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one major obstacle lies in methodological limitations most studies rely on non-invasive neural measures with limited spatial or temporal | resolution | temporal resolution | one major obstacle lies in methodological limitations most studies rely on non-invasive neural measures with limited spatial or temporal resolution making it difficult to disentangle proper nccs from concurrent cognitive processes |
by bridging micro-level psychological processes with macro-level sociological phenomena slt extends qlm into the domain of complex social | systems | complex systems | by bridging micro-level psychological processes with macro-level sociological phenomena slt extends qlm into the domain of complex social systems offering a mathematically grounded paradigm for interpreting rapid transformations in contemporary societies |
we focus on the efficiency of building tree | embedding | tree edit distance | we focus on the efficiency of building tree embedding in various computational settings under high-dimensional euclidean mathbb r d |
based on a controlled user study of a proxy construction | task | task performance | based on a controlled user study of a proxy construction task n 20 we show that the performance-first strategy facilitated faster iterations and decision-making but also biased users towards well-performing proxies that are misaligned with the application goal |
to model this process we employ a two-type branching process with state-dependent | growth | growth rates | to model this process we employ a two-type branching process with state-dependent growth rates |
experimental results showed that compared to the baseline which prompts intermediate reasoning without presenting | pragmatic | pragmatic theories | experimental results showed that compared to the baseline which prompts intermediate reasoning without presenting pragmatic theories 0-shot chain-of-thought our methods enabled language models to achieve up to 9 |
constructing a quantum algorithm for this problem with a query complexity improving the upper | bound | quantum error correction | constructing a quantum algorithm for this problem with a query complexity improving the upper bound o n 7 4 is an open problem |
however as typical to any quantum resource network | nonlocality | quantum walk | however as typical to any quantum resource network nonlocality is also vulnerable to environmental noise which sometimes prove to be detrimental |
while challenges and critical gaps can be found in all of these approaches ai | ml | machine learning ml | while challenges and critical gaps can be found in all of these approaches ai ml efforts specifically remain in its infant stage for good reasons |
assessing scenario coverage is crucial for evaluating the robustness of autonomous agents yet existing methods rely on expensive human annotations or computationally intensive large | vision-language | vision-language models | assessing scenario coverage is crucial for evaluating the robustness of autonomous agents yet existing methods rely on expensive human annotations or computationally intensive large vision-language models lvlms |
critically robust learning requires the synaptic | plasticity | continual learning | critically robust learning requires the synaptic plasticity timescale to exceed the stimulus duration by one to two orders of magnitude |
monte carlo simulations demonstrate excellent finite-sample | performance | monte carlo | monte carlo simulations demonstrate excellent finite-sample performance with boundary estimates achieving rmse below 10 in realistic configurations |
self-improvement has emerged as a mainstream paradigm for advancing the reasoning | capabilities | language models | self-improvement has emerged as a mainstream paradigm for advancing the reasoning capabilities of large vision-language models lvlms where models explore and learn from successful trajectories iteratively |
here we introduce a unified framework of constructing an ai-based | surrogate | surrogate brain | here we introduce a unified framework of constructing an ai-based surrogate brain that integrates forward modeling inverse problem solving and model evaluation |
these representations must be processed by | appropriate | abstract representations | these representations must be processed by appropriate hardware |
these limitations are particularly apparent in real-life driving scenarios where state-of-the-art algorithms struggle to safely or reliably complete | overtaking | wheel-to-wheel racing | these limitations are particularly apparent in real-life driving scenarios where state-of-the-art algorithms struggle to safely or reliably complete overtaking manoeuvres |
we measure abundance ratios in 209 giant stars that are confirmed members of the smc providing the first extensive dataset of eu abundances in this galaxy across its full | metallicity | galactic nuclei | we measure abundance ratios in 209 giant stars that are confirmed members of the smc providing the first extensive dataset of eu abundances in this galaxy across its full metallicity range spanning more than 1 |
two-dimensional 2d materials offer large-area atomically flat surfaces suitable for massively parallel in-plane biomolecule | imaging | force microscopy | two-dimensional 2d materials offer large-area atomically flat surfaces suitable for massively parallel in-plane biomolecule imaging yet achieving guided motion in one-dimensional confinements using top-down nanofabrication remains challenging |
smbhs are evolved following the stellar mass growth of their host galaxies by assigning an accretion rate at each | redshift | active galactic | smbhs are evolved following the stellar mass growth of their host galaxies by assigning an accretion rate at each redshift from the empirical eddington ratio distributions and duty cycles |
machine learning approaches for image classification have led to | impressive | machine learning | machine learning approaches for image classification have led to impressive advances in that field |
in network-based sis models of infectious | disease | disease transmission | in network-based sis models of infectious disease transmission infection can only occur between directly connected individuals |
for specific graph classes the algorithm can be optimized to generate edge-exchange gray codes for spanning trees in constant amortized time per tree for complete bipartite graphs o n -amortized time per tree for fan graphs and o n -amortized time per | tree | spanning trees | for specific graph classes the algorithm can be optimized to generate edge-exchange gray codes for spanning trees in constant amortized time per tree for complete bipartite graphs o n -amortized time per tree for fan graphs and o n -amortized time per tree for wheel graphs all using o n 2 space |
for the variant condition we enforce a robust decrease over a parameterized disturbance ball with nonzero probability and encode the | constraints | data-driven stabilization | for the variant condition we enforce a robust decrease over a parameterized disturbance ball with nonzero probability and encode the constraints via an s-procedure with polynomial multipliers |
assessing scenario coverage is crucial for evaluating the robustness of autonomous agents yet | existing | real-world scenarios | assessing scenario coverage is crucial for evaluating the robustness of autonomous agents yet existing methods rely on expensive human annotations or computationally intensive large vision-language models lvlms |
we also conduct a detailed analysis showing that our physlib can achieve an average | improvement | extensive experiments | we also conduct a detailed analysis showing that our physlib can achieve an average improvement of 11 |
these findings offer empirical insights for designing robust llm-based pipelines for extracting structured | representations | large language models llms | these findings offer empirical insights for designing robust llm-based pipelines for extracting structured representations from complex legal texts |
sha-256 infused embedding-driven generative modeling of high-energy | molecules | molecular dynamics | sha-256 infused embedding-driven generative modeling of high-energy molecules in low-data regimes |
finally we validate our theoretical results through simulations on | synthetic | real-world datasets | finally we validate our theoretical results through simulations on synthetic and real-world datasets |
recent large language model llm research has undergone an architectural shift from encoder-decoder | modeling | language models | recent large language model llm research has undergone an architectural shift from encoder-decoder modeling to nowadays the dominant decoder-only modeling |
certification and classification of linear quantum | error | quantum computing | certification and classification of linear quantum error mitigation methods |
most practical mu algorithms are only approximate and their | performance | computational cost | most practical mu algorithms are only approximate and their performance can only be assessed empirically |
large language models are influencing the education landscape with | students | language models | large language models are influencing the education landscape with students relying on them in their learning process |
engineering van hove singularities vhss near the fermi level if feasible offers a powerful route to control exotic | quantum | quantum technologies | engineering van hove singularities vhss near the fermi level if feasible offers a powerful route to control exotic quantum phases in electronic and magnetic behaviors |
particularly we design an additional control input using | reinforcement | deep reinforcement | particularly we design an additional control input using reinforcement learning rl to be applied to the vehicle powertrain along with the input commanded by the battery |
multimodal large language models mllms exhibit a pronounced preference for textual inputs when processing vision-language | data | language models | multimodal large language models mllms exhibit a pronounced preference for textual inputs when processing vision-language data limiting their ability to reason effectively from visual evidence |
however these models often lack transparency and explainability can be costly to fine-tune require substantial prompt engineering yield inconsistent results across | domains | world models | however these models often lack transparency and explainability can be costly to fine-tune require substantial prompt engineering yield inconsistent results across domains and impose significant adverse environmental impact due to their high computational demands |
to further balance performance and automated effort we then develop a minimal intervention controller mic that retains acceptable | stability | data-driven stabilization | to further balance performance and automated effort we then develop a minimal intervention controller mic that retains acceptable stability while limiting automation |
computer-using agents powered by vision-language | models | ai use | computer-using agents powered by vision-language models vlms have demonstrated human-like capabilities in operating digital environments like mobile platforms |
reconfigurable intelligent surface ris technology has emerged as a key enabler for future | wireless | reconfigurable intelligent | reconfigurable intelligent surface ris technology has emerged as a key enabler for future wireless communications |
momentum-resolved reflectivity of a 2d photonic | crystal | photonic devices | momentum-resolved reflectivity of a 2d photonic crystal in the near-infrared |
potential old stellar populations may be necessary to account for the derived | metallicity | stellar population | potential old stellar populations may be necessary to account for the derived metallicity of sim0 |
to address these challenges we propose a spatial prior-guided cross dual | encoder | dual encoder | to address these challenges we propose a spatial prior-guided cross dual encoder network spg-cdenet a novel two-stage segmentation paradigm designed to improve multi-organ segmentation accuracy |
motivated by the quadratic nature of self-attention we hypothesize that vits represent whether two patches belong to the same | object | visual stimuli | motivated by the quadratic nature of self-attention we hypothesize that vits represent whether two patches belong to the same object a property we term issameobject |
clueweb-reco is a synthetic dataset derived from | real | data curation | clueweb-reco is a synthetic dataset derived from real user-consented and privacy-guaranteed browsing data |
our simulations with fast transport mechanisms either diffusion or streaming are degenerate they each produce a lower gamma -ray luminosity than slow | transport | interstellar medium | our simulations with fast transport mechanisms either diffusion or streaming are degenerate they each produce a lower gamma -ray luminosity than slow transport simulations by two orders of magnitude |
this means that the brain is highly compressible only a sparse network of | correlations | functional connectivity | this means that the brain is highly compressible only a sparse network of correlations is needed to predict large-scale activity |
this paper presents cruise curriculum-based iterative self-play for scalable multi-drone racing a | reinforcement | reinforcement learning | this paper presents cruise curriculum-based iterative self-play for scalable multi-drone racing a reinforcement learning framework designed to solve this challenge in the demanding domain of multi-drone racing |
with realistic system parameters such as cavity quality factor q 2 times10 5 and t center optical linewidth gamma 2 pi 100 mhz we calculate a single-shot | readout | qubit readout | with realistic system parameters such as cavity quality factor q 2 times10 5 and t center optical linewidth gamma 2 pi 100 mhz we calculate a single-shot readout fidelity exceeding 99 within 8 |
variational quantum algorithms vqas face an inherent trade-off between expressivity and trainability deeper circuits can represent richer | states | quantum networks | variational quantum algorithms vqas face an inherent trade-off between expressivity and trainability deeper circuits can represent richer states but suffer from noise accumulation and barren plateaus while shallow circuits remain trainable and implementable but lack expressive power |
creating similar swarm intelligence in engineered | robots | multi-robot collaboration | creating similar swarm intelligence in engineered robots poses challenges to the design of collaborative algorithms that can be programmed at large scales |
it yields a practical accuracy efficiency trade-off for | robot | obstacle avoidance | it yields a practical accuracy efficiency trade-off for robot policies |
riesz regression covariate balancing dre and the matching estimator are methods for estimating the | balancing | covariate balancing | riesz regression covariate balancing dre and the matching estimator are methods for estimating the balancing weights where riesz regression is essentially equivalent to dre in the ate context the matching estimator is a special case of dre and dre is in a dual relationship with covariate balancing |
the weighted surrogate cost function is then | minimized | cost function | the weighted surrogate cost function is then minimized using relative positions between robots |
weighted food webs make computing phylogenetic | diversity | ecological communities | weighted food webs make computing phylogenetic diversity so much harder |
unmanned aerial vehicles uavs are emerging as key enablers for low-altitude | wireless | wireless networks | unmanned aerial vehicles uavs are emerging as key enablers for low-altitude wireless network lawn particularly when terrestrial networks are unavailable |
participants were assigned to receive directive metacognitive or hybrid ai-generated | feedback | directive metacognitive | participants were assigned to receive directive metacognitive or hybrid ai-generated feedback that blended elements of both directive and metacognitive feedback |
we present a multi-wavelength analysis of 14 tidal disruption events tdes -including an off-nuclear event associated with an ultra-compact dwarf galaxy-selected for having available thermal | x-ray | galactic nuclei | we present a multi-wavelength analysis of 14 tidal disruption events tdes -including an off-nuclear event associated with an ultra-compact dwarf galaxy-selected for having available thermal x-ray spectra during their late-time uv optical plateau phase |
to achieve this we develop a two-stream audio-visual | fusion | image fusion | to achieve this we develop a two-stream audio-visual fusion model that predicts the importance of video frames where importance is defined as the likelihood of a frame being selected in the firm-produced short ad |
electrifying the steam cracking process is a promising pathway to | reduce | steam cracking | electrifying the steam cracking process is a promising pathway to reduce carbon emissions |
we use boltzmann transport equation while taking into account the full energy momentum band dependence of all relevant electronic | scattering | nonlinear transport | we use boltzmann transport equation while taking into account the full energy momentum band dependence of all relevant electronic scattering rates i |
our general interaction framework which reduces to several previously studied models as special cases provides a versatile platform for engineering quantum | correlations | quantum dot | our general interaction framework which reduces to several previously studied models as special cases provides a versatile platform for engineering quantum correlations with applications in quantum simulation state preparation and sensing protocols |
lagmemo language 3d gaussian splatting memory for multi-modal open-vocabulary multi-goal | visual | visual navigation | lagmemo language 3d gaussian splatting memory for multi-modal open-vocabulary multi-goal visual navigation |
the eeg microstate analysis was utilized to explore the relative variations in temporal parameters and brain | functional | human brain | the eeg microstate analysis was utilized to explore the relative variations in temporal parameters and brain functional connectivity |
correlations in a quantum switch-based heat engine with | measurements | quantum coherence | correlations in a quantum switch-based heat engine with measurements a proof-of-principle demonstration |
we find that the mutualism is abandoned and re-established several times through | evolutionary | evolutionary game | we find that the mutualism is abandoned and re-established several times through evolutionary time but the mutualism may persist the majority of time |
the era of agentic organization learning to organize with | language | language models | the era of agentic organization learning to organize with language models |
this yields toolpref-pairwise-30k a diverse balanced and challenging dataset of critique tasks that supports reinforcement | learning | reasoning tasks | this yields toolpref-pairwise-30k a diverse balanced and challenging dataset of critique tasks that supports reinforcement learning with verifiable feedback |
recent deep learning based approaches have substantially improved | performance | deep network | recent deep learning based approaches have substantially improved performance and are now the standard in computer vision motivating their application to sea ice drift estimation |
these findings raise fundamental questions about when and how well-known structural components of galaxy morphology such as | bulges | bulge stars | these findings raise fundamental questions about when and how well-known structural components of galaxy morphology such as bulges and disks first emerged |
structures that support various queries on an input text t in sigma n using space proportional to the size of t in | compressed | compressed indexing | structures that support various queries on an input text t in sigma n using space proportional to the size of t in compressed form |
these results suggest that llms can serve as practical proxies for otherwise unrevealed human thinking traces enabling label-only corpora to be extended into thinking-trace-augmented resources that enhance the reliability of | llm | models llms | these results suggest that llms can serve as practical proxies for otherwise unrevealed human thinking traces enabling label-only corpora to be extended into thinking-trace-augmented resources that enhance the reliability of llm raters |
while deep learning dominates recent mtl research support | vector | support vector machines | while deep learning dominates recent mtl research support vector machines svms and twin svms twsvms remain relevant due to their interpretability theoretical rigor and effectiveness with small datasets |
we quantify the dependence of magnetic fields on star formation | activity | active galactic | we quantify the dependence of magnetic fields on star formation activity including both regular and starburst galaxies |
central to our approach is a new primal-dual framework that reduces the computation of an approximate mwm in general | graphs | bipartite graphs | central to our approach is a new primal-dual framework that reduces the computation of an approximate mwm in general graphs to a sequence of approximate induced matching queries on an auxiliary bipartite extension |
09 and red spectral slopes provides direct evidence for | galactic | galactic disk | 09 and red spectral slopes provides direct evidence for galactic cosmic ray gcr processing of the outer layers of the interstellar comet nucleus |
this work provides direct observational evidence for the existence of lrd host galaxies and offers crucial insights into the growth of the host galaxy and the co-evolution of galaxies and their black holes within the first | billion | dark matter | this work provides direct observational evidence for the existence of lrd host galaxies and offers crucial insights into the growth of the host galaxy and the co-evolution of galaxies and their black holes within the first billion years after the big bang |
these findings highlight challenges in achieving logical consistency in llms | normative | normative reasoning | these findings highlight challenges in achieving logical consistency in llms normative reasoning and provide insights for enhancing their reliability |
this is important as reliable navigation around other vehicles is vital for safe | autonomous | autonomous driving | this is important as reliable navigation around other vehicles is vital for safe autonomous wheel-to-wheel racing |
we show that for every learning algorithm there exists an auxiliary | algorithm | gradient descent | we show that for every learning algorithm there exists an auxiliary algorithm that does not memorize and which yields comparable generalization error for any data distribution |
these subclumps exhibit parabolic morphologies consistent with ram-pressure-confined droplets with their heads tending to point toward the | galactic | dwarf galaxies | these subclumps exhibit parabolic morphologies consistent with ram-pressure-confined droplets with their heads tending to point toward the galactic plane |
taken together our analysis clarifies the trade-off between action fine-tuning and the degradation of vl representations and highlights practical approaches to recover inherited | vl | vla models | taken together our analysis clarifies the trade-off between action fine-tuning and the degradation of vl representations and highlights practical approaches to recover inherited vl capabilities |
2 textbf failure-guided hints injecting corrective guidance into | stalled | interventional constraints | 2 textbf failure-guided hints injecting corrective guidance into stalled trajectories to increase the probability of successful outcomes |
this dataset serves two key purposes 1 enabling robust training of | deep | deep network | this dataset serves two key purposes 1 enabling robust training of deep learning models on extensive heterogeneous data and 2 facilitating rigorous evaluation of model generalization for ct reconstruction |
this article proposes a modular optimal control framework for local three-dimensional ellipsoidal | obstacle | dynamic obstacles | this article proposes a modular optimal control framework for local three-dimensional ellipsoidal obstacle avoidance exemplarily applied to model predictive path-following control |
furthermore the flow-based decoder directly propagates high-level semantic features from the final | encoder | dual encoder | furthermore the flow-based decoder directly propagates high-level semantic features from the final encoder layer to all decoder layers maximizing feature preservation and utilization |
progressive prompt engineering experiments demonstrate that analytical query handling without explicit guidance remains unreliable despite models general | reasoning | reasoning curriculum | progressive prompt engineering experiments demonstrate that analytical query handling without explicit guidance remains unreliable despite models general reasoning capabilities |
however its application is often hindered by low textbf | reward | reward density | however its application is often hindered by low textbf reward density in deep search scenarios where agents expend significant exploratory costs for infrequent and often null final rewards |
we first prove np-hardness for k -cycle graphs namely graphs formed by k cycles sharing a single vertex as well as k -path graphs namely | graphs | bipartite graphs | we first prove np-hardness for k -cycle graphs namely graphs formed by k cycles sharing a single vertex as well as k -path graphs namely graphs formed by k paths with shared endpoints |
accurate epidemic forecasting requires models that account for the layered and heterogeneous nature of real | social | social interactions | accurate epidemic forecasting requires models that account for the layered and heterogeneous nature of real social interactions |
we introduce textsc flowq-net flow-based quantum design network a generative framework for automated quantum circuit synthesis based on generative flow | networks | quantum computing | we introduce textsc flowq-net flow-based quantum design network a generative framework for automated quantum circuit synthesis based on generative flow networks gflownets |
this method is shown to yield a precise and robust alternative to traditional layer-projected spin-polarization techniques for obtaining the intrinsic hidden | spin | magnetic anisotropy | this method is shown to yield a precise and robust alternative to traditional layer-projected spin-polarization techniques for obtaining the intrinsic hidden spin textures in such materials |
by providing a structured framework for assessing gui knowledge our work supports the selection of vlms with greater potential prior to downstream training and provides insights for building more capable | gui | gui knowledge | by providing a structured framework for assessing gui knowledge our work supports the selection of vlms with greater potential prior to downstream training and provides insights for building more capable gui agents |
we evaluate our hierarchical reconstruction approach on three examples 1d translational motion 2d rotational | motion | image reconstruction | we evaluate our hierarchical reconstruction approach on three examples 1d translational motion 2d rotational motion and dynamic 3d scene deformation via gaussian splatting |
we show that our estimation strategy fully exploits the multidimensional | assignment | covariate balancing | we show that our estimation strategy fully exploits the multidimensional assignment rule and reveals heterogeneous effects along the treatment boundaries |
pulse-level quantum programs can be fully described with only three low-level abstractions ports input output | channels | quantum computing | pulse-level quantum programs can be fully described with only three low-level abstractions ports input output channels frames reference signals and waveforms pulse envelopes |
the next generation consists of a random sample of all the | offspring | basic reproduction | the next generation consists of a random sample of all the offspring so that the population size remains fixed where the sampling is made according to a parameterized gibbs measure of the fitness of the offspring |
we establish the convergence of the sequence generated by tkma to a fixed | point | local convergence | we establish the convergence of the sequence generated by tkma to a fixed point of t |
accurate estimation of motion information is crucial in diverse computational imaging and | computer | point tracking | accurate estimation of motion information is crucial in diverse computational imaging and computer vision applications |
while recent llm-based approaches improve over static templates they still generate noisy fragmented graphs with duplicate nodes due to the | absence | node duplication | while recent llm-based approaches improve over static templates they still generate noisy fragmented graphs with duplicate nodes due to the absence of guided extraction and coreference resolution |
atomic force microscopy showed a significant increase in the young | s | force microscopy | atomic force microscopy showed a significant increase in the young s modulus of the film for both sample types after hydrogenation |
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