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1992-01-01 | Silicon diode cryogenic thermometry has been designed and tested for use on the Cryogenic Systems of the SSCL Magnet Test Facilities (MTL, ASST). This paper describes the test setup, results of testing, final design configuration, and performance specification. | Effects of Mounting Methods on Temperature Sensor Accuracy Below 10K | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3454-9_76 |
1992-01-01 | A new approach is suggested to the design of multi-channel systems for biomagnetic applications, based on a combination of several autonomous small-size measuring modules within one system. Small-diameter second- order gradiometers have been developed for practical realization of the new design; the gradiometers are ba... | Biomagnetic Multi-Channel System Consisting of Several Self-Contained Autonomous Small-Size Units | 10.1007/978-3-642-77457-7_87 |
1992-01-01 | Results of 77 Kelvin creep tests on OFHC copper specimens have been obtained and are shown to support previously published results presented by researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The reproduction of the copper results obtained by NIST using the Texas A&M system provides credibilit... | 1100 Hour Creep Test Results for OFHC Copper: Validation of Previously Published Results | 10.1007/978-1-4757-9050-4_16 |
1992-01-01 | A low noise 19-channel SQUID system was developed. It is part of a complete system for functional diagnosis of human brain or heart. The thin film DC-SQUIDs with integrated coupling coils are based on the refractive materials NbN-MgO-NbN. First order wire wound gradiometers with 20mm diameter are used. The cryogenic sy... | A Modular 19-Channel SQUID System for Biomagnetic Measurements | 10.1007/978-3-642-77457-7_88 |
1992-01-01 | Nitrogen-strengthened 32Mn-7Cr austenitic steel was cyclically deformed at various maximum stress amplitudes. The deformation structures induced by fatigue at cryogenic temperatures were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The dominant deformation mode was the {111}–<110> slip system, and dislocation motion w... | Deformation Structures in High-Cycle Fatigue of 0.1N-32Mn-7Cr Steel at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4757-9050-4_18 |
1992-01-01 | In order to find the most appropriate vacuum-pressure impregnating epoxy resin for superconducting coils, three types of epoxy resin were experimentally investigated from various points of view. Those epoxy resins were amine curing type A, anhydride curing type B with tertiary amine accelerator, and anhydride curing ty... | Several Properties of Impregnating Epoxy Resins Used for Superconducting Coils | 10.1007/978-1-4757-9050-4_43 |
1992-01-01 | Uniaxially reinforced composites exhibit nonlinear load displacements when loaded in shear, even at very low temperatures. The nonlinearity can be attributed to both elastic and plastic deformation. Information on nonlinear and plastic strain can be obtained by closely analyzing data from low-temperature shear tests. T... | Shear Behavior of Glass-Reinforced Systems at Low Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4757-9050-4_44 |
1992-01-01 | Fully densified ß-SIALON ceramics (Si_6Al_2O_2N_8), were prepared by a normal sintering and a post-sintering HIP (hot isostatic pressing) treatment. After exposure to corrosion by molten copper oxide (CuO) at 1200°C in air for 1 hour, both samples were evaluated by measuring their specific heat at cryogenic temperature... | Evaluation of Grain Boundary Phases of ß-Sialon by Cryogenic Specific Heat Measurements | 10.1007/978-94-011-1878-1_9 |
1992-01-01 | The intent of this document is to provide a brief summary of the execution, by Process Systems International, Inc. (PSI), of the Design and Construction of the SSCL Magnet Test Laboratory Cryogenic Systems. This $30 million project requires the expenditure of over 200,000 manhours and the procurement of $17 million in ... | Design and Construction of the SSCL Magnet Test Laboratory Cryogenic Systems | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3454-9_23 |
1992-01-01 | The investigation of hydrogen effect on the mechanical properties of Incoloy 907, a Fe—Ni—Co superalloy, was made from ambient to cryogenic temperature (77 K) with and without hydrogen charging under different aging treatments. It was found that there exists an obvious IHE tendency in Inco 907 from ambient to cryogenic... | Hydrogen Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Incoloy 907 from Ambient to Cryogenic Temperature | 10.1007/978-1-4757-9050-4_12 |
1992-01-01 | The subcooler assembly installed in the MAGCOOL test area at Brookhaven National Laboratory has been used for testing SSC magnets since 1989. As part of the test program, magnets are quenched routinely in the system. The system description and steady state capacity have been given previously^1. In this paper, the therm... | Performance of the Magcool-Subcooler Cryogenic System After 50 mm SSC Dipole Quenches | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3454-9_61 |
1992-01-01 | High-cycle fatigue properties were investigated for Ti-5A12.5Sn ELI and Ti-6A1-4V alloys (in the mill-annealed condition) at cryogenic temperatures. Subsurface crack initiation occurred in the long-life range for all alloys. The rolled materials of Ti-6A1-4V had much higher fatigue strength in the long-life range than ... | High-Cycle Fatigue Properties of Titanium Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4757-9050-4_22 |
1992-01-01 | Herschel (1800) was the first to describe the infrared portion of the solar spectrum. The infrared wavelength region is a less well-defined part of the spectrum than is the visible. While the visible region covers all wavelengths to which our eyes are sensitive, the infrared deals with radiation beyond the red cut-off ... | Infrared photometry | 10.1007/978-94-011-2476-8_12 |
1992-01-01 | Previous studies indicate that the work hardening characteristics of a Vintage III 2090-T81 12.7-mm (0.5-in.) plate is highly dependent on the through-thickness position.^[1,2] This dependency has been linked to two distinctly different microstructures existing as laminates within the plate.^[3] An investigation of the... | Microstructural Influence on the Work Hardening of Aluminum-Lithium Alloy 2090 at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4757-9050-4_5 |
1992-01-01 | In this paper, we discuss the conceptual design of the superconducting magnets for a magnetohydrodynamic thruster for a “generic” full-size submarine. The advantages of this propulsion system are the elimination of the screw, and gears, and the acoustic signature they produce. The major magnet design issues are: low ma... | Conceptual Design of a Superconducting Mhd Propulsion System | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3454-9_80 |
1992-01-01 | The dynamic interaction between the beam-gas scattering induced energy deposition and the SSC cryogenic system is studied by integrating a cryogenic system dynamic simulator with an adsorption model and a beam-gas scattering and energy deposition model. Simulation results are obtained for a 1 km long SSC arc section wh... | A Dynamic Model for Beam Tube Vacuum Effects on the SSC Cryogenic System | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3454-9_109 |
1992-01-01 | To evaluate filament-reinforced, vacuum-impregnated, epoxy-resin systems at cryogenic temperatures, new compression-shear tests have been developed for stainless-composite-stainless sandwiches. Results at 76 K are reported and analyzed for a series of weaves and surface finishes. | Compression and Shear Tests of Vacuum-Impregnated Composites at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4757-9050-4_46 |
1992-01-01 | The microstructure and cryogenic tensile properties of an Al-Li-Zn-Zr alloy in different aging conditions have been studied. The temperature dependence of the tensile properties of the alloy were evaluated from ambient to liquid nitrogen temperature in the long transverse direction. The results show that the tensile st... | Microstructure and Cryogenic Tensile Fracture Behavior of an Al-Li-Zn-Zr Alloy | 10.1007/978-1-4757-9050-4_4 |
1992-01-01 | In view of applications of fiber reinforced plastics at cryogenic temperatures, the mechanical properties of these materials have to be tested both at low temperatures and under various loading conditions (e.g. in tension, compression, shear and in particular in the crack opening mode). The main difficulty with a chara... | Fracture-Mechanical Characterization of Fiber Reinforced Plastics in the Crack-Opening-Mode (Mode I) | 10.1007/978-1-4757-9050-4_49 |
1992-01-01 | This paper briefly describes the cryogenic test capabilities of the Magnet Test Laboratory (MTL). The instrumentation for controlling the operating condition of the magnet cryogenic test and for verifying the requirements of the SSC magnet performance is introduced. The development of the thermometer system, particular... | The Cryogenic System for the MTL Magnet Test Stands | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3454-9_134 |
1992-01-01 | The method of high-pressure hydrogen charging was used to charge hydrogen into smooth and notched tensile specimens of γ′ precipitate-strengthened austenitic steel JBK-75. The hydrogen content in the charged specimens was 25.2 ppm (by weight). In the test temperature range 293 to 77 K, hydrogen had no obvious effect on... | Effect of Hydrogen Charging on Ambient and Cryogenic Mechanical Properties of a Precipitate-Strengthened Austenitic Steel | 10.1007/978-1-4757-9050-4_10 |
1991-12-01 | Investigation of the capacity coefficient of a high-pressure reciprocating pump for cryogenic fluids | 10.1007/BF01155438 | |
1991-11-01 | Design development of a vacuum cryogenic pump with air delivery rates of 20,000 liters/sec | 10.1007/BF01221084 | |
1991-09-01 | Predesign analysis method for schematic variations in cryogenic units and plants | 10.1007/BF01151944 | |
1991-09-01 | The weldability of alloys of the system Al-Cu-Li is studied and promising alloyingranges are established for weldable alloys: 5.5-6.5% Cu, 0.8-1.4% LI and 2.5-3.5%Cu, 1.9-2.5% Li. The positive effect of adding small amounts of scandium on theweddability and mechanical properties of alloys of the system Al-Cu-Li is demo... | Possibility of creating weldable alloys on the basis of the system Al-Cu-Li | 10.1007/BF00811735 |
1991-09-01 | Single unit activity of 355 cells was recorded in the auditory thalamus of anesthetized cats before, during, and after the inactivation by cooling of the ipsilateral primary auditory cortex (AI). Most of the units (n = 288) showed similar functional characteristics of firing before and after the cryogenic blockade of A... | Corticofugal modulation of the information processing in the auditory thalamus of the cat | 10.1007/BF00230524 |
1991-08-01 | FIFI is an imaging spectrometer with two or three Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPI) in series for airborne astronomical observations in the far-infrared range (λ=40...200μm). It employs 5×5 arrays of photoconducting detectors and offers spectral resolutions as small as 2km/s. Resolution and bandwidth can be set over a ... | The MPE/UCB far-infrared imaging Fabry-Perot interferometer (FIFI) | 10.1007/BF01009647 |
1991-07-01 | A cryogenic lesion was induced in the parietal cortex of neonatal rats at postnatal day 2, and the chronological sequence of cellular events during repair and reconstruction of the cortical plate examined. Serial sections of cerebra obtained at varying intervals ranging from 1 to 60 days postinjury were studied by ligh... | Repair and reconstruction of the cortical plate following closed cryogenic injury to the neonatal rat cerebrum | 10.1007/BF00293950 |
1991-06-01 | By making a combination of both point contact and barrier type tunnel junctions on a single sample of the high T _c superconductor BSCCO (2212) single crystal, we have shown that as the tunneling tip is slowly retracted from the surface a point contact junction gradually evolves from a N-S short to a high resistance tu... | A comparison of barrier type tunnel junction and point contact tunnel junction formed on the same highT
_c material | 10.1007/BF02845800 |
1991-05-01 | Analysis of efficiency of cryogenic systems having a thermosorption compressor | 10.1007/BF01148545 | |
1991-05-01 | Alloy KhN35VTYu has high values of σ_u, σ_0.2, and a_0.25 at normal and cryogenic temperatures after hardening at 1050°C for 3 h in air and aging at 700°C for 3–8 h. The alloy is not sensitive to stress concentration. Increasing the hardening temperature to 1200°C leads to a significant decrease in the values of σ_0.2 ... | Mechanical properties of alloy KhN35VTYu at low temperatures | 10.1007/BF00775591 |
1991-05-01 | Single-cylinder piston pump with large discharge for cryogenic liquids | 10.1007/BF01148546 | |
1991-04-01 | Possible specific fields of application of hollow microgranules in cryogenic technology are examined. It is pointed out how a high degree of monodispersity of granules helps to improve the performance of different cryogenic systems. | Applicability of monodispersed technology in cryogenic technology | 10.1007/BF00872138 |
1991-04-01 | This paper investigates the level of cytosolic and synaptosomal forms of calcium activated neutral protease activities in the normal brain and their changes following a freezing lesion in the rabbit. From 1 to 24 hours post lesion we observe a progressive disappearing of the enzyme activities from the cytosolic compart... | Calcium-activated neutral protease activities in brain trauma | 10.1007/BF00965570 |
1991-04-01 | ROSETTA — the Comet Nucleus Sample Return mission — is one of the four Cornerstone missions to which ESA has committed itself in its approved Long-Term Programme Horizon 2000 . The mission is currently being studied in collaboration with NASA. The comet-nucleus samples that ROSETTA is to provide will allow us to study ... | Comet nucleus sample return: Plans and capabilities | 10.1007/BF00178398 |
1991-03-01 | Choice of design of cryogenic vessels with minimal weight | 10.1007/BF01150087 | |
1991-02-01 | Static balancing of high-speed drives of miniature gas cryogenic machines | 10.1007/BF01147665 | |
1991-01-01 | Cryogenic cooling improves sensor performance in any spectral band. The high cost of achieving improved performance has led to a ten-year lifetime requirement, along with already stringent requirements for vibration, size, weight, power and temperature. The development of cryogenic refrigerators capable of meeting thes... | An Overview of the Development of Sorption Refrigeration | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3368-9_41 |
1991-01-01 | A numerical model has been developed for simulating the unsteady behavior of a dewar for helium storage. The model includes the dynamic behavior of the vapor cooled shields, MLI insulation, and the effect of parallel conduction and radiation paths. An implicit finite difference program was developed to take into accoun... | A Model of the Unsteady Behavior of Long Duration Helium Dewar | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3368-9_71 |
1991-01-01 | By thermally-coupling the pressure transducer to the cryogenic vessel or transfer line, the measurement uncertainty can be significantly reduced as well as the heat leak associated with sensing lines extending to ambient temperatures. Temperature compensation algorithms are presented along with experimental results usi... | Temperature Compensation for Piezoresistive Pressure Transducers at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3368-9_80 |
1991-01-01 | In an effort to operate Fermilab’s Tevatron synchrotron at higher beam energies, plans exist to reduce the working temperature of the superconducting components. A proposed upgrade will utilize cold compressors as an addition to each satellite refrigerator, lowering the pressure of the 2-phase helium returning to the r... | Design, Construction, and Operation of a Two Cylinder Reciprocating Cold Compressor | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3368-9_4 |
1991-01-01 | In types Kh7G28 and Kh7G32 steels the carbon content must be limited to ∼0.06% since an increase in it to 0.2% leads to a sharp drop in plasticity at cryogenic temperatures. | Mechanical properties of types Kh7G28 and Kh7G32 steels | 10.1007/BF00775033 |
1991-01-01 | Space cryostats require safety components to protect the cryogenic system against overpressure. The CRISTA cryostat (Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere), which contains 725 1 supercritical helium, will have a three stage safety system. A cryogenic rupture disc mounted directly on the hel... | Development of Cryogenic Rupture Discs for the Space Borne Crista Project | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3368-9_76 |
1991-01-01 | Neodymium and Er_3Ni powders were produced and examined as possible candidates for use as regenerator matrices in the regenerative heat exchanger of the Gifford-McMahon cycle refrigerator. In the case of Er_3Ni, crushed powders were brittle and angular in shape, molten salt produced spheres were heavily oxidized, and g... | Development of Neodymium and Er_3Ni Regenerator Materials | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3368-9_30 |
1991-01-01 | A centrifugal compressor for a completely lubricant free helium refrigeration system is now being developed using magnetic bearings. The compressor has four compression stages and each stage is independently driven by a 25-kW built-in motor at the speed of 100, 000 rpm. The inlet of the compressor is maintained at a te... | 80 K Centrifugal Compressor for Helium Refrigeration System | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3368-9_3 |
1991-01-01 | The Magnet Test Laboratory (MTL) Cryogenic System will be used to support prototype and production testing of dipole and quadropole magnets for the SSC. The MTL Cryogenic Control System must be capable of providing remote and unattended operation of the cryogenic system. This paper discusses some of the design consider... | Control System Design Considerations for the SSC Magnet Test Laboratory Cryogenic System | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3746-5_82 |
1991-01-01 | For redundant miniature Stirling-cycle cryocoolers in space applications, the off-state heat conduction down the coldfinger of one cooler is a parasitic heat load on the other coolers. At JPL, a heat flow transducer specifically designed to measure this load has been developed, and measurements have been performed on t... | Cold-Tip Off-State Conduction Loss of Miniature Stirling Cycle Cryocoolers | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3368-9_34 |
1991-01-01 | Magnetic rare earth intermetallic compounds have properties of great utility in the construction of cryocooler regenerators. The magnetocaloric effect observed in these materials is the basis for regenerative magnetic refrigeration, and large magnetic heat capacities have been used to enhance low temperature performanc... | Production of Spherical Powders of Rare Earth Intermetallic Compounds for Use in Cryocooler Regenerators | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3368-9_28 |
1991-01-01 | The British Aerospace (BAe) 80 K Stirling Cycle Cooler is unique in the world as the only cooler in production for long-life space applications. The performance of one of these coolers was recently characterized at TRW. This paper reports on the test results and the parametric sensitivities for the measured cooler. Mea... | Thermal Characterization of the BAe 80K Stirling Cycle Cooler | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3368-9_38 |
1991-01-01 | The scintillation and ionization properties of liquid argon, krypton and xenon have been investigated by means of a small laboratory apparatus. The setup consists of a cryogenic system which has the capability of cooling any liquid from ambient down to liquid nitrogen temperature and of a pulsed 10 to 100 kV electron g... | A Cryogenic Apparatus with On-Line Purification System for Scintillation and Ionization Studies in Noble Liquids | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3368-9_46 |
1991-01-01 | The objective of the cryogenic fluid management of the spacecraft propulsion system is to develop the technology necessary for acquistion or positioning of liquid and vapor within a tank in reduced gravity to enable liquid outflow or vapor venting. In this study slosh wave excitation induced by the resettling flow fiel... | Slosh Wave Excitation Due to Cryogenic Liquid Reorientation in Space-Based Propulsion System | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3368-9_64 |
1991-01-01 | In reviewing the large variety of possibilities offered by superconductivity in the small scale applications, it is often neglected the important role which can be played by superconducting tunnel junctions as radiation detectors in physics and astrophysics. The growing interest of such devices in this context lies in ... | Superconducting Tunnel Junctions as Nuclear Particle Detectors | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3852-3_11 |
1991-01-01 | High-strength nonmagnetic stainless steel suitable for cryogenic services, mainly as material of collars and beam tubes of superconducting super collider (SSC) magnets, was developed using 10Mn-19Cr-6Ni steel as the base material. The carbon content should preferably be high for strength, but if it is too high, carbide... | Development of High-Strength Nonmagnetic Stainless Steel for the SSC | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3746-5_10 |
1991-01-01 | This proposal describes the research and development required, and the subsequent fabrication of, a system capable of making integrated magnetic multipole measurements of cryogenic 40-mm-bore SSC dipole magnets utilizing a cryogenic probe. Our experience and some preliminary studies indicate that it is highly unlikely ... | Proposal for a Cryogenic Magnetic Field Measurement System for SSC Dipole Magnets | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3746-5_24 |
1991-01-01 | Insulation and structural supports made from organic-matrix composites for superconducting magnet applications must withstand high mechanical loads, cryogenic temperatures, and high levels of nuclear radiation for long periods of time. Review of the studies of radiation damage in organic materials over the past three d... | Superconducting Magnet Insulators: Radiation-Induced Damage and Effects | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3746-5_9 |
1991-01-01 | The focal plane of the AXAF X-Ray Spectrometer requires an operating temperature of 0.1 K with a mission lifetime of 5 years. This demanding task is accomplished with a hybrid cryogenic subsystem consisting of mechanical coolers, a superfluid helium dewar and an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator. By using mechanic... | 5-Year Lifetime Hybrid Superfluid Helium Dewar for the AXAF X-Ray Spectrometer (XRS) | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3368-9_68 |
1991-01-01 | Interlaminar shear strength is one of the most important properties of laminated composites, not only for fusion magnets, but for many other applications. Several processes that have been developed over the years to improve interlaminar shear strength include 3-D woven orthogonal fabrics, multiple warp weaving, stitch ... | Development of 3-D Composites | 10.1007/978-1-4757-9232-4_16 |
1991-01-01 | We have designed and tested a compact heat switch that has a simple design and a very large ON/OFF ratio. The design uses concentric cylinders of copper that can be fabricated with higher precision and with thinner web thickness than other designs. It is assembled with a technique that carefully controls the narrow gap... | A ^3He-Gap Heat Switch for Use Below 2 K in Zero G | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3368-9_20 |
1991-01-01 | This study is concerned with the cryogenic preservation of intrafibrillar apatite distribution in type I collagen of turkey leg tendons. Cryogenic specimen preparations by the rapid freezing of nonfixed and noncryoprotected leg tendons were performed by two different protocols: (1) low temperature substitution, fixatio... | Image analysis of collagen-associated mineral distribution in cryogenically prepared turkey leg tendons | 10.1007/BF02555796 |
1991-01-01 | Cryogenic liquid transfer systems have proven to be the method of choice for most cooling applications for spectrophotometric studies. The application of such methods to biological systems requires a few modifications. The cryogenic systems can operate in any position but most liquid samples must be placed in cuvettes ... | Cryogenic Cooling of Biological Samples for Electron and Optical Microscopy | 10.1007/978-1-4757-9232-4_10 |
1991-01-01 | This paper opens with a brief review of cryogenic wind tunnels and their use for high Reynolds number testing. Emphasis is on operational and aerodynamic testing experience in the NASA Langley 0.3-m Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (TCT). Since we built the 0.3-m TCT in 1973, it has logged over 8000 hours of running at cryog... | Cryogenic Wind Tunnels | 10.1007/978-1-4612-3108-0_2 |
1991-01-01 | The intended use of Stirling-cycle cryocoolers to cool infrared and submilli-meter imaging instruments on 5- to 10-year missions brings with it major challenges to cryocooler development. In particular, the voice-coil driven cryocoolers need to be electromagnetically compatible with the host instrument’s detectors as w... | Electromagnetic Compatibility Characterization of a BAe Stirling-Cycle Cryocooler for Space Application | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3368-9_35 |
1991-01-01 | The cryogenic operation of NASA’s Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) ended on September 21, 1990, with the depletion of the liquid helium cryogen. The COBE had successfully completed more than 10 months of dewar and instrument operation. We report on the cryogenic performance of the COBE dewar and of the two cryogenic i... | Final Cryogenic Performance Report for the NASA Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3368-9_51 |
1991-01-01 | The basic requirements and operating features of the collider cryogenic system have already been described in other publications.^1, 2, 3 The general arrangement of the refrigeration plant and its subsystems is presented, and the issue of how to provide redundancy in the cryogenic system is addressed, and some of the b... | Refrigeration Plants for the SSCL | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3746-5_76 |
1990-10-01 | Investigation of thermoelastic stresses in shells of cryogenic tanks by the finite difference method | 10.1007/BF01147994 | |
1990-09-01 | Degreasing cryogenic equipment with aqueous detergent solutions containing new constituents | 10.1007/BF01155771 | |
1990-06-01 | We report the optical absorption spectra of azurin ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) in the temperature range 290-20 K. The samples used are protein aqueous solutions containing 65% (by Vol.) glycerol as cryoprotectant. The measured spectra are deconvoluted in gaussian components and the temperature dependence of the zeroth, ... | Dynamic properties of the active site of azurin studied by the temperature dependence of the optical spectrum | 10.1007/BF01179507 |
1990-05-01 | Hydrostatic pressing in making components for cryogenic pipelines | 10.1007/BF01149680 | |
1990-02-01 | Cooling by a cryogenic helium system | 10.1007/BF01155924 | |
1990-01-01 | The film-condensation heat transfer coefficient of normal hydrogen (25% para-hydrogen) was determined. In this investigation, hydrogen was condensed on the wall of a vertical copper tube (15 mm i.d., 70 mm long) under the steady-state condition. From the experimental results, the condensing heat transfer coefficient fo... | An Experimental Investigation of Film-Condensation Heat Transfer of Hydrogen in a Vertical Tube | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_50 |
1990-01-01 | LEP, the large electron-positron collider built at CERN, is now starting to operate. Its four experimental areas, installed in large caverns down to 150 m below ground, are equipped with two types of superconducting magnet, namely large detector solenoids and “low-beta” focusing quadrupoles, operated from common ancill... | Helium Cryogenics at the Lep Experimental Areas | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_108 |
1990-01-01 | The cryogenic system for the TRISTAN superconducting RF cavities (SCC) was constructed and commissioned successfully. Sixteen 5-cell SCC in 8 cryostats were installed in the TRISTAN electron-positron collider at KEK. The cryostats were connected to the helium refrigerator (4 kW at 4.4 K) through a helium transfer line ... | Cryogenic System for the Tristan Superconducting RF Cavities: Performance Test and Present Status | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_112 |
1990-01-01 | Estimating the cost of cryogenic equipment at the design stage | 10.1007/BF01148153 | |
1990-01-01 | Cold silicon piezoresistive strain gauge pressure sensors have several advantages over the conventional pressure measuring devices/systems used in cryogenics. A cryogenic pressure sensor calibration facility has been set up at Pressure Systems, Inc. for calibrating cryogenic pressure sensors in the temperature range 1.... | Cryogenic Pressure Sensor Calibration Facility | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_186 |
1990-01-01 | The reaction centre components of Photosystem 2 are bound to a complex consisting of the D1, D2 and Cytochrome b559 polypeptides. This was shown to be photochemically active by the photoaccumulation of reduced pheophytin (1). The characteristic spin polarised triplet esr signal has also been detected in this preparatio... | ESR Characterisation of the Photosystem 2 Reaction Centre | 10.1007/978-94-009-0511-5_91 |
1990-01-01 | The performance of pulse tube coolers is being studied in order to determine their suitability for development into long life space coolers. Coolers based on the pulse tube phenomenon appear to be attractive for long life space application because of their inherent simplicity. Single-stage and two-stage pulse tube test... | Pulse Tube Refrigerator Performance | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_144 |
1990-01-01 | The development of superconducting (SC) dipole magnets for the UNK rests upon the cold-iron design. The support system of the helium vessel of a SC UNK dipole consists of four vertical suspensions and four horizontal extension rods placed in two cross sections across the magnet length and also of two anchor extension r... | Heat Load on a Superconducting UNK Dipole | 10.1007/978-94-009-0769-0_17 |
1990-01-01 | Gifford-McMahon (GM) cycle cryocooler operating at about 4 K has been developed. The most important component of this cryocooler is a regenerator. This paper describes effects which regenerator materials, porosity of regenerators, and configurations of regenerators have on no-load temperatures and net cooling capacitie... | Effect of Regenerator on Gifford-Mcmahon Cycle Cryocooler Operating at About 4 K | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_151 |
1990-01-01 | Determination of the optimum refrigeration plant arrangement for the SSC will require consideration of many factors. Starting from the latest information on the SSC cooling requirements and the given number of cooling sectors, an arrangement is proposed which will provide an optimum combination of low investment cost, ... | A Refrigeration Plant Concept for the SSC | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3728-1_17 |
1990-01-01 | Serrated deformation behavior at very low temperatures such as AK has been studied by many researchers. Details of this discontinuous unstable deformation, however, have remained unclarified, especially the deformation behavior under constant loading rate conditions which has been examined by only a few researchers. Th... | Effect of Stiffness on Serrated Deformation at Very Low Temperatures Under Constant Loading Rate Conditions and its Computer Simulation | 10.1007/978-94-009-0769-0_127 |
1990-01-01 | Piston expansion engines for the final cooling stage of cryogenic helium installations | 10.1007/BF01148157 | |
1990-01-01 | The fabrication of a large series of magnet development models, 70 pre-production models (beginning in 1993), as well as many thousands of production magnets requires the early construction of a Magnet Test Laboratory (MTL) to provide the testing capability for design, quality control and acceptance testing. The exact ... | The Cryogenic System for the SSC Magnet Test Laboratory | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3728-1_19 |
1990-01-01 | A cryogenic penetration has been developed to facilitate the use of cryogenic liquids within EMI / RFI shielded enclosures. The device enables the placement of a storage dewar outside the enclosure. The cryogen can then be transferred through the wall of the shielded enclosure and on to the use point. There are three d... | A Cryogenic Penetration for Electromagnetic Interference Shielded Rooms | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_217 |
1990-01-01 | Investigation of the hydraulic characteristics of cryogenic heat exchanger coils | 10.1007/BF01148156 | |
1990-01-01 | The cryogenic system for two 508 MHz 5-cell superconducting RF cavities in two cryostats was designed and constructed in the TRISTAN accumulation ring at KEK for the reliability study of the SCC and the cryogenic system. Two superconducting cavities, mounted in parallel cryostats and having a total cold mass of about 2... | Cryogenic System for the Tristan-Ar Superconducting RF Cavities | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_111 |
1990-01-01 | The major advantages of liquid nitrogen and neon cooled heat intercepts over those cooled with helium gas are that nitrogen and neon boiling at constant temperatures holds the shield temperatures constant and these cryogens can be stored for long time operation without refrigeration. The major problem with helium cooli... | Minimization of Total Refrigeration Power of Liquid Neon and Nitrogen Cooled Intercepts for SMES Magnets | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_100 |
1990-01-01 | The behavior of liquid helium in porous materials continues to be of interest for the purpose of helium fluid management in a weightless environment. The present paper reports on measurements of He II pressure drop across two porous SiO_2 ceramic filter materials. These materials vary only in porosity, having values of... | Pressure Drop of He II Flow Through a Porous Media | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_23 |
1990-01-01 | Fracture toughness tests were made on 304 stainless steel at 4 K, varying the precracking temperature (300 K and 77 K) and magnetic field (0 T and 8 T). The obtained results are discussed, taking the TRIP* effect and the promotion of martensite formation in magnetic fields into consideration. Fracture toughness values ... | Fracture Toughness of 304 Stainless Steel in High Magnetic Fields at Cryogenic Temperature | 10.1007/978-94-009-0769-0_119 |
1990-01-01 | LMSC’s Super Fluid Helium Tanker Study, J. Wohl, T. Nast, LMSC, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 — A Conceptual Study for a Superfluid Helium Tanker (SFHT), to replenish AXAF, SIRTF, ASTROMAG, and other Superfluid Helium users on orbit was undertaken for NASA Johnson Space Center. | A Conceptual Study for a Superfluid Helium Tanker (SFHT) | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_41 |
1990-01-01 | We have designed a system for the COBE flight dewar to measure its liquid helium fill. We apply a small known amount of heat to the helium tank and monitor the temperature rise in the liquid and the tank. Working with a detailed thermal model of the tank and liquid we can determine the amount of liquid present. COBE us... | A Calorimetric Mass Gauge System for the Cosmic Background Explorer (Cobe) | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_201 |
1990-01-01 | The results of tests performed on a recently developed reusable cryogenic seal are reported. The seal is fabricated entirely from metal and uses an indium alloy as a sealant. The seal has been successfully tested at temperatures ranging from 1.6 K to 416 K, and at pressures in excess of 3 MPa. Leak-tight joints were ac... | An All-Metal, Reusable, Cryogenic Seal | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_98 |
1990-01-01 | Rare Gases: Krypton, Neon, Xenon | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0673-3_50 | |
1990-01-01 | The feasibility of a passive quench protection system for the Superconducting Supercollider (SSC) main ring magnets depends on the radiation resistance and reliability of the diodes used as current bypass elements. These diodes would be located inside the magnet cryostat, subjecting them to liquid helium temperature an... | Studies of Cold Protection Diodes | 10.1007/978-1-4615-3728-1_3 |
1990-01-01 | Reciprocating and centrifugal cold helium compressors have been incorporated into part of the Tevatron satellite refrigeration system on a test basis. Results to be presented include compressor performance and overall system behavior under steady state and upset conditions. The effects on quench current of reductions i... | Trial Operation of Cold Compressors in Fermilab Satellite Refrigerators | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_123 |
1990-01-01 | The multilayer insulation (MLI) system for the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) consists of full cryostat length assemblies of aluminized polyester film fabricated in the form of blankets and installed as blankets to the 4.5K cold mass and the 20K and 80K thermal radiation shields. Approximately 40,000 MLI blankets... | A Blanket Design, Apparatus, and Fabrication Techniques for the Mass Production of Multilayer Insulation Blankets for the Superconducting Super Collider | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_60 |
1990-01-01 | We have developed a self-contained, recyclable ^3He refrigerator suitable for use in space. The refrigerator is compact, has no moving parts, and requires only electrical connections and thermal contact in order to operate from a 2 K cold stage. A charcoal adsorption pump is used to efficiently condense and cool the ^3... | A Rocket-Borne ^3He Refrigerator | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_172 |
1990-01-01 | Accidents involving compressed gases can be spectacular. One classic case, which was reported in the May 1969 Chemical Section Newsletter of the National Safety Council involved a cylinder of carbon dioxide with a faulty valve. It illustrates the incredible power that is stored in a cylinder, and points out that compre... | Handling Compressed Gases | 10.1007/978-1-4612-3320-6_18 |
1990-01-01 | Tensile properties, Charpy absorbed energy, and fracture toughness at room temperature, 77 K, and 4 K were determined for unalloyed titanium and titanium alloys. The titanium alloys with reduced content of oxygen and iron showed an excellent combination of high yield strength and high toughness at 4 K. Fracture behavio... | Fatigue and Fracture of Ti Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-94-009-0769-0_130 |
1990-01-01 | This paper reports on an experimental study into gas spring heat transfer in reciprocating machinery and its effect on these machines at cryogenic temperatures. A closed volume piston-cylinder apparatus was used to measure gas spring heat transfer under a variety of conditions at room temperature and at cryogenic tempe... | An Experimental Study of Gas Spring Heat Transfer in Reciprocating Cryogenic Machinery | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0639-9_55 |
1990-01-01 | Oxygen | 10.1007/978-1-4613-0673-3_47 |
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