dpquoc/ARC · Datasets at Hugging Face

Unnamed: 0 int64 0 2.25k	id stringlengths 8 22	question stringlengths 17 683	A stringlengths 1 147	B stringlengths 1 134	C stringlengths 1 153	D stringlengths 1 129 ⌀	answer stringclasses 5 values
781	Mercury_SC_401210	Which tool is used to measure the diameter of a dime?	ruler	beaker	balance	compass	A
782	Mercury_7154525	A rainforest area is experiencing a severe drought. As a consequence, the insect population has decreased. What will the insect-eating birds most likely do as a result of the drought?	stop searching for food until it begins to rain	begin reproducing to increase population	move to a new area to find food	start the process of hibernation	C
783	NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_18	Which unit is used to indicate the amount of energy in food?	ounce	degree	calorie	gram	C
784	Mercury_7212695	Wire was looped several times around an iron nail, and the wire's ends were connected to a battery. For which of these will this device most likely be used?	to produce a heat source	to demonstrate frictional forces	to create a magnetic field	to generate a sound wave	C
785	NYSEDREGENTS_2005_8_3	Dust and ash entering the atmosphere as a result of volcanic eruptions can affect Earth's	tidal activity	orbital shape	weather and climate	rotation and revolution	C
786	TIMSS_2011_8_pg111	During which chemical process is energy absorbed?	iron nails rusting	candles burning	vegetables rotting	plants photosynthesizing	D
787	Mercury_178640	When two nuclei are combined into one nucleus, there is a slight change in mass and the release of a large amount of energy. What is this process called?	conversion	reaction	fission	fusion	D
788	Mercury_7126228	The sound, light, and heat that a firecracker produces are originally stored as which type of energy?	nuclear energy	chemical energy	electrical energy	mechanical energy	B
789	Mercury_7136920	Vehicle exhaust contains a form of pollution called particulate matter. Technologies are being developed to reduce the amount of particulate matter in exhaust. A vehicle that produces less particulate matter would have the greatest impact on which aspect of human health?	heart health	respiratory health	the rate of birth defects	weight and physical fitness	B
790	Mercury_SC_408308	Janet learns that Earth is tilted. Due to its tilt, some areas on the surface of Earth experience darkness for an entire day. Which plant process is affected most during this darkness?	root growth	reproduction	photosynthesis	water absorption	C
791	Mercury_7219310	What types of cells are found only in organisms that reproduce sexually?	blood cells	neurons	skin cells	gametes	D
792	Mercury_7057190	Several dinosaur bones are discovered buried in volcanic ash. The type of dinosaur can best be identified by	knowing the location where the fossils were found.	establishing an inventory of bones collected.	comparing to characteristics of known dinosaurs.	knowing the absolute age of the fossils.	C
793	Mercury_7144515	Stretching is considered an important step before engaging in sports. In an investigation to see whether stretching before physical exertion reduces sports injuries, who would the control group most likely be?	athletes who stretch before working out	non-athletes who stretch before working out	athletes who do not stretch before working out	non-athletes who do not stretch before working out	C
794	MCAS_1999_4_34	In the first half of this century, which technology allowed people, for the first time, to work IN the city but live OUTSIDE the city?	airplanes	automobiles	telephones	television	B
795	Mercury_7171518	Most sedimentary rock is made from sediments of other rock. Which of these processes would the sediments most likely go through to form sedimentary rock?	compaction and cementation	folding and recrystallization	melting and solidifying	heating and pressure	A
796	NAEP_2005_4_S14+10	Rocks and Earth and on the Moon are made of similar materials. What does this observation most likely suggest?	Both the Moon and Earth split off from the Sun.	Life must have existed on the Moon at one time.	The Moon was probably formed from material from Earth.	The whole solar system is made up of the same kinds of rocks.	C
797	Mercury_7097773	In any ecosystem, organisms interact with biotic and abiotic parts of the environment. As a result of all of the interactions, the matter within the system is	produced when plants grow.	recycled when organisms die.	lost when animals and plants die.	formed when new animals are born.	B
798	MDSA_2011_8_34	Data indicate that chemical pollutants contaminate 53% of the waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. These chemical pollutants are found in the tissues of animals living in the bay. Which group of people who live away from the bay might be most affected by these chemical pollutants?	people who walk near the bay	people who read books about the bay	people who consume fish from the bay	people who own boats docked in the bay	C
799	AKDE&ED_2012_8_13	Which behavior can help animals establish a territory?	A caribou herd migrates seasonally.	A scent trail leads ants to a food source.	A wolf pack howls to warn other wolves to stay away.	A honeybee society divides the work between its members.	C
800	Mercury_7141260	Arteries and veins are two important parts of the circulatory system. What is the relationship between arteries and veins?	They work together to exchange gases.	They work together to transport nutrients.	They work independently to remove wastes.	They work independently to relay messages.	B
801	Mercury_401752	Which function is a role of a feedback system?	stimulation of appetite	identification of gender	determination of blood type	regulation of growth in the skeletal system	D
802	Mercury_7228638	Which technique will researchers studying the inheritance patterns of various disorders most likely use?	cladogram	DNA fingerprinting	gel electrophoresis	chromosomal analysis	D
803	Mercury_7128783	If a lake is polluted, which organism would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?	bass	minnows	aquatic plants	fish-eating birds	D
804	Mercury_SC_409381	Which of these can only be found in a plant cell?	a nucleus	a vacuole	a chloroplast	a mitochondrion	C
805	Mercury_7026635	The Milky Way Galaxy is visible as a bright region in the night sky. Modern telescopic observation has made it possible to discover that the brightness of the Milky Way Galaxy is due primarily to which structure?	clouds of hot gas	large numbers of stars	high energy compounds	extremely reflective ice particles	B
806	Mercury_7173793	More sulfur dioxide is being added to the atmosphere. How will this most likely affect the hydrosphere?	There will be a decrease in sea level.	The acidity of the ocean will increase.	There will be an increase in fresh water.	The temperature of the oceans will decline.	B
807	Mercury_SC_409148	Plants transform energy when they make their own food. Which type of energy is used by plants for making food?	electrical	heat	light	mechanical	C
808	Mercury_SC_407709	Dominic placed a caterpillar in a container with different kinds of leaves. Which information should he record to find out what food this caterpillar eats?	the type of leaves the caterpillar has eaten	the amount of time for all the leaves to be eaten	the number of leaves that were put in the container	the number of minutes the caterpillar spends eating	A
809	CSZ20880	Which class of elements best conducts electricity?	metals	nonmetals	semimetals	noble (inert) gases	A
810	Mercury_400886	What are the products in the chemical reaction below? NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H_{2}O	sodium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride	sodium chloride and water	sodium, chlorine, hydrogen, and oxygen	sodium, chlorine, and water	B
811	OHAT_2008_8_13	Termites eat wood but cannot digest it. Protozoans live in the termites' stomachs and use enzymes to break down the wood. The digested wood provides nutrition for both the termites and the protozoans. What type of relationship is this?	mutualism	parasitism	predation	commensalism	A
812	Mercury_409875	In the Adirondack forests of New York, some trees have died. The change in the forest is thought to be related to air pollution and rain. Which abiotic factor most likely has been changed as a result of the pollution and rain which resulted in the death of the trees?	a decrease in the amount of available oxygen	an increase in the amount of sunlight	a decrease in the pH of the soil	an increase in soil nutrients	C
813	MCAS_1999_8_11	The first step in the construction of a building typically involves	clearing the land.	setting the foundation.	servicing the structure.	installing utilities.	A
814	Mercury_7004463	What biological concept was Mendel studying when he crossed pea plants many times over many generations?	imbalance in ecosystems	predator-prey relationships	dominant and recessive traits	male and female genetic differences	C
815	Mercury_LBS10378	The following represents a number displayed on a calculator. 1.454545 E3. Which of the following shows how a student should record this number in a laboratory report?	(1.45)^3	1 5/11	1.45 x 10^3	1.45 x 3	C
816	Mercury_182385	In which process is nitrogen from the air put into a form that plants can use?	nitrification	denitrification	nitrogen saturation	nitrogen fixation	D
817	NAEP_2005_4_S10+1	The surface of the Moon is covered with craters. Most of these craters were formed by	eruptions of active volcanoes	the impacts of many meteoroids	shifting rock on the Moon's surface ("moonquakes")	tidal forces caused by the Earth and Sun	B
818	Mercury_7024325	Which event would most likely occur if the number of nitrogen fixing bacteria were reduced within an ecosystem?	plants would have more nitrates to take up	plants and animals would decompose faster	high levels of ammonia would accumulate in the soil	the level of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere would increase	D
819	Mercury_7201933	Census data show that the human population doubled from 2.65 billion in 1953 to 5.3 billion in 1990. If it continues to double at this rate, the human population could reach 10 billion by the year 2020. Which best explains how this rate of human growth can harm the environment on which humans depend?	by gradually making up more available energy	by using resources faster than they can be replaced	by changing how matter cycles through an ecosystem	by increasing the variety of ecosystems that are supported	B
820	Mercury_SC_417560	Bats find their prey at night using one of their senses to detect echoes. What does the bat send out to find prey?	odors	light	sound	electricity	C
821	TIMSS_2011_4_pg37	Which two objects produce their own light?	candle and moon	moon and mirror	sun and candle	mirror and sun	C
822	NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_1	Which example describes an organism taking in nutrients?	a dog burying a bone	a girl eating an apple	an insect crawling on a leaf	a boy planting tomatoes in a garden	B
823	Mercury_7248115	In eukaryotic organisms, interaction between which organelles is most important for cell shape, tensile strength, and communication between cells?	cytoskeleton and cell membrane	cytoplasm and Golgi apparatus	nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum	ribosome and central vacuole	A
824	Mercury_7161088	A radio station broadcasting across a large area is experiencing thunderstorms. How will the radio waves from the station be affected?	wavelength will be increased	amplitude will be unchanged	frequency will be distorted	speed will be decreased	C
825	Mercury_7072293	An electrical circuit can be used to break down water into hydrogen and oxygen. In this process, electrical energy produces	kinetic energy.	physical changes.	chemical changes.	potential energy.	C
826	ACTAAP_2014_7_9	Which method could be used to separate a solution of table salt and water?	mixing	settling	filtration	evaporation	D
827	Mercury_SC_401189	Which is an example of light being reflected?	taking a picture	using a magnifying glass	looking into a mirror	using eyeglasses	C
828	Mercury_SC_400689	What is the MAJOR role of the Sun in the water cycle?	It causes evaporation.	It allows plants to grow.	It provides heat for organisms.	It transmits light.	A
829	NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_36	Which activity is an example of a chemical change?	dissolving table salt in water	hammering aluminum into thin sheets	melting gold to make jewelry	burning wood to produce ashes	D
830	CSZ_2006_5_CSZ10256	A city has a temperature of 75 °F, with partly cloudy skies. Weather forecasters are predicting that the air pressure and temperature will drop during the day. Which type of weather is most likely for this area in the late afternoon?	rainy.	sunny.	snowing.	hailing.	A
831	MDSA_2011_4_2	In Maryland, most bears have thick, dark fur. Which statement best explains how dark fur helps bears survive in the forests of Maryland?	Dark fur is lightweight.	Dark fur scares enemies.	Dark fur helps bears hide.	Dark fur keeps bears cool.	C
832	Mercury_SC_409235	Nicole was studying different ecosystems. She compared the number of plants living in a forest to those in a desert. Which factor best explains why more plants may survive in a forest?	There is more rain in the forest.	There is more oxygen in the forest.	There is more sunlight in the forest.	There is more competition in the forest.	A
833	Mercury_184800	A short plant with a thick, fleshy stem, extensive roots, and a short blooming period would most likely be found in which of the following environments?	prairie	desert	coniferous forest	deciduous forest	B
834	Mercury_SC_400022	What happens when oil is placed in water?	Some oil sinks below the surface.	Oil droplets form in the water.	The oil and water mix together.	The oil floats on top of the water.	D
835	NYSEDREGENTS_2011_4_25	A decomposer is an organism that	hunts and eats animals	migrates for the winter	breaks down dead plants and animals	uses water and sunlight to make food	C
836	MCAS_2016_8_17	Which of the following correctly orders part of a fish's respiratory system from the least complex to most complex?	cells -> gills -> tissues	cells -> tissues -> gills	gills -> tissues -> cells	tissues -> gills -> cells	B
837	TIMSS_2011_4_pg100	Most birds sit on their eggs until they hatch. Which of these is the most important reason why birds sit on their eggs?	to keep the eggs inside the nest	to keep the eggs warm	to protect the eggs from the wind	to protect the eggs from the rain	B
838	Mercury_7057120	A lab technician places a colony of bacterial cells in a nutrient-rich growth medium. Which event is the technician most likely to observe with a microscope?	cell division	cellular respiration	heat production	food storage	A
839	TIMSS_2007_8_pg35	When sound waves with large amplitude are compared to sound waves with small amplitude, which of the following is true?	Sound waves with large amplitudes have less energy and sound quieter.	Sound waves with large amplitudes have more energy and sound louder.	Sound waves with large amplitudes have the same energy and sound quieter.	Sound waves with large amplitudes have the same energy and sound louder.	B
840	Mercury_SC_401255	Vinegar and water are placed in a container and stirred. What is formed when they are mixed?	gas	solid	solution	compound	C
841	MCAS_2010_5_11990	Which of the following best describes the climate of an area?	the high temperature and wind speed for six months	the high temperature and wind speed each day for one year	the temperature and precipitation every hour for one day	the average temperature and total precipitation each month for ten years	D
842	Mercury_SC_401260	Salt and pepper are placed together in a container. When the container is shaken, the salt and pepper become a	liquid.	mixture.	solution.	suspension.	B
843	MDSA_2009_5_19	All natural resources on Earth are either renewable or nonrenewable. Whether a resource is renewable or nonrenewable depends on how fast or slow the resource is replaced. If the resource is used faster than it is replaced, then the resource will, in time, disappear. Which statement describes the use of a renewable natural resource?	A home burns natural gas for heat.	A city burns coal to generate electricity.	A farmer plants different types of crops to protect the soil.	A construction crew builds a road from rock, sand, and gravel.	C
844	MCAS_2007_8_5174	Which of the following statements best explains why earthquakes occur more frequently in California than in Massachusetts?	The rock found in California is igneous, but the rock found in Massachusetts is sedimentary.	California is located on the boundary of two crustal plates, but Massachusetts is not.	The rock under California is soft, but the rock under Massachusetts is hard.	California is located on a continental plate, but Massachusetts is not.	B
845	Mercury_175368	Which of these describes a chemical change?	water freezing	paper burning	water becoming steam	paper being torn	B
846	Mercury_SC_400188	A large tree was cut down with a saw. What is the best way to estimate the age of this tree?	measure the height of the tree	measure the thickness of the bark	count the number of rings in the trunk	count the branches growing from the trunk	C
847	MCAS_2001_8_11	From smallest to largest, the levels of organization in living things are	tissues, cells, organs, organ systems.	tissues, cells, organ systems, organs.	cells, tissues, organs, organ systems.	cells, tissues, organ systems, organs.	C
848	NYSEDREGENTS_2011_4_15	Which object is nonliving?	bear	bicycle	bird	butterfly	B
849	Mercury_SC_402048	What happens when oil and water are mixed?	The mixture changes color.	The water becomes cloudy.	The oil dissolves in the water.	The oil and water remain separate.	D
850	MDSA_2009_5_46	Students measure the time for toy cars of different masses to roll down a hill. Which of the following units should the students use to measure time?	centimeters	grams	milliliters	seconds	D
851	Mercury_LBS11005	A homeowner wants to use a renewable resource to heat the home. Which resource would be the best to use?	coal	gas	oil	solar	D
852	TAKS_2009_5_33	Which of the following animal features most helps the animal move around in its habitat?	A bird's sharp beak	A cow's tail	A sea turtle's flippers	A black bear's fur	C
853	ACTAAP_2015_5_4	A student observes cells in an object by using a microscope. The student thinks that the object was part of a living thing. Which statement explains why cell theory can be used to support the student's thinking?	Cell theory was developed using a microscope.	Cell theory was developed to study living things.	Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells.	Cell theory states that scientists may classify things as living or nonliving.	C
854	Mercury_7071453	A researcher observes that an organism placed in a glass container filled with water moves away when a penlight is focused on the container. The researcher concludes that the organism is light sensitive. Which other explanation for the organism's response to the light is most possible?	The organism avoids radio waves.	The organism avoids gamma rays.	The organism moves away from vibrations.	The organism moves away from heat sources.	D
855	NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_4	Which behavior is an example of an animal adapting to a change in the environment?	a squirrel climbing a tree	a rabbit feeding its young	a frog eating an insect	a bird migrating south	D
856	Mercury_7168193	Mitochondria are cell organelles that play a large role in energy processes within the body. Which cells are most likely to have a greater amount of mitochondria?	skin	bone	blood	muscle	D
857	Mercury_7024710	Which would be the best method to use to dispose of cardboard boxes not utilized by a local grocery store?	burn them once a month	send them to be dumped in a remote area	have them recycled for future paper products	put them into a dumpster with the rest of the trash	C
858	Mercury_SC_400328	Which item is used for protection from chemical splashing?	compass	hand lens	microscope	safety goggles	D
859	Mercury_405156	Which processes change magma into igneous rock?	cooling and crystallization	compaction and cementation	heat and pressure	weathering and erosion	A
860	LEAP_2009_4_10292	Sophie investigates the water supply at her school and the things that affect it. Which action is a direct observation?	tasting water from a water fountain	reading water test results	studying the rules for purifying water	investigating causes of water pollution	A
861	Mercury_7072660	Two identical books are on opposite ends of a table. Which of these would increase the gravitational force exerted between the two books?	decrease the distance between the books	decrease the mass of the books	decrease the mass of the table	decrease the temperature in the room	A
862	Mercury_SC_400051	When a guitar string is plucked, sound is produced by	the size of the guitar.	the metal on the guitar.	the wood on the guitar.	the vibrations of the string.	D
863	ACTAAP_2014_5_14	What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?	absorbing oxygen	reflecting green light	absorbing light energy	blocking carbon dioxide	C
864	NYSEDREGENTS_2006_4_7	Which tool should a student use to compare the masses of two small rocks?	balance	hand lens	ruler	measuring cup	A
865	Mercury_407660	Which is an example of a chemical reaction?	Vinegar added to baking soda forms a gas.	Water evaporates into air.	Sugar dissolves in water.	Corn kernels are crushed to form flour.	A
866	Mercury_7246225	Which type of evidence would a geologist need to support plate tectonic theory?	plant fossils that are similar in size	the weathering and erosion of coastlines	new crust formed by the sea floor spreading	rocks with different physical appearances	C
867	NYSEDREGENTS_2011_4_16	An example of a learned trait is	being able to read	being able to breathe	having a scar	having brown eyes	A
868	Mercury_SC_408575	Angelo wants to know if the volume of water changes when it freezes. He measures the volume of water in its liquid state and then freezes it. Which tool did Angelo most likely use to measure the volume of the water?	a microscope	a thermometer	a balance scale	a graduated cylinder	D
869	MCAS_2005_8_32	In order for a glider to fly, its weight must be opposed by	lift.	drag.	gravity.	friction.	A
870	NAEP_2005_8_S14+10	Why does the leaf of a plant look green?	Because it absorbs green light	Because it reflects green light	Because it absorbs only yellow and blue light	Because it reflects a mixture of yellow and blue light	B
871	Mercury_7081410	Which statement best describes the nature of sound?	Sound travels fastest in air.	Sound travels faster than light.	Sound travels as longitudinal waves.	Sound travels as transverse waves.	C
872	Mercury_7271688	Which of these provides most of the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere?	coral reefs	rainforest plants	ocean phytoplankton	continental grasslands	C
873	Mercury_402217	A solution of lead (II) nitrate reacts with a solution of sodium iodide to produce a yellow solid of lead (II) iodide and aqueous sodium nitrate. Which of these illustrates the reaction?	Pb(NO_{3})_{2}(aq) + 2NaI(aq) -> PbI_{2}(s) + 2NaNO_{3}(aq)	L_{2}N(aq) + SI(aq) -> L_{2}I(s) + SN(aq)	Pb_{2}N(aq) + NaI(aq) -> Pb_{2}I(s) NaN(aq)	Fe(NO_{3})_{2}(aq) + 2NaI(aq) -> FeI_{2} + 2NaNO_{3}(aq)	A
874	Mercury_7123410	A meteoroid becomes a meteorite when it	impacts the surface of a planet.	encounters the atmosphere of a planet.	makes a complete orbit around a planet.	starts to burn up in the atmosphere of a planet.	A
875	NYSEDREGENTS_2011_4_6	Which force causes rocks to roll downhill?	gravity	friction	erosion	magnetism	A
876	NYSEDREGENTS_2004_8_4	Infectious diseases are caused by	allergies	vitamin deficiencies	chemical spills	microorganisms	D
877	Mercury_7158970	A water wave that occurs in an ocean is an example of which type of wave?	electromagnetic	gravitational	transverse	seismic	C
878	MEAP_2005_8_7	Which of the following is an example of how insects are beneficial to humans?	Insects can spread diseases.	Insects have short life spans.	Insects pollinate flowering plants.	Insects sometimes eat poisonous plants.	C
879	Mercury_7135293	In a closed system, what happens to the total energy of the system as energy conversions take place?	It increases.	It decreases.	It remains constant.	It is transferred out of the system.	C
880	NCEOGA_2013_8_12	Which of these organisms is a producer in a marine ecosystem?	fish	gull	algae	worm	C

781

Mercury_SC_401210

Which tool is used to measure the diameter of a dime?

ruler

beaker

balance

compass

A

782

Mercury_7154525

A rainforest area is experiencing a severe drought. As a consequence, the insect population has decreased. What will the insect-eating birds most likely do as a result of the drought?

stop searching for food until it begins to rain

begin reproducing to increase population

move to a new area to find food

start the process of hibernation

C

783

NYSEDREGENTS_2007_8_18

Which unit is used to indicate the amount of energy in food?

ounce

degree

calorie

gram

C

784

Mercury_7212695

Wire was looped several times around an iron nail, and the wire's ends were connected to a battery. For which of these will this device most likely be used?

to produce a heat source

to demonstrate frictional forces

to create a magnetic field

to generate a sound wave

C

785

NYSEDREGENTS_2005_8_3

Dust and ash entering the atmosphere as a result of volcanic eruptions can affect Earth's

tidal activity

orbital shape

weather and climate

rotation and revolution

C

786

TIMSS_2011_8_pg111

During which chemical process is energy absorbed?

iron nails rusting

candles burning

vegetables rotting

plants photosynthesizing

D

787

Mercury_178640

When two nuclei are combined into one nucleus, there is a slight change in mass and the release of a large amount of energy. What is this process called?

conversion

reaction

fission

fusion

D

788

Mercury_7126228

The sound, light, and heat that a firecracker produces are originally stored as which type of energy?

nuclear energy

chemical energy

electrical energy

mechanical energy

B

789

Mercury_7136920

Vehicle exhaust contains a form of pollution called particulate matter. Technologies are being developed to reduce the amount of particulate matter in exhaust. A vehicle that produces less particulate matter would have the greatest impact on which aspect of human health?

heart health

respiratory health

the rate of birth defects

weight and physical fitness

B

790

Mercury_SC_408308

Janet learns that Earth is tilted. Due to its tilt, some areas on the surface of Earth experience darkness for an entire day. Which plant process is affected most during this darkness?

root growth

reproduction

photosynthesis

water absorption

C

791

Mercury_7219310

What types of cells are found only in organisms that reproduce sexually?

blood cells

neurons

skin cells

gametes

D

792

Mercury_7057190

Several dinosaur bones are discovered buried in volcanic ash. The type of dinosaur can best be identified by

knowing the location where the fossils were found.

establishing an inventory of bones collected.

comparing to characteristics of known dinosaurs.

knowing the absolute age of the fossils.

C

793

Mercury_7144515

Stretching is considered an important step before engaging in sports. In an investigation to see whether stretching before physical exertion reduces sports injuries, who would the control group most likely be?

athletes who stretch before working out

non-athletes who stretch before working out

athletes who do not stretch before working out

non-athletes who do not stretch before working out

C

794

MCAS_1999_4_34

In the first half of this century, which technology allowed people, for the first time, to work IN the city but live OUTSIDE the city?

airplanes

automobiles

telephones

television

B

795

Mercury_7171518

Most sedimentary rock is made from sediments of other rock. Which of these processes would the sediments most likely go through to form sedimentary rock?

compaction and cementation

folding and recrystallization

melting and solidifying

heating and pressure

A

796

NAEP_2005_4_S14+10

Rocks and Earth and on the Moon are made of similar materials. What does this observation most likely suggest?

Both the Moon and Earth split off from the Sun.

Life must have existed on the Moon at one time.

The Moon was probably formed from material from Earth.

The whole solar system is made up of the same kinds of rocks.

C

797

Mercury_7097773

In any ecosystem, organisms interact with biotic and abiotic parts of the environment. As a result of all of the interactions, the matter within the system is

produced when plants grow.

recycled when organisms die.

lost when animals and plants die.

formed when new animals are born.

B

798

MDSA_2011_8_34

Data indicate that chemical pollutants contaminate 53% of the waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. These chemical pollutants are found in the tissues of animals living in the bay. Which group of people who live away from the bay might be most affected by these chemical pollutants?

people who walk near the bay

people who read books about the bay

people who consume fish from the bay

people who own boats docked in the bay

C

799

AKDE&ED_2012_8_13

Which behavior can help animals establish a territory?

A caribou herd migrates seasonally.

A scent trail leads ants to a food source.

A wolf pack howls to warn other wolves to stay away.

A honeybee society divides the work between its members.

C

800

Mercury_7141260

Arteries and veins are two important parts of the circulatory system. What is the relationship between arteries and veins?

They work together to exchange gases.

They work together to transport nutrients.

They work independently to remove wastes.

They work independently to relay messages.

B

801

Mercury_401752

Which function is a role of a feedback system?

stimulation of appetite

identification of gender

determination of blood type

regulation of growth in the skeletal system

D

802

Mercury_7228638

Which technique will researchers studying the inheritance patterns of various disorders most likely use?

cladogram

DNA fingerprinting

gel electrophoresis

chromosomal analysis

D

803

Mercury_7128783

If a lake is polluted, which organism would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?

bass

minnows

aquatic plants

fish-eating birds

D

804

Mercury_SC_409381

Which of these can only be found in a plant cell?

a nucleus

a vacuole

a chloroplast

a mitochondrion

C

805

Mercury_7026635

The Milky Way Galaxy is visible as a bright region in the night sky. Modern telescopic observation has made it possible to discover that the brightness of the Milky Way Galaxy is due primarily to which structure?

clouds of hot gas

large numbers of stars

high energy compounds

extremely reflective ice particles

B

806

Mercury_7173793

More sulfur dioxide is being added to the atmosphere. How will this most likely affect the hydrosphere?

There will be a decrease in sea level.

The acidity of the ocean will increase.

There will be an increase in fresh water.

The temperature of the oceans will decline.

B

807

Mercury_SC_409148

Plants transform energy when they make their own food. Which type of energy is used by plants for making food?

electrical

heat

light

mechanical

C

808

Mercury_SC_407709

Dominic placed a caterpillar in a container with different kinds of leaves. Which information should he record to find out what food this caterpillar eats?

the type of leaves the caterpillar has eaten

the amount of time for all the leaves to be eaten

the number of leaves that were put in the container

the number of minutes the caterpillar spends eating

A

809

CSZ20880

Which class of elements best conducts electricity?

metals

nonmetals

semimetals

noble (inert) gases

A

810

Mercury_400886

What are the products in the chemical reaction below? NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H_{2}O

sodium hydroxide and hydrogen chloride

sodium chloride and water

sodium, chlorine, hydrogen, and oxygen

sodium, chlorine, and water

B

811

OHAT_2008_8_13

Termites eat wood but cannot digest it. Protozoans live in the termites' stomachs and use enzymes to break down the wood. The digested wood provides nutrition for both the termites and the protozoans. What type of relationship is this?

mutualism

parasitism

predation

commensalism

A

812

Mercury_409875

In the Adirondack forests of New York, some trees have died. The change in the forest is thought to be related to air pollution and rain. Which abiotic factor most likely has been changed as a result of the pollution and rain which resulted in the death of the trees?

a decrease in the amount of available oxygen

an increase in the amount of sunlight

a decrease in the pH of the soil

an increase in soil nutrients

C

813

MCAS_1999_8_11

The first step in the construction of a building typically involves

clearing the land.

setting the foundation.

servicing the structure.

installing utilities.

A

814

Mercury_7004463

What biological concept was Mendel studying when he crossed pea plants many times over many generations?

imbalance in ecosystems

predator-prey relationships

dominant and recessive traits

male and female genetic differences

C

815

Mercury_LBS10378

The following represents a number displayed on a calculator. 1.454545 E3. Which of the following shows how a student should record this number in a laboratory report?

(1.45)^3

1 5/11

1.45 x 10^3

1.45 x 3

C

816

Mercury_182385

In which process is nitrogen from the air put into a form that plants can use?

nitrification

denitrification

nitrogen saturation

nitrogen fixation

D

817

NAEP_2005_4_S10+1

The surface of the Moon is covered with craters. Most of these craters were formed by

eruptions of active volcanoes

the impacts of many meteoroids

shifting rock on the Moon's surface ("moonquakes")

tidal forces caused by the Earth and Sun

B

818

Mercury_7024325

Which event would most likely occur if the number of nitrogen fixing bacteria were reduced within an ecosystem?

plants would have more nitrates to take up

plants and animals would decompose faster

high levels of ammonia would accumulate in the soil

the level of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere would increase

D

819

Mercury_7201933

Census data show that the human population doubled from 2.65 billion in 1953 to 5.3 billion in 1990. If it continues to double at this rate, the human population could reach 10 billion by the year 2020. Which best explains how this rate of human growth can harm the environment on which humans depend?

by gradually making up more available energy

by using resources faster than they can be replaced

by changing how matter cycles through an ecosystem

by increasing the variety of ecosystems that are supported

B

820

Mercury_SC_417560

Bats find their prey at night using one of their senses to detect echoes. What does the bat send out to find prey?

odors

light

sound

electricity

C

821

TIMSS_2011_4_pg37

Which two objects produce their own light?

candle and moon

moon and mirror

sun and candle

mirror and sun

C

822

NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_1

Which example describes an organism taking in nutrients?

a dog burying a bone

a girl eating an apple

an insect crawling on a leaf

a boy planting tomatoes in a garden

B

823

Mercury_7248115

In eukaryotic organisms, interaction between which organelles is most important for cell shape, tensile strength, and communication between cells?

cytoskeleton and cell membrane

cytoplasm and Golgi apparatus

nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum

ribosome and central vacuole

A

824

Mercury_7161088

A radio station broadcasting across a large area is experiencing thunderstorms. How will the radio waves from the station be affected?

wavelength will be increased

amplitude will be unchanged

frequency will be distorted

speed will be decreased

C

825

Mercury_7072293

An electrical circuit can be used to break down water into hydrogen and oxygen. In this process, electrical energy produces

kinetic energy.

physical changes.

chemical changes.

potential energy.

C

826

ACTAAP_2014_7_9

Which method could be used to separate a solution of table salt and water?

mixing

settling

filtration

evaporation

D

827

Mercury_SC_401189

Which is an example of light being reflected?

taking a picture

using a magnifying glass

looking into a mirror

using eyeglasses

C

828

Mercury_SC_400689

What is the MAJOR role of the Sun in the water cycle?

It causes evaporation.

It allows plants to grow.

It provides heat for organisms.

It transmits light.

A

829

NYSEDREGENTS_2011_8_36

Which activity is an example of a chemical change?

dissolving table salt in water

hammering aluminum into thin sheets

melting gold to make jewelry

burning wood to produce ashes

D

830

CSZ_2006_5_CSZ10256

A city has a temperature of 75 °F, with partly cloudy skies. Weather forecasters are predicting that the air pressure and temperature will drop during the day. Which type of weather is most likely for this area in the late afternoon?

rainy.

sunny.

snowing.

hailing.

A

831

MDSA_2011_4_2

In Maryland, most bears have thick, dark fur. Which statement best explains how dark fur helps bears survive in the forests of Maryland?

Dark fur is lightweight.

Dark fur scares enemies.

Dark fur helps bears hide.

Dark fur keeps bears cool.

C

832

Mercury_SC_409235

Nicole was studying different ecosystems. She compared the number of plants living in a forest to those in a desert. Which factor best explains why more plants may survive in a forest?

There is more rain in the forest.

There is more oxygen in the forest.

There is more sunlight in the forest.

There is more competition in the forest.

A

833

Mercury_184800

A short plant with a thick, fleshy stem, extensive roots, and a short blooming period would most likely be found in which of the following environments?

prairie

desert

coniferous forest

deciduous forest

B

834

Mercury_SC_400022

What happens when oil is placed in water?

Some oil sinks below the surface.

Oil droplets form in the water.

The oil and water mix together.

The oil floats on top of the water.

D

835

NYSEDREGENTS_2011_4_25

A decomposer is an organism that

hunts and eats animals

migrates for the winter

breaks down dead plants and animals

uses water and sunlight to make food

C

836

MCAS_2016_8_17

Which of the following correctly orders part of a fish's respiratory system from the least complex to most complex?

cells -> gills -> tissues

cells -> tissues -> gills

gills -> tissues -> cells

tissues -> gills -> cells

B

837

TIMSS_2011_4_pg100

Most birds sit on their eggs until they hatch. Which of these is the most important reason why birds sit on their eggs?

to keep the eggs inside the nest

to keep the eggs warm

to protect the eggs from the wind

to protect the eggs from the rain

B

838

Mercury_7057120

A lab technician places a colony of bacterial cells in a nutrient-rich growth medium. Which event is the technician most likely to observe with a microscope?

cell division

cellular respiration

heat production

food storage

A

839

TIMSS_2007_8_pg35

When sound waves with large amplitude are compared to sound waves with small amplitude, which of the following is true?

Sound waves with large amplitudes have less energy and sound quieter.

Sound waves with large amplitudes have more energy and sound louder.

Sound waves with large amplitudes have the same energy and sound quieter.

Sound waves with large amplitudes have the same energy and sound louder.

B

840

Mercury_SC_401255

Vinegar and water are placed in a container and stirred. What is formed when they are mixed?

gas

solid

solution

compound

C

841

MCAS_2010_5_11990

Which of the following best describes the climate of an area?

the high temperature and wind speed for six months

the high temperature and wind speed each day for one year

the temperature and precipitation every hour for one day

the average temperature and total precipitation each month for ten years

D

842

Mercury_SC_401260

Salt and pepper are placed together in a container. When the container is shaken, the salt and pepper become a

liquid.

mixture.

solution.

suspension.

B

843

MDSA_2009_5_19

All natural resources on Earth are either renewable or nonrenewable. Whether a resource is renewable or nonrenewable depends on how fast or slow the resource is replaced. If the resource is used faster than it is replaced, then the resource will, in time, disappear. Which statement describes the use of a renewable natural resource?

A home burns natural gas for heat.

A city burns coal to generate electricity.

A farmer plants different types of crops to protect the soil.

A construction crew builds a road from rock, sand, and gravel.

C

844

MCAS_2007_8_5174

Which of the following statements best explains why earthquakes occur more frequently in California than in Massachusetts?

The rock found in California is igneous, but the rock found in Massachusetts is sedimentary.

California is located on the boundary of two crustal plates, but Massachusetts is not.

The rock under California is soft, but the rock under Massachusetts is hard.

California is located on a continental plate, but Massachusetts is not.

B

845

Mercury_175368

Which of these describes a chemical change?

water freezing

paper burning

water becoming steam

paper being torn

B

846

Mercury_SC_400188

A large tree was cut down with a saw. What is the best way to estimate the age of this tree?

measure the height of the tree

measure the thickness of the bark

count the number of rings in the trunk

count the branches growing from the trunk

C

847

MCAS_2001_8_11

From smallest to largest, the levels of organization in living things are

tissues, cells, organs, organ systems.

tissues, cells, organ systems, organs.

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems.

cells, tissues, organ systems, organs.

C

848

NYSEDREGENTS_2011_4_15

Which object is nonliving?

bear

bicycle

bird

butterfly

B

849

Mercury_SC_402048

What happens when oil and water are mixed?

The mixture changes color.

The water becomes cloudy.

The oil dissolves in the water.

The oil and water remain separate.

D

850

MDSA_2009_5_46

Students measure the time for toy cars of different masses to roll down a hill. Which of the following units should the students use to measure time?

centimeters

grams

milliliters

seconds

D

851

Mercury_LBS11005

A homeowner wants to use a renewable resource to heat the home. Which resource would be the best to use?

coal

gas

oil

solar

D

852

TAKS_2009_5_33

Which of the following animal features most helps the animal move around in its habitat?

A bird's sharp beak

A cow's tail

A sea turtle's flippers

A black bear's fur

C

853

ACTAAP_2015_5_4

A student observes cells in an object by using a microscope. The student thinks that the object was part of a living thing. Which statement explains why cell theory can be used to support the student's thinking?

Cell theory was developed using a microscope.

Cell theory was developed to study living things.

Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells.

Cell theory states that scientists may classify things as living or nonliving.

C

854

Mercury_7071453

A researcher observes that an organism placed in a glass container filled with water moves away when a penlight is focused on the container. The researcher concludes that the organism is light sensitive. Which other explanation for the organism's response to the light is most possible?

The organism avoids radio waves.

The organism avoids gamma rays.

The organism moves away from vibrations.

The organism moves away from heat sources.

D

855

NYSEDREGENTS_2005_4_4

Which behavior is an example of an animal adapting to a change in the environment?

a squirrel climbing a tree

a rabbit feeding its young

a frog eating an insect

a bird migrating south

D

856

Mercury_7168193

Mitochondria are cell organelles that play a large role in energy processes within the body. Which cells are most likely to have a greater amount of mitochondria?

skin

bone

blood

muscle

D

857

Mercury_7024710

Which would be the best method to use to dispose of cardboard boxes not utilized by a local grocery store?

burn them once a month

send them to be dumped in a remote area

have them recycled for future paper products

put them into a dumpster with the rest of the trash

C

858

Mercury_SC_400328

Which item is used for protection from chemical splashing?

compass

hand lens

microscope

safety goggles

D

859

Mercury_405156

Which processes change magma into igneous rock?

cooling and crystallization

compaction and cementation

heat and pressure

weathering and erosion

A

860

LEAP_2009_4_10292

Sophie investigates the water supply at her school and the things that affect it. Which action is a direct observation?

tasting water from a water fountain

reading water test results

studying the rules for purifying water

investigating causes of water pollution

A

861

Mercury_7072660

Two identical books are on opposite ends of a table. Which of these would increase the gravitational force exerted between the two books?

decrease the distance between the books

decrease the mass of the books

decrease the mass of the table

decrease the temperature in the room

A

862

Mercury_SC_400051

When a guitar string is plucked, sound is produced by

the size of the guitar.

the metal on the guitar.

the wood on the guitar.

the vibrations of the string.

D

863

ACTAAP_2014_5_14

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

absorbing oxygen

reflecting green light

absorbing light energy

blocking carbon dioxide

C

864

NYSEDREGENTS_2006_4_7

Which tool should a student use to compare the masses of two small rocks?

balance

hand lens

ruler

measuring cup

A

865

Mercury_407660

Which is an example of a chemical reaction?

Vinegar added to baking soda forms a gas.

Water evaporates into air.

Sugar dissolves in water.

Corn kernels are crushed to form flour.

A

866

Mercury_7246225

Which type of evidence would a geologist need to support plate tectonic theory?

plant fossils that are similar in size

the weathering and erosion of coastlines

new crust formed by the sea floor spreading

rocks with different physical appearances

C

867

NYSEDREGENTS_2011_4_16

An example of a learned trait is

being able to read

being able to breathe

having a scar

having brown eyes

A

868

Mercury_SC_408575

Angelo wants to know if the volume of water changes when it freezes. He measures the volume of water in its liquid state and then freezes it. Which tool did Angelo most likely use to measure the volume of the water?

a microscope

a thermometer

a balance scale

a graduated cylinder

D

869

MCAS_2005_8_32

In order for a glider to fly, its weight must be opposed by

lift.

drag.

gravity.

friction.

A

870

NAEP_2005_8_S14+10

Why does the leaf of a plant look green?

Because it absorbs green light

Because it reflects green light

Because it absorbs only yellow and blue light

Because it reflects a mixture of yellow and blue light

B

871

Mercury_7081410

Which statement best describes the nature of sound?

Sound travels fastest in air.

Sound travels faster than light.

Sound travels as longitudinal waves.

Sound travels as transverse waves.

C

872

Mercury_7271688

Which of these provides most of the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere?

coral reefs

rainforest plants

ocean phytoplankton

continental grasslands

C

873

Mercury_402217

A solution of lead (II) nitrate reacts with a solution of sodium iodide to produce a yellow solid of lead (II) iodide and aqueous sodium nitrate. Which of these illustrates the reaction?

Pb(NO_{3})_{2}(aq) + 2NaI(aq) -> PbI_{2}(s) + 2NaNO_{3}(aq)

L_{2}N(aq) + SI(aq) -> L_{2}I(s) + SN(aq)

Pb_{2}N(aq) + NaI(aq) -> Pb_{2}I(s) NaN(aq)

Fe(NO_{3})_{2}(aq) + 2NaI(aq) -> FeI_{2} + 2NaNO_{3}(aq)

A

874

Mercury_7123410

A meteoroid becomes a meteorite when it

impacts the surface of a planet.

encounters the atmosphere of a planet.

makes a complete orbit around a planet.

starts to burn up in the atmosphere of a planet.

A

875

NYSEDREGENTS_2011_4_6

Which force causes rocks to roll downhill?

gravity

friction

erosion

magnetism

A

876

NYSEDREGENTS_2004_8_4

Infectious diseases are caused by

allergies

vitamin deficiencies

chemical spills

microorganisms

D

877

Mercury_7158970

A water wave that occurs in an ocean is an example of which type of wave?

electromagnetic

gravitational

transverse

seismic

C

878

MEAP_2005_8_7

Which of the following is an example of how insects are beneficial to humans?

Insects can spread diseases.

Insects have short life spans.

Insects pollinate flowering plants.

Insects sometimes eat poisonous plants.

C

879

Mercury_7135293

In a closed system, what happens to the total energy of the system as energy conversions take place?

It increases.

It decreases.

It remains constant.

It is transferred out of the system.

C

880

NCEOGA_2013_8_12

Which of these organisms is a producer in a marine ecosystem?

fish

gull

algae

worm

C