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Gearman is an open-source application framework designed to distribute appropriate computer tasks to multiple computers, so large tasks can be done more quickly. In some cases, load balancing rather than raw speed may be the main goal; a Web server, for instance, could use Gearman to send tasks for which it is not optimized to another computer (which may be running on a different architecture, using another operating system, or loaded with a computer language better suited to a particular operation).
It was originally written in Perl by Brad Fitzpatrick | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In scientific computing, GotoBLAS and GotoBLAS2 are open source implementations of the BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms) API with many hand-crafted optimizations for specific processor types. GotoBLAS was developed by Kazushige Goto at the Texas Advanced Computing Center. As of 2003, it was used in seven of the world's ten fastest supercomputers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
gpsd is a computer software program that collects data from a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and provides the data via an Internet Protocol (IP) network to potentially multiple client applications in a server-client application architecture. Gpsd may be run as a daemon to operate transparently as a background task of the server. The network interface provides a standardized data format for multiple concurrent client applications, such as Kismet or GPS navigation software | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Graphics Layout Engine (GLE) is a graphics scripting language designed for creating publication quality graphs, plots, diagrams, figures and slides. GLE supports various graph types such as function plots, histograms, bar graphs, scatter plots, contour lines, color maps and surface plots through a simple but flexible set of graphing commands. More complex output can be created by relying on GLE's scripting language, which is full featured with subroutines, variables, and logic control | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Haddock is a free, portable command-line program documentation generator for Haskell. It is influenced by IDoc, HDoc, and Doxygen. It produces hyperlinked HTML files from annotated Haskell (the documentation is embedded in comments) source files, with additional information extracted from type annotations; it supports only partially generating documentation in SGML | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
hdparm is a command line program for Linux to set and view ATA hard disk drive hardware parameters and test performance. It can set parameters such as drive caches, sleep mode, power management, acoustic management, and DMA settings. GParted and Parted Magic both include hdparm | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
HeeksCAD is a free software computer-aided design program written in C++. It uses Open CASCADE Technology internally for the modelling and wxWidgets as its widget toolkit. HeeksCAD supports cuboids, spheres, cylinders and cones as basic 3D solids | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
HelenOS is an operating system based on a multiserver microkernel design. The source code of HelenOS is written in C and published under the BSD-3-Clause license. The system is described as a “research development open-source operating system” | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
HLSL2GLSL is a command line tool and a library that translates shaders written in High Level Shader Language (HLSL) for Direct3D 9 into the OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL). HLSL2GLSL was originally released by ATI Technologies under a BSD License. The last release was v0 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
HOL (Higher Order Logic) denotes a family of interactive theorem proving systems using similar (higher-order) logics and implementation strategies. Systems in this family follow the LCF approach as they are implemented as a library which defines an abstract data type of proven theorems such that new objects of this type can only be created using the functions in the library which correspond to inference rules in higher-order logic. As long as these functions are correctly implemented, all theorems proven in the system must be valid | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Hugs (Haskell User's Gofer System), also Hugs 98, is a bytecode interpreter for the functional programming language Haskell. Hugs is the successor to Gofer, and was originally derived from Gofer version 2. 30b | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
HylaFAX is a fax server for Unix-like computer systems. It uses a client-server design and supports the sending and receiving of faxes as well as text pages, on any scale from low to very high volumes, if necessary making use of large numbers of modems. It is open-source, free software and can be used commercially without charge | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
i3 is a tiling window manager designed for X11, inspired by wmii and written in C. It supports tiling, stacking, and tabbing layouts, which are handled manually. Its configuration is achieved via a plain text file and extending i3 is possible using its Unix domain socket and JSON based IPC interface from many programming languages | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
ILIOS is an acronym of InterLink Internet Operating System. It is an attempt to create a router-only operating system; one specifically oriented towards computer networking purposes, especially routing. It supports IPv4 routing and is a good educational OS, though it is single tasking and does everything via interrupts | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Impulse Tracker is a multi-track music tracker (music sequencer). Originally released in 1995 by Jeffrey Lim as freeware with commercial extensions, it was one of the last tracker programs for the DOS platform. In 2014, on its 20th anniversary, Impulse Tracker became open-source software and the source code was released | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Isabelle automated theorem prover is a higher-order logic (HOL) theorem prover, written in Standard ML and Scala. As an LCF-style theorem prover, it is based on a small logical core (kernel) to increase the trustworthiness of proofs without requiring — yet supporting — explicit proof objects.
Isabelle is available inside a flexible system framework allowing for logically safe extensions, which comprise both theories as well as implementations for code-generation, documentation, and specific support for a variety of formal methods | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
JavaCC (Java Compiler Compiler) is an open-source parser generator and lexical analyzer generator written in the Java programming language. JavaCC is similar to yacc in that it generates a parser from a formal grammar written in EBNF notation. Unlike yacc, however, JavaCC generates top-down parsers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
jMonkeyEngine (abbreviated JME or jME) is an open-source and cross-platform game engine for developing 3D games written in Java. It uses shader technology extensively and can be used to write games for Windows, Linux, macOS, Raspberry Pi, Android, and iOS (currently in alpha testing). It uses Lightweight Java Game Library as its default renderer and another renderer based on Java OpenGL | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
JUNG (the Java Universal Network/Graph Framework) is an open-source graph modeling and visualization framework written in Java, under the BSD license. The framework comes with a number of layout algorithms built in, as well as analysis algorithms such as graph clustering and metrics for node centrality.
JUNG's architecture is designed to support a variety of representations of entities and their relations, such as directed and undirected graphs, multi-modal graphs, graphs with parallel edges, and hypergraphs | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Laminas Project (formerly Zend Framework or ZF) is an open source, object-oriented web application framework implemented in PHP 7 and licensed under the New BSD License. The framework is basically a collection of professional PHP-based packages. The framework uses various packages by the use of Composer as part of its package dependency managers; some of them are PHPUnit for testing all packages, Travis CI for continuous Integration Services | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
LAPACK ("Linear Algebra Package") is a standard software library for numerical linear algebra. It provides routines for solving systems of linear equations and linear least squares, eigenvalue problems, and singular value decomposition. It also includes routines to implement the associated matrix factorizations such as LU, QR, Cholesky and Schur decomposition | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Leaflet is an open source JavaScript library used to build web mapping applications. First released in 2011, it supports most mobile and desktop platforms, supporting HTML5 and CSS3. Among its users are FourSquare, Pinterest and Flickr | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Ledger is a command-line based double-entry bookkeeping application. Accounting data is stored in a plain text file, using a simple format, which the users prepare themselves using other tools. Ledger does not write or modify data, it only parses the input data and produces reports | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
li₃ (formerly lithium) is a full-stack web framework, for producing web applications. It is written in PHP, supporting PHP 5. 3 and onwards and is based on the model–view–controller development architecture | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
libevent is a software library that provides asynchronous event notification. The libevent API provides a mechanism to execute a callback function when a specific event occurs on a file descriptor or after a timeout has been reached. libevent also supports callbacks triggered by signals and regular timeouts | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
LibTIFF is a library for reading and writing Tagged Image File Format (abbreviated TIFF) files. The set also contains command line tools for processing TIFFs. It is distributed in source code and can be found as binary builds for all kinds of platforms | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
LightZone is a free, open-source digital photo editor software application. It was originally developed as commercial software by the now-defunct Light Crafts. Its main purpose is to handle the workflow, including non-destructive editing when handling images in various RAW formats | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
LILO (Linux Loader) is a boot loader for Linux and was the default boot loader for most Linux distributions in the years after the popularity of loadlin. Today, many distributions use GRUB as the default boot loader, but LILO and its variant ELILO are still in wide use. Further development of LILO was discontinued in December 2015 along with a request by Joachim Wiedorn for potential developers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Listen to Wikipedia, also known as L2W or Hatnote: Listen To Wikipedia, is a multimedia visualizer developed by Mahmoud Hashemi and Stephen LaPorte which translates recent Wikipedia edits into a display of visuals and sounds. The open source software application creates a real-time statistical graphic with sound from contributions to Wikipedia from around the world. To accomplish this, L2W uses the graphics library D3 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Huawei Lite OS was a lightweight real-time operating system (RTOS) developed by Huawei. It is an open source, POSIX compliant operating system for Internet of things (IoT) devices, released under a three-clause BSD license. Microcontrollers of different architectures such as ARM (M0/3/4/7, A7/17/53, ARM9/11), x86, and RISC-V are supported by the project | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The LOCKSS ("Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe") project, under the auspices of Stanford University, is a peer-to-peer network that develops and supports an open source system allowing libraries to collect, preserve and provide their readers with access to material published on the Web. Its main goal is digital preservation.
The system attempts to replicate the way libraries do this for material published on paper | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Lumina Desktop Environment, or simply Lumina, is a plugin-based desktop environment for Unix and Unix-like operating systems. It is designed specifically as a system interface for TrueOS, and systems derived from Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) in general, but has been ported to various Linux distributions.
History
Created in 2012 by Ken Moore, Lumina was initially a set of extensions to Fluxbox, a stacking window manager for the X Window System | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
MacPorts, formerly DarwinPorts, is a package manager for macOS and Darwin. It is an open-source software project that aims to simplify the installation of other open source software. It is similar in function to Fink and the BSD ports collections | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Magic is an electronic design automation (EDA) layout tool for very-large-scale integration (VLSI) integrated circuit (IC) originally written by John Ousterhout and his graduate students at UC Berkeley. Work began on the project in February 1983. A primitive version was operational by April 1983, when Joan Pendleton, Shing Kong and other graduate student chip designers suffered through many fast revisions devised to meet their needs in designing the SOAR CPU chip, a follow-on to Berkeley RISC | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
MaraDNS is an open-source (BSD licensed) Domain Name System (DNS) implementation, which acts as either a caching, recursive, or authoritative nameserver.
Features
MaraDNS has a string library, which is buffer overflow resistant and has its own random number generator. While MaraDNS does not directly support BIND zone files, its zone file format is similar and a converter to convert from BIND's zone file format is included | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
MediaInfo is a free, cross-platform and open-source program that displays technical information about media files, as well as tag information for many audio and video files. It is used in many programs such as XMedia Recode, MediaCoder, eMule, and K-Lite Codec Pack. It can be easily integrated into any program using a supplied MediaInfo | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Memcached (pronounced variously mem-cash-dee or mem-cashed) is a general-purpose distributed memory-caching system. It is often used to speed up dynamic database-driven websites by caching data and objects in RAM to reduce the number of times an external data source (such as a database or API) must be read. Memcached is free and open-source software, licensed under the Revised BSD license | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
MemcacheDB (pronunciation: mem-cash-dee-bee) is a persistence enabled variant of memcached. MemcacheDB has not been actively maintained since 2009. It is a general-purpose distributed memory caching system often used to speed up dynamic database-driven websites by caching data and objects in memory | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Mezzanine is a content management system written in Python using the Django framework. It was initially developed by Stephen McDonald in 2010, then formally released for use in 2012. McDonald wrote in a blog post that reception to Mezzanine was mostly positive, with the most notable feedback coming from GitHub users | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Mika VM is an open-source implementation of the Java virtual machine specification, together with class libraries which implement the Connected Device Configuration of Java ME. Mika VM is based on Wonka VM, which was developed independently of any other implementation, including Sun Microsystem's RI. The same is true of most of the class libraries, but in this case some code is drawn from the GNU Classpath and Apache Harmony projects | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
MilkDrop is a hardware-accelerated music visualization plugin for Winamp and Kodi, which was originally developed by Ryan Geiss in 2001. It uses DirectX and intelligent beat detection to render iterated images which blend seamlessly. MilkDrop uses a complex system of interpolation to transition between presets gradually through time, creating a constantly changing visual experience | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
MINIX (from mini-Unix) is a Unix-like operating system based on a microkernel architecture. Since version 2. 0, it has been Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) compliant | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Modular Audio Recognition Framework (MARF) is an open-source research platform and a collection of voice, sound, speech, text and natural language processing (NLP) algorithms written in Java and arranged into a modular and extensible framework that attempts to facilitate addition of new algorithms. MARF may act as a library in applications or be used as a source for learning and extension. A few example applications are provided to show how to use the framework | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Mumble is a voice over IP (VoIP) application primarily designed for use by gamers and is similar to programs such as TeamSpeak. Mumble uses a client–server architecture which allows users to talk to each other via the same server. It has a very simple administrative interface and features high sound quality and low latency | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
musikcube is a free and open-source cross-platform, terminal-based audio player software and streaming server.
Features
musikcube is based on a modular plug-in architecture, and uses plug-ins written in C++. Plug-ins provide core functionality for audio decoding, data streaming, output device handling, metadata parsing, digital signal processing, and more | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Net-SNMP is a suite of software for using and deploying the SNMP protocol (v1, v2c and v3 and the AgentX subagent protocol). It supports IPv4, IPv6, IPX, AAL5, Unix domain sockets and other transports. It contains a generic client library, a suite of command line applications, a highly extensible SNMP agent, perl modules and python modules | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
NetworkX is a Python library for studying graphs and networks. NetworkX is free software released under the BSD-new license.
Features
Classes for graphs and digraphs | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Nginx (pronounced "engine x" EN-jin-EKS, stylized as NGINX or nginx) is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy and HTTP cache. The software was created by Igor Sysoev and publicly released in 2004. Nginx is free and open-source software, released under the terms of the 2-clause BSD license | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In Internet computing, NSD (for "name server daemon") is an open-source Domain Name System (DNS) server. It was developed by NLnet Labs of Amsterdam in cooperation with the RIPE NCC, from scratch as an authoritative name server (i. e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
NumPy (pronounced (NUM-py) or sometimes (NUM-pee)) is a library for the Python programming language, adding support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a large collection of high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays. The predecessor of NumPy, Numeric, was originally created by Jim Hugunin with contributions from several other developers. In 2005, Travis Oliphant created NumPy by incorporating features of the competing Numarray into Numeric, with extensive modifications | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
nvi (new vi) is a re-implementation of the classic Berkeley text editor, ex/vi, traditionally distributed with BSD and, later, Unix systems. It was originally distributed as part of the Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution (4BSD).
Due to licensing disputes between AT&T and the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) at the University of California, Berkeley, the CSRG was required to replace all Unix-derived portions of BSD source with new and unencumbered code | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
OJ, formerly named OpenJava, is a programming tool that parses and analyzes Java source code. It uses a metaobject protocol (MOP) to provide services for language extensions. Michiaki Tatsubori was the lead developer of OpenJava | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
OMPL (Open Motion Planning Library) is a software package for computing motion plans using sampling-based algorithms. The content of the library is limited to motion planning algorithms, which means there is no environment specification, no collision detection or visualization. This is intentional as the library is designed to be easily integrated into systems that already provide the additional needed components | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Oniguruma (鬼車) by K. Kosako is a BSD licensed regular expression library that supports a variety of character encodings. The Ruby programming language, in version 1 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Open Asset Import Library (Assimp) is a cross-platform 3D model import library which aims to provide a common application programming interface (API) for different 3D asset file formats. Written in C++, it offers interfaces for both C and C++. Bindings to other languages (e | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Open Dynamics Engine (ODE) is a physics engine written in C/C++. Its two main components are a rigid body dynamics simulation engine and a collision detection engine. It is free software licensed both under the BSD license and the LGPL | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Open Source Routing Machine or OSRM is a C++ implementation of a high-performance routing engine for shortest paths in road networks. Licensed under the permissive 2-clause BSD license, OSRM is a free network service. OSRM supports Linux, FreeBSD, Windows, and Mac OS X platform | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Open Tree of Life is an online phylogenetic tree of life – a collaborative effort, funded by the National Science Foundation. The first draft, including 2. 3 million species, was released in September 2015 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Mass deacidification is a term used in library and information science as one possible measure against the degradation of paper in old books, the so-called "slow fires". The goal of the process is to increase the pH of acidic paper. Although acid-free paper has become more common, a large body of acidic paper still exists in books made after the 1850s; this is because of its cheaper and simpler production methods | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Preservation of documents, pictures, recordings, digital content, etc. , is a major aspect of archival science. It is also an important consideration for people who are creating time capsules, family history, historical documents, scrapbooks and family trees | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Mold control and prevention is a conservation activity that is performed in libraries and archives to protect books, documents and other materials from deterioration caused by mold growth. Mold prevention consists of different methods, such as chemical treatments, careful environmental control, and manual
cleaning. Preservationists use one or a combination of these methods to combat mold spores in library and archival collections | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The preservation of optical media is essential because it is a resource in libraries, and stores audio, video, and computer data to be accessed by patrons. While optical discs are generally more reliable and durable than older media types, (magnetic tape, LPs and other records) environmental conditions and/or poor handling can result in lost information.
Types of media
The two broad types of optical discs are Compact Discs (CDs) and DVDs | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Oregon Hops and Brewing Archives (OHBA), established in 2013, is a community archive in the U. S. dedicated to collecting, preserving, and sharing materials about the story of Northwest hops and brewing | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Paper splitting is a method of preserving brittle papers often found in library and archival materials. In this process the front and back of a sheet of paper are split apart. A piece of acid-free paper is placed between these two sides of an acidic sheet before the pages are reconnected | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Preservation Society of Newport County is a private, non-profit organization based in Newport, Rhode Island. It is Rhode Island's largest and most-visited cultural organization. The organization protects the architectural heritage of Newport County, especially the Bellevue Avenue Historic District | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Preservation survey (also known as condition survey, conservation needs survey or preservation assessment) is the process of collecting and analyzing data about the physical condition of library materials.
Preservation surveys are used by libraries to determine the condition of their collections and identify necessary actions for preserving, conserving or repairing materials. They are most often conducted at research and university libraries | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Providence Preservation Society is a private, non-profit organization based in Providence, Rhode Island. The organization's mission is to preserve the architectural heritage of Providence, Rhode Island. The organization was originally formed in 1956 by area residents including preservationist Antoinette Downing to preserve historic 18th and 19th century buildings on College Hill which were threatened with demolition | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Roper Center for Public Opinion Research at Cornell University is the world's oldest archive of social science data and the largest specializing in data from public opinion surveys. Its collection includes over 24,000 datasets and more than 820,000 questions with responses in Roper iPoll, adding hundreds more each year. The archive contains responses from millions of individuals on a vast range of topics | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Scannebago concept can be attributed to Emily Gore, currently the Director for Content for the Digital Public Library of America. The premise behind the "Scannebago" is to work with donors and other funders to create a group of mobile scan centers that would enable the digitization of collections from small, local cultural heritage institutions that may not otherwise have access to these services.
Origin
The idea was conceived during Gore's time as Project Manager for NC ECHO, the former statewide digitization collaborative in North Carolina | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Sons and Daughters of Pioneer Rivermen, or S&D, is an historical organization operating out of Marietta, OH. According to its website, it "was established in 1939 to perpetuate the memory of pioneer rivermen and for the preservation of river history. " Its current president is Jeff Spear | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A reference is a relationship between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. The first object in this relation is said to refer to the second object. It is called a name for the second object | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An annotation is extra information associated with a particular point in a document or other piece of information. It can be a note that includes a comment or explanation. Annotations are sometimes presented in the margin of book pages | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A citation is a reference to a source. More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose of acknowledging the relevance of the works of others to the topic of discussion at the spot where the citation appears.
Generally, the combination of both the in-body citation and the bibliographic entry constitutes what is commonly thought of as a citation (whereas bibliographic entries by themselves are not) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Citation dynamics describes the number of references received by the article or other scientific work over time. The citation dynamics is usually described by the bang, that take place 2–3 years after the work has been published, and the burst size spans several orders of magnitude. The presence of bursts is not consistent with other models based on preferential attachment | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A citation graph (or citation network), in information science and bibliometrics, is a directed graph that describes the citations within a collection of documents.
Each vertex (or node) in the graph represents a document in the collection, and each edge is directed from one document toward another that it cites (or vice versa depending on the specific implementation). Citation graphs have been utilised in various ways, including forms of citation analysis, academic search tools and court judgements | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The term cross-reference (abbreviation: xref) can refer to either:
An instance within a document which refers to related information elsewhere in the same document. In both printed and online dictionaries cross-references are important because they form a network structure of relations existing between different parts of data, dictionary-internal as well as dictionary external.
In an index, a cross-reference is often denoted by See also | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Data publishing (also data publication) is the act of releasing research data in published form for use by others. It is a practice consisting in preparing certain data or data set(s) for public use thus to make them available to everyone to use as they wish.
This practice is an integral part of the open science movement | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Digital reference (more commonly called virtual reference) is a service by which a library reference service is conducted online, and the reference transaction is a computer-mediated communication. It is the remote, computer-mediated delivery of reference information provided by library professionals to users who cannot access or do not want face-to-face communication. Virtual reference service is most often an extension of a library's existing reference service program | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A note is a string of text placed at the bottom of a page in a book or document or at the end of a chapter, volume, or the whole text. The note can provide an author's comments on the main text or citations of a reference work in support of the text.
Footnotes are notes at the foot of the page while endnotes are collected under a separate heading at the end of a chapter, volume, or entire work | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The reference desk or information desk of a library is a public service counter where professional librarians provide library users with direction to library materials, advice on library collections and services, and expertise on multiple kinds of information from multiple sources.
Purpose and usage
Library users can consult the staff at the reference desk for help in finding information. Using a structured reference interview, the librarian works with the library user to clarify their needs and determine what information sources will fill them | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A reference interview is a conversation between a librarian and a library user, usually at a reference desk, in which the librarian responds to the user's initial explanation of his or her information need by first attempting to clarify that need and then by directing the user to appropriate information resources. Library user's need must be satisfied in any case on Reference interview.
Definition
Bopp & Smith (1995) defines the reference interview as the "conversation between a member of the library reference staff and a library user for the purpose of clarifying the user’s needs and aiding the user in meeting those needs" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A reference scenario is an imagined situation where a library patron brings a question to a librarian and there is then a conversation, called in the field a reference interview, where the librarian works to help the patron find the information they want. These scenarios are used in training future librarians how to help patrons. Basically, a scenario is as short as a couple of sentences, including a question and a situation that underlies that question | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Roving reference, also called roaming reference, is a library service model in which, instead of being positioned at a static reference desk, a librarian moves throughout the library to locate patrons with questions or concerns and offer them help in finding or using library resources.
History
Roving reference as a library service practice was first formalized in the late 1980s and early 1990s. A 1999 report from the International Federation of Library Associations identified several advantages and disadvantages with roving reference in the pre-mobile era | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Text annotation is the practice and the result of adding a note or gloss to a text, which may include highlights or underlining, comments, footnotes, tags, and links. Text annotations can include notes written for a reader's private purposes, as well as shared annotations written for the purposes of collaborative writing and editing, commentary, or social reading and sharing. In some fields, text annotation is comparable to metadata insofar as it is added post hoc and provides information about a text without fundamentally altering that original text | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Dataverse is an open source web application to share, preserve, cite, explore and analyze research data. Researchers, data authors, publishers, data distributors, and affiliated institutions all receive appropriate credit via a data citation with a persistent identifier (e. g | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education survey or DLHE was a statistical survey which aimed to contact UK and EU domiciled graduates from higher education (HE) programmes six months after qualifying from their HE course. Its aim was to establish what type of employment or further study they were engaged in, and their income, on one specific day in the survey period.
The survey was replaced in 2018 by the Graduate Outcomes survey undertaken by the Higher Education Statistics Agency | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Dryad is an international open-access repository of research data, especially data underlying scientific and medical publications (mainly of evolutionary, genetic, and ecology biology). Dryad is a curated general-purpose repository that makes data discoverable, freely reusable, and citable. The scientific, educational, and charitable mission of Dryad is to provide the infrastructure for and promote the re-use of scholarly research data | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures is a 1989 non-fiction book on postcolonialism, penned by Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin. The Empire Writes Back was the first major theoretical account of a wide range of postcolonial texts and their relationship with bigger issues of postcolonial culture, and is said to be one of the most significant and important works published in the field of postcolonialism. The writers debate on the relationships within postcolonial works, study the mighty forces acting on words in the postcolonial text, and prove how these texts constitute a radical critique of Eurocentric notions of language and literature | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Graduate Outcomes is a statistical survey of graduates from higher education courses in the UK. The survey attempts to contact all recipients of higher education qualifications approximately 15 months after graduation. It aims to gather statistics on the employment and study activities of graduates, and their subjective opinions on the value of their higher education and qualifications | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The National Pupil Database (NPD) is a database controlled by the Department for Education in England, based on multiple data collections from individuals age 2-21 in state funded education and higher education. Data are matched using pupil names, dates of birth and other personal and school characteristics, including special educational needs, disability, and indicators for free school meals, a child in care, and families in the armed forces. Personal details are linked to pupils' attainment and exam results over a lifetime school attendance | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The UK educational evidence portal (eep) is an online resource providing easy access to published research and evidence-based guidance across all areas of education, and related aspects of children’s services. It was developed through collaboration between organisations to make research evidence more widely available to a range of audiences, including educational professionals, practitioners, policy makers and the research community.
History
The portal went live in September 2007 and is funded by a number of organisations, including CfBT Education Trust, DCSF, BIS, TDA, Becta and The National College | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The UK Register of Learning Providers (UKRLP) is a website at https://www. ukrlp. co | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An activity book is a type of book, generally aimed at children, which contains interactive content such as games, puzzles, quizzes, pictures to colour and other elements that involve writing or drawing in the book itself. The book may, or may not, have a loose narrative or contain other non-interactive elements structured around the interactive elements. Activity books may be made for entertainment, education or a mixture of both | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
AfricArXiv is an open-access repository for preprints of academic publications which are either about Africa or by African scientists. The platform was established in 2018. It was established to make preprint servers more available in various fields and regions | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An association copy is a copy of a book which once belonged to the author or someone connected with the author. It can also apply to a copy that once belonged to someone particularly associated with its contents. An association copy is often also a presentation copy, in which the author gives the book to a friend, colleague, notable person, or someone upon whom a character in the book is thought or known to have been based | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Homer D. Babbidge Library (HBL) is the main library on the University of Connecticut campus in Storrs.
History
In December 1962 University of Connecticut President Homer D | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Bagaduce Music Lending Library is a music lending library in Blue Hill, Maine.
History
Established in 1983 in the garage of Mary Cheyney Gould and Marcia Chapman, the Library outgrew its original home on the Penobscot Bay near the Bagaduce River. We house over a million pieces of music with over 150,000 individual titles and over 47% of these are rare titles not found on any other library shelves | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A bibliographic index is a bibliography intended to help find a publication. Citations are usually listed by author and subject in separate sections, or in a single alphabetical sequence under a system of authorized headings collectively known as controlled vocabulary, developed over time by the indexing service. Indexes of this kind are issued in print periodical form (issued in monthly or quarterly paperback supplements, cumulated annually), online, or both | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Cryptanalysis of the Enigma ciphering system enabled the western Allies in World War II to read substantial amounts of Morse-coded radio communications of the Axis powers that had been enciphered using Enigma machines. This yielded military intelligence which, along with that from other decrypted Axis radio and teleprinter transmissions, was given the codename Ultra.
The Enigma machines were a family of portable cipher machines with rotor scramblers | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
This article contains technical details about the rotors of the Enigma machine. Understanding the way the machine encrypts requires taking into account the current position of each rotor, the ring setting and its internal wiring.
Physical design of rotors
Rotor electrical view
No letter can map to itself, a cryptographic weakness caused by the same wires being used for forwards and backwards legs | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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