dpquoc/ARC · Datasets at Hugging Face

Unnamed: 0 int64 0 2.25k	id stringlengths 8 22	question stringlengths 17 683	A stringlengths 1 147	B stringlengths 1 134	C stringlengths 1 153	D stringlengths 1 129 ⌀	answer stringclasses 5 values
381	NYSEDREGENTS_2011_4_22	Which two activities are carried out by all species of living things?	make food and eliminate waste	hibernate and take in nutrients	grow and reproduce	migrate and seek shelter	C
382	Mercury_7216895	Which best explains why a person infected with bacteria may have a fever?	The body is responding to fight off the bacteria.	The body is releasing waste material from the bacteria.	The body is producing hormones to kill the infection.	The body is reducing the blood supply to the infection site.	A
383	Mercury_7148278	Most of the concentration of which gas results from the activity of producer organisms?	nitrogen	oxygen	water vapor	carbon dioxide	B
384	Mercury_SC_407499	What is determined by the speed that Earth rotates on its axis?	the length of a day	the energy that reaches a location	the temperature of water in the ocean	the number of seasons in a year	A
385	Mercury_7205485	The spectrum of visible light can be seen in a rainbow because white light is	reflected and transmitted.	refracted and dispersed.	absorbed and diffracted.	produced and emitted.	B
386	TIMSS_2003_4_pg70	Kate sees a full moon. About how much time will go by before the next full moon?	one week	two weeks	one month	one year	C
387	Mercury_7086713	The sediments found in a riverbed are most likely a result of which action on nearby rock?	heat	faulting	pressure	weathering	D
388	Mercury_7018235	The most common way humans contribute to the extinction of organisms is by	rotation of crops.	use of fertilizers.	destruction of habitat.	introduction of competing species.	C
389	LEAP__4_10223	Which of the following is an example of matter changing state?	heating a pan of water until the water is all gone	putting a soft-drink can in the refrigerator to cool it	heating soup on the stove until it is hot to your tongue	transferring sugar into a storage container	A
390	Mercury_7143325	A car runs out of fuel while traveling on a level road and eventually comes to a stop. Which of the following best explains why the car stops?	Some of the energy of the car was lost to friction.	Some of the energy of the car was destroyed.	The amount of kinetic energy increased.	The amount of useful energy increased.	A
391	MCAS_2008_5_5611	Which of the following best represents one particular stage in a life cycle?	a fish swimming	a seed sprouting	a leaf growing	a dog eating	B
392	Mercury_7084630	Which process of the water cycle transports water from plants to clouds?	precipitation	transpiration	condensation	sublimation	B
393	Mercury_7203280	Sulfur scrubbers are devices installed in coal-fired power plants. Sulfur scrubbers reduce the emission of sulfur dioxide. What environmental problem are sulfur scrubbers most likely trying to address?	ozone	erosion	acid rain	nutrient runoff	C
394	NCEOGA_2013_5_34	Which system of the human body provides protection to most of the major organs?	skeletal system	circulatory system	respiratory system	muscular system	A
395	Mercury_7043120	A scientist developed a model that described the actions of DNA in the cell nuclei, which helped explain how traits were inherited. Which scientist helped develop this model?	Bohr	Hooke	Mendel	Watson	D
396	VASoL_2010_5_31	Which item is designed to change electrical energy into heat energy?	Alarm clock	Hand dryer	Fan	Telephone	B
397	Mercury_7015610	Which characteristic is the best example of an inherited trait?	eye color	an infection	knowledge of soccer	length of hair	A
398	ACTAAP_2007_7_1	Which correctly arranges three scientific terms-theory, law, and hypothesis-from least to most accepted or tested?	theory, hypothesis, law	hypothesis, law, theory	theory, law, hypothesis	hypothesis, theory, law	D
399	Mercury_400686	The metal lid on a glass jar is hard to open, so it is held under warm, running water. What causes the jar to open easily after it was held under the water?	The water increased the pressure under the lid.	The jar shrunk with the warm water.	The water acted as a lubricant between the glass and the metal.	The metal lid expanded under warm water.	D
400	Mercury_7142398	A dung beetle is an insect that gathers waste from animals, rolls it into a compact ball, lays eggs in it, and buries it in the soil. This gives the eggs a warm, safe place to hatch and provides a food source for the developing larvae. Which impact does the dung beetle most likely have on its ecosystem?	It helps return nutrients to the soil.	It makes animal waste harder to degrade.	It causes an unhealthy accumulation of animal waste.	It depletes nutrients from the soil to benefit its young.	A
401	Mercury_7097265	After playing outside on a cold day, Jaime went inside to wash his hands. Although the water was normal temperature, he noticed that it felt warmer than usual. What would explain this phenomenon?	His body had more kinetic energy than the water.	Heat flowed from a cooler substance to a warmer substance.	The water from the faucet had a higher temperature than his skin.	The thermal energy in the room was higher than the thermal energy outside.	C
402	OHAT_2008_8_33	What is the relationship between tissues and organs?	Organs are made from one type of tissue.	Tissues are made from one type of organ.	Tissues are made from different types of organs.	Organs are made from different types of tissues.	D
403	Mercury_7044118	What will be the most likely result for some species of animals with the continued burning of rain forests in Africa?	soil erosion	destruction of their habitats	improved nutrients in the soil	more grasses as a result of burning	B
404	OHAT_2009_5_9	Earthworms live underground in the soil. As they move through the soil, they create tunnels. The tunnels help improve the soil. Plants grow better in soil that has earthworms. Which statement explains how earthworm tunnels help plants?	Earthworm tunnels bring heat into the soil that warms plant roots.	Earthworm tunnels loosen the soil so plant roots can easily grow	Earthworm tunnels allow sunlight to reach the plant roots in the soil.	Earthworm tunnels create places where insects can hide and protect plant roots.	B
405	VASoL_2010_5_40	Which tools are best used to determine the speed of a turtle as it walks along a path?	Meter stick and graduated cylinder	Stopwatch and meter stick	Balance and metric ruler	Balance and stopwatch	B
406	Mercury_SC_402628	Which tool would a student use to measure wind speed?	compass	barometer	anemometer	weather vane	C
407	ACTAAP_2008_7_8	Why would explorers use a compass when traveling to unknown lands?	to locate a direction to travel	to measure the quality of drinking water	to protect themselves from wild animals	to determine levels of humanity in tropical areas	A
408	Mercury_7013178	Which measurement tool is used to find the volume of a small piece of granite?	thermometer	metric ruler	graduated cylinder	triple beam balance	C
409	NYSEDREGENTS_2007_4_2	What form of energy causes an ice cube to melt?	mechanical	magnetic	sound	heat	D
410	Mercury_SC_401736	Which characteristic is most beneficial for an animal living on a snowy mountain?	thick fur	dark spots	moist skin	webbed feet	A
411	CSZ_2006_5_CSZ10302	Which of the following is a property of CO2 gas?	It feels like a rock.	It smells like a lemon.	It is colorless.	It is hard.	C
412	Mercury_SC_415014	Which rapid changes can be caused by storms?	landslides and flooding	flooding and earthquakes	landslides and volcanoes	volcanoes and earthquakes	A
413	AIMS_2009_8_11	Which is an example of a chemical reaction?	nails rusting	glass melting	sugar dissolving	alcohol vaporizing	A
414	NYSEDREGENTS_2007_4_3	Which unit of measurement can be used to describe the length of a desk?	centimeters	grams	liters	degrees Celsius	A
415	Mercury_7236110	The incompleteness of the fossil record results primarily from which phenomenon?	the frequency and irregular timing of organism speciations	the metamorphosis of most sedimentary rock by heat and pressure	the geologically rapid cycling of crust material back into the mantle	the rarity with which organic remains are exposed to fossil-forming conditions	D
416	Mercury_SC_401266	A student conducts an investigation. In order to make a valid conclusion, she must	have a testable hypothesis.	place the data in a graph.	use the best technology.	test multiple variables.	A
417	Mercury_7029943	The bonding of oxygen to red blood cells is important to the body because it enables the body to	absorb nutrients from food.	make energy from light.	maintain a constant temperature.	perform aerobic respiration in cells.	D
418	ACTAAP_2012_7_6	Some of Earth's water is stored underground in porous rock formations known as aquifers. Which of these could use up groundwater in aquifers?	abundant rain in the Ozarks	excessive pumping from wells	dams on the lower Mississippi	community water conservation	B
419	NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_21	All plants and animals have mechanisms that	transport nutrients	perform photosynthesis	regulate nerves	produce flowers	A
420	Mercury_404692	Which is the best tool to measure the angles of a triangular object?	a meter stick	a compass	a protractor	a spring scale	C
421	NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_19	All living organisms are dependent on plants because plants	produce carbon dioxide	remove oxygen from the air	are producers	are consumers	C
422	ACTAAP_2013_5_15	Compared to other stars in our galaxy, which is the best description of our Sun?	larger size, higher temperature	smaller size, higher temperature	larger size, average temperature	average size, average temperature	D
423	MCAS_1999_8_15	While studying the relationship between number of trees and amount of atmospheric oxygen, which of the following would be most important to take into account?	contributions to atmospheric oxygen from sources other than trees	the ways in which industrialized nations use trees	the root area of trees	the bark mass of trees	A
424	Mercury_7042875	A student is working on a science project display for the school science fair. To best communicate why her conclusions are valid, what should be included on the display?	a list of authoritative sources that supports her conclusion	instructions for viewers to repeat her procedures	clearly illustrated diagrams of the scientific principles involved	a complete write-up of her experimental method and data collected	D
425	Mercury_7216265	Which of the following describes asexual reproduction?	the process of meiosis in a fruit fly	fertilization of a chicken egg	binary fission in an amoeba	the process of embryo development in a mouse	C
426	Mercury_186358	Which scientist is known for his genetics experiments with pea plants?	Charles Darwin	Gregor Mendel	Carolus Linnaeus	Robert Hooke	B
427	NCEOGA_2013_5_30	On a cold, cloudy day, the local weather forecaster predicts that a high-pressure system will be moving into the area in the next 24 hours. Which weather conditions will this system most likely bring to the area?	stormy	sunny	snowy	hot	B
428	Mercury_SC_LBS10947	What determines if twins are identical?	their genes	their behavior	their environment	their personalities	A
429	Mercury_7082828	Which of these processes is a conversion made by solar panels?	mechanical energy to nuclear energy	thermal energy to chemical energy	kinetic energy to potential energy	radiant energy to electrical energy	D
430	Mercury_7202615	In fruit flies, red eyes are dominant over sepia eyes. A male with red eyes is crossed with a female with sepia eyes producing first generation offspring that all had sepia eyes. What does this indicate about the flies that were crossed?	Both parents are homozygous for the trait.	Both parents are heterozygous for the trait.	The male is heterozygous and the female is homozygous recessive for the trait.	The male is homozygous dominant and the female is heterozygous for the trait.	C
431	Mercury_7137638	Acid rain caused by industrial pollution greatly reduces the number of trees in a forested region that is home to a particular species of bird. How might this decrease in the number of trees most likely affect this bird population?	The population will adapt to ground dwelling.	The population will decrease due to lack of resources.	The population will stabilize when it moves to another region.	The population will increase as predators move out of the region.	B
432	VASoL_2008_5_31	Which of these is the main function of a cell wall?	To make food	To store water	To provide support	To make the plant green	C
433	AIMS_2008_8_14	Which sentence about the periodic table of elements is true?	All elements in period 2 are metals.	All elements in group 18 are metals.	Metals are found on the left side of the periodic table.	Metals are found on the right side of the periodic table.	C
434	CSZ_2008_5_CSZ20249	Salt concentration, water temperature, plankton, and the whale shark might all be used in a description of an ocean	climate.	food web.	ecosystem.	population.	C
435	Mercury_7205765	Rocks can be classified many different ways, including as igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. This classification is based on the	origin of the rocks.	use of the rocks.	size of the rocks.	hardness of the rocks.	A
436	Mercury_SC_413003	A mountain range has hills around its edges. How are the mountains and hills alike?	Both have grass at the top.	Both are at least 1000 meters tall.	Both have liquid rock at their centers.	Both are taller than the land around them.	D
437	Mercury_7094430	Human muscle cells need nutrients and oxygen during exercise. The human body is able to meet the needs of the muscle cells during exercise by increasing	digestion.	excretion.	secretion.	circulation.	D
438	Mercury_SC_408361	Phyllis investigated what happened when she added some different substances to water. Which substance can combine with water to form a solution?	oil	rocks	soil	sugar	D
439	Mercury_SC_400190	Fossil fuels are considered a nonrenewable resource because they	have turned into solid rock.	take a long period of time to form.	are expensive to remove from rock.	are located deep within the Earth's crust.	B
440	NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_19	A student is growing some plants for an experiment. She notices small white spots on the leaves. Which tool should she use to get a better look at the spots?	thermometer	hand lens	graduated cylinder	balance	B
441	Mercury_7267978	Why are seals able to live off the coast of Antarctica while frogs, snakes, and panthers are not?	Seals can swim.	Seals are predators.	Seals have fur and blubber.	Seals are warm-blooded animals.	C
442	Mercury_7252193	How are the functions of a carbohydrate and a lipid similar?	Both are a source of energy.	Both are replicated during meiosis.	Both lower the activation energy of reactions.	Both dissolve nutrients in the digestive system.	A
443	Mercury_402206	Traveling in opposite directions, buses A and B are passing each other at the relative speed of 25 km/h, while a passenger on bus A walks toward the back of the bus at the speed of 5 km/h. What is the velocity of the passenger on bus A relative to bus B?	20 km/h in the direction of bus A	20 km/h in the direction of bus B	30 km/h in the direction of bus A	30 km/h in the direction of bus B	A
444	NYSEDREGENTS_2009_4_3	A student drops a ball. Which force causes the ball to fall to the ground?	electricity	friction	gravity	magnetism	C
445	Mercury_7221288	Hydrogen is located on the left side of the periodic table in the same column as the alkali metals, but it has characteristics of a nonmetal. Which of the following is a physical property of hydrogen?	Hydrogen can bond to itself.	Hydrogen makes positive ions.	Hydrogen is a gas at room temperature.	Hydrogen is combustible.	C
446	Mercury_SC_402059	In an experiment, a scientist named Pavlov rang a bell before he fed his dogs, which made the dogs drool. Soon the dogs would drool when they heard the bell, even if they did not receive any food. What type of response did the dogs exhibit?	an instinct	an inherited trait	a learned behavior	a conscious behavior	C
447	Mercury_SC_405298	Which invention will best help people travel quickly to far away places?	car	boat	airplane	skateboard	C
448	Mercury_7283623	What is an environmental threat posed by oil and gas acquisition and transport that is not posed by the acquisition and transport of the energy resources uranium, and wood?	habitat change	vehicle pollution	pipeline leaks	soil compaction and loss	C
449	Mercury_7026390	Some plant species are more tolerant of acidic soil than others. The tolerant species are favored in areas affected by which consequence of human activity?	mixing of pollutants with rain	erosion of topsoil by clearcutting	runoff of fertilizer used in farming	thinning of the atmospheric ozone layer	A
450	Mercury_7068653	Which resource has the most potential for production of renewable electric energy?	coal	oil	natural gas	geothermal	D
451	MCAS_2008_8_5718	A layer of solid brittle rock comprises the outer 100 kilometers of Earth. This layer, which contains both the crust and the upper mantle, is called the	core.	sediment.	lithosphere.	hemisphere.	C
452	Mercury_7005040	During its lifetime, which object is known to change in brightness, color, and temperature?	star	moon	asteroid	planet	A
453	Mercury_7007403	What causes a free falling object to accelerate?	inertia	gravity	initial speed	initial direction	B
454	Mercury_7043838	What is the main source of energy that drives all weather patterns?	the Sun	oceans	the Moon	mountains	A
455	NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_27	What is one factor that contributes to seasons occurring in New York State?	the revolution of the Moon around Earth	the tilt of Earth on its axis	the rising and falling of ocean tides	the distance of Earth from the Sun	B
456	ACTAAP_2009_5_6	Which cell part is correctly paired with its function?	nucleus-controls cell activities	chloroplast-outside boundary of plant cells	cell wall-controls what goes in and out of cells	cell membrane-where photosynthesis takes place	A
457	Mercury_7207585	A meeting of scientists, called a symposium, occurs every year to share recent research about the atmosphere of Earth. This symposium mainly serves which purpose in science?	to test research methods used by other scientists	to develop questions about space research	to discuss the meaning of new discoveries	to explain gas properties to the general public	C
458	ACTAAP_2009_7_13	A wind turbine primarily uses which type of energy?	nuclear	thermal	chemical	mechanical	D
459	Mercury_SC_401377	A rubber band will make a sound when it is	vibrated.	stretched.	cut into pieces.	shot across a room.	A
460	Mercury_7016205	What would a warm air mass over the ocean most likely cause?	earthquake	snowfall	tsunami	rainfall	D
461	NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_25	The Moon is visible to observers on Earth because of	reflected sunlight	absorbed light from Earth's atmosphere	gases in the Moon's interior	volcanic eruptions on the Moon's surface	A
462	Mercury_7071593	Which illness is always caused by an infection?	a heart attack	a broken bone	influenza	cancer	C
463	Mercury_SC_408710	Jonny climbed an apple tree. How are Jonny and the apple tree similar to each other?	Both are made of cells.	Both take in carbon dioxide.	Both get nutrients directly from soil.	Both get energy from other organisms.	A
464	Mercury_402571	What are the names of the products in the chemical equation shown below? HCl + NaHCO_{3} -> NaCl + CO_{2} + H_{2}O	hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate	sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water	hydrogen chloride and sodium bicarbonate	sodium chloride, carbon monoxide, and dihydrogen oxide	B
465	NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_29	A ball is tossed up in the air and it comes back down. The ball comes back down because of	gravity	friction	erosion	magnetism	A
466	Mercury_SC_405456	Timber companies can best manage the number of trees in forests by	converting deforested areas into malls.	planting trees to replace what they cut down.	adding pesticides to the soil around the trees.	removing the tree stumps when trees are cut down.	B
467	Mercury_7202248	The formation of the Himalayan Mountains is one example of land features caused by compressive forces. Which action most likely led to the formation of these mountains?	seafloor spreading	strike-slip faulting	colliding plates	hot spots	C
468	Mercury_7139563	What abiotic factor would most likely signal a population of birds that it is time to migrate from north to south?	decrease in sunlight	change in precipitation	increase in food source	change in wind direction	A
469	Mercury_7016958	A greenhouse is used as a model of the atmosphere. Which of the following cannot be demonstrated by the model?	energy used to evaporate water	changes in greenhouse gases	light energy trapped as heat energy	energy that builds up in the greenhouse air	B
470	Mercury_7042963	A light bulb manufacturer claims its light bulb is "twice as bright" per unit of electrical energy consumed as the leading light bulb. If this claim is correct, what factor must be accurately compared between the two bulbs?	how much each bulb weighs	how long each bulb lasts	how much heat each bulb releases	how much metal each bulb contains	C
471	Mercury_7013615	In the 17th century, Gregor Mendel crossed pea plants with different traits and observed the results in their offspring. To which of these did Mendel contribute most directly with his work?	medicine	agriculture	science of force and motion	science of heredity and variation	D
472	Mercury_SC_LBS10351	How does the appearance of a constellation change during the night?	Its shape appears to become longer.	Its position appears to shift relative to the horizon.	Its brightest stars begin to appear orange.	Its distance to the North Star decreases.	B
473	CSZ_2008_5_CSZ20469	The freezing and thawing action of water affects a rock by	transforming the rock into igneous rock.	chemically changing the rock.	gradually breaking down the rock into smaller pieces.	leaving behind sedimentary particles from evaporated solutions.	C
474	MCAS_2007_5_4772	Delilah put a container of water in the freezer and left it there overnight. The next morning she saw that the water in the container had changed to ice. Which of the following statements best explains why the water changed to ice?	The water gained energy.	The water absorbed light.	Mass was released from the water.	Heat was taken away from the water.	D
475	MCAS_2000_4_14	Earth's rotation (turning on its axis) causes	the seasons to change.	the Moon to appear as different shapes.	day and night.	solar eclipses.	C
476	MCAS_2005_5_32	Which of the following climates has cold winters and hot summers?	polar	subtropical	temperate	tropical	C
477	NYSEDREGENTS_2009_4_10	What form of energy is being used when a person pushes a wooden block across the floor?	mechanical	magnetic	sound	electrical	A
478	Mercury_405167	Which action is an example of good water management?	letting faucets drip	watering the grass every day	turning off the faucet when brushing teeth	running the dishwasher when it is not full	C
479	TIMSS_2007_8_pg97	An Earth year is the length of time it takes for	Earth to rotate once on its axis	the Moon to revolve once around Earth	the Sun to revolve once around Earth	Earth to revolve once around the Sun	D
480	Mercury_SC_401243	Which land form results when carbonic acid in groundwater seeps through rock and dissolves limestone?	valleys	ravines	caverns	mountains	C

381

NYSEDREGENTS_2011_4_22

Which two activities are carried out by all species of living things?

make food and eliminate waste

hibernate and take in nutrients

grow and reproduce

migrate and seek shelter

C

382

Mercury_7216895

Which best explains why a person infected with bacteria may have a fever?

The body is responding to fight off the bacteria.

The body is releasing waste material from the bacteria.

The body is producing hormones to kill the infection.

The body is reducing the blood supply to the infection site.

A

383

Mercury_7148278

Most of the concentration of which gas results from the activity of producer organisms?

nitrogen

oxygen

water vapor

carbon dioxide

B

384

Mercury_SC_407499

What is determined by the speed that Earth rotates on its axis?

the length of a day

the energy that reaches a location

the temperature of water in the ocean

the number of seasons in a year

A

385

Mercury_7205485

The spectrum of visible light can be seen in a rainbow because white light is

reflected and transmitted.

refracted and dispersed.

absorbed and diffracted.

produced and emitted.

B

386

TIMSS_2003_4_pg70

Kate sees a full moon. About how much time will go by before the next full moon?

one week

two weeks

one month

one year

C

387

Mercury_7086713

The sediments found in a riverbed are most likely a result of which action on nearby rock?

heat

faulting

pressure

weathering

D

388

Mercury_7018235

The most common way humans contribute to the extinction of organisms is by

rotation of crops.

use of fertilizers.

destruction of habitat.

introduction of competing species.

C

389

LEAP__4_10223

Which of the following is an example of matter changing state?

heating a pan of water until the water is all gone

putting a soft-drink can in the refrigerator to cool it

heating soup on the stove until it is hot to your tongue

transferring sugar into a storage container

A

390

Mercury_7143325

A car runs out of fuel while traveling on a level road and eventually comes to a stop. Which of the following best explains why the car stops?

Some of the energy of the car was lost to friction.

Some of the energy of the car was destroyed.

The amount of kinetic energy increased.

The amount of useful energy increased.

A

391

MCAS_2008_5_5611

Which of the following best represents one particular stage in a life cycle?

a fish swimming

a seed sprouting

a leaf growing

a dog eating

B

392

Mercury_7084630

Which process of the water cycle transports water from plants to clouds?

precipitation

transpiration

condensation

sublimation

B

393

Mercury_7203280

Sulfur scrubbers are devices installed in coal-fired power plants. Sulfur scrubbers reduce the emission of sulfur dioxide. What environmental problem are sulfur scrubbers most likely trying to address?

ozone

erosion

acid rain

nutrient runoff

C

394

NCEOGA_2013_5_34

Which system of the human body provides protection to most of the major organs?

skeletal system

circulatory system

respiratory system

muscular system

A

395

Mercury_7043120

A scientist developed a model that described the actions of DNA in the cell nuclei, which helped explain how traits were inherited. Which scientist helped develop this model?

Bohr

Hooke

Mendel

Watson

D

396

VASoL_2010_5_31

Which item is designed to change electrical energy into heat energy?

Alarm clock

Hand dryer

Fan

Telephone

B

397

Mercury_7015610

Which characteristic is the best example of an inherited trait?

eye color

an infection

knowledge of soccer

length of hair

A

398

ACTAAP_2007_7_1

Which correctly arranges three scientific terms-theory, law, and hypothesis-from least to most accepted or tested?

theory, hypothesis, law

hypothesis, law, theory

theory, law, hypothesis

hypothesis, theory, law

D

399

Mercury_400686

The metal lid on a glass jar is hard to open, so it is held under warm, running water. What causes the jar to open easily after it was held under the water?

The water increased the pressure under the lid.

The jar shrunk with the warm water.

The water acted as a lubricant between the glass and the metal.

The metal lid expanded under warm water.

D

400

Mercury_7142398

A dung beetle is an insect that gathers waste from animals, rolls it into a compact ball, lays eggs in it, and buries it in the soil. This gives the eggs a warm, safe place to hatch and provides a food source for the developing larvae. Which impact does the dung beetle most likely have on its ecosystem?

It helps return nutrients to the soil.

It makes animal waste harder to degrade.

It causes an unhealthy accumulation of animal waste.

It depletes nutrients from the soil to benefit its young.

A

401

Mercury_7097265

After playing outside on a cold day, Jaime went inside to wash his hands. Although the water was normal temperature, he noticed that it felt warmer than usual. What would explain this phenomenon?

His body had more kinetic energy than the water.

Heat flowed from a cooler substance to a warmer substance.

The water from the faucet had a higher temperature than his skin.

The thermal energy in the room was higher than the thermal energy outside.

C

402

OHAT_2008_8_33

What is the relationship between tissues and organs?

Organs are made from one type of tissue.

Tissues are made from one type of organ.

Tissues are made from different types of organs.

Organs are made from different types of tissues.

D

403

Mercury_7044118

What will be the most likely result for some species of animals with the continued burning of rain forests in Africa?

soil erosion

destruction of their habitats

improved nutrients in the soil

more grasses as a result of burning

B

404

OHAT_2009_5_9

Earthworms live underground in the soil. As they move through the soil, they create tunnels. The tunnels help improve the soil. Plants grow better in soil that has earthworms. Which statement explains how earthworm tunnels help plants?

Earthworm tunnels bring heat into the soil that warms plant roots.

Earthworm tunnels loosen the soil so plant roots can easily grow

Earthworm tunnels allow sunlight to reach the plant roots in the soil.

Earthworm tunnels create places where insects can hide and protect plant roots.

B

405

VASoL_2010_5_40

Which tools are best used to determine the speed of a turtle as it walks along a path?

Meter stick and graduated cylinder

Stopwatch and meter stick

Balance and metric ruler

Balance and stopwatch

B

406

Mercury_SC_402628

Which tool would a student use to measure wind speed?

compass

barometer

anemometer

weather vane

C

407

ACTAAP_2008_7_8

Why would explorers use a compass when traveling to unknown lands?

to locate a direction to travel

to measure the quality of drinking water

to protect themselves from wild animals

to determine levels of humanity in tropical areas

A

408

Mercury_7013178

Which measurement tool is used to find the volume of a small piece of granite?

thermometer

metric ruler

graduated cylinder

triple beam balance

C

409

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_4_2

What form of energy causes an ice cube to melt?

mechanical

magnetic

sound

heat

D

410

Mercury_SC_401736

Which characteristic is most beneficial for an animal living on a snowy mountain?

thick fur

dark spots

moist skin

webbed feet

A

411

CSZ_2006_5_CSZ10302

Which of the following is a property of CO2 gas?

It feels like a rock.

It smells like a lemon.

It is colorless.

It is hard.

C

412

Mercury_SC_415014

Which rapid changes can be caused by storms?

landslides and flooding

flooding and earthquakes

landslides and volcanoes

volcanoes and earthquakes

A

413

AIMS_2009_8_11

Which is an example of a chemical reaction?

nails rusting

glass melting

sugar dissolving

alcohol vaporizing

A

414

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_4_3

Which unit of measurement can be used to describe the length of a desk?

centimeters

grams

liters

degrees Celsius

A

415

Mercury_7236110

The incompleteness of the fossil record results primarily from which phenomenon?

the frequency and irregular timing of organism speciations

the metamorphosis of most sedimentary rock by heat and pressure

the geologically rapid cycling of crust material back into the mantle

the rarity with which organic remains are exposed to fossil-forming conditions

D

416

Mercury_SC_401266

A student conducts an investigation. In order to make a valid conclusion, she must

have a testable hypothesis.

place the data in a graph.

use the best technology.

test multiple variables.

A

417

Mercury_7029943

The bonding of oxygen to red blood cells is important to the body because it enables the body to

absorb nutrients from food.

make energy from light.

maintain a constant temperature.

perform aerobic respiration in cells.

D

418

ACTAAP_2012_7_6

Some of Earth's water is stored underground in porous rock formations known as aquifers. Which of these could use up groundwater in aquifers?

abundant rain in the Ozarks

excessive pumping from wells

dams on the lower Mississippi

community water conservation

B

419

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_8_21

All plants and animals have mechanisms that

transport nutrients

perform photosynthesis

regulate nerves

produce flowers

A

420

Mercury_404692

Which is the best tool to measure the angles of a triangular object?

a meter stick

a compass

a protractor

a spring scale

C

421

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_19

All living organisms are dependent on plants because plants

produce carbon dioxide

remove oxygen from the air

are producers

are consumers

C

422

ACTAAP_2013_5_15

Compared to other stars in our galaxy, which is the best description of our Sun?

larger size, higher temperature

smaller size, higher temperature

larger size, average temperature

average size, average temperature

D

423

MCAS_1999_8_15

While studying the relationship between number of trees and amount of atmospheric oxygen, which of the following would be most important to take into account?

contributions to atmospheric oxygen from sources other than trees

the ways in which industrialized nations use trees

the root area of trees

the bark mass of trees

A

424

Mercury_7042875

A student is working on a science project display for the school science fair. To best communicate why her conclusions are valid, what should be included on the display?

a list of authoritative sources that supports her conclusion

instructions for viewers to repeat her procedures

clearly illustrated diagrams of the scientific principles involved

a complete write-up of her experimental method and data collected

D

425

Mercury_7216265

Which of the following describes asexual reproduction?

the process of meiosis in a fruit fly

fertilization of a chicken egg

binary fission in an amoeba

the process of embryo development in a mouse

C

426

Mercury_186358

Which scientist is known for his genetics experiments with pea plants?

Charles Darwin

Gregor Mendel

Carolus Linnaeus

Robert Hooke

B

427

NCEOGA_2013_5_30

On a cold, cloudy day, the local weather forecaster predicts that a high-pressure system will be moving into the area in the next 24 hours. Which weather conditions will this system most likely bring to the area?

stormy

sunny

snowy

hot

B

428

Mercury_SC_LBS10947

What determines if twins are identical?

their genes

their behavior

their environment

their personalities

A

429

Mercury_7082828

Which of these processes is a conversion made by solar panels?

mechanical energy to nuclear energy

thermal energy to chemical energy

kinetic energy to potential energy

radiant energy to electrical energy

D

430

Mercury_7202615

In fruit flies, red eyes are dominant over sepia eyes. A male with red eyes is crossed with a female with sepia eyes producing first generation offspring that all had sepia eyes. What does this indicate about the flies that were crossed?

Both parents are homozygous for the trait.

Both parents are heterozygous for the trait.

The male is heterozygous and the female is homozygous recessive for the trait.

The male is homozygous dominant and the female is heterozygous for the trait.

C

431

Mercury_7137638

Acid rain caused by industrial pollution greatly reduces the number of trees in a forested region that is home to a particular species of bird. How might this decrease in the number of trees most likely affect this bird population?

The population will adapt to ground dwelling.

The population will decrease due to lack of resources.

The population will stabilize when it moves to another region.

The population will increase as predators move out of the region.

B

432

VASoL_2008_5_31

Which of these is the main function of a cell wall?

To make food

To store water

To provide support

To make the plant green

C

433

AIMS_2008_8_14

Which sentence about the periodic table of elements is true?

All elements in period 2 are metals.

All elements in group 18 are metals.

Metals are found on the left side of the periodic table.

Metals are found on the right side of the periodic table.

C

434

CSZ_2008_5_CSZ20249

Salt concentration, water temperature, plankton, and the whale shark might all be used in a description of an ocean

climate.

food web.

ecosystem.

population.

C

435

Mercury_7205765

Rocks can be classified many different ways, including as igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. This classification is based on the

origin of the rocks.

use of the rocks.

size of the rocks.

hardness of the rocks.

A

436

Mercury_SC_413003

A mountain range has hills around its edges. How are the mountains and hills alike?

Both have grass at the top.

Both are at least 1000 meters tall.

Both have liquid rock at their centers.

Both are taller than the land around them.

D

437

Mercury_7094430

Human muscle cells need nutrients and oxygen during exercise. The human body is able to meet the needs of the muscle cells during exercise by increasing

digestion.

excretion.

secretion.

circulation.

D

438

Mercury_SC_408361

Phyllis investigated what happened when she added some different substances to water. Which substance can combine with water to form a solution?

oil

rocks

soil

sugar

D

439

Mercury_SC_400190

Fossil fuels are considered a nonrenewable resource because they

have turned into solid rock.

take a long period of time to form.

are expensive to remove from rock.

are located deep within the Earth's crust.

B

440

NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_19

A student is growing some plants for an experiment. She notices small white spots on the leaves. Which tool should she use to get a better look at the spots?

thermometer

hand lens

graduated cylinder

balance

B

441

Mercury_7267978

Why are seals able to live off the coast of Antarctica while frogs, snakes, and panthers are not?

Seals can swim.

Seals are predators.

Seals have fur and blubber.

Seals are warm-blooded animals.

C

442

Mercury_7252193

How are the functions of a carbohydrate and a lipid similar?

Both are a source of energy.

Both are replicated during meiosis.

Both lower the activation energy of reactions.

Both dissolve nutrients in the digestive system.

A

443

Mercury_402206

Traveling in opposite directions, buses A and B are passing each other at the relative speed of 25 km/h, while a passenger on bus A walks toward the back of the bus at the speed of 5 km/h. What is the velocity of the passenger on bus A relative to bus B?

20 km/h in the direction of bus A

20 km/h in the direction of bus B

30 km/h in the direction of bus A

30 km/h in the direction of bus B

A

444

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_4_3

A student drops a ball. Which force causes the ball to fall to the ground?

electricity

friction

gravity

magnetism

C

445

Mercury_7221288

Hydrogen is located on the left side of the periodic table in the same column as the alkali metals, but it has characteristics of a nonmetal. Which of the following is a physical property of hydrogen?

Hydrogen can bond to itself.

Hydrogen makes positive ions.

Hydrogen is a gas at room temperature.

Hydrogen is combustible.

C

446

Mercury_SC_402059

In an experiment, a scientist named Pavlov rang a bell before he fed his dogs, which made the dogs drool. Soon the dogs would drool when they heard the bell, even if they did not receive any food. What type of response did the dogs exhibit?

an instinct

an inherited trait

a learned behavior

a conscious behavior

C

447

Mercury_SC_405298

Which invention will best help people travel quickly to far away places?

car

boat

airplane

skateboard

C

448

Mercury_7283623

What is an environmental threat posed by oil and gas acquisition and transport that is not posed by the acquisition and transport of the energy resources uranium, and wood?

habitat change

vehicle pollution

pipeline leaks

soil compaction and loss

C

449

Mercury_7026390

Some plant species are more tolerant of acidic soil than others. The tolerant species are favored in areas affected by which consequence of human activity?

mixing of pollutants with rain

erosion of topsoil by clearcutting

runoff of fertilizer used in farming

thinning of the atmospheric ozone layer

A

450

Mercury_7068653

Which resource has the most potential for production of renewable electric energy?

coal

oil

natural gas

geothermal

D

451

MCAS_2008_8_5718

A layer of solid brittle rock comprises the outer 100 kilometers of Earth. This layer, which contains both the crust and the upper mantle, is called the

core.

sediment.

lithosphere.

hemisphere.

C

452

Mercury_7005040

During its lifetime, which object is known to change in brightness, color, and temperature?

star

moon

asteroid

planet

A

453

Mercury_7007403

What causes a free falling object to accelerate?

inertia

gravity

initial speed

initial direction

B

454

Mercury_7043838

What is the main source of energy that drives all weather patterns?

the Sun

oceans

the Moon

mountains

A

455

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_27

What is one factor that contributes to seasons occurring in New York State?

the revolution of the Moon around Earth

the tilt of Earth on its axis

the rising and falling of ocean tides

the distance of Earth from the Sun

B

456

ACTAAP_2009_5_6

Which cell part is correctly paired with its function?

nucleus-controls cell activities

chloroplast-outside boundary of plant cells

cell wall-controls what goes in and out of cells

cell membrane-where photosynthesis takes place

A

457

Mercury_7207585

A meeting of scientists, called a symposium, occurs every year to share recent research about the atmosphere of Earth. This symposium mainly serves which purpose in science?

to test research methods used by other scientists

to develop questions about space research

to discuss the meaning of new discoveries

to explain gas properties to the general public

C

458

ACTAAP_2009_7_13

A wind turbine primarily uses which type of energy?

nuclear

thermal

chemical

mechanical

D

459

Mercury_SC_401377

A rubber band will make a sound when it is

vibrated.

stretched.

cut into pieces.

shot across a room.

A

460

Mercury_7016205

What would a warm air mass over the ocean most likely cause?

earthquake

snowfall

tsunami

rainfall

D

461

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_25

The Moon is visible to observers on Earth because of

reflected sunlight

absorbed light from Earth's atmosphere

gases in the Moon's interior

volcanic eruptions on the Moon's surface

A

462

Mercury_7071593

Which illness is always caused by an infection?

a heart attack

a broken bone

influenza

cancer

C

463

Mercury_SC_408710

Jonny climbed an apple tree. How are Jonny and the apple tree similar to each other?

Both are made of cells.

Both take in carbon dioxide.

Both get nutrients directly from soil.

Both get energy from other organisms.

A

464

Mercury_402571

What are the names of the products in the chemical equation shown below? HCl + NaHCO_{3} -> NaCl + CO_{2} + H_{2}O

hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate

sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water

hydrogen chloride and sodium bicarbonate

sodium chloride, carbon monoxide, and dihydrogen oxide

B

465

NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_29

A ball is tossed up in the air and it comes back down. The ball comes back down because of

gravity

friction

erosion

magnetism

A

466

Mercury_SC_405456

Timber companies can best manage the number of trees in forests by

converting deforested areas into malls.

planting trees to replace what they cut down.

adding pesticides to the soil around the trees.

removing the tree stumps when trees are cut down.

B

467

Mercury_7202248

The formation of the Himalayan Mountains is one example of land features caused by compressive forces. Which action most likely led to the formation of these mountains?

seafloor spreading

strike-slip faulting

colliding plates

hot spots

C

468

Mercury_7139563

What abiotic factor would most likely signal a population of birds that it is time to migrate from north to south?

decrease in sunlight

change in precipitation

increase in food source

change in wind direction

A

469

Mercury_7016958

A greenhouse is used as a model of the atmosphere. Which of the following cannot be demonstrated by the model?

energy used to evaporate water

changes in greenhouse gases

light energy trapped as heat energy

energy that builds up in the greenhouse air

B

470

Mercury_7042963

A light bulb manufacturer claims its light bulb is "twice as bright" per unit of electrical energy consumed as the leading light bulb. If this claim is correct, what factor must be accurately compared between the two bulbs?

how much each bulb weighs

how long each bulb lasts

how much heat each bulb releases

how much metal each bulb contains

C

471

Mercury_7013615

In the 17th century, Gregor Mendel crossed pea plants with different traits and observed the results in their offspring. To which of these did Mendel contribute most directly with his work?

medicine

agriculture

science of force and motion

science of heredity and variation

D

472

Mercury_SC_LBS10351

How does the appearance of a constellation change during the night?

Its shape appears to become longer.

Its position appears to shift relative to the horizon.

Its brightest stars begin to appear orange.

Its distance to the North Star decreases.

B

473

CSZ_2008_5_CSZ20469

The freezing and thawing action of water affects a rock by

transforming the rock into igneous rock.

chemically changing the rock.

gradually breaking down the rock into smaller pieces.

leaving behind sedimentary particles from evaporated solutions.

C

474

MCAS_2007_5_4772

Delilah put a container of water in the freezer and left it there overnight. The next morning she saw that the water in the container had changed to ice. Which of the following statements best explains why the water changed to ice?

The water gained energy.

The water absorbed light.

Mass was released from the water.

Heat was taken away from the water.

D

475

MCAS_2000_4_14

Earth's rotation (turning on its axis) causes

the seasons to change.

the Moon to appear as different shapes.

day and night.

solar eclipses.

C

476

MCAS_2005_5_32

Which of the following climates has cold winters and hot summers?

polar

subtropical

temperate

tropical

C

477

NYSEDREGENTS_2009_4_10

What form of energy is being used when a person pushes a wooden block across the floor?

mechanical

magnetic

sound

electrical

A

478

Mercury_405167

Which action is an example of good water management?

letting faucets drip

watering the grass every day

turning off the faucet when brushing teeth

running the dishwasher when it is not full

C

479

TIMSS_2007_8_pg97

An Earth year is the length of time it takes for

Earth to rotate once on its axis

the Moon to revolve once around Earth

the Sun to revolve once around Earth

Earth to revolve once around the Sun

D

480

Mercury_SC_401243

Which land form results when carbonic acid in groundwater seeps through rock and dissolves limestone?

valleys

ravines

caverns

mountains

C