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2021-01-01 | In the present work, an attempt is made to study the effect of n-butanol as primary fuel along with diesel and thevetia peruviana methyl ester (TPME) as secondary fuels under reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) mode of combustion. Experiments have been conducted on single cylinder compression ignition (C... | Experimental Studies on RCCI Engine Powered with n-Butanol and Thevetia Peruviana Methyl Ester | 10.1007/978-3-030-69925-3_10 |
2021-01-01 | The corrosion resistance of tubing pipes of four strength groups is evaluated: E, Λ, K and D by measuring the saturation current density of steel anodic dissolution. It is shown that tubing of increased strength (groups E and Λ) has lower corrosion resistance compared with pipes of strength groups D and K. The low corr... | Evaluation of the Corrosion Resistance of Tubing of Various Strength Groups | 10.1007/s11015-021-01082-4 |
2021-01-01 | Abstract Based on positron annihilation and low-temperature gas (CO 2 ) sorption data, we discuss the nature of size distribution of micropores in a number of polynorbornenes with various substituent groups in the side chain. The local stiffness of highly permeable glassy polymers suggests that they are microheterogene... | Microporosity of Polynorbornenes by Positron Annihilation and Sorption Data | 10.1134/S0018143921010112 |
2021-01-01 | This paper presents the results of an empirical study on the production formula establishment of multi-component pellets (MCP) from the PP plastic powders of food nylon wastes (PPPPW) and sawdust of wood processing plants in Vietnam. The MCP production efficiency and the calculated low heat value (LHV) of the finished-... | Study on the Production Formula Establishment of Multi-component Pellets from Sawdust and Food Plastic Waste | 10.1007/978-3-030-69610-8_95 |
2021-01-01 | Sahoo, Rudra Swarup Samantasinghar, Umakanta Acharya, Adyasa Priyadarsini Biswal, Priyabrata Environmental pollution is a major issue for public health and safety. Air contamination is one of the inherent causes of environmental issues. The reported monitoring and tracking systems have low precision, low sensitivity, a... | Implementation of Low-Cost and Low-Power-Based Temperature and Air Quality Monitoring System for a Local Area in Odisha | 10.1007/978-981-33-4866-0_2 |
2021-01-01 | The low-silica and low basicity Basicity sintering is an effective measure for improving iron grade of sinter and reducing the slag Slag amount of ironmaking and steelmaking Steelmaking . Sintering of the mixture at basicity Basicity (1.9, 1.8, and 1.7) and SiO 2 content (5.0, 4.9, 4.8, 4.7, and 4.6) were conducted in ... | A Case Study of Sintering with Low Silica Iron Ore | 10.1007/978-3-030-65241-8_14 |
2021-01-01 | Mid to long-term monitoring of earth flow displacements is essential for the understanding of their kinematic features, process dynamic and evolution, and designing of mitigation measures. This paper summarizes methods, results, and interpretations of monitoring activities carried out between 2006 and 2020 at three ear... | Defining Kinematic and Evolutive Features of Earth Flows Using Integrated Monitoring and Low-Cost Sensors | 10.1007/978-3-030-60311-3_2 |
2021-01-01 | In the Volga-Vyatka region of the Russian Federation, gray forest and sod-podzolic soils, characterized by low-humus content, acidic reactions by the environment and low agrophysical, agrochemical, and biological indicators of fertility, have become very common. Their share is also high in the Chuvash Republic, where s... | The Use of No-Till and Mini-Till on Soils of the Volga-Vyatka Region | 10.1007/978-3-030-67448-9_28 |
2021-01-01 | The application of robots in the field of lower extremity rehabilitation is becoming more and more extensive. Research on the real-time feedback of force and torque of lower extremity rehabilitation robots is very important to reduce the error during feedback. At present, multidimensional force sensors are mostly used ... | Robotic Manpower Feedback Study on Lower Limb Rehabilitation | 10.1007/978-981-16-7213-2_1 |
2021-01-01 | The structural properties of cast aluminum parts are strongly affected by the solidification in the production process. The solidification dynamics determines the Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing (SDAS), directly affecting the structural strength of the alloy. Simulation techniques enable the integrated design of chassis... | Simulation and Experimental Validation of Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing for AlSi7Mg0.3 Chassis Parts in Low Pressure Die Casting | 10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_6 |
2021-01-01 | From the last century, the demand for energy is increasing at a significant rate. So, there is a requirement of new energy sources that will meet the current energy demand. The best solution for this problem is developing such a technology that will convert the low-grade heat, i.e., industrial waste heat to high-grade ... | Selection of Optimum Working Fluids for Low-Power Output Organic Rankine Cycle | 10.1007/978-981-15-8025-3_9 |
2021-01-01 | This chapter revisits the recent background of organogels and hydrogels from the viewpoint of structures and properties depending on the solvent. Typical gels have a fibrous network composed of gelators, which supports the solvent molecules, either water or an organic solvent. As a result of such a structure, gels have... | Organogels and Hydrogels: Functions and Structure Governed by Interactions Between Gelators and Solvents | 10.1007/978-981-16-5395-7_15 |
2021-01-01 | An equiatomic quinary MgAlMnFeCu high-entropy alloy (HEA) has been synthesized successfully by mechanical alloying (MA). Phase evolution of MgAlMnFeCu HEA has been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS/XEDS). Milling up to 60 h leads to the... | Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline MgAlMnFeCu Low-Density High-Entropy Alloy | 10.1007/s12666-020-02114-4 |
2021-01-01 | Electrochemical studies and microstructure analysis of directionally solidified hypoeutectic and eutectic aluminum-copper alloys were performed. Optical and scanning electron microscopy studies of corroded specimens with columnar and equiaxed microstructures in 0.1 M, 0.5 M, and 1 M NaCl solutions were conducted. Low-r... | Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum-Copper Alloys with Different Grain Structures | 10.1007/s11665-020-05344-1 |
2021-01-01 | Abstract A numerical thermodynamic model is proposed for one of the most important geological fluid systems, the ternary H 2 O–CO 2 –NaCl system, at P-T conditions of the middle and lower crust and crust-mantle boundary (up to P = 20 kbar and up to T = 1400°C). The form of the model is analoguous to the model developed... | Thermodynamic Model of the Fluid System H2O–CO2–NaCl at P-T Parameters of the Middle and Lower Crust | 10.1134/S086959112006003X |
2021-01-01 | Bangladesh has the limited experiences to reduce the greenhouse gases being spewed out by more developed countries, nor can they hope to reverse what has been done. The country has instead become a hotbed for adaptation strategies and experimentation, where some innovative models are being developed and explored. Aid a... | Climate Change Impacts and Mitigation Strategies to Develop the Low Carbon Themes in Bangladesh | 10.1007/978-3-030-71950-0_11 |
2021-01-01 | An ultra-low IFT (interfacial tension) is required between the liquid–liquid systems to dislodge the crude oil completely from the pores of the formation. As a huge amount of alkali is used for this purpose, scale formation and formation damage near wellbore region is a common issue. To perform an economically and envi... | Effect of Sodium Hydroxide on the Interfacial Tension of Hydrocarbon—Water System | 10.1007/978-981-15-8506-7_35 |
2021-01-01 | Abstract The paper presents the results of applying the membrane gas separation technique to the recovery of CO 2 and its subsequent utilization by converting into ammonium carbamate. One-sided surface modification of homogeneous polyvinyltrimethylsilane (PVTMS) films by treating in low-temperature air plasma for 30 an... | Enhancement of Gas Separation Properties of Polyvinyltrimethylsilane by Low-Temperature Plasma Treatment for Carbon Dioxide Utilization in “Green Chemistry” Processes | 10.1134/S251775162101008X |
2021-01-01 | Sulige gas field has entered a stable production stage, which is a typical representative of low permeability sandstone gas reservoir of strong heterogeneous in China. Due to more and more development wells are being developed, it is necessary to re-evaluate the reservoir resource. With the development degree increase,... | New Method for Evaluating the Used Geological Reserves of Low Permeability Sandstone Gas Reservoir | 10.1007/978-981-16-0761-5_31 |
2021-01-01 | Shah, Miral Chaudhury, Bhaskar Bandyopadhyay, Mainak Chakraborty, Arun Accurate investigation of the physics of magnetized Low-Temperature Plasmas (LTP) involving drifts and instabilities is a challenging task. Electrons in such plasmas are magnetized, whereas ions are not completely magnetized. Presence of different c... | 1D-3v PIC-MCC Based Modeling and Simulation of Magnetized Low-Temperature Plasmas | 10.1007/978-981-15-8061-1_32 |
2021-01-01 | The battery of individual equipment has always been the component that occupies the largest volume. Therefore, the flexible thin-film solar cell is an ideal energy source for individual equipment. This paper tested volt-ampere characteristics of three kinds of solar cells, that are, respectively, made of Si, copper ind... | Weak Light Characteristic Acquisition and Analysis of Thin-Film Solar Cells | 10.1007/978-981-15-8411-4_192 |
2021-01-01 | Understanding the post-impact properties are essential while designing a new material system. Serviceability and sustainability are matters to protect the assembly from accidents since transportation and assembly operations experience many micro-damages in the material system. Researchers carried out several experiment... | Post Impact Behavior and Compression After Impact Properties of Polymers and Their Composites—A Review | 10.1007/978-981-16-1323-4_4 |
2021-01-01 | The present investigation, influence of different heat treatment processes which will yield better tensile strength and microstructures of 8-mm-thick plates metal inert gas welded IS2062-EN9 joint. Mechanical properties of the joint increased with annealing heat treatment processes, higher grain size was measured at we... | Experimental Investigation of Heat Treatment Processes on Dissimilar IS2602-EN9 MIG Welded Joint | 10.1007/978-981-15-4488-0_39 |
2021-01-01 | Since the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) with version 4.0 of the Bluetooth Core Specification was introduced by Bluetooth Special Interest Group in 2010, the BLE technology has been developing in a wide variety of applications such as the Internet of Things, sports and fitness equipment, home automation, health care, and m... | An Implementation of Ionic-Based Hybrid Mobile Application for Controlling Bluetooth Low-Energy-Based Humidifier Device | 10.1007/978-981-33-6420-2_7 |
2021-01-01 | The high cost and poor durability are the pressing issues that need to be addressed before pushing the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to the market. The primary effort is made on the electrocatalysis by lowering the loading of Pt-group which are scarce and expensive but remain as the most efficient ma... | The Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Reduction on Platinum and Its Alloys | 10.1007/978-3-662-56070-9_2 |
2021-01-01 | Objective The use and commercial value of hyaluronic acid (HA) as an important element in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, and cosmetics industry is because of its purity. Four recombinant strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum containing different genes were used to produce HA. Results The production parameters were mea... | Preparation, purification, and characterization of low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid | 10.1007/s10529-020-03035-4 |
2021-01-01 | Rapid urbanization and a consumption centric economy have created an enormous pressure on the environment. Air, water and soil pollution are a global problem. The affects of pollution are more apparent in developing countries such as China and India, because of various economic and demographic factors. In major cities,... | Air Quality Measurement Using Low-Cost Sensors—A Review | 10.1007/978-981-15-9712-1_43 |
2021-01-01 | In this paper, we investigate the effect of outbreaks of Arctic air on changes in sea surface temperature in the areas of the North subpolar hydrological front as well as variations in mean daily values of the North Atlantic Oscillation index. We introduce a new technique for detection of Arctic air outbreaks applicabl... | North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic Air Outbreaks | 10.1007/978-3-030-53521-6_21 |
2021-01-01 | In the article taking into consideration working broadband mills from the economical cybernetics point of view an analytical method of forecasting and increasing efficiency was proposed using the evaluation and the extension of life expectancy of low-reliable parts and joints of the main equipment of principal lines. T... | Forecasting and Analyzing the Efficiency of the Working Broadband Mill Equipment | 10.1007/978-3-030-54814-8_30 |
2021-01-01 | Authors in recent publications shared their personal “gripe” for the modeling capabilities not reasonably calibrated before the start of their application in gas turbine combustion technology programs conducted since 1973. Concurrently, the supporting fundamental research results did not provide the insight needed for ... | Fundamental Combustion Research Challenged to Meet Designers’ Expectations | 10.1007/978-981-15-5667-8_11 |
2021-01-01 | Nowadays, biomedical, aerospace, electronics, and military industries have high demand for miniaturized components due to their rapid technology development on high precision devices. Micro milling process is one of the processes that is expected to be able to produce micro-size 3-dimensional features onto workpiece. T... | Tool Wear Observation During Unconventional Low Speed Machining Using Low Cost Micromilling | 10.1007/978-981-15-9505-9_53 |
2021-01-01 | “Algarrobos” are a set of multipurpose tree species of the Prosopis genus, which consequently can have several breeding aims, including timber production, non-timber forest products and environmental services such as recovery of saline soils. The low-intensity breeding strategy for this group is presented here, detaili... | Genetic Breeding of Prosopis Species from the “Great American Chaco” | 10.1007/978-3-030-56462-9_10 |
2021-01-01 | In this chapter, we will describe the detection of gravitational waves with space-based interferometric gravitational wave observatories. We will provide an overview of the key technologies underlying their operation, illustrated using the specific example of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). We will then ... | Space-Based Gravitational Wave Observatories | 10.1007/978-981-15-4702-7_3-1 |
2021-01-01 | In the recent decade, the use of plasma technology for dry reforming of methane has gained significant interest. Owing to the adverse effects caused by the greenhouse gases like CO 2 and CH 4 on climate change, the valorization of these pollutants is imperative, and is also a challenging task. The current study focuses... | Double Dielectric Barrier Discharge-Assisted Conversion of Biogas to Synthesis Gas | 10.1007/978-981-15-5955-6_12 |
2021-01-01 | Microbial surfactants have achieved a significant space in diverse applications in environmental clean-ups, sequestering contaminants such as hydrocarbons, and soil contaminated with heavy metals, as stable food additives, and pharmaceutical formulations because of their biodegradability, stability to the extreme envir... | Commercial Production, Optimization, and Purification | 10.1007/978-981-16-2705-7_3 |
2021-01-01 | The present study signifies the impact of study of power radiation, chemical reaction, thermophoretic, and MHD flow for a dense viscous fluid having viscosity and thermal conductivity dependent on temperature. The study is performed in the presence of radiation for lower stagnation point considering an isothermal cylin... | The Impact of Energy, Chemical Reaction, Power Radiation, and MHD-Free Convection in the Presence of Thermophoresis | 10.1007/978-981-33-4080-0_33 |
2021-01-01 | Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted to cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) using hydroquinone resulting in a crosslinkable nanoparticle. 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was used to polymerize this nanoparticle to obtain a polymeric structure with a bridging CNC structure to which cyclodextrin (CD) was attached in orde... | Cholesterol removal via cyclodextrin-decoration on cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-grafted poly(HEMA-GMA) nanocomposite adsorbent | 10.1007/s10570-020-03534-7 |
2021-01-01 | Porous bituminous pavement is an alternative road surfacing technology that allows water to permeate through pavement surface. The gradation of the pavement structure is kept such that it allows enough void between the aggregates particles for water to go through it freely. Porous bituminous pavement also decreases the... | A Study on Porous Bituminous Pavement as an Alternative Method for Ground Water Management | 10.1007/978-981-33-6412-7_6 |
2021-01-01 | Throttling and depressurization can realize surface low pressure gathering and transportation and save well construction cost. Downhole choke of the slip type is a matching tool for downhole throttling technology of gas well. During the simulation test, it is found that after the slip is anchored and sealed, the side o... | Simulation Analysis and Structural Optimization of Anchoring Performance of Slip Type Downhole Choke | 10.1007/978-981-16-0761-5_142 |
2021-01-01 | The use of composites from the past few decades has been outstanding. Composites are becoming very popular due to their high specific strength. The main aim of this research is to analyze the behavior of the composite structure under low-velocity impact. In this paper, curved composite panels were studied under single ... | Low Velocity of Single and Multiple Impacts on Curved and Hybrid Curved Composite Panel for Aircraft Applications | 10.1007/978-981-15-5947-1_17 |
2021-01-01 | Affordable and sustainable housing is among the critical challenges in most countries worldwide, and specially in developing countries where big proportion of the population live under the poverty line. In the arid territories of Kenya, more than half of the population in urban areas live in informal settlements (UN-Ha... | Sustainable and Affordable Building Technologies in Northern Kenya | 10.1007/978-3-030-75315-3_48 |
2021-01-01 | The article studies the influence of the surface layer properties on the tribotechnical characteristics of plain machine tool slideways. The aim of the study is to enhance the efficiency of cinematic friction pairs, which operate under the conditions of slow movements. The influence of the modified geometrical, physica... | A Study of the Influence of Surface Layer Properties on the Tribotechnical Characteristics of Plain Machine Tool Slideways | 10.1007/978-3-030-54814-8_143 |
2021-01-01 | This paper describes design and implementation of low power Bandgap Reference (BGR) using chopper stabilized amplifier. The design focuses on reduction of power, output variation due to device mismatch and noise. First order compensated BGR with chopper amplifier is designed in CMOS-65 nm technology. Simulated across 1... | Low Power Bandgap Reference Using Chopper Amplifier | 10.1007/978-981-16-0275-7_9 |
2021-01-01 | Automation is the key for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to gain profit and win market. Investment required for automation projects are normally high and would cost extra whenever upgrade is needed. Sometimes, present automation system cannot adapt to the change and must be replaced. These matters cause SMEs to co... | Case Study: Prototyping a Low-Cost Integrated Automation System in Footwear Industry for Small and Medium Enterprises in Vietnam | 10.1007/978-3-030-69610-8_11 |
2021-01-01 | The estimation of the Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical (THM) properties of heterogeneous rocks is influenced by the scale of the heterogeneity in relation to the dimensions of the test specimen, which will enable the testing of a suitable representative volume element. This places constraints on the testing techniques and the p... | Multiphasic Approaches for Estimating THM Properties of Heterogeneous Rocks | 10.1007/978-3-030-64514-4_12 |
2021-01-01 | This paper presents a review of existing biomechanical models Biomechanical model and technologies relevant to the study of soft tissues Soft tissue of below-knee amputees. Special attention is paid to related studies on biomechanical measurements of soft tissues Soft tissue , including the approaches for measuring for... | Characterising the Soft Tissue Mechanical Properties of the Lower Limb of a Below-Knee Amputee: A Review | 10.1007/978-3-030-70123-9_8 |
2021-01-01 | Previous studies have suggested that maternal exposure to air pollution might affect term birth weight. However, the conclusions are controversial. Birth data of all term newborns born in Xi’an city of Shaanxi, China, from 2015 to 2018 and whose mother lived in Xi’an during pregnancy were selected form the Birth Regist... | Impact of air pollution exposure during various periods of pregnancy on term birth weight: a large-sample, retrospective population-based cohort study | 10.1007/s11356-020-10705-3 |
2021-01-01 | Cleavage under targets and release using nuclease (CUT&RUN) allows the chromatin profiling of proteins of interest for which specific antibodies are available. Because it is performed on intact chromatin in situ, CUT&RUN provides exceptional signal over background, making it an ideal choice for chromatin profiling on p... | Chromatin Profiling in Mouse Embryonic Germ Cells by CUT&RUN | 10.1007/978-1-0716-0958-3_17 |
2021-01-01 | The increasing demand for a low-cost and renewable carbon fibre precursor has driven the focus on bio-based precursors. Cellulose-lignin composite fibres are a new approach toward this direction. The combination of cellulose and lignin into a composite fibre could solve some of the current limitations for pure cellulos... | Effect of boric acid on the stabilisation of cellulose-lignin filaments as precursors for carbon fibres | 10.1007/s10570-020-03584-x |
2021-01-01 | Orthopaedic and dental implant treatments have allowed to enhance the quality of life of millions of patients. Total hip/knee arthroplasty is a surgical replacement of the hip/knee joint with an artificial prosthesis. The aim of joint replacement surgery is to relieve pain improve function, often for sufferers of osteo... | Biomechanical and Tribological Aspects of Orthopaedic Implants | 10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_2 |
2021-01-01 | The CO 2 flooding technology has achieved successful applications and results in marine sedimentary low porosity and permeability reservoirs in the USA. It not only complements producing energy quickly and brings high oil displacement but also avoids the poor water injectivity. For continental sedimentary extra-low per... | The Experimental Research on CO2-rock-fluid Interactions in Extra-Low Permeability Reservoirs of Ordos Basin | 10.1007/978-981-16-0761-5_173 |
2021-01-01 | Nanoemulsions are a class of two-phase liquid systems with an internal phase droplet size of less than 200 nm. Although two-phase emulsion systems have been known for decades, the concept of nanoemulsions is fairly recent. Nanoemulsion stability is far more reliable than traditional two-phase “macro”-emulsion systems, ... | Nanoemulsions: An Emerging Technology in Drug Delivery | 10.1007/978-3-030-50703-9_17 |
2021-01-01 | This research focuses on leaching low nickel matte Low nickel matte through sulfuric acid Sulfuric Acid under atmospheric pressure, in which the Ni/Fe/Co enter into solution, noble elements and Cu 2 S remain in the residue and the sulfur in Ni/Fe/Co sulfide is converted to H 2 S. The subsequent process can be divided i... | Sulfuric Acid Leaching for Low Nickel Matte Under Atmospheric Pressure | 10.1007/978-3-030-65647-8_18 |
2021-01-01 | An artifact appearing during the cathodic transient of cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of low-loaded platinum on carbon (Pt/C) electrodes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) was examined. The artifact appears as an oxidation peak overlapping the reduction peak associated to the reduction of platinum oxide (PtOx)... | Hydrogen Oxidation Artifact During Platinum Oxide Reduction in Cyclic Voltammetry Analysis of Low-Loaded PEMFC Electrodes | 10.1007/s12678-020-00627-6 |
2021-01-01 | Enhancing hydrocarbon recovery is an ongoing practice in the petroleum industry. Multiple approaches are developed and proved their effectiveness in increasing reservoirs recovery. One of the recent approaches is the Low Salinity Water Injection which is known in the industry by “LoSal”. The determination of the optimu... | A novel approach to solve the water saturation challenges in reservoirs under LoSal water injection | 10.1007/s13202-020-01034-9 |
2021-01-01 | The introduction of new risk categories to an organization represents a major transition in organizational priorities and management practices. The challenges of climate risk to business will most likely be varied, vast, and complex. A tentative fivefold proposition of how climate risk exposures will challenge business... | Climate Risk and Organizational Challenges | 10.1007/978-3-030-78244-3_1 |
2021-01-01 | Lignocellulosic biomass as an abundant source of renewable carbon has received abundant interest for the production of bio-based chemicals. Challenges and opportunities for the application of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as renewable, low-cost and low/non-toxic media for the valorization of biomass are discussed in th... | Challenges and Opportunities | 10.1007/978-981-16-4013-1_8 |
2021-01-01 | In present study, the notch geometry, constraint conditions, loading conditions and peak equivalent strains have been accounted to review classical hypotheses for estimation of localized stress/strain values. Two dimensional and three dimensional FE analyses have been performed on planner and tube geometry for validati... | Review of Various Hypotheses Used to Correct Notch Elastic Stress/Strain for Local Plasticity | 10.1007/978-981-15-4779-9_10 |
2021-01-01 | Elucidating the molecular organization at synapses is essential for understanding brain function and plasticity. Immunohistochemistry is widely used as a sensitive and specific method in morphological studies. There are specific antibodies directed against receptors, ion channels, and their interacting molecules; howev... | Immunohistochemistry for Ion Channels and Their Interacting Molecules: Tips for Improving Antibody Accessibility | 10.1007/978-1-0716-1522-5_14 |
2021-01-01 | Methods like low-temperature liquid nitrogen gas adsorption and scanning electron microscope were used in the study to investigate pore and fissure structures of three coal samples of different metamorphic degrees. And the findings show that the volume of nitrogen adsorbed by coal samples of metamorphic degree differs ... | Research on Properties of Pore Fissures Based on the CART Algorithm | 10.1007/978-3-030-51556-0_61 |
2021-01-01 | The development is essential part of human society which offers the opportunities in the sectors like information technology, supply chain, food-farming, infrastructure and more others. Since, last several decades universally the living standard of the human society is upgrading. Currently available and upcoming smart ... | Water Pollution and Its Prevention Through Development of Low Cost Wastewater Treatment System | 10.1007/978-3-030-51485-3_35 |
2021-01-01 | Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) is a popular method for characterizing cytosine methylation because it is fully quantitative and has base-pair resolution. While WGBS is prohibitively expensive for experiments involving many samples, low-coverage WGBS can accurately determine global methylation and erasure at s... | Estimating Global Methylation and Erasure Using Low-Coverage Whole-Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS ) | 10.1007/978-1-0716-1294-1_3 |
2021-01-01 | Investigating the chromatin landscape of the early mammalian embryo is essential to understand how epigenetic mechanisms may direct reprogramming and cell fate allocation. Genome-wide analyses of the epigenome in preimplantation mouse embryos have recently become available, thanks to the development of low-input protoc... | DamID to Map Genome-Protein Interactions in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos | 10.1007/978-1-0716-0958-3_18 |
2021-01-01 | This chapter analyses the physical structure of the Tulipp Platform, defining the hardware characteristics in order to have a deeper understanding of the architecture and its capabilities. A clearer approach to the hardware components translates into a more precise vision of to which extent the Tulipp Hardware Platform... | The Tulipp Hardware Platform | 10.1007/978-3-030-53532-2_3 |
2021-01-01 | Phycobilisomes (PBS), the major light-harvesting antenna in cyanobacteria, are supramolecular complexes of colorless linkers and heterodimeric, pigment-binding phycobiliproteins. Phycocyanin and phycoerythrin commonly comprise peripheral rods, and a multi-cylindrical core is principally assembled from allophycocyanin (... | The structural basis of far-red light absorbance by allophycocyanins | 10.1007/s11120-020-00787-y |
2021-01-01 | The latest intergovernmental panel on climate change update includes a methodology to estimate perfluorocarbon Perfluorocarbon (PFC) (PFC) emissions generated during reduction cell start-up. Alcoa has sampled PFC emissions to estimate tier 3 PFC emission slope from aluminum cell operation including cell start-up, for l... | Low and High Voltage PFC Slope Coefficient Monitoring During Pot Start-Up | 10.1007/978-3-030-65396-5_62 |
2021-01-01 | Genetic studies of forest tree species begun in Argentina with poplars, pines, and eucalypts in the 1950s with the analysis of productive traits, and native species were considered only since 1980s. In this introductory chapter, the main forest ecoregions of Argentina are described: Alto Paraná rainforest, Yungas rainf... | Native Forests Claim for Breeding in Argentina: General Concepts and Their State | 10.1007/978-3-030-56462-9_1 |
2021-01-01 | The low-carbon transition (peaking) initiatives of Chinese cities will aim at meeting SDG and climate change requirements. These cities set their unique targets and paths for low-carbon transition (peaking) based on their own energy mix, industrial structure and renewable energy endowment. Taking Beijing as an example,... | Low-Carbon Transition (Peaking) of Chinese Cities: The Case of Beijing | 10.1007/978-981-33-6100-3_3 |
2021-01-01 | This effort is anticipated with three-dimensional finite element model of a steam turbine blade having fir tree roots to obtain the blades vibration response with the variant in fixing state on blade root interfaces. Fir tree root of the object blade has three faces (Top, Middle, and Lower) of different contact areas a... | Vibration Response of Fir Tree Root Blades with the Variation in Fixing Condition on Blade Root Interfaces | 10.1007/978-981-15-8025-3_83 |
2021-01-01 | In order to select the best lighting source for the indoor space of the public buildings on the lower floor of Zhengzhou City, the algorithm of selecting the best lighting source for the interior space in an office building in Zhengzhou City was studied. The illumination evaluation index system is established, and the ... | Selection Algorithm of the Optimal Lighting Source in the Interior Space of the Low-Rise Public Building | 10.1007/978-981-16-0115-6_100 |
2021-01-01 | Low-molecular-weight hydrogels (LMWG) can be formed by electrochemical methods. Unique to the electrochemical method, gelation is localized on the electrode surface; therefore, thin hydrogel films can be prepared in seconds while thicker gels can be prepared in minutes. Furthermore, hydrogels are suitable for use in a ... | Forming Low-Molecular-Weight Hydrogels by Electrochemical Methods | 10.1007/978-1-0716-0928-6_12 |
2021-01-01 | This article explores Brazil’s relationship of trade dependency to China and its implications for the former’s attempt to lead the way into a low-carbon bioeconomy. While actors from Brazil’s sucro-energetic sector try to rescale the use of agrofuels as a clean source of bio-based energy, China’s growing demand for Bra... | Contested Resources and South-South Inequalities: What Sino-Brazilian Trade Means for the “Low-Carbon” Bioeconomy | 10.1007/978-3-030-68944-5_13 |
2021-01-01 | The low spatial frequency error (LSFE) was an important component of the measurement error of star trackers. In order to improve the star tracker measurement accuracy better than 1 arcsecond, the calibration method of LSFE was studied. Firstly, the error composition, source and importance of ground calibration were int... | Ground Calibration of Star Tracker Low Spatial Frequency Error | 10.1007/978-981-33-4102-9_90 |
2021-01-01 | We use well-known urodynamic examination procedures and measurement devices to identify Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), usually in the clinical environment. Some home-use devices do exist but have their deficits in ease of use and improve the quality of life (QoL). This article presents a newly developed urodynami... | Development of a Portable Device for Urodynamic Data Acquisition Suitable for Home Use | 10.1007/978-3-030-73909-6_10 |
2021-01-01 | Fuel injection strategy has become the heart of modern diesel engine due to its better commend on combustion process which ensures improvement in performance (BSFC, torque) and combustion noise (CN) with simultaneous reduction of emissions. In this experimental research work, impact of quadruple (epMa), triple (pMa) an... | Comparative Analysis of Combustion Noise, Performance and Emission of LTC Diesel Engine with Multiple Injections | 10.1007/978-981-15-7711-6_65 |
2021-01-01 | This paper investigates the performance of a recently developed reverse flow slinger combustor with methanol. The study has been undertaken with an aim of developing an effective way of burning methanol in gas turbine engines. Methanol is seen as a future alternative to fossil fuels for power generation because of its ... | Investigation of Reverse Flow Slinger Combustor with Methanol | 10.1007/978-981-15-5996-9_38 |
2021-01-01 | In modern stem cell therapy, stem cells preservation is one of the major challenges. The present study aims to develop an advanced desiccation technique for the preservation of mesenchymal stem cells. Cryopreservation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is one of the options for its long-term storage. The establishe... | Designing a Low-Cost Spin-Drying Desiccation Technique Using 3D Printed Whirligig Model for Preservation of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells | 10.1007/978-981-15-6329-4_35 |
2021-01-01 | To mitigate the consequences of global warming and climate change, concerted efforts are being undertaken, across the world to switch over from the fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. The potential of biological resources to meet the growing energy demand is significant. Low carbon and decarburization are viewed ... | Renewable Energy for a Low-Carbon Future: Policy Perspectives | 10.1007/978-981-15-7321-7_12 |
2021-01-01 | A miniaturized wireless electronic nose for the detection of diseases through the breath is introduced in this communication. The device presented has an electronic design similar to previous prototypes, but with a smaller size and consumption. It is equipped with four miniaturized digital gas sensors and an integrated... | Disease Biomarkers Detection in Breath with a Miniaturized Electronic Nose | 10.1007/978-3-030-69551-4_6 |
2021-01-01 | The release of large volume of dyes through industrial aqueous effluents has become a growing concern, as effluents containing dyes are harmful to the environment and to living things. In this scenario, different methods (physical, chemical and biological) were developed for dye removal from wastewater. However, enviro... | Aqueous Two-Phase Systems: An Alternative Process for Industrial Dye Recovery | 10.1007/978-981-15-6564-9_3 |
2021-01-01 | The urgent need to make natural fibre composites suitable for semi-structural applications demands a thorough assessment of their behaviour under different loading conditions and strain rates. In this regard, low velocity impact represents a severe hazard to the composite industry due to the resulting complex damage sc... | The Potential of Biocomposites in Low Velocity Impact Resistance Applications | 10.1007/978-981-16-1323-4_8 |
2021-01-01 | Recent high ambient concentration of particulate matter (PM), such as air pollutants, has its multimodal effects on the environment and human health especially for the least developing countries because of the high cost associated with monitoring it. The aim of this study is to introduce a low-cost air quality monitori... | Application of Low-Cost Air Quality Monitoring Sensor to Assess the Exposure of Ambient Air Pollution Due to PM2.5 and PM10 | 10.1007/978-981-15-6887-9_16 |
2021-01-01 | Over the past decade, great efforts have been devoted to improve performance of wet-processed organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) because of their potentials for next generation of flat panel displays and general lighting with low-cost processes, such as screen printing and ink jet printing. This chapter provides a ... | Low-Molecular-Weight Materials: Wet Processing | 10.1007/978-4-431-55761-6_45-1 |
2021-01-01 | We propose a safe design of squat exergame to maintain lower extremity strength that includes Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment (DDA). This is to optimise the game difficulty according to a Knee Shakiness (KS) parameter. We modulated two parameters to implement DDA namely, movement speed and Pneumatic Gel Muscle (PGM)-base... | Ski for Squat: A Squat Exergame with Pneumatic Gel Muscle-Based Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment | 10.1007/978-3-030-78095-1_33 |
2021-01-01 | We propose a novel approach to improve the durability and energy efficiency of field- emission (FE) devices with a simple structure employing high crystallized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) produced by high-temperature annealing as the cathode material. We succeeded in establishing the generality and efficacy... | A Novel Approach to Artificial Energy-Loss Free Field Emitters: The Outstanding Cathodic Durability of High Crystallized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes | 10.1007/978-981-15-6779-7_29 |
2021-01-01 | Electrospun fiber made from electrospinning process is popular in the development of flexible devices. For polystyrene to be applied in various application that will experience physical endurance such as bending, pulling and folding; graphene oxide Graphene oxide was added as filler to enhance the mechanical strength o... | Effect on Addition of Low Loading of Graphene Oxide to the Physical Characterization of Electrospun Polystyrene Fiber Mat | 10.1007/978-981-16-4513-6_39 |
2021-01-01 | Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) polymer is mainly used in the production of plastic bags and food packaging making up the largest volume of plastic pollutions. These polymers are potential substrates for bacteria in the bioremediation process. In this study, soil samples were collected from different plastic landfills ... | A survey of intact low-density polyethylene film biodegradation by terrestrial Actinobacterial species | 10.1007/s10123-020-00142-0 |
2021-01-01 | DNA extracted from ancient biological materials is usually highly damaged and exists in minuscule amounts. Nucleases and adverse environmental factors (e.g., heat, humidity, and ultraviolet radiation) are observed to contribute to DNA degradation, which reduces the total number of DNA copies. However, with the introduc... | Analysis of Low Copy Number DNA and Degraded DNA | 10.1007/978-981-15-3354-9_43 |
2021-01-01 | In the world has been stepped up the work to develop technologies for biomass thermal conversion into gaseous fuels that can be used for combustion in different types of boilers, in internal combustion engines, or for liquefaction. The main advantage of the biomass thermal conversion technology for synthesis gas is its... | Influence of Humidity of Wood Fuel on the Gasification Process in a Continuous Layer | 10.1007/978-3-030-57340-9_33 |
2021-01-01 | For Changqing Triassic extra-low permeability reservoirs,due to poor reservoir physical property, high filtration resistance, existing natural micro-fractures, water flooding development has great difficulty. Foam-assisted oxygen-reduced air flooding technology has distinct advantages for extra-low permeability reservo... | Comprehensive Research on Foam-Assisted Oxygen-Reduced Air Flooding in Changqing Triassic Extra-Low Permeability Reservoirs | 10.1007/978-981-16-1123-0_16 |
2021-01-01 | In view of the unsatisfactory stimulation effect of the conventional fracturing technology in low-permeability complex fault block reservoirs, the exploratory large scale multi-stage fracturing pilot test with large displacement has been carried out to achieve the obvious stimulation effect and realize the breakthrough... | Research and Application of Large Scale Multi-stage Fracturing Technology for Vertical Wells in Low Permeability Complex Fault Block Oilfield | 10.1007/978-981-16-0761-5_186 |
2021-01-01 | From the last couple of decades, image denoisification is one of the challenging areas in the image processing and computer vision domains that adds clarity to images by removing noise and makes them suitable for further processing. Images or videos captured by various visual sensors are degenerated during various circ... | OpenCLTM Implementation of Fast Frequency Domain Image Denoisification Kernels for Parallel Environments | 10.1007/978-981-15-7486-3_52 |
2021-01-01 | The denim and jeans industry is a huge and powerful business segment that has proved over the past decade that it can take its responsibility and be a key driver for change for the apparel industry in general. The developments of substitutes for toxic chemicals and the invention of new, resource-saving technologies hav... | Greening the Blues—How Jeans Have Stood the Test of Time by Adapting Innovative, Forward-Thinking and Sustainable Production Practices | 10.1007/978-3-030-22018-1_10 |
2021-01-01 | Bioadsorption is an organic technique as different bioadsorbents prepared from agricultural waste, forest waste, industrial waste and algae can be utilized for the greatest expulsion of substantial metals from wastewater. In the present study, an attempt has been made to remove the chromium concentration in synthetic w... | Removal of Chromium from Synthetic Wastewater Using Synthesized Low-Cost Adsorbents | 10.1007/978-981-16-1528-3_25 |
2021-01-01 | Demand for food, efficient use of resources and the need for climate change adaptation are conflicting objectives of today’s agriculture. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) could help to balance these contradicting requirements. A decisive advantage of a WSN is that data can be obtained from the sensors at any time withou... | Challenges in Developing a Wireless Sensor Network for an Agricultural Monitoring and Decision System | 10.1007/978-3-030-64758-2_16 |
2021-01-01 | A leakage-tolerant low-power wide fan-in OR logic domino circuit is presented to decrease the leakage current and to enhance the noise immunity. Primarily, an efficient switching control in keeper network is developed to reduce the switching of keeper transistor in both phases, so that dynamic power and noise immunity ... | Leakage-Tolerant Low-Power Wide Fan-in OR Logic Domino Circuit | 10.1007/978-981-15-6840-4_52 |
2021-01-01 | The greatest challenge facing Egypt in the last decade is to create new communities in new areas due to the rapid increase in the human population. Egypt has vast areas of desert lands all over the country. Moghra is an area at the northeastern tip of the Qattara Depression that remnants of a larger paleolake. It is a ... | Groundwater Quality and Potentiality of Moghra Aquifer, Northwestern Desert, Egypt | 10.1007/978-3-030-77622-0_10 |
2021-01-01 | The wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes are responsible for gathering the measurements from the monitored environments and transferring the data out of the field to be further processed. There are situations, where it is not possible to transfer large amounts of raw data, collected at the nodes, to the computing center... | A Framework to Support Creation of AI Applications for Low-Power WSN Nodes | 10.1007/978-3-030-74728-2_7 |
2021-01-01 | The installation of dense seismometer arrays in Japan approximately 20 years ago has led to the discovery of deep low-frequency tremors, which are oscillations clearly different from ordinary earthquakes. As such tremors may be related to large earthquakes, it is an important issue in seismology to investigate tremors ... | Convolutional Neural Network to Detect Deep Low-Frequency Tremors from Seismic Waveform Images | 10.1007/978-3-030-75015-2_4 |
2021-01-01 | This chapter is concerned with the $$\mathcal {H}_\infty $$ fault estimation of a class of parabolic systems with distributed inputs and outputs. The fault in the considered parabolic system is characterized by a minimal state-space description of a low-pass filter, which incorporates fault’s prior knowledge. The fault... | Fault Estimator for Parabolic Systems with Distributed Inputs and Outputs | 10.1007/978-3-030-49123-9_7 |
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