C551/A8283; recipient: D.M.). Additional support was provided by the Birmingham and Leeds ECMC network, the RCS Eng and Rosetrees Trust, and the Swedish Cancer Society. Panitumumab was provided free of charge by Amgen, who also supported
PMC10022855
AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
PMC10022855
REFERENCES
PMC10022855
ABSTRACT
PMC9879192
Background
Peer-led education interventions are assumed to be an effective means of increasing contraceptive utilization and demand in adolescents. However evidence is lacking on whether peer-led education is effective in promoting the demand for and use of contraceptives in adolescent girls, especially in resource-limited settin...
PMC9879192
Objective
SECONDARY
The present study evaluated the effectiveness of peer-led education interventions in improving contraceptive use, unmet needs, and demand among sexually active secondary school adolescent girls in Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia.
PMC9879192
Methods
SECONDARY
A single-blinded cluster randomised controlled trial study was performed in six randomly selected secondary schools in the Gedeo Zone, southern Ethiopia. A total of 224 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received peer-led education interventi...
PMC9879192
Result
After six months of intervention, the Differences-in-difference in contraceptive use, unmet need, and contraceptive demand between the intervention and control groups were 25.1%, 7.4%, and 17.7%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in contraceptive use [AOR = 8.7, 95% CI: (3.66, 20.83), unmet...
PMC9879192
Conclusions
School-based peer education intervention effectively improved contraceptive use and unmet needs in a low-resource setting and created demand in sexually active adolescent girls. These results support the potential utility of this approach in similar settings for the promotion of contraception use and demand.
PMC9879192
Background
Adolescence is the phase of life between the ages of 10 and 19 [Adolescent girls in developing countries actively engage in unprotected sexual intercourse, and one-third do not use modern contraception [Adolescents are frequently too embarrassed to talk about sexuality with their sexual partners, which makes them unabl...
PMC9879192
Method and materials
PMC9879192
Setting and period
SECONDARY
The study was performed in the Gedeo Zone of southern Ethiopia, 362 km from Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. The Zone is divided into nine districts: Bule, Gedeb, Kuchare, Wonago, Yirgachafe, Kedida Gubata, Raphe, and Chorso. There are three hospitals, 35 health centres, and 146 health posts in the Zone. The total...
PMC9879192
Trial design
SECONDARY
A single-blinded school-based parallel cluster-randomised controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of peer-led education interventions in generating contraceptive use, unmet needs, and demand in sexually active secondary school adolescent girls. This trial was registered ...
PMC9879192
Participants
SECONDARY
The study participants for this intervention were 224 sexually active secondary school adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years who attended secondary school in the Gedeo Zone, southern Ethiopia. The study protocol is described per the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items Recommendations for Intervention Trials) checklist [
PMC9879192
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
ill
SECONDARY
Governmental secondary schools in the Gedeo Zone, teachers of biology and chemistry, selected peer educators and randomly chosen sexually active students were included in this study. However, participants who refused to provide written and informed consent, who were seriously ill during the intervention, and who refuse...
PMC9879192
Peer educator and teacher selection process
Four outstanding, responsible, and communicative students were selected as peer educators in the intervention school in each section. Two biology and chemistry teachers per school were also recruited. The primary role of the peer educator was to facilitate the peer education session. The role of the teacher was to moni...
PMC9879192
The training of peer educators
Peer educators received a standard training program. First, peer educators and teachers attended a training session for 10 days. The training content included intensive teaching, group discussions, and knowledge competitions. The training theme was divided into four sections: general introduction to reproductive health...
PMC9879192
Intervention procedure
SECONDARY
Before the beginning of the intervention, letters of invitation were given to selected female adolescents aged 18–19 years and sent to parents/guardians of adolescents aged 15–17 attending six secondary schools. Peer educators disseminated information on modern contraception to their peers via exciting structures, such...
PMC9879192
Intervention fidelity
The investigators developed criteria to assess the intervention’s fidelity based on the standards for peer education programs guideline [To balance the differences, equal numbers of participants were drawn from eligible students for the intervention and control groups. To standardise the intervention within the interve...
PMC9879192
Outcome measurements
PMC9879192
Primary outcomes
PMC9879192
Contraceptive use
This was defined as the use of any one of the modern contraceptive methods during and after the intervention period (at the time of the end-line data survey).
PMC9879192
Unmet need for contraceptives
This was defined as the proportion of sexually active respondents who did not want to become pregnant and intended to use contraceptives but failed to do so during and after the intervention was delivered. The minimum time frame for assessment was six months after the initiation of the intervention.
PMC9879192
Contraceptive demand
This was defined as the proportion of sexually active respondents currently using contraception or participants exposed to an unmet need for contraceptives during and after the intervention period. The minimum time frame for assessment was six months after the initiation of the intervention.
PMC9879192
Sample size determination and sampling
SECONDARY
The sample size was determined using G-Power statistical software version 3.1.5. The assumption for the sample size was that two population proportions have an estimated prevalence (P1) of modern contraceptive use among secondary school students of 57% [However, only 224 participants who were currently sexually active ...
PMC9879192
Randomisation
SECONDARY, BLIND
After the first phase of baseline data collection, schools were stratified into individual assignments of intervention or control groups. From nine secondary schools (clusters) in the Gedeo Zone, six schools (clusters) were randomly selected for the study, which resulted in three intervention and three control groups.T...
PMC9879192
Data collection procedure and tool
The study used a questionnaire adapted from the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS 2014) and similar studies [
PMC9879192
Data quality control
An experienced language expert translated the questionnaire from English into the local language and back-translated it into English to ensure consistency. A pre-test was performed to ensure the understandability and clarity of the questionnaire. Data collectors and supervisors received two-day training on the study’s ...
PMC9879192
Data processing and analysis
generalised
Data were entered into Epi Info version 7.2 software and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Descriptive summaries, such as frequency and proportion, are presented. The group (intervention vs. control) difference was investigated using the chi-squared test for categorical variables. Pre- and post-intervention dif...
PMC9879192
Results
The study enrolled 218 eligible participants. Six participants were excluded from the study, five from the intervention arm and one from the control arm, for different reasons. Overall, the mean age of the participants was 16.97 (±1.38 ±SD) years. Most study participants in the intervention arm (91, 84.3%) and control ...
PMC9879192
Baseline contraceptive use-related characteristics of adolescents in secondary schools in the Gedeo Zone
SECONDARY
There was a statistically significant difference in contraceptive method use between the intervention and control groups prior to the intervention program (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in unmet need for contraceptives and contraceptive demand (P > 0.05) (B...
PMC9879192
Generalised estimating equation (GEE) intervention results of secondary school students in the Gedeo Zone
SECONDARY
After controlling for potential confounders in the GEE multivariate model, the odds of sexually active adolescents using contraception in the intervention group were 8.7 times more likely in the intervention group than the control group [AOR = 8.7, 95% CI: 3.66, 20.83]. Unmet needs were six times more likely in the con...
PMC9879192
Discussion
WEST
There is a growing demand for sexual and reproductive health programs for adolescents in developing countries. However, there is not sufficient evidence on whether peer-led education effectively promotes the demand for and use of contraceptives among adolescent girls, especially in resource-limited settings. Therefore,...
PMC9879192
Intervention
There is considerable resistance to providing contraceptive information to unmarried adolescents in many societies, which is embedded in community norms, sociocultural expectations, and contradictions prohibiting contraceptive use [
PMC9879192
Conclusion
School-based peer education intervention effectively improved contraceptive use and unmet needs in a low-resource setting and created demand among sexually active adolescent girls. This result supports the potential utility of the approach in similar settings for the promotion of contraception use and demand.
PMC9879192
Acknowledgments
All authors thank Jimma University and Dilla University for ethical approval and funding. We also thank the study participants for their thoughtful responses and involvement in this study and the assigned personnel involved in the data collection process for their outstanding commitment.
PMC9879192
Authors’ contributions
YAW
YAW interpreted the data, wrote the methodology, and prepared and reviewed the manuscript. ZBK and GTD wrote the methods, reviewed the manuscript, performed data cleaning and analyses, and carefully revised the contents.
PMC9879192
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
PMC9879192
Ethics and consent
The Institutional Review Board of Jimma University gave ethical clearance with the reference number IHRPG995/20/11/2020. Written informed consent was obtained from a parent or legal guardian for study participation after providing detailed information on study objectives and benefits. The procedure used in this study a...
PMC9879192
Paper context
Pregnancy and childbirth among adolescents are major global health concerns. Adolescents in resource-poor settings have limited or no access to sexual and reproductive health education and contraception. School-aged adolescents are a significant target population for health promotion programs, particularly programs add...
PMC9879192
References
PMC9879192
Abstract
Huiping Li Principal Investigator: Huiping Li
PMC10712902
Background
This head-to-head study compared a 3-week versus 4-week schedule of
PMC10712902
Methods
HER2-negative mBC
Patients with HER2-negative mBC were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive
PMC10712902
Results
Ninety-four patients were included in the analysis (
PMC10712902
Conclusion
This study demonstrated the better antitumor activity and safety profile of a 3-week over 4-week This study compared a 3-week versus 4-week schedule of
PMC10712902
Lessons Learned
This study demonstrated the better safety profile and antitumor activity of a 3-week schedule of A 3-week schedule yielded an improved safety profile, better compliance, and fewer hospital visits.
PMC10712902
Discussion
Taxanes are considered among the most active chemotherapy agents in the standard treatment paradigm for mBC.Therefore, we performed a head-to-head randomized phase II study to compare a 3-week versus 4-week schedule of 125 mg/mTreatment scheme (In summary, this study of HER2-negative mBC demonstrated a better efficacy ...
PMC10712902
Additional Details of Endpoints or Study Design
PMC10712902
Patient Inclusion Criteria
bone lesions, peripheral nerve injury, allergy, Tumors, systemic infection, HER2-negative mBC, Cancer
BONE LESIONS, DISEASE, BRAIN METASTASES, ALLERGY, TUMORS, CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, ONCOLOGY, SYSTEMIC INFECTION, CANCER
This was a single-center, open-label, prospective phase II randomized control trial that enrolled female patients aged ≥18 years who were histologically diagnosed with HER2-negative mBC at the Beijing Cancer Hospital and received no more than 2 prior lines of chemotherapy. Patients had to have measurable disease based ...
PMC10712902