publicationDate stringlengths 10 10 | abstract stringlengths 0 37.3k | title stringlengths 1 5.74k | doi stringlengths 11 47 ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|
1987-01-01 | A transportable laser system for remote sensing of road traffic emissions (carbon monoxide) has been developed and field testet at different sites in the city of Frankfurt. Based on the DAS technique using lead-salt diode lasers, the system yields mean values of the species density across a measurement path of several ... | A Transportable Laser System for Remote Sensing of Road Traffic Emissions | 10.1007/978-94-009-3991-2_4 |
1987-01-01 | We have started some time ago a research activity to evaluate the possible use of cryogenic detectors in the detection of very rare events [1]- First tests of silicon calorimeters have been performed at CERN and showed the feasibility of using such devices as photon detectors- Germanium, totally doped commercial thermo... | Considerations on Front End Electronics for Bolometric Detectors with Resistive Readout | 10.1007/978-3-642-72959-1_13 |
1987-01-01 | The x-ray crystal structure of the Rhodopseudomonas viridis reaction center - cytochrome c complex (RC-cyt complex) has stimulated considerable interest (1–4). One of the most remarkable features of the protein is the linear array of the four cytochrome c hemes which contrasts sharply with the arrangement suggested fro... | Construction and Characterization of Monolayer Films of the Reaction Center Cytochrome-C Protein From Rhodopseudomonas
Viridis
| 10.1007/978-1-4613-1941-2_83 |
1987-01-01 | Hundred years ago a fog of liquid hydrogen droplets was created by two dedicated scientists at the Cracow University in Poland. The scientists, Wroblewski and Olszewski least suspected that a century later their effort will help place man on the moon and fill automobile fuel tanks of the common man. In 1898, James Dewa... | Cryogenic Storage of Hydrogen | 10.1007/978-94-009-3809-0_9 |
1987-01-01 | The desire to measure atmospheric emission spectra of the upper atmosphere has led to the development of cryogenically cooled infrared Fourier transform spectrometers. These spectrometers combine the sensitivity advantage of a Fourier transform spectrometer with the sensitivity gains obtainable with modern infrared det... | Cryogenic instrumentation and detector limits in FTS | 10.1007/BF01201695 |
1986-10-01 | The speed of ultrasound propagation is measured in neon-helium solutions. The effect of a helium impurity on ultrasound propagation speed in cryogenic liquids is analyzed. | Velocity of ultrasound propagation in solutions of helium in cryogenic liquids | 10.1007/BF00870846 |
1986-06-01 | When headspace gas chromatography utilizing capillary columns is used for trace analysis, sample enrichment is often needed. This involves splitless sample injection of fairly large gas volumes and relatively long sampling times. As a result of this, the band of the sample vapor may be too large causing peak distortion... | Cryofocusing in the combination of gas chromatography with equilibrium headspace sampling | 10.1007/BF02311600 |
1986-05-01 | A convenient procedure has been described for enhancing the sensitivity of equilibrium headspace gas chromatography. The technique involves the cryogenic focusing of headspace vapors at the head of a 0.32 mm fusedsilica capillary column which has been coupled to a packed column injection port. Cryofocusing is accomplis... | Headspace analysis with cryogenic focusing: A procedure for increasing the sensitivity of automated capillary headspace analysis | 10.1007/BF02311877 |
1986-05-01 | Cryogenic sampler for collecting radioactive gases and aerosols | 10.1007/BF00865965 | |
1986-03-01 | Calculation of conditions of transition to characteristic flow regimes of two-phase cryogenic medium in tubes and annular channels | 10.1007/BF01149070 | |
1986-02-01 | Metrological support to means of measuring flow rate for liquid cryogenic media | 10.1007/BF00868832 | |
1986-01-01 | We tested two samples of a commercial shielding alloy at 300, 77, 4 and 1.91 Kelvin, using field strengths of 4 and 50 gauss rms and frequencies from 0.08 Hz to 10 KHz. Both samples were effective shields, even at 1.91 Kelvin. One of the samples, which had received a special treatment, shielded even more effectively at... | Data on a Magnetic Shield Alloy at Low Magnetic Fields from 300 Kelvin to 1.91 Kelvin, and 0.08 Hz to 10kHz | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_55 |
1986-01-01 | Precise pressure measurement is an important requirement frequently encountered in cryogenic experimentation. Applications range from vapor pressure and gas thermometry to gas sample density measurements. Since a capacitance-type pressure sensing element can be constructed of non-magnetic, UHV-compatible materials to c... | Cryogenic Applications of Capacitance-Type Pressure Sensors | 10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_143 |
1986-01-01 | Liquid helium duct spacers in large superconducting magnets must have high compressive strength to withstand large electromagnetic forces. They must also show a low thermal contraction, in the direction perpendicular to the laminations, to maintain windings stability at liquid helium temperature. To attain higher glass... | Mechanical Properties of Low Thermal Contraction GFRP | 10.1007/978-1-4899-2010-2_21 |
1986-01-01 | The design of the 4.5 K primary cooling system and higher temperature shield cooling systems for the SSC are described. Typical flow diagrams for the magnet piping systems are presented. Estimated heat loads are given. The systems have been designed to accomodate the great distances, 90 km and up, over which the load w... | The SSC Cryogenic System | 10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_6 |
1986-01-01 | Recent developments in welding technology are reviewed. Mechanical properties of recently developed alloys and welds produced by various processes are tabulated. | Welding Advances in Cryogenics | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_9 |
1986-01-01 | Passive orbital disconnect struts can potentially reduce the support conductance a factor of 10 over state-of-the-art tension band nondisconnect supports and cut helium dewar weights in half for the same lifetime. A series of thermal and structural tests were performed to verify that this performance improvement is rea... | System Structural Test Results: Six Pods III Supports | 10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_105 |
1986-01-01 | The cryogenic deformation behavior under uniaxial tensile stress was investigated for 32Mn-7Cr high manganese steel using a diametral extensometer. The tensile deformation and serration behavior were observed for varying gage diameters and strain rates (< 5 × 10^-4s^-1). A significant effect of gage diameter and strain... | Effects of Gage Diameter and Strain Rate on Tensile Deformation Behavior of 32Mn-7Cr Steel at 4 K | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_37 |
1986-01-01 | Measurement means for variable-field induction under cryogenic conditions and their metrological support | 10.1007/BF00862482 | |
1986-01-01 | Because of their inflammable contents LNG storage facilities are considered as installations with a very high risk potential. Safety and reliability issues have therefore been extensively discussed (see [1], [2], [3]). | Collection and Usage of Reliability Data for Risk Analysis of LNG Storage Tanks | 10.1007/978-3-642-82773-0_44 |
1986-01-01 | The effects of Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) on the superconducting properties of (Nb, Ti)_3Sn multifilamentary wires were studied. The (Nb, Ti)_3Sn wires, having a bronze (Cu-13wt%Sn-0.3wt%Ti) to niobium ratio of 2.8, were manufactured by the conventional bronze method using the hot hydrostatic extrusion. After the dif... | Effects of Hot Isostatic Pressing on the Superconducting Properties of (Nb, Ti)_3Sn Multifilamentary Wires | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_116 |
1986-01-01 | For practical high-T_c Josephson devices like Nb_3Ge dc-SQUIDs, a multilayer technology is indispensable. A consequence is that interconnections between different layers are needed. This requires high-T_c superconducting contacts from one Nb_3Ge layer to the other. We therefore developed a versatile Nb_3Ge multilayer t... | A Multilayer Technology with High T_c Nb_3Ge Films | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_64 |
1986-01-01 | We performed a experiment to detect a temperature rise at cryogenic temperature using a dual-core optical fiber. This fiber has two single-mode optical cores in one fiber. We demonstrated that a temperature rise of 4 K was detectable at 4.2 K. The sensitivity of this method can be improved using a longer fiber. This me... | Detection of temperature Rise at 4.2 k by Using a Dual-Core Optical Fiber - An Optical Method to Detect a Quench of a Superconducting Magnet. | 10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_142 |
1986-01-01 | The object of this study is to acquire data on radiation damage of organic insulator films at low temperature. The specimens used were thin films of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyarylether etherketone (PEEK), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polypyromellitimide (PPMI, Kapton H). Experiments were mainly done wit... | Effect of Cryogenic Irradiation on the Mechanical Properties of Organic Insulator Films | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_19 |
1986-01-01 | Measurements of the coupling losses have been made on the several types of cables by changing the cable twist pitch and direction systematically in order to optimize the cable structures. A cable twist opposite in direction to the strand twist led to higher losses than those with identical twist directions. The twist p... | Coupling Losses in Superconducting Cables | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_90 |
1986-01-01 | Metallurgical linking of the filaments and their proximity coupling through the normal metal matrix in in situ prepared superconducting composites cause greater ac losses than those observed for bronze process materials. Twisting of in situ wire, provided twist length is sufficiently small, results in a limitation of s... | AC Losses for in Situ Superconducting Microcomposites | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_94 |
1986-01-01 | The porous plug is a proven method for phase separation in superfluid helium dewars operating in zero gravity. The principal operating regimes have been identified in laboratory experiments on porous plugs. In this paper a description of porous plug operation is given, and a new explanation is presented for the observe... | The Liquid-Vapor Transition in Porous Plug Operation | 10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_96 |
1986-01-01 | For the structural materials used for fusion reactors, high strength and superior toughness are required at liquid helium temperature in heavy plate (over 100 mm thick). Both Mn-Cr and Ni-Cr austenitic steels are candidate materials for the next Fusion Reactor Project at JAERI (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute), ... | Effect of Metallurgical Variables on Strength and Toughness of Mn-Cr and Ni-Cr Stainless Steels at 4.2 K | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_6 |
1986-01-01 | The internal tin process has been established as a cost effective and reliable method for the manufacture of practical high current density Nb_3Sn superconductor.^1–3 This paper describes fabrication and test results to date for internal tin process conductor elements that are being developed for the Lawrence Livermore... | Internal Tin Process Nb_3Sn Superconductors for 18 Tesla | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_119 |
1986-01-01 | A design is presented for a dipole magnet suitable for the proposed SSC facility. Test results are given for model magnets of this design 1 m long and 4.5 m long. Flattened wedge-shaped cables (“keystoned”) are used in a graded, two-layer “cos θ” configuration with three wedges to provide sufficient field uniformity an... | A 6.4 Tesla Dipole Magnet For the SSC | 10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_3 |
1986-01-01 | Over the past twenty years separation processes based upon pressure swing adsorption have replaced cryogenic processes in a number of selected applications such as air separation for production of moderate quantities of nitrogen and oxygen and recovery of hydrogen from refinery and chemical plant gases. Key events cont... | Gas Separation by Pressure Swing Adsorption | 10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_120 |
1986-01-01 | Creep behavior of Type 304 LN plate and 316 L shielded-metal-arc (SMA) deposited stainless weld metal was investigated at 4 K. Testing was performed at constant load in a creep machine with a cryostat designed for stability. Both transient and steady-state creep were observed during tests lasting over 200 h. Steady-sta... | Creep of 304 LN and 316 L Stainless Steels at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_44 |
1986-01-01 | Heat leak measurements of superconducting magnet suspension systems, and multi-layer insulation (MLI) systems are important for the optimum design of magnet cryostats. For this purpose, a versatile cryogenic test facility was developed having a functional end in which test components of differing geometrical configurat... | Heat Leak Measurement Facility | 10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_145 |
1986-01-01 | Prior work on internal tin wire has shown that an increase in critical current results when the Nb_3Sn reaction temperatures (650–730°C) are preceded by low temperature diffusion heat treatments that distribute the tin. These heat treatments produce a more uniform tin distribution through the niobium filament array bef... | The Relationship between Critical Current and Microstructure of Internal Tin Wire | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_105 |
1986-01-01 | A subcritical liquid hydrogen orbital storage and transfer experiment is being designed for flight in the shuttle cargo bay. The Cryogenic Fluid Management Facility (CFMF) includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank supported in a vacuum jacket by two fiberglass epoxy composite trunnion mounts. The capability of the CFMF t... | LH_2 On-Orbit Storage Tank Support Trunnion Design and Verification | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_30 |
1986-01-01 | Superconducting NbN films have been deposited onto unheated substrates using a dual ion-beam technique. The NbN films produced have T_c up to 12 K and resistivities of ≳150µΩ-cm. The substrate temperature does not exceed 100 °C. TEM analysis of these films shows a random in-plane orientation of <100 Å-size grains. Elec... | Dual Ion-Beam Deposition of Superconducting NbN Films | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_75 |
1986-01-01 | A superconducting proton storage ring will be installed in a 6336 m long ring tunnel as part of a 30 GeV electrons, 820 GeV protons colliding beam facility at DESY (Hamburg). The magnets will be cooled by three refrigerators installed in a central cryogenic building. Each unit has a capacity of both 6775 W refrigeratio... | The Refrigeration System for the Superconducting Proton Ring of the Electron Proton Collider HERA | 10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_72 |
1986-01-01 | The low level signals from cryogenic sensors and transducers are usually carried to the electronic signal conditioning and data handling systems at ambient temperatures by long electrical leads running from the cryogenic environment to ambient. There are many applications, outside those using superconducting devices, i... | Cryogenic Instrumentation with Cold Electronics — a Review | 10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_135 |
1986-01-01 | The 3 m Φ × 5 m long × 1.5 T superconducting solenoid for the Fermi- lab Collider Detector has been installed at Fermilab and was tested in early 1985 with a dedicated refrigeration system. The refrigerator and 5.6−Mg magnet cold mass were cooled to 5 K in 210 hours. After testing at low currents, the magnet was charge... | Testing of the Superconducting Solenoid for the Fermilab Collider Detector | 10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_20 |
1986-01-01 | Special transfer lines were required to transport supercritical hydrogen gas at 20 K and 1.5 MPa and liquid methane at 800 K and 0.4 MPa over a distance of about 18 m, to moderator vessels sited within a concrete shielded area. The moderator vessels (1 L and 1/2 L volume respectively) are built into shielding material ... | Special Transfer Lines for the Spallation Neutron Source | 10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_114 |
1986-01-01 | This paper will include an in-depth discussion of the design, fabrication, and operation of the Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF) cryogenic system located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Each subsystem will be discussed to present a basic composite of the entire facility. | Cryogenic Systems for the Mirror Fusion Test Facility | 10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_67 |
1986-01-01 | The temperature dependence of the cohesion parameter “a” (=Ω_aRT_C ^2 /P_c) of the van der Waals equation of state has been established for predicting vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) values for hydrogen-containing systems at cryogenic conditions. Instead of using one temperature function for Ω_a of hydrogen and another ... | Prediction of VLE Values for Systems Containing Hydrogen Using the Van Der Waals Equation | 10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_131 |
1986-01-01 | A design has been developed for an SSC 6T option dipole magnet cryostat. The design criteria that defines the basic parameters and performance requirements are discussed. Details of the single phase assembly, suspension, insulation, thermal shields, vacuum vessels and interconnections are presented. Results of the expe... | The Cryostat for the SSC 6 T Magnet Option | 10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_7 |
1986-01-01 | Sam Collins was a perfect gentleman in the traditional sense. He worked without fanfare and had no time for image building. He wanted his work to speak for itself and his papers were modest descriptions of his major accomplishments. Many of his original ideas were never published; nevertheless they have served as the b... | A Tribute to Samuel C. Collins: September 28, 1898 – June 19, 1984 | 10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_1 |
1986-01-01 | Photoacoustic spectroscopy provides a method for measuring optical and thermal properties of materials in a variety of physical forms. Measurement of the sample response to modulated radiation can employ pressure transducers, sensitive temperature probes, laser beam deflection, surface displacement, and piezoelectric d... | The Characterization of Cryogenic Materials by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_56 |
1986-01-01 | X-ray absorption techniques have in recent years been developed into powerful probes of the electronic and structural properties of materials difficult to study by other techniques. In particular, the extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) technique can be applied to a variety of cryogenic materials. Three ex... | The Characterization of Cryogenic Materials by X-Ray Absorption Methods | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_57 |
1986-01-01 | The Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) is a superfluid helium cooled 85 cm telescope with three infrared instruments at the focal plane. SIRTF will establish in space a long term maintainable infrared observatory for the region of 2–700 μm. The cryogenic system can be designed to last up to six years with 1280 k... | Study of an All SFHE SIRTF Cryogenic System | 10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_99 |
1986-01-01 | The science and technology of producing a low-temperature environment is generally referred to as cryogenics. The word cryogenics has its origin in the Greek language where “cryos” means frost or cold and “gen” is a common root for the English verb to generate. Strictly speaking, cryogenics means to produce cold, yet t... | Cryogenic Principles and Applications | 10.1007/978-1-4899-0499-7_1 |
1985-10-01 | The vertical distribution of the CH_3Cl mixing ratio in the stratosphere has been measured from samples collected during two balloon flights on the 21 October 1982 and 10 September 1983. Measurements were made with two analytical techniques that were also employed for previous analyses of stratospheric samples: gas chr... | A study of the vertical distribution of methyl chloride (CH_3Cl) in the midlatitude stratosphere | 10.1007/BF00122524 |
1985-09-01 | A method is described for the reliable recovery of hybridoma cell lines from cryogenic storage. This procedure provides for (a) the efficient retrieval of cells secreting antibody for rapid confirmation of specific antibody production; (b) cells for cloning; (c) cells for restocking the liquid nitrogen storage banks; a... | A reliable method for recovering cryopreserved hybridoma cells for cloning | 10.1007/BF01665926 |
1985-09-01 | Low temperature mechanical behavior of microalloyed and controlled-rolled Fe-Mn-Al-C-X alloys | 10.1007/BF02663026 | |
1985-07-01 | A machine for thermal fatigue testing of materials in the nonuniform thermally stressed condition with cooling to cryogenic temperatures | 10.1007/BF01528484 | |
1985-06-01 | Study of gas emission from the internal chambers of cryogenic equipment | 10.1007/BF01147933 | |
1985-06-01 | We combined visual stimulation of the corticogeniculate pathway with cryogenic blockade of area 17 to examine the visual spatial structure of the cortical influence on single macaque LGN cells. Excitatory central areas surrounded by inhibitory regions and vice versa were found with equal frequency. Unstructured influen... | Evidence for spatial structure in the cortical input to the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus | 10.1007/BF00237664 |
1985-05-01 | Study of high-pressure cryogenic pumps with different methods of delivery control | 10.1007/BF01147562 | |
1985-05-01 | Resistance to deformation of structural steels exposed to current pulses and cryogenic temperatures | 10.1007/BF01524200 | |
1985-03-01 | Thermokinetic concept in determining the long-term strength of cryogenic steels by means of the microhardness method | 10.1007/BF01755930 | |
1985-01-01 | Two-circuit cryogenic system for cooling and cryostating a superconductive turbogenerator | 10.1007/BF01148292 | |
1985-01-01 | The first all-superconducting sampler, with a rise time of 26 ps, was reported by Faris in 1980 [ 1 ]. Recently, an improved version was developed by Wolf et al. with a 2.1 ps response [ 2 ]. In this approach, a Faris puiser [ 1 ] is used to superimpose a fast current spike on an unknown waveform. This sum signal is th... | Development of a Picosecond Cryo-Sampler Using Electro-Optic Techniques | 10.1007/978-3-642-70780-3_50 |
1985-01-01 | Vertical profiles of the stratospheric CCl_4, CH_3C1, CH_3CC1, C_2F_2C1_3 mixing ratios derived from two balloon flights over Southern France (44° N) in 1982 and 1983 are presented. A total of 26 air samples were collected in situ by a newly developed balloon-borne cryogenic sampler. The samples were analysed in the la... | Vertical Profiles of Chlorinated Source Gases in the Midlatitude Stratosphere | 10.1007/978-94-009-5313-0_24 |
1985-01-01 | Plant cell cultures are potential sources for the production of specific secondary compounds. These cultures are commonly maintained by continuous subculture, which includes the disadvantages of high costs, requirement of shaking capacity, risk of contamination and, above all, the possible loss of biosynthetic capacity... | Cryopreservation of Plant Cell Cultures | 10.1007/978-3-642-70717-9_31 |
1985-01-01 | The CRESU technique uses uniform supersonic jets as flow reactors and allows the determination of ion-molecule reaction rate coefficients at extremely low temperatures (down to 8 K). This technique requires an exceptional pumping capacity and a correct design of contoured axisymmetric Laval nozzles. Several reactions h... | Measurements Of Ion-Molecule Reaction Rate Coefficients Between 8 and 160 K by the Cresu Technique | 10.1007/978-94-009-5432-8_31 |
1985-01-01 | Experimental research conducted at the University of California at Berkeley indicated that plain and prestressed/reinforced lightweight concrete behaved favorably under both static and cyclic loading conditions at cryogenic temperatures. This research indicated: (1) that the mechanical properties of lightweight concret... | Static and Cyclic Behavior of Structural Lightweight Concrete at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-4-431-68284-4_47 |
1985-01-01 | During cryogenic collection of stratospheric air samples the presence of large amounts of ozone may initiate contaminating or sample altering processes, either directly in the gas phase or on surfaces. To investigate the possibility of sample alteration, a laboratory experiment was performed under simulated stratospher... | A Laboratory Test of Cryogenic Sampling of Longlived Trace Gases Under Simulated Stratospheric Conditions | 10.1007/978-94-009-5313-0_25 |
1985-01-01 | A cryocooler is a device used to produce refrigeration at very low temperatures in the cryogenic range, 0 to 120 K. | Free-Piston Stirling Cryocoolers | 10.1007/978-3-642-82526-2_9 |
1984-10-01 | Effect of medium temperature on the characteristics of closed cryogenic systems | 10.1007/BF01679105 | |
1984-10-01 | Results of a theoretical and experimental investigation are presented for liquid-vapor compositions during the boiling of binary cryogenic mixtures. Factors affecting the degree of phase nonequilibrium are set down. | Degree of nonequilibrium of the vapor and liquid phases during the boiling of binary cryogenic mixtures | 10.1007/BF00869910 |
1984-08-01 | A new dual-polarized cryogenic Schottky barrier mixer receiver for radio astronomy applications is described. Between 85 and 120 GHz, the double sideband receiver temperature, including all contributions from the polarization diplexing system, telescope coupling optics and dewar window is less than 125°K in either chan... | A very low-noise receiver for 80–120 GHz | 10.1007/BF01010018 |
1984-07-01 | New evaporators of cryogenic systems for storage and gasification | 10.1007/BF01246683 | |
1984-07-01 | New series of high-pressure pumps for cryogenic liquids | 10.1007/BF01246687 | |
1984-07-01 | Main trends in the investigation of processes in liquid cryogenic systems | 10.1007/BF01246682 | |
1984-06-01 | Life of parts of 12Kh18N10T steel at cryogenic temperatures | 10.1007/BF01320293 | |
1984-05-01 | An optical system for measuring the deformations of a flat sample in a cryogenic chamber | 10.1007/BF01529062 | |
1984-04-01 | A method is proposed for evaluating the boundary between quasistatic and dynamic regimes of vapor bubble growth and separation. The pressure boundary is evaluated on the basis of data on the boiling of cryogenic liquids and water. | Boundary of transition from quasistatic to dynamic regime of vapor bubble growth and separation | 10.1007/BF00826393 |
1984-03-01 | A hypothesis on heterogeneous nucleation in a liquid volume is used as a basis for obtaining a relation to close a system of equations which describes non equilibrium discharge. | Heterogeneous nucleation mechanism in the flow of a superheated cryogenic liquid | 10.1007/BF00831364 |
1984-02-01 | Recently we have described a new mode of IR detection which utilizes charge storage in localized levels of an extrinsic semiconductor at low temperatures. This method is based on field-assisted impurity photoionization. IR photoionization depletes the population of stored charge in localized impurity states. The integr... | IR detection by depletion of trapped charge in localized impurity states of an extrinsic semiconductor | 10.1007/BF01417650 |
1984-01-01 | The first Cryogenic Engineering Conference was held at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), Boulder, Colorado, in 1954. Timmerhaus^1 has given the early history of the NBS Cryogenic Laboratory and the Cryogenic Engineering Conference and has acknowledged the many contributions of Russell B. Scott of NBS to the early... | The Cryogenic Engineering Conference: 1954–1984 | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_1 |
1984-01-01 | The separation of synthesis gas consisting of various concentrations of hydrogen and carbon monoxide from methane and other light hydrocarbons is a major step in the manufacture of SNG from coal. Since the separation(s) must be conducted at cryogenic temperatures, it is energy intensive. Information leading to improved... | Measurement and Correlation of Isochoric P-V-T Behavior of a Binary H_2-Ch_4 Mixture from Near Ambient to Cryogenic Temperatures and Pressures to 700 ATM | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_105 |
1984-01-01 | To insure that Brookhaven’s superconducting accelerator magnets are reliable and their field quality meets accelerator requirements, each magnet is pre-tested at operating conditions after construction. MAGCOOL, the production magnet test facility, was designed to perform these tests, having the capacity to test ten ma... | Automation of a Cryogenic Facility by Commercial Process Control Computer | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_48 |
1984-01-01 | Geist and Lashmet^1 in 1959 discussed design criteria for miniature open cycle Joule-Thomson refrigerators and developed an early working model. Subsequently, several other models have been developed^2 and their utilization appears to be widespread. Despite deficiencies such as low efficiency and the requirement of a h... | A Fast Cool-Down J-T Minicryocooler | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_71 |
1984-01-01 | Excellent magnetic shielding performance at 4.2 K is required for the superconducting quantum interference devices to avoid influences of electromagnetic noises. This could be provided by a ferromagnetic shield using high permeability material. For cryogenic uses, a quaternary alloy of Ni-Fe-Mo-Cu has already been prop... | Magnetic Properties and Ferromagnetic Shielding of Ni-Fe-Mo Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9868-4_54 |
1984-01-01 | Different kinds of thermal transducers which use the thermal disturbance anemometry principle have been tested at our Institute in order to evaluate their performances as flowmeters for use in liquid helium. | Characterization of Anemometric-Type Flowmeters for Cryogenic Helium | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_101 |
1984-01-01 | Methods of optimizing location of boil-off gas cooled support and insulation heat intercepts to minimize heat leak to helium dewars are discussed. Analyses include use of separate gas streams for support and insulation cooling and the much simpler case of one stream for both purposes. Calculations are made for stainles... | Discrete Cooling of Supports and Multi-Layer Insulation in Helium Dewars | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_89 |
1984-01-01 | This paper reports measurements of the pressure and temperature differences as a function of heat flux over the length of glass microbore tubing containing He II. At low heat fluxes the fluid shows a laminar flow behavior distinguished by linear relations in temperature and pressure gradients with heat flux. High heat ... | Heat Flow in He II in Microbore Channels | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_39 |
1984-01-01 | Superconductors, materials which can carry large electrical currents without significant electrical losses, will soon live up to their name not only in static magnetic environments but in most time varying magnetic environments also. In the past, high ac losses in superconductors have limited their use to relatively lo... | Advanced Applications of Superconductors | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_15 |
1984-01-01 | An airborne system needs 120 standard cubic meters of helium to operate. The physical constraints of the system allow a volume of only 0.26 m^3 for the helium storage and supply system. This requires the helium to be stored cryogenically at 20.69 MPa and 10 K. A compact lightweight inexpensive heating system is require... | Heating Cryogenic Helium with a Solid Propellant Gas Generator | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_86 |
1984-01-01 | Austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni steels are widely used as construction materials in cryogenic systems subjected to high loads and repeated “cooling-heating” cycles. These alloys have low stacking fault energy (SFE) values. During temperature lowering the SFE decreases sharply, and in some cases this may lead to changes in dislocat... | Effect of the Structure of Fe-Cr-Ni Alloys Strained at Low Temperatures on Their Electrical Resistivity | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9868-4_57 |
1984-01-01 | The structural material used in construction of superconducting magnets requires high proof stress, toughness, and nonmagneti.sm at cryogenic temperatures. High-nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel is a candidate for this purpose, and manganese-containing stainless steels, such as 21–6–9, are considered to be... | Nitrogen-Containing 25Cr-13Ni Stainless Steel as a Cryogenic Structural Material | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9868-4_17 |
1984-01-01 | The solubility of water in cryogenic liquids, such as liquid nitrogen (LIN), liquid oxygen (LOX) and liquid methane, would be expected to be extremely low and undetectable according to normal theories of solution^1, 2. Following indications by unstable surface evaporation phenomena, recent work at Southampton Universit... | The High Solubility of Water in Liquid Nitrogen and Other Cryogenic Liquids | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_113 |
1984-01-01 | Commercial helium refrigeration/liquefaction systems are based on the same throttling Joule-Thomson expansion process used by Linde to liquefy air in 1895^1: the expansion of a precooled high pressure gas to form liquid at the low pressure. The unusually low triple point of helium precludes the simple counterflow heat ... | An Optimum Cold end Configuration for Helium Liquefaction Cycles | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_55 |
1984-01-01 | Industrial applications of cryogens motivates the need to develop stress analysis techniques suitable for these conditions. Non-contacting optical techniques are attractive as they are unaffected by thermal expansion, magnetic fields or the hostile environment of the cryogen. This paper extends holographic-moiré and Yo... | Photomechanical Stress Analysis Under Cryogenic Environments | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9868-4_14 |
1984-01-01 | In recent years there has been increasing interest in raising refrigeration efficiency and capacity in cycles which produce cooling below 4.2 K. It is, of course, desirable to be able to produce the required subatmospheric pressure efficiently in the system. | Combined Cold Compressor/Ejector Helium Refrigerator Cycle | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_56 |
1984-01-01 | Composite materials can be given almost mechanical characteristics by choosing suitable components and manufacturing process. This advantage, however, is also a disadvantage in practical applications; that is, composite materials show large scatter in mechanical behavior from material to material, and hence it is diffi... | Acoustic Emission from Composite Materials at Low Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9868-4_4 |
1984-01-01 | Woven-fabric composites are used in superconducting magnets and to contain of cryogenic liquids. These materials provide thermal and electrical insulation and can be subjected to large mechanical and thermal loads. Previous studies^1,2 on woven-fabric composites predicted internal stresses for mechanical loads at room ... | Stiffness and Internal Stresses of Woven-Fabric Composites at Low Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9868-4_1 |
1984-01-01 | The Heavy Ion Spectrometer System (HISS) relies upon superconducting coils of cryostable design to provide a particle bending field of 3 tesla. A previous paper described^1 the cryogenic facility including helium refrigeration and gas management. This paper discusses a control strategy which has allowed full time unatt... | Control and Operation Cost Optimization of the Hiss Cryogenic System | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_40 |
1984-01-01 | Natural Gas Technology | 10.1007/978-94-009-5634-6_9 | |
1984-01-01 | Unexpected and sometimes hazardous variations in evaporation rate (boil-off) appear to be a feature of the storage behaviour of cryogenic liquids. For the purpose of this paper “cryogenic liquids” include all liquids boiling at temperatures below ambient, i.e. LPG, LNG, LIN, LOX, LH_2, LHe etc. | Thermal Overfill, and the Surface Vaporisation of Cryogenic Liquids under Storage Conditions | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_90 |
1984-01-01 | Cryogenics is widely used in the life sciences in today’s world. In China, biomedical applications of cryogenics have grown to become an important branch of science and a series of encouraging results has been produced.^1–3 Cryogenic techniques deserve emphasis as excellent alternatives for certain problems which are e... | Biomedical Applications of Cryogenics in China | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_115 |
1984-01-01 | An important structural component of the Westinghouse Large Coil Program (LCP) superconducting magnet is the JBK-75 (modified A-286) stainless steel conductor sheath. This sheath is basically a welded pipe that encloses a bundle of superconducting cables. The JBK-75 conductor sheath also acts as a containment vessel fo... | Cryogenic Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Properties of JBK-75 Base and Autogenous Gas Tungsten Arc Weld Metal | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9868-4_41 |
1984-01-01 | As is widely known, in 1971 an accident occurred at the LNG terminal in La Spezia^1, Italy, in which a sharp increase in the quantity of boil off gas was observed in a storage tank. This phenomenon was called rollover and several analytical methods for predicting rollover time and peak boil off gas rate were proposed. ... | Rollover Test in LNG Storage Tank and Simulation Model | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_91 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.