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RaptorX is a software and web server for protein structure and function prediction that is free for non-commercial use. RaptorX is among the most popular methods for protein structure prediction. Like other remote homology recognition/protein threading techniques, RaptorX is able to regularly generate reliable protein models when the widely used PSI-BLAST cannot | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Adaptive sampling is a technique used in computational molecular biology to efficiently simulate protein folding when coupled with molecular dynamics simulations.
Background
Proteins spend a large portion – nearly 96% in some cases – of their folding time "waiting" in various thermodynamic free energy minima. Consequently, a straightforward simulation of this process would spend a great deal of computation to this state, with the transitions between the states – the aspects of protein folding of greater scientific interest – taking place only rarely | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Anisotropic Network Model (ANM) is a simple yet powerful tool made for normal mode analysis of proteins, which has been successfully applied for exploring the relation between function and dynamics for many proteins. It is essentially an Elastic Network Model for the Cα atoms with a step function for the dependence of the force constants on the inter-particle distance.
Theory
The Anisotropic Network Model was introduced in 2000 (Atilgan et al | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
AutoDock is a molecular modeling simulation software. It is especially effective for protein-ligand docking. AutoDock 4 is available under the GNU General Public License | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In biochemistry, a backbone-dependent rotamer library provides the frequencies, mean dihedral angles, and standard deviations of the discrete conformations (known as rotamers) of the amino acid side chains in proteins as a function of the backbone dihedral angles φ and ψ of the Ramachandran map. By contrast, backbone-independent rotamer libraries express the frequencies and mean dihedral angles for all side chains in proteins, regardless of the backbone conformation of each residue type. Backbone-dependent rotamer libraries have been shown to have significant advantages over backbone-independent rotamer libraries, principally when used as an energy term, by speeding up search times of side-chain packing algorithms used in protein structure prediction and protein design | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In chemistry, the ball-and-stick model is a molecular model of a chemical substance which displays both the three-dimensional position of the atoms and the bonds between them. The atoms are typically represented by spheres, connected by rods which represent the bonds. Double and triple bonds are usually represented by two or three curved rods, respectively, or alternately by correctly positioned sticks for the sigma and pi bonds | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Spiroligomer molecules (also known as bis-peptides) are synthetic oligomers made by coupling pairs of bis-amino acids into a fused ring system. Spiroligomer molecules are rich in stereochemistry and functionality because of the variety of bis-amino acids that are capable of being incorporated during synthesis. Due to the rigidity of the fused ring system, the three-dimensional shape of a spiroligomer molecule – as well as the display of any functional groups – can be predicted, allowing for molecular modeling and dynamics | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Coarse-grained modeling, coarse-grained models, aim at simulating the behaviour of complex systems using their coarse-grained (simplified) representation. Coarse-grained models are widely used for molecular modeling of biomolecules at various granularity levels.
A wide range of coarse-grained models have been proposed | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In computational chemistry and molecular dynamics, the combination rules or combining rules are equations that provide the interaction energy between two dissimilar non-bonded atoms, usually for the part of the potential representing the van der Waals interaction. In the simulation of mixtures, the choice of combining rules can sometimes affect the outcome of the simulation.
Combining rules for the Lennard-Jones potential
The Lennard-Jones Potential is a mathematically simple model for the interaction between a pair of atoms or molecules | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In chemistry, the CPK coloring (for Corey–Pauling–Koltun) is a popular color convention for distinguishing atoms of different chemical elements in molecular models.
History
August Wilhelm von Hofmann was apparently the first to introduce molecular models into organic chemistry, following August Kekule's introduction of the theory of chemical structure in 1858, and Alexander Crum Brown's introduction of printed structural formulas in 1861. At a Friday Evening Discourse at London's Royal Institution on April 7, 1865, he displayed molecular models of simple organic substances such as methane, ethane, and methyl chloride, which he had had constructed from differently colored table croquet balls connected together with thin brass tubes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In molecular modelling, docking is a method which predicts the preferred orientation of one molecule to another when bound together in a stable complex. In the case of protein docking, the search space consists of all possible orientations of the protein with respect to the ligand. Flexible docking in addition considers all possible conformations of the protein paired with all possible conformations of the ligand | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Folding@home (FAH or F@h) is a distributed computing project aimed to help scientists develop new therapeutics for a variety of diseases by the means of simulating protein dynamics. This includes the process of protein folding and the movements of proteins, and is reliant on simulations run on volunteers' personal computers. Folding@home is currently based at the University of Pennsylvania and led by Greg Bowman, a former student of Vijay Pande | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In the context of chemistry and molecular modelling, a force field is a computational method that is used to estimate the forces between atoms within molecules and also between molecules. More precisely, the force field refers to the functional form and parameter sets used to calculate the potential energy of a system of atoms or coarse-grained particles in molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics, or Monte Carlo simulations. The parameters for a chosen energy function may be derived from experiments in physics and chemistry, calculations in quantum mechanics, or both | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Gaussian network model (GNM) is a representation of a biological macromolecule as an elastic mass-and-spring network to study, understand, and characterize the mechanical aspects of its long-time large-scale dynamics. The model has a wide range of applications from small proteins such as enzymes composed of a single domain, to large macromolecular assemblies such as a ribosome or a viral capsid. Protein domain dynamics plays key roles in a multitude of molecular recognition and cell signalling processes | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Molecular graphics is the discipline and philosophy of studying molecules and their properties through graphical representation. IUPAC limits the definition to representations on a "graphical display device". Ever since Dalton's atoms and Kekulé's benzene, there has been a rich history of hand-drawn atoms and molecules, and these representations have had an important influence on modern molecular graphics | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
In the context of chemistry and molecular modelling, the Interface force field (IFF) is a force field for classical molecular simulations of atoms, molecules, and assemblies up to the large nanometer scale, covering compounds from across the periodic table. It employs a consistent classical Hamiltonian energy function for metals, oxides, and organic compounds, linking biomolecular and materials simulation platforms into a single platform. The reliability is often higher than that of density functional theory calculations at more than a million times lower computational cost | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Macromolecular docking is the computational modelling of the quaternary structure of complexes formed by two or more interacting biological macromolecules. Protein–protein complexes are the most commonly attempted targets of such modelling, followed by protein–nucleic acid complexes.
The ultimate goal of docking is the prediction of the three-dimensional structure of the macromolecular complex of interest as it would occur in a living organism | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A molecular model is a physical model of an atomistic system that represents molecules and their processes. They play an important role in understanding chemistry and generating and testing hypotheses. The creation of mathematical models of molecular properties and behavior is referred to as molecular modeling, and their graphical depiction is referred to as molecular graphics | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Biomedicine (also referred to as Western medicine, mainstream medicine or conventional medicine) is a branch of medical science that applies biological and physiological principles to clinical practice. Biomedicine stresses standardized, evidence-based treatment validated through biological research, with treatment administered via formally trained doctors, nurses, and other such licensed practitioners. Biomedicine also can relate to many other categories in health and biological related fields | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Carprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the carbazole and propionic acid class that was previously for use in humans and animals, but is now only available to veterinarians for prescribing as a supportive treatment for various conditions in only animals. Carprofen reduces inflammation by inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2; its specificity for COX-2 varies from species to species. Marketed under many brand names worldwide, carprofen provides day-to-day treatment for pain and inflammation from various kinds of joint pain, as well as post-operative pain | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Conservation medicine is an emerging, interdisciplinary field that studies the relationship between human and animal health and environmental conditions. Specifically, conservation medicine is the study of how the health of humans, animals, and the environment are interconnected and affected by conservation issues. It is also known as planetary health, environmental medicine, medical geology, or ecological medicine | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Landscape epidemiology draws some of its roots from the field of landscape ecology. Just as the discipline of landscape ecology is concerned with analyzing both pattern and process in ecosystems across time and space, landscape epidemiology can be used to analyze both risk patterns and environmental risk factors. This field emerges from the theory that most vectors, hosts and pathogens are commonly tied to the landscape as environmental determinants control their distribution and abundance | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
One Health is an approach calling for "the collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally, and globally, to attain optimal health for people, animals and our environment", as defined by the One Health Initiative Task Force (OHITF). It developed in response to evidence of the spreading of zoonotic diseases between species and increasing awareness of "the interdependence of human and animal health and ecological change". : 205 In this viewpoint, public health is no longer seen in purely human terms | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The World Organisation for Animal Health's Terrestrial Animal Health Code (TAHC) implements improvement standards of worldwide animal health and welfare and public health from a veterinary point of view. It includes standards international trade in terrestrial biological specimens (such as mammals and birds) and their merchandise. National veterinary authorities use it to provide for early detection of pathogens and to prevent the transfer of same by international trade in animals and animal merchandise, while skirting "unjustified sanitary barriers to trade" | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The VeNom Coding Group is a group of veterinary academics and practitioners from across Britain who have devised a standardized terminology for use in veterinary medicine. These codes are available to academic or research institutes, software manufacturers or veterinary practices after a request for a permission.
VeNom Codes membership
The VeNom Codes have been developed in the first opinion and referral hospitals at the RVC in collaboration with Glasgow Vet School and the PDSA and are now maintained by a multi-institution group of veterinary clinicians and IT specialists from the RVC, Glasgow Vet School and the PDSA called the VeNom Coding Group | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Veterinary anesthesia is anesthesia performed on non-human animals by a veterinarian or a Registered Veterinary Technician. Anesthesia is used for a wider range of circumstances in animals than in people, due to animals' inability to cooperate with certain diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Veterinary anesthesia includes anesthesia of the major species: dogs, cats, horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs, as well as all other animals requiring veterinary care such as birds, pocket pets, and wildlife | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Veterinary pathologists are veterinarians who specialize in the diagnosis of diseases through the examination of animal tissue and body fluids. Like medical pathology, veterinary pathology is divided into two branches, anatomical pathology and clinical pathology. Other than the diagnosis of disease in food-producing animals, companion animals, zoo animals and wildlife, veterinary pathologists also have an important role in drug discovery and safety as well as scientific research | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A veterinary pharmacist is a specially trained pharmacist who dispenses veterinary drugs and supplies or products and advice to owners of companion animals and livestock. In addition, they advise the regulatory bodies and are involved in the formulation of veterinary drugs. Veterinary pharmacy is a field of pharmacy practice, in which veterinary pharmacists may compound medications, fill prescriptions, and manage drug therapies for animals | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Veterinary public health (VPH) is a component of public health that focuses on the application of veterinary science to protect and improve the physical, mental and social well-being of humans. In several countries activities related to VPH are organized by the chief veterinary officer.
Conventionally veterinary public health as a topic covers the following areas:
Food production and safety
It is desirable to consider food production as a chain, with animals reared on the farm (pre-harvest) then going for primary processing (harvest), secondary processing and distribution followed by final preparation (all post-harvest) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
WikiVet is a wiki of veterinary content based on the MediaWiki platform. The website is a collaborative initiative between various veterinary schools, and its content covers the entire veterinary curriculum. WikiVet is part of the WikiVet Educational Foundation (UK registered charity number 1160546) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Withdrawal time, as relating to veterinary medicine, is defined as the time required after administration of a drug to a dairy cow needed to assure that drug residues in the marketable milk is below a determined maximum residue limit (MRL). This term is often used more broadly to describe the time needed after drug administration to any food animal where drug residue may be found in marketed meats, eggs, organs, or other edible products.
Notes
Further reading
Concordet, D and P | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A clockmaker is an artisan who makes and/or repairs clocks. Since almost all clocks are now factory-made, most modern clockmakers only repair clocks. Modern clockmakers may be employed by jewellers, antique shops, and places devoted strictly to repairing clocks and watches | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A clock or chronometer is a device used to measure and indicate time. The clock is one of the oldest human inventions, meeting the need to measure intervals of time shorter than the natural units such as the day, the lunar month, and the year. Devices operating on several physical processes have been used over the millennia | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An atomic clock is a clock that measures time by monitoring the resonant frequency of atoms. It is based on atoms having different energy levels. Electron states in an atom are associated with different energy levels, and in transitions between such states they interact with a very specific frequency of electromagnetic radiation | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Train Sim World (abbreviated to TSW) is a train simulation game series developed by Dovetail Games. It was released on 24 July 2018. For the first time, Train Sim World allows players to walk around the game world in a first-person mode | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Unavowed is an indie point-and-click adventure game developed and published by Wadjet Eye Games. It was released on August 8, 2018.
The game features 2D pixel art visuals and gameplay reminiscent of classic adventure games combined with an interaction system commonly featured in modern adventure games, especially those developed by BioWare | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Underworld Ascendant is a first-person action role-playing game developed by Otherside Entertainment and published by 505 Games. It is the sequel to Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss and Ultima Underworld II: Labyrinth of Worlds. Players assume the role of the Avatar, as they return to the Stygian Abyss | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Unravel Two is a 2018 puzzle-platform game developed by Coldwood Interactive and published by Electronic Arts. The game is centered around two 'Yarnys', small anthropomorphic creatures made of yarn. It is the sequel to the 2016 game Unravel, and was released for PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One in June 2018 and Nintendo Switch in March 2019 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Hifuu Nightmare Diary ~ Violet Detector (秘封ナイトメアダイアリー 〜 Violet Detector. , lit. "Secret Sealing Nightmare Diary") is the 16 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
World of Warcraft: Battle for Azeroth is the seventh expansion pack for the massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) World of Warcraft, following Legion. It was announced at BlizzCon on November 3, 2017. In contrast to previous expansions, which went live at midnight in each time zone, Battle for Azeroth had a simultaneous release for all regions, corresponding to midnight Central European Summer Time on August 14, 2018 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Yume Nikki: Dream Diary is a 2018 adventure horror game developed by Kadokawa Games and published by Playism. A reboot of Yume Nikki, the player controls a girl named Madotsuki and explores six worlds inside her dreams. Unlike its predecessor, it contains platforming and puzzle gameplay elements; the game is also rendered in 3D and is seen from a third-person perspective | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Grey Island Systems International (TSX-V: GIS) was a provider of 'real-time' Internet-based GPS/AVL and passenger information solutions targeted to government and enterprise fleets. Its InterFleet and NextBus brands were independently launched commercially in 1998. It was acquired by WebTech Wireless Inc | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Asgard's Wrath is a 2019 action role-playing game developed by Sanzaru Games and published by Oculus Studios for the Oculus Rift virtual reality headset. In the game, the player assumes control of a Norse god who must guide several mortal heroes to fulfill their destinies. The game received generally positive reviews upon release | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Astroneer, officially stylized in all caps, is a sandbox adventure game developed from independent developer System Era Softworks. The game was released through early access in December 2016 before a full release on December 16, 2019. The player is tasked with colonizing planets, creating structures, and collecting resources | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Bail or Jail (originally titled Obakeidoro!) is an asymmetrical multiplayer action game developed by Free Style and published by Konami Digital Entertainment. The game was originally released on the Nintendo Switch in 2019, and ported to Windows PC on July 21, 2022 under its new name.
Gameplay
Bail or Jail is an asymmetrical multiplayer action game | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Questprobe is a trilogy of graphical adventure video games featuring Marvel Comics characters. The three games are Questprobe featuring The Hulk, Questprobe featuring Spider-Man and Questprobe featuring Human Torch and Thing.
History
In 1983, Marvel Comics searched for a licensee for use of its characters in a home computer game, and approached Adventure International; its founder and CEO Scott Adams was interested in the venture as an avid reader of Marvel since his childhood, and the two parties agreed to a contract on December 1, 1983 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Collaborative fiction is a form of writing by a group of authors who share creative control of a story.
Collaborative fiction can occur for commercial gain, as part of education, or recreationally – many collaboratively written works have been the subject of a large degree of academic research.
Process
A collaborative author may focus on a specific protagonist or character in the narrative thread, and then pass the story to another writer for further additions or a change in focus to a different protagonist | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The 39 Clues is a series of adventure novels written by a collaboration of authors, including Rick Riordan, Gordon Korman, Peter Lerangis, Jude Watson, Patrick Carman, Linda Sue Park, Margaret Peterson Haddix, Roland Smith, David Baldacci, Jeff Hirsch, Natalie Standiford, C. Alexander London, Sarwat Chadda and Jenny Goebel. It consists of five series, The Clue Hunt, Cahills vs | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
An addventure, also known as a collaborative gamebook, is a type of online interactive fiction that combines aspects of round-robin stories and Choose Your Own Adventure-style tales. Like a round-robin story, an addventure is a form of collaborative fiction in which many authors contribute to a story, each writing discrete segments. However, like a gamebook, the resulting narrative is non-linear, allowing authors to branch out in different directions after each segment of the story | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Black Circle is the fifth book in The 39 Clues series and is written by Patrick Carman. This book was released on August 11, 2009. Amy and Dan Cahill, the protagonists of the series, try to follow a Lucian secret which was stolen by the Nazis during World War II | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
By The Sea, By The Sea, By The Beautiful Sea is a trilogy of three short plays by Terrence McNally, Lanford Wilson, and Joe Pintauro. The title is taken from the first line of the chorus of the 1914 song "By the Beautiful Sea".
Productions
The play was commissioned by the Bay Street Theater, Sag Harbor, New York, where it premiered in 1995 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A chain novel or chain story is a type of collaborative fiction written collectively by a group of authors. The novel is passed along from author to author, each adding a new chapter or section to the work, with the rule that each subsequent chapter or section should elaborate and follow the plotline of preceding chapters or sections.
The story continues through the participation of others; no one knows what happens next except the next person to add to the story | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Chopin Manuscript is a collaboration by 15 thriller writers created by Jeffery Deaver. It is a 17-part serial thriller narrated by Alfred Molina that was originally broadcast weekly on Audible. com from 25 September 2007 to 13 November 2007 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A comic jam is a creative process where one or more comics artists collaborates on drawing or painting one single comic. Often the process is that one artist creates the first page, and then another artist creates the second, and a third does the next, and so on. There is no script that the artists work from, and the content of the comics is improvised | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
DC Challenge was a 12-issue comic book limited series produced by DC Comics from November 1985 to October 1986, as a round robin experiment in narrative. The series' tagline was "Can You Solve It Before We Do?"
Publication history
The DC Challenge series was conceived during a rooftop party at the 1983 San Diego Comic-Con. The premise of the series was that each chapter would be written by a different author and illustrated by a different artist | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Fate of Fenella was an experiment in consecutive novel writing inspired by J. S. Wood and published in his magazine The Gentlewoman in twenty-four parts between 1891 and 1892 | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Infinity Ring is a series of young adult science fiction adventure novels written by multiple authors, including James Dashner, Lisa McMann, Matt de la Peña, Matthew J. Kirby, and Jennifer A. Nielsen, in a similar fashion to The 39 Clues | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Into the Gauntlet is the tenth book in The 39 Clues novel series. It was written by Margaret Peterson Haddix and released on August 31, 2010.
The message on the cards is, "Only together can we fight the true enemy | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Lexicon is a computer-assisted role-playing game invented by Neel Krishnaswami and popularised by the indie role-playing game community. As originally proposed, it is played online using wiki software. Players assume the role of scholars who write the history and background of a particular fictitious time, setting, or incident | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Maze of Bones is the first novel of The 39 Clues series, written by Rick Riordan and published September 9, 2008 by Scholastic. It stars Amy and Dan Cahill, two orphans who discover, upon their grandmother Grace's death, that they are part of the powerful Cahill family, whose members constantly fight each other for Clues, which are ingredients to a mysterious serum. The novel has received generally positive reviews | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
METAtropolis is a series of science fiction audiobook collections.
In 2008, Audible. com released the audiobook anthology METAtropolis, edited by John Scalzi and featuring short fiction in a shared world created by Scalzi, Elizabeth Bear, Tobias Buckell, Jay Lake, and Karl Schroeder | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A Million Penguins was an experimental collaborative fiction framed as a "wiki-novel". It was launched in 2007 by Penguin Books in collaboration with Kate Pullinger on behalf of the Institute of Creative Technologies at De Montfort University, inspired by the success of Wikipedia.
About the project
As the first collaborative web fiction to be sponsored by a large mainstream publisher, the project received a lot of attention | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A mosaic novel is a novel in which individual chapters or short stories share a common setting or set of characters with the aim of telling a linear story from beginning to end, with the individual chapters, however, refracting a plurality of viewpoints and styles.
Examples include the Wild Cards series begun by George R. R | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Narrative Corpse is a chain story, or comic jam, by 69 all-star cartoonists based on Le Cadavre Exquis (see Exquisite corpse), a popular game played by André Breton and his surrealist friends to break free from the constraints of rational thought.
Edited by Art Spiegelman and Robert Sikoryak, The Narrative Corpse features contributions from some of the most notable cartoonists of its time from the worlds of underground comix, alternative comics, and European comics (as well as Will Eisner and Mort Walker).
The Narrative Corpse graphic novel, co-published by Gates of Heck and Raw Books, had a limited run in 1995 of 9,500 copies | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Orion's Arm (also called the Orion's Arm Universe Project, OAUP, or simply OA and formerly known as the Orion's Arm Worldbuilding Group) is a multi-authored online science fiction world-building project, first established in 2000 by M. Alan Kazlev, Donna Malcolm Hirsekorn, Bernd Helfert and Anders Sandberg and further co-authored by many people since. Anyone can contribute articles, stories, artwork, or music to the website | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Universalis is a role-playing game (RPG) from Ramshead Publishing that stresses interactive storytelling. The game uses a unique system, based on "coins" that are used to make additions to the game, which allows the entire group to participate in the creation of the setting and events in play without a traditional gamemaster. The rules also provide a means of negotiating their own alteration, allowing for unlimited customization for play | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Viper's Nest is the seventh book in The 39 Clues series. It was written by Peter Lerangis and was released by Scholastic on February 2, 2010. The 39 Clues series is intended for children aged 8–12, and takes the form of a multimedia adventure story spanning 10 books | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
War World is a series of collaborative science fiction books set in the CoDominium universe of Jerry Pournelle, some novels being co-authored by John F. Carr and Don Hawthorne, as well as Larry Niven and S. M | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media (Hypertext) is one of the oldest international conference series on the crossroads of Human-Computer Interaction and Information Science. The full list of conferences in the series can be found on the Association for Computing Machinery Hypertext Web page, and papers are available through the ACM Digital Library.
History
The modern ACM Hypertext conference has its roots in the US-based Hypertext (HT) conference (1987, 1989) and European Conference on Hypertext (ECHT) (1990), coming together in 1991 under the organisation of Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group SIGLINK (renamed ACM SIGWEB in 1998) with the name ACM Hypertext and Hypermedia | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Cybertext as defined by Espen Aarseth in 1997 is a type of ergodic literature where the user traverses the text by doing non-trivial work.
Definition
Cybertexts are pieces of literature where the medium matters. Each user obtains a different outcome based on the choices they make | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Electronic Literature Organization (ELO) is a nonprofit organization "established in 1999 to promote and facilitate the writing, publishing, and reading of electronic literature". It hosts annual conferences, awards annual prizes for works of and criticism of electronic literature, hosts online events and has published a series of collections of electronic literature.
History
Founding and early years (1999-2002)
The ELO was founded in 1999 in Chicago by Scott Rettberg, Robert Coover, and Jeff Ballowe | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Electronic Poet, also known as E. P. (Electronic Poet), is an outdoor 1984 sculpture by Keith Jellum, located above the sidewalk on Southwest Morrison Street, between 9th and 10th Avenues in downtown Portland, Oregon | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The EServer was an open access electronic publishing cooperative, founded in 1990, which published writings in the arts and humanities free of charge to Internet readers. In 2006, it was rated by Alexa as the most popular arts and humanities website in the world. Martha L | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Hyperdata are data objects linked to other data objects in other places, as hypertext indicates text linked to other text in other places. Hyperdata enables formation of a web of data, evolving from the "data on the Web" that is not inter-related (or at least, not linked). In the same way that hypertext usually refers to the World Wide Web but is a broader term, hyperdata usually refers to the Semantic Web, but may also be applied more broadly to other data-linking technologies such as microformats – including XHTML Friends Network | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Storyspace is a software program for creating, editing, and reading hypertext fiction. It can also be used for writing and organizing fiction and non-fiction intended for print. Maintained and distributed by Eastgate Systems, the software is available both for Windows and Mac | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Twitterature (a portmanteau of Twitter and literature) is a literary use of the microblogging service of Twitter. It includes various genres, including aphorisms, poetry, and fiction (or some combination thereof) written by individuals or collaboratively. The 280-character maximum imposed by the medium, upgraded from 140 characters in late 2017, provides a creative challenge | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
A gamebook is a work of printed fiction that allows the reader to participate in the story by making choices. The narrative branches along various paths, typically through the use of numbered paragraphs or pages. Each narrative typically does not follow paragraphs in a linear or ordered fashion | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
ACE Gamebooks is a series of gamebooks created by Jonathan Green and published by Snowbooks since 2015. A feature of the titles in the series is that they take classic works of literature and give them a dark twist, often combining steampunk elements. Some of the titles take inspiration from more than one work of classic literature, such as NEVERLAND - Here Be Monsters!, which uses elements of both J | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Be An Interplanetary Spy is a series of twelve interactive children's science fiction books designed by Byron Preiss Visual Publications and first published by Bantam Books from 1983 to 1985.
Presentation
Aimed at younger readers, these books were published in paperback form only, with brightly coloured covers and were heavily illustrated in black and white throughout. Unlike other series of interactive novels such as Choose Your Own Adventure stories or Fighting Fantasy gamebooks, each Interplanetary Spy book is made up largely of illustrations in a style that mixes comic book-like line drawings with blocky, straight edge illustrations matching the graphical quality of video games from the time of publication | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Cretan Chronicles is a trilogy of single-player role-playing fantasy gamebooks written by John Butterfield, David Honigmann and Philip Parker, and illustrated by Dan Woods. The Cretan Chronicles were published by Puffin between 1985 and 1986 under the Adventure Gamebooks banner, which also covered the more popular Fighting Fantasy and the related Sorcery! series, as well as the one-off Shakespearean-era role-playing game Maelstrom.
The books
The trilogy consists of:
Bloodfeud of Altheus
At the Court of King Minos
Return of the Wanderer | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Dark Ages: Werewolf is a supplementary role-playing book published by White Wolf, Inc.
History
White Wolf resumed publishing historical role-playing games in 2002, and relaunched Dark Ages: Vampire (2002) as a core rulebook; supplements were added for the other magical groups of the World of Darkness, and each of these was dependent upon Dark Ages: Vampire to play, including Dark Ages: Werewolf (2003).
Description
The Dark Ages: Werewolf supplement allows gamers to run scenarios for the Werewolf system in Medieval Europe (circa 1230 AD) | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Date with Destiny Adventure series comprises two short novels of interactive fiction published by Quirk Books in 2003 that parodied the Choose Your Own Adventure series. Both books featured covers and interior designs similar to those of the old Choose Your Own Adventure books, but have adult themes. The first book, Night of a Thousand Boyfriends, is similar to the television show Sex and the City, and the second book, Escape from Fire Island, is set on Fire Island, part of which is a famous gay resort | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Dragonriders of Pern is a 1984 picture book game published by Nova.
Gameplay
Dragonriders of Pern is a picture-book game with a similar design to Ace of Aces, in this case involving 115 numbered full-page illustrations portraying wingmates trying to burn Thread as in the Dragonriders of Pern novels.
Reception
Lester W | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Dragontales was a series of gamebooks written by Rhondi A. Vilott Salsitz as "Rhondi Vilott" and published by Signet in the 1980s. The books place the reader in the role of a young man or woman in various fantasy countries inhabited by a variety of extravagant creatures | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Fabled Lands is a series of fantasy gamebooks written by established gamebook authors Dave Morris and Jamie Thomson and published by Pan Books, a division of Macmillan in the mid 1990s. Cover art was by Kevin Jenkins with Russ Nicholson and Arun Pottier providing maps and illustrations.
Originally planned as a twelve-book series, only six were released between 1995 and 1996 before the series was cancelled | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Fantasy Interactive Scenarios by Telephone (F. I. S | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Give Yourself Goosebumps is a children's horror fiction gamebook series by R. L. Stine | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
GrailQuest is a series of gamebooks by J. H. Brennan | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Legends of Skyfall was a series of four adventure gamebooks written by David Tant and published by Armada in 1985.
The books allow the reader to become a lone adventurer on a planet called Skyfall which was colonized by humans who were fugitives from a dying planet. Although the population of humans on the planet has grown over an undisclosed period of time (hinted at being a few hundred years) to the point where they now outnumber indigenous races, the planet remains largely untamed | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Nintendo gamebooks are novels based on video games created by Nintendo. The gamebooks feature characters and settings from the Super Mario and The Legend of Zelda franchises, in two series, Nintendo Adventure Books and You Decide on the Adventure.
Nintendo Adventure Books
The Nintendo Adventure Books series of 12 books was created by Russell Ginns, author of the Samantha Spinner series | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Pretty Little Mistakes is a book written by Heather McElhatton and published on May 1, 2007 by HarperCollins. The novel is written in Second-person narrative and allows the reader to direct where the story will go, similar to the Choose Your Own Adventure book series. The book has more than 150 possible endings | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Alien Planet is a 2005 docufiction TV special created for the Discovery Channel. Based on the 1990 book Expedition by the artist and writer Wayne Barlowe, Alien Planet explores the imagined extraterrestrial life of the fictional planet Darwin IV in the style of a nature documentary. Although closely following Barlowe's depiction of Darwin IV, Alien Planet features a team of scientists and science fiction figures discussing Darwin IV as if it had actually been discovered | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
All Yesterdays: Unique and Speculative Views of Dinosaurs and Other Prehistoric Animals is a 2012 art book on the palaeoartistic reconstruction of dinosaurs and other extinct animals by John Conway, C. M. Kosemen and Darren Naish | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Astrobiology is a scientific field within the life and environmental sciences that studies the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe by investigating its deterministic conditions and contingent events. As a discipline, astrobiology is founded on the premise that life may exist beyond Earth. Research in astrobiology comprises three main areas: the study of habitable environments in the Solar System and beyond, the search for planetary biosignatures of past or present extraterrestrial life, and the study of the origin and early evolution of life on Earth | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The dinosauroid is a hypothetical species created by Dale A. Russell in 1982. Russell theorized that if a dinosaur such as Stenonychosaurus had not perished in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, its descendants might have evolved to fill the same ecological niche as humans | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Flanimals is a book series written by comedian Ricky Gervais and illustrated by Rob Steen. It depicts an assortment of seemingly useless or inadequate fictional animals and their behaviour.
The cover Flanimal is the Grundit | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Flight of Dragons is a 1979 speculative evolution book written by Peter Dickinson and illustrated by Wayne Anderson.
Thesis
According to Dickinson's hypothesis, the chief obstacle to admitting the past existence of dragons is the difficulty of powered flight by such a large organism. To resolve this, he introduces a dirigible-like structure in which hydrochloric acid would dissolve large amounts of rapidly growing bone, releasing massive amounts of hydrogen that, once aloft, would support the body above the ground | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Future Evolution is a book written by paleontologist Peter Ward and illustrated by Alexis Rockman. He addresses his own opinion of future evolution and compares it with Dougal Dixon's After Man: A Zoology of the Future and H. G | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
The Future Is Wild (also referred to by the acronym FIW) is a 2002 speculative evolution docufiction miniseries and an accompanying multimedia entertainment franchise. The Future Is Wild explores the ecosystems and wildlife of three future time periods: 5, 100, and 200 million years in the future, in the format of a nature documentary. Though the settings and animals are fictional, the series has an educational purpose, serving as an informative and entertaining way to explore concepts such as evolution and climate change | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
Man After Man: An Anthropology of the Future is a 1990 speculative evolution and science fiction book written by Scottish geologist and palaeontologist Dougal Dixon and illustrated by Philip Hood. The book also features a foreword by Brian Aldiss. Man After Man explores a hypothetical future path of human evolution set from 200 years in the future to 5 million years in the future, with several future human species evolving through genetic engineering and natural means through the course of the book | https://huggingface.co/datasets/fmars/wiki_stem |
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