prompt stringlengths 41 511 | target stringlengths 1 25 | keyword stringclasses 697
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the modelling is based on a susceptible-infected-recovered sir - model and on a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered seir - model through a kernel that dampens the activity based on the recent history of | infectious | infectious individuals | the modelling is based on a susceptible-infected-recovered sir - model and on a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered seir - model through a kernel that dampens the activity based on the recent history of infectious individuals |
a refiner agent synthesizes the search history which effectively compresses the researcher s perceived trajectory thereby reducing exploration cost and increasing the overall | reward | reward density | a refiner agent synthesizes the search history which effectively compresses the researcher s perceived trajectory thereby reducing exploration cost and increasing the overall reward density |
this paper proposes a new method for estimating conditional | average | average treatment | this paper proposes a new method for estimating conditional average treatment effects cate in randomized experiments |
while modern large language models llms are increasingly used to model neural responses to | language | encoding models | while modern large language models llms are increasingly used to model neural responses to language their internal representations are highly entangled mixing information about lexicon syntax meaning and reasoning |
we introduce multicolleagues a multi-agent conversational system that shows how ai | agents | ai assistance | we introduce multicolleagues a multi-agent conversational system that shows how ai agents can act as colleagues by conversing with each other sharing new ideas and actively involving users in collaborative ideation |
human feedback is critical for aligning ai | systems | ai agents | human feedback is critical for aligning ai systems to human values |
we argue that such abstraction leads to oversimplification of | reasoning | natural language | we argue that such abstraction leads to oversimplification of reasoning methodologies from nlp ml and results in a distortion of llms empirically studied capabilities and un known limitations |
two widely studied approaches are directive feedback which gives explicit explanations and reduces cognitive load to speed up learning and metacognitive | feedback | directive metacognitive | two widely studied approaches are directive feedback which gives explicit explanations and reduces cognitive load to speed up learning and metacognitive feedback which prompts learners to reflect track their progress and develop self-regulated learning srl skills |
however the potential perceptual demands of viewing | virtual | physical virtual | however the potential perceptual demands of viewing virtual annotations while navigating a physical environment could impact user efficacy and safety and the implications of these demands are not well understood |
a mathematical theory for understanding when | abstract | abstract representations | a mathematical theory for understanding when abstract representations emerge in neural networks |
specifically our algorithm runs in k p-1 cdot mathrm | polylog | mathrm polylog | specifically our algorithm runs in k p-1 cdot mathrm polylog n bits of communication which is optimal up to polylogarithmic factors |
such organisations are abundant in nature as sharing information is a key benefit of many biological | collective | collective systems | such organisations are abundant in nature as sharing information is a key benefit of many biological collective systems and have been influential in the design of many artificial collectives such as swarm robotics |
nearest neighbor matching is equivalent to least squares | density | density-ratio estimation | nearest neighbor matching is equivalent to least squares density ratio estimation and riesz regression |
to address the practical demands of multi-modal open-vocabulary goal queries and | multi-goal | multi-modal open-vocabulary | to address the practical demands of multi-modal open-vocabulary goal queries and multi-goal visual navigation we propose lagmemo a navigation system that leverages a language 3d gaussian splatting memory |
can language models boost the power of randomized | experiments | randomized experiments | can language models boost the power of randomized experiments without statistical bias |
2 of disagreement trials reporting less certainty and more | normative | normative reasoning | 2 of disagreement trials reporting less certainty and more normative conformity |
evaluations across digital and physical benchmarks show that a single blm _1 instance outperforms four model | families | vla models | evaluations across digital and physical benchmarks show that a single blm _1 instance outperforms four model families -- mllms ellms vlas and gmlms -- achieving sim |
we develop a structural framework for modeling and | inferring | panel data | we develop a structural framework for modeling and inferring unobserved heterogeneity in dynamic panel-data models |
the role of viral dynamics and infectivity in models of oncolytic virotherapy for | tumours | viral replication | the role of viral dynamics and infectivity in models of oncolytic virotherapy for tumours with different motility |
the theoretical analysis presented in this work focuses on novel | convergence | convergence rate | the theoretical analysis presented in this work focuses on novel convergence estimates for the sga and lrsga methods including parameter bounds |
language models can be used to provide interactive personalized student | feedback | human feedback | language models can be used to provide interactive personalized student feedback in educational settings |
this development culminated with a new class of measures that are both time scale independent and | time | temporal resolution | this development culminated with a new class of measures that are both time scale independent and time resolved |
unlike previous studies that treat either disturbance rejection or partial sensing this work combines the command filter | disturbance | bounded disturbances | unlike previous studies that treat either disturbance rejection or partial sensing this work combines the command filter disturbance observer and hgo to address both challenges simultaneously while avoiding the complexity growth typical of backstepping designs |
debiased machine learning typically requires estimation of the | riesz | debiased machine | debiased machine learning typically requires estimation of the riesz representer and the regression function |
these theoretical guarantees close an important gap in the literature providing | rigorous | theoretical guarantees | these theoretical guarantees close an important gap in the literature providing rigorous foundations for resampling-based confidence intervals and hypothesis tests |
dyck edit distance measures how far a parenthesis string is from a well-parenthesized expression while tree edit distance quantifies the minimum number of node insertions deletions and substitutions required to transform one rooted ordered labeled | tree | tree edit | dyck edit distance measures how far a parenthesis string is from a well-parenthesized expression while tree edit distance quantifies the minimum number of node insertions deletions and substitutions required to transform one rooted ordered labeled tree into another |
the intercalation of guest species into the gap of van | der | der waals | the intercalation of guest species into the gap of van der waals materials often leads to the emergence of intriguing phenomena such as superconductivity |
we demonstrate the value of this approach by applying it to a set of experiments and find that our method would have reduced the variance of the treatment effect estimate by 10 -50 compared to simple randomization in our | empirical | empirical application | we demonstrate the value of this approach by applying it to a set of experiments and find that our method would have reduced the variance of the treatment effect estimate by 10 -50 compared to simple randomization in our empirical applications |
our main results are bivariate central limit | theorems | central limit theorem | our main results are bivariate central limit theorems for a class of method-of-moments estimators under increasing-domain and fixed-domain asymptotics |
spa provides highly accurate approximations to probability | densities | density estimation | spa provides highly accurate approximations to probability densities and distribution functions via the moment generating function |
this enables early detection of operational context changes that impact | image | image classification | this enables early detection of operational context changes that impact image classification performance in the field |
we present combined jwst nirspec and miri mrs integral field spectroscopy data of the nuclear and circumnuclear regions of the highly dust obscured seyfert 2 galaxy ngc 7582 which is part of the | sample | galactic nuclei | we present combined jwst nirspec and miri mrs integral field spectroscopy data of the nuclear and circumnuclear regions of the highly dust obscured seyfert 2 galaxy ngc 7582 which is part of the sample of agn in the galaxy activity torus and outflow survey gatos |
we apply our method to variational quantum | algorithm | quantum computing | we apply our method to variational quantum algorithm vqa ansatz design for molecular ground state estimation max-cut and image classification key challenges in near-term quantum computing |
in this study we used a data-driven network approach to examine whether resting-state eeg | connectivity | human cognition | in this study we used a data-driven network approach to examine whether resting-state eeg connectivity patterns differentiate individuals according to their creative abilities |
we prove that combining diffusion models with an annealed variant of langevin | dynamics | diffusion models | we prove that combining diffusion models with an annealed variant of langevin dynamics achieves conditional sampling in polynomial time using merely an l 4 bound on the score error |
we propose a new collision avoidance strategy that takes both energy use and travel | time | dynamic obstacles | we propose a new collision avoidance strategy that takes both energy use and travel time into account |
to solve this high-dimensional non-convex problem under uncertain channels we develop a deep | reinforcement | reinforcement learning | to solve this high-dimensional non-convex problem under uncertain channels we develop a deep reinforcement learning solution framework based on the proximal policy optimization ppo algorithm that integrates distribution-aware action modeling and a multi-branch actor network |
the observation process is driven by k independent | brownian | brownian motion | the observation process is driven by k independent brownian motions while the hidden state takes n 1 values with k n |
the loss function of lp-quantile regression circumvents the non-differentiability of the absolute loss function and the difficulty of the squares loss function requiring the finiteness of error s variance and thus promises excellent properties of | lp-quantile | quantile regression | the loss function of lp-quantile regression circumvents the non-differentiability of the absolute loss function and the difficulty of the squares loss function requiring the finiteness of error s variance and thus promises excellent properties of lp-quantile regression |
the empirical performance of the proposed methods is demonstrated through | numerical | computationally efficient | the empirical performance of the proposed methods is demonstrated through numerical experiments |
the resulting problem is modeled as a markov decision process | mdp | machine learning | the resulting problem is modeled as a markov decision process mdp and solved via the deep reinforcement learning drl method |
non-asymptotic error bounds are established for the resulting estimators under heavy-tailed regime and the minimax optimal convergence | rate | convergence rate | non-asymptotic error bounds are established for the resulting estimators under heavy-tailed regime and the minimax optimal convergence rate is derived |
in contrast to the standard situation involving no s-o | coupling | s-o coupling | in contrast to the standard situation involving no s-o coupling the system exhibits long-ranged casimir forces both in two and three dimensions d 2 and d 3 |
an extension of that algorithm along with | numerical | computationally efficient | an extension of that algorithm along with numerical benchmarks on various non-gaussian and high-dimensional examples are provided to demonstrate its effectiveness and practical potential |
we also provide new data-driven control design methods in terms of linear matrix inequalities that complement the | conditions | predictive control | we also provide new data-driven control design methods in terms of linear matrix inequalities that complement the conditions for informativity |
second we demonstrate that group size affects the | dynamics | group size | second we demonstrate that group size affects the dynamics in a non-linear way revealing model-dependent dynamical regimes |
these findings suggest that geometry and tuning encode brain-region- or model-family-specific | signatures | encoding models | these findings suggest that geometry and tuning encode brain-region- or model-family-specific signatures while linearly decodable information tends to be more globally shared across regions or models |
brain decoding is a key neuroscience field that reconstructs the visual stimuli from brain activity with | fmri | brain decoding | brain decoding is a key neuroscience field that reconstructs the visual stimuli from brain activity with fmri which helps illuminate how the brain represents the world |
simultaneously strongly aligning with human | visual | convolutional neural | simultaneously strongly aligning with human visual attention |
galaxy mergers trigger starburst activity and | galactic | quiescent galaxies | galaxy mergers trigger starburst activity and galactic outflows that enrich the circumgalactic medium profoundly impacting galaxy evolution |
the confinement potential is not assumed a priori but emerges as a radial effective potential analogous to a | quantum | quantum dot | the confinement potential is not assumed a priori but emerges as a radial effective potential analogous to a quantum dot geometrically induced by the torsion of the material |
we present glyph-sr a vision-language-guided | diffusion | language models | we present glyph-sr a vision-language-guided diffusion framework that aims to achieve both objectives jointly |
to close this gap we introduce nano-scale | vision-language | vision-language models vlms | to close this gap we introduce nano-scale vision-language action nanovla a family of lightweight vla architectures that achieve high performance with minimal resources |
monte carlo simulations demonstrate that our approach exhibits excellent finite sample performance for both oos prediction and | policy | policy evaluation | monte carlo simulations demonstrate that our approach exhibits excellent finite sample performance for both oos prediction and policy evaluation |
the fast for the curious how to accelerate | fault-tolerant | quantum batteries | the fast for the curious how to accelerate fault-tolerant quantum applications |
using multi-component light profile fitting we model the radial | brightness | surface brightness | using multi-component light profile fitting we model the radial brightness distributions of a subset 20 of galaxies with an inner spheroidal sersic component and an underlying exponential disk |
we design a complex per-subcarrier distortion vector that increases sidelobes of the mismatched ambiguity function maf relative to its mainlobe using two objectives the sidelobe-to-peak level | ratio | signal-to-noise ratio | we design a complex per-subcarrier distortion vector that increases sidelobes of the mismatched ambiguity function maf relative to its mainlobe using two objectives the sidelobe-to-peak level ratio and the integrated sidelobe level |
our findings reinforce the need for designing llm-based tools that more clearly communicate their | programming | large language models llms | our findings reinforce the need for designing llm-based tools that more clearly communicate their programming capabilities to users |
we evaluate three convolutional neural network architectures of varying depth and complexity to assess their effectiveness for | periocular | convolutional neural | we evaluate three convolutional neural network architectures of varying depth and complexity to assess their effectiveness for periocular recognition |
we evaluate our tokenizer using a gnn pcn and a transformer on gesture | recognition | action recognition | we evaluate our tokenizer using a gnn pcn and a transformer on gesture recognition and object detection |
the goal of policy learning is to train a | policy | reinforcement learning | the goal of policy learning is to train a policy function that recommends a treatment given covariates to maximize population welfare |
a convexity-dependent two-phase training algorithm for | deep | gradient descent | a convexity-dependent two-phase training algorithm for deep neural networks |
our findings suggest that selecting the right | support | support vector machines | our findings suggest that selecting the right support vectors may matter more than their precise weighting |
we present a human-llm collaborative framework to infer thinking | traces | thinking traces | we present a human-llm collaborative framework to infer thinking traces from label-only annotations |
modeling the agent as a generic neural dynamical system coupled to such streams we show that accurate world-tracking imposes i emph structural constraints -- equivariance of the agent s constitutive equations and readouts -- and ii emph | dynamical | dynamical systems | modeling the agent as a generic neural dynamical system coupled to such streams we show that accurate world-tracking imposes i emph structural constraints -- equivariance of the agent s constitutive equations and readouts -- and ii emph dynamical constraints under static inputs symmetry induces conserved quantities noe... |
this approach demonstrates that robust self-testing and publicly verifiable quantum randomness can be achieved with minimal optical | complexity | open quantum | this approach demonstrates that robust self-testing and publicly verifiable quantum randomness can be achieved with minimal optical complexity without jeopardizing security |
in this work we investigate the bi-isotropic effects in the formation and tunability of hybrid surface | polaritons | phonon polaritons | in this work we investigate the bi-isotropic effects in the formation and tunability of hybrid surface polaritons in bilayer configurations |
simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms classical signal processing filtering and | deep | deep learning | simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms classical signal processing filtering and deep learning benchmarks |
filling the gap atom probe tomography of porous structures enabled by | site | electron microscopy | filling the gap atom probe tomography of porous structures enabled by site specific semglu curing |
extensive experiments have shown that our approach exceeds these baselines in conditional structured | layout | layout generation | extensive experiments have shown that our approach exceeds these baselines in conditional structured layout generation |
furthermore we incorporate focaler-siou to strengthen the model s bounding box matching capability and increase its sensitivity to small-object features thereby further enhancing | detection | object detection | furthermore we incorporate focaler-siou to strengthen the model s bounding box matching capability and increase its sensitivity to small-object features thereby further enhancing detection accuracy and robustness |
importantly suppression is transient - the two rival images compete for dominance with stochastic switches between mutually exclusive | percepts | visual rivalry | importantly suppression is transient - the two rival images compete for dominance with stochastic switches between mutually exclusive percepts occurring every few seconds with law-like regularity |
incorporating causal knowledge and mechanisms is essential for refining | causal | interventional constraints | incorporating causal knowledge and mechanisms is essential for refining causal models and improving downstream tasks such as designing new treatments |
the integration of distributed energy resources ders into wholesale electricity markets as mandated by ferc order 2222 imposes new | challenges | power systems | the integration of distributed energy resources ders into wholesale electricity markets as mandated by ferc order 2222 imposes new challenges on system operations |
we show that even absent nefarious behavior conventional confidence | intervals | confidence intervals | we show that even absent nefarious behavior conventional confidence intervals and point estimators are invalid due to the fact that non-preregistered estimates are only reported in a subset of potential data realizations |
this framework establishes a quantitative link between turbulence-induced phase distortions and | quantum | optical communication | this framework establishes a quantitative link between turbulence-induced phase distortions and quantum statistical behavior of reconstructed optical fields |
in this setting our second algorithm a 2 -off-c 2 pl actively selects samples that target the least-informative | dimensions | preference optimization | in this setting our second algorithm a 2 -off-c 2 pl actively selects samples that target the least-informative dimensions of the test user s preference |
this situation can be further exacerbated by multiple anomalous response variables whose | errors | anomaly detection | this situation can be further exacerbated by multiple anomalous response variables whose errors propagate due to correlations between outputs |
a common method for reading out the state of a | spin | spin readout | a common method for reading out the state of a spin qubit is by latching one logical qubit state either 1 rangle or 0 rangle onto a different metastable charge state |
these annotations draw inspiration from cognitive science research on how humans identify and resolve anomalies providing a comprehensive framework for evaluating | vision-language | language models | these annotations draw inspiration from cognitive science research on how humans identify and resolve anomalies providing a comprehensive framework for evaluating vision-language models vlms in detecting and understanding anomalies |
stochastic optimization in semi-discrete optimal | transport | optimal transport | stochastic optimization in semi-discrete optimal transport convergence analysis and minimax rate |
we find that most of the stars in our bulges are formed in-situ but 33 of our | bulges | stellar population | we find that most of the stars in our bulges are formed in-situ but 33 of our bulges show a non-negligible contribution of stellar accretion from satellites which could add to about 35 of the population |
accretion rates of stellar-mass compact objects | embedded | stellar mass function | accretion rates of stellar-mass compact objects embedded in agn discs |
however when a food web representing predator-prey relationships is given finding a set of species that optimizes | phylogenetic | phylogenetic tree | however when a food web representing predator-prey relationships is given finding a set of species that optimizes phylogenetic diversity subject to the condition that each saved species should be able to find food among the preserved species is np-hard spillner et al |
we find that for different types of network architectures and for both visual or neuronal stimuli these cross-supervising networks learn semantic representations that are easily decodable and that decoding accuracy is comparable to supervised networks -- both at the level of | single | neural codes | we find that for different types of network architectures and for both visual or neuronal stimuli these cross-supervising networks learn semantic representations that are easily decodable and that decoding accuracy is comparable to supervised networks -- both at the level of single networks and the ensemble |
stopping rules for monte carlo methods of | martingale | stopping rules | stopping rules for monte carlo methods of martingale difference type |
our framework offers a new lens for analyzing how both | biological | continual learning | our framework offers a new lens for analyzing how both biological and artificial neural systems learn complex features while maintaining robust information-rich representations of the world |
our cross-system comparison also suggests actionable ways that | cooperation | collective systems | our cross-system comparison also suggests actionable ways that cooperation can be improved in large-scale common pool resources problems like climate change |
then we incorporate two control actions namely vector | control | control strategies | then we incorporate two control actions namely vector control and incentives to adopt protection measures |
while there are a plethora of works showing the effectiveness of llms in generating step-by-step solutions through chain-of-thought cot reasoning on reasoning benchmarks little is understood about whether the generated cot is helpful for end-users in improving their ability to comprehend mathematical | reasoning | thinking traces | while there are a plethora of works showing the effectiveness of llms in generating step-by-step solutions through chain-of-thought cot reasoning on reasoning benchmarks little is understood about whether the generated cot is helpful for end-users in improving their ability to comprehend mathematical reasoning problems... |
scmd a kernel-based distance for structural | causal | causal effects | scmd a kernel-based distance for structural causal models to quantify transferability across environments |
we resolve this question by presenting the first bidirectional reduction showing that suffix array queries are up to an additive o log log n term in query time equivalent to prefix-select | queries | compressed indexing | we resolve this question by presenting the first bidirectional reduction showing that suffix array queries are up to an additive o log log n term in query time equivalent to prefix-select queries in all parameters |
the results demonstrate the model s capability to generate scenarios for the validation of intelligent driving functions involving multi-agent interactions as well as to augment | data | learning agents | the results demonstrate the model s capability to generate scenarios for the validation of intelligent driving functions involving multi-agent interactions as well as to augment data for their development and iterative improvement |
to address these issues we propose in-context steered | policy | policy learning | to address these issues we propose in-context steered policy optimization icpo a unified framework that leverages the inherent in-context learning capability of lrms to provide expert guidance using existing datasets |
learning to plan schedule with reinforcement-learned bimanual | robot | learning agents | learning to plan schedule with reinforcement-learned bimanual robot skills |
robotic systems navigating in real-world settings | require | autonomous driving | robotic systems navigating in real-world settings require a semantic understanding of their environment to properly determine safe actions |
in-situ infrared spectroscopy revealed non-monotonic behavior an initial increase in aliphatic ch bonds was observed followed by a decrease at higher | hydrogen | molecular dynamics | in-situ infrared spectroscopy revealed non-monotonic behavior an initial increase in aliphatic ch bonds was observed followed by a decrease at higher hydrogen fluences |
such a computation is enabled by contextual influences through which a neuron s response to visual inputs is influenced by | contextual | surrogate brain | such a computation is enabled by contextual influences through which a neuron s response to visual inputs is influenced by contextual inputs outside its classical receptive fields |
to further enhance performance an adaptive active ris configuration strategy is employed which refines the | beam | beamforming design | to further enhance performance an adaptive active ris configuration strategy is employed which refines the beam direction based on an initial user location estimate |
ai-powered approaches specifically large language models llms natural | language | language models | ai-powered approaches specifically large language models llms natural language processing nlp and generative ai offer transformative solutions and reduce inefficiencies |
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