publicationDate stringlengths 10 10 | abstract stringlengths 0 37.3k | title stringlengths 1 5.74k | doi stringlengths 11 47 ⌀ |
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1984-01-01 | Compression-compression fatigue behavior of a glass fibercloth reinforcement epoxy composite at 300K and 77K is discussed in terms of the temperature (T) — cycles to failure (N) relationship, reliability, and damage initiation and growth. Some of the findings are as follows: the stress amplitude and number of cycles to... | Fatigue of Glass-Epoxy Composite at 77K and 300K: Observation and Prediction | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9868-4_3 |
1984-01-01 | To find the electrical resistivity of a metallic wire, one begins by measuring the potential difference V across a length of the wire L, when a current I is passed through it. According to Ohm’s Law, the ratio V/I is the electrical resistance R of the wire. In the general case, R is a tensor--that is, its value depends... | Electrical Resistivity of Metals and Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures: A Review | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9868-4_51 |
1984-01-01 | Taking advantage of the recent advances in electronics we have developed a resistance thermometry system for the cryogenic environment of Fermilab’s Energy Saver Accelerator that fits in a natural way with its microcomputer based control logic. The system is based on measuring the voltage across a sensing resistor imme... | Pulsed Current Resistance Thermometry | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_99 |
1984-01-01 | The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) is the first space telescope to perform observations in the far infrared from orbit. IRAS was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on January 25, 1983 into a 900 km orbit. The satellite is surveying the entire sky in four bands covering the wavelengths from 8 to 120 microme... | IRAS Cryogenic System Flight Performance Report | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_74 |
1984-01-01 | Material science plays the leading role in modern cryogenic engineering. Fabrication of new types of structures requires the use of steels and alloys possessing high strength under various loading conditions. | Progress in Cryostructural Materials and their Welding in the USSR | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9868-4_33 |
1984-01-01 | The 1000 MVA Superconducting Power Transmission Cable Test Facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory is the world’s highest power demonstration of the application of superconductivity to electric utility engineering. The major purpose of the facility is to evaluate and demonstrate the performance of flexible cables, t... | Cryo-Electric Testing of a 1000 MVA Superconducting Power Transmission System | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_13 |
1984-01-01 | Currently the most economical method for long distance intercontinental movement of natural gas is liquefaction and transportation by sea. Using this mode there is always the possibility that a liquefied-gas carrier could get into difficulties, and as part of the contingency for this situation, Shell Research Limited h... | The Analysis and Development of a Floating LNG Emergency Transfer Hose | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_96 |
1984-01-01 | In many of the studies previously reported, high pressure vapor-liquid equilibria have been calculated by applying equations of state. The method for calculating the vapor-liquid equilibria using two-parameter cubic equations of state is simple and widely applied in practice^1–3. To predict high pressure vapor-liquid e... | Prediction of High Pressure Vapor-Liquid Equilibria with a Mixing Rule Using the Asog Group Contribution Method | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_112 |
1984-01-01 | The trend toward the use of higher field superconducting magnets is creating the need for strong, tough structural materials to restrain the high magnetic forces. Austenitic and high-N austenitic stainless steels are considered for such uses because of their high strength and good toughness, combined with high Young’s ... | The Temperature Dependence of the Tensile Yield Strength of Selected Austenitic Steels | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9868-4_32 |
1984-01-01 | A substantial effort at KMS Fusion is in the area of Direct Illumination Spherical Target Experiments with the recent emphasis in understanding thermal and superthermal transport and the mechanisms which can limit high convergence ratio implosions. These processes must be well understood in order to do effective target... | Direct Illumination Spherical Target Experiments | 10.1007/978-1-4615-7332-6_44 |
1984-01-01 | Structural materials for large superconducting magnets of the next tokamak fusion reactors should have high yield strength with sufficient toughness at cryogenic temperatures. According to Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute^1 for example, the yield strength and the fracture toughness required are specified to be mo... | Mechanical Properties of High Yield Strength High Manganese Steels at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9868-4_19 |
1984-01-01 | The testing of the properties of packed-partiele beds and regenerators at cryogenic temperatures as low as 4 K is an essential part of the magnetic refrigeration research and development program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. We envision magnetic refrigeration and heat pump systems operating in various ranges f... | Experiment to Determine Properties of Packed Particle Beds and Regenerators at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_69 |
1984-01-01 | During the last eight years there has been enormous upsurge of interest in these materials and it is perhaps an appropriate moment to speculate as to their possible applications in cryogenic engineering. | Metallic Glasses | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9868-4_48 |
1984-01-01 | Enthalpy values for pure components and mixtures are important in process design calculations. This study concerns the calculation of excess enthalpies, H^E, for binary gaseous mixtures of cryogenic interest by means of an equation of state. Since excess properties are usually very sensitive to the variation of mole fr... | Calculation of Excess Enthalpies of Mixing for Binary Gaseous Mixtures | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_110 |
1984-01-01 | Storage | 10.1007/978-94-009-5634-6_11 | |
1984-01-01 | The importance of thermophysical properties data for fluids involved in cryogenic processing is generally recognized within the engineering community. Cryogenic fluid properties have played significant roles in the development of technologies in such areas as follow: aerospace program, air separation plants, liquefied ... | Status of Thermophysical Properties Data for Pure Fluids and Mixtures of Cryogenic Interest | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9865-3_104 |
1984-01-01 | The SN-transition, measured resistively on Nb_3Ge films, often exhibits a rather broad interval ∆T_C between onset and fully superconducting state. Measurements with variable separation d of the voltage probes down to 1 mm showed^1, that large scale inhomogeneities of the material are at least in part responsible for t... | Local Investigation of Superconducting Transition of Nb_3Ge Films | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9868-4_71 |
1983-12-01 | Intensity of heat transfer in thermostatic control of cryogenic equipment with supercritical helium | 10.1007/BF01149002 | |
1983-12-01 | Stiffness of composite rods based on boron-reinforced plastic at room and cryogenic temperatures | 10.1007/BF01523167 | |
1983-12-01 | An estimate of fracture toughness of crosslinked polybutadiene rubber at — 180° C has been made using the double torsion method. By using suitable specimen dimensions and strain rates, controlled crack propagation can be achieved, together with a constant compliance to crack length ratio. Strain energy release rates fo... | Fracture toughness of polybutadiene at cryogenic temperatures | 10.1007/BF00540750 |
1983-11-01 | Arrays of six superconducting tunnel junctions have been used in a heterodyne receiver over the frequency range 35–50 GHz. The mixer array and a 3.7–4.2 GHz parametric amplifier used as the if amplifier are immersed in liquid helium and operated at 2 K. The high if allows single sideband operation with a system noise t... | A low noise SIS array receiver for radioastronomical applications in the 35–50 GHz band | 10.1007/BF01009311 |
1983-08-01 | The most important operating parameters of a commercial purge and trap GC apparatus have been investigated. Band broadening problems arising from the slow desorption of compounds from the Tenax trap have been overcome by cryogenic focussing at the beginning of the column. Good results have been obtained with both packe... | A study of some of the parameters in purge and trap gas chromatography | 10.1007/BF02262922 |
1983-07-01 | The size of a conical cavity characterizing the start of boiling is estimated on the basis of analyzing the stability of a nucleus of vapor in such a cavity. | Conditions for boiling start in cryogenic liquids | 10.1007/BF00845440 |
1983-04-01 | Combined action of microwave irradiation and local cooling on living tissues | 10.1007/BF00838879 | |
1983-01-01 | Cryogenics began in 1877 when L. Kalete observed the transition of oxygen from the gaseous to the liquid state. Small systems for liquefaction of air were developed by Linde and Hampson in 1895, working independently, but the broad development of cryocoolers came much later and especially after World War II. | Cryogenic Engineering and Cryocooler Development in the USSR | 10.1007/978-1-4684-4430-8_6 |
1983-01-01 | Metrological evaluation of the conversion characteristics of turbine flowmeters working with cryogenic liquids | 10.1007/BF00827572 | |
1983-01-01 | In the field of high-energy physics, large-scale high-energy particle accelerators are either under construction or planning, where the “Wind-and-React” process is possibly applied to employ Nb_3Sn superconductor instead of NbTi for the production of over five-tesla-class superconducting magnet. This process necessitat... | Cryogenic Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels for Superconducting Magnet | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3730-0_7 |
1983-01-01 | The extensive use of austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni alloys in cryogenic engineering and space investigations necessitates the study of the strength and plastic properties of these materials at low temperatures. One of the most important properties of metastable stainless Fe-Cr-Ni alloys is the martensitic transformation, which oc... | The Influence of Martensitic Transformation on Strength and Plasticity of Fe-Cr-Ni Alloy Single Crystals | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3730-0_4 |
1983-01-01 | The austenitic stainless steels are Fe-Cr alloys with sufficient nickel and manganese (and sometimes nitrogen) to stabilize austenite, a face-centered cubic (f.c.c.) phase. Chromium provides corrosion resistance. The most typical austenitic stainless steels are variations of the 18Cr-9Ni alloy. Although none of the com... | The Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3730-0_1 |
1983-01-01 | Standards for the stress analysis of thin-walled shell structures in cryogenic engineering | 10.1007/BF01523419 | |
1982-12-01 | Short-term strength of boron plastic-reinforced tubular samples under room and cryogenic temperature conditions | 10.1007/BF00768652 | |
1982-09-01 | New cryogenic alloys: The Fe−Mn−Al system | 10.1007/BF02892364 | |
1982-09-01 | An investigation was undertaken to examine the effects of nine different growth regulators on growth in vitro of shoot cultures of the semi-dwarfing cherry rootstock Colt ( Prunus avium × P. pseudocerasus ). The effects of each supplement on shoot extension and proliferation and also leaf and callus production were not... | Effect of various growth regulators on growth in vitro of cherry shoot tips | 10.1007/BF00037000 |
1982-08-01 | A one-dimensional model is used to calculate the parameters of a two-phase flow and generalize test data on discharge coefficients. | Study of the drag of a throttle in the film boiling of a cryogenic liquid flowing in a horizontal pipe | 10.1007/BF00825006 |
1982-08-01 | Criteria are obtained for the ambiguity of HDC of boiling channels which allow for local inlet and outlet drag. Results of calculations presented for the most commonly used cryogens indicate the possible ambiguity of the HDC. | Ambiguity of the hydrodynamic characteristics (HDC) of boiling channels in cryogenic units | 10.1007/BF00825007 |
1982-06-01 | A procedure for prolonged cryogenic storage of periwinkle cell cultures is described. Cells derived from periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, and subcultured as suspension in 1-B5C nutrient medium have been frozen, stored in liquid nitrogen (−196°C) for 11 weeks, thawed and recultured. Maximal survival was achi... | Cryopreservation of periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus cells cultured in vitro | 10.1007/BF00269181 |
1982-05-01 | The process of chilling parallel cryogenic pipes by a uniflow stream is analyzed with heat transfer between them taken into account. | Peculiarities of chilling an array of parallel cryogenic pipes | 10.1007/BF00824935 |
1982-04-01 | Monte Carlo calculations have been performed to obtain estimates of the background gas pressure and molecular number density as a function of position in the PDX-prototype neutral beam injector, which has undergone testing at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Estimates of these quantities together with the transient a... | Monte Carlo simulation of molecular flow in a neutral beam injector and comparison with experiment | 10.1007/BF01054582 |
1982-01-01 | The applied forces to the component materials of a superconducting magnet turn to varied and complex form accompanied with increase in magnet size and/or pulsative mode of operation. These materials are required to withstand the varied forces and show sufficient performance at cryogenic temperatures. It is important, t... | Impact Tests of Reinforced Plastics at Low Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3542-9_25 |
1982-01-01 | National Bureau of Standards personnel are continuing to work with magnet fabricators and with representatives of the U.S. laminating industry to establish standard grades of nonmetallic insulator and structural support materials for use in critical parts of magnetic fusion energy (MFE) cryogenic systems. Standardized ... | Current Status of Standardized Nonmetallic Cryogenic Laminates | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3542-9_26 |
1982-01-01 | The ultimate strength and yield strength of the majority of steels and alloys at cryogenic temperatures increase with a decrease in temperature. This is characteristic mainly of the widely used austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic steels. The design of vessels for storage of cryogenic liquids is erroneously based on s... | The Use of Low-Temperature Strengthening of Steels in Welded Cryogenic Structural Codes | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3542-9_14 |
1982-01-01 | Possibility of increasing the working pressure in cryogenic vessels | 10.1007/BF01179052 | |
1982-01-01 | Thomas and King^1 reported in 1975 that the presence in polyethylene of certain antioxidants of the substituted phenol type caused a dielectric relaxation at 4.2 K. Although peak loss factor occurred at several kHz, the loss enhancement at 50–60 Hz was significant in view of the possible use of polyethylene tapes for t... | Dielectric Loss Due to Antioxidants in Polyolefins | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3365-4_8 |
1982-01-01 | During 1977 and early 1978 Horizon Exploration Ltd, (formerly S & E Geophysical Ltd.) carried out a project to evaluate the effectiveness of a new marine seismic energy source. The new source known as a “water gun” was compared with the results obtained from the conventional “air gun” energy source. | 3rd Round Projects | 10.1007/978-94-009-7371-8_3 |
1982-01-01 | The technology of composite materials is presently at the state that metals technology was before being systematized by the establishment of industry standards. It is difficult to imagine working in metals technology in the United States without the ability to associate performance with designations such as 304L for st... | Standardizing Nonmetallic Composite Materials for Cryogenic Applications | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3365-4_22 |
1982-01-01 | After the thorough representation of the theoretical fundamentals of parametric circuits, we shall now give a short survey of the various fields of practical applications. With respect to current developments, we shall confine ourselves to examples of amplifiers and converters which have been developed and built during... | Applications of Parametric Circuits | 10.1007/978-3-642-67937-7_9 |
1982-01-01 | The reaction of a composite system to a service load is a complex function of the physical and mechanical properties of its components (matrix and reinforcement); the relative directionality of the applied loads versus the geometry of the reinforcement (anisotropy effect); the magnitude of the applied loads, and the ra... | Characterization of Glass-Reinforced Composites for Cryogenic Applications | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3542-9_20 |
1982-01-01 | The reasons why the expected performance of superconducting magnets is not easily achieved are because of instabilities such as training and degradation. Impregnation or potting techniques have been employed in order to modify such instabilities. Epoxide resin has been selected in this work from the range of impregnati... | Lap Test of Epoxide Resin at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3365-4_11 |
1982-01-01 | Advanced structural composites reinforced with boron, graphite, or aramid fibers have unique mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties that make them attractive alternatives for metals in many cryogenic applications. A most promising application is the structure of the central solenoid of the poloidal field system... | Mechanical Performance of Graphite- and Aramid-Reinforced Composites at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3542-9_16 |
1982-01-01 | A superconductive energy storage magnet requires a large quantity of low-thermal-conductive, high-load-carrying supporting structures to carry the radial and axial compressive loads from the 1.8 K magnet coils to room temperature bedrock.^1–3 Engineering data is needed on low cost commercial composites for struts to be... | The Strain Energy Release Rate of a Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyester Composite | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3365-4_15 |
1982-01-01 | This paper presents two contributions to the development of the in situ process for production of high-field Nb_3Sn-Cu supercoducting wire. First, in the utilization of multidie drawing equipment for reduction of Cu-Nb alloy castings to wire size, even though the alloy is quite ductile, it is desirable to utilize some ... | Development of Cryostabilized Nb_3Sn-Cu Superconducting Wire Using the In Situ Process | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3542-9_52 |
1982-01-01 | The design of large, 6-m diameter, composite aluminum-fiber- glass epoxy pressure vessels for the transportation of liquefied natural gas (LNG) at intermediate temperature is presented. The pressure vessels are designed to have an operating pressure range of up to 6.21 MPa (900 psi) and pressure-to-burst ratio close to... | Composite Aluminum-Fiberglass Epoxy Pressure Vessels for Transportation of LNG at Intermediate Temperature | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3542-9_91 |
1982-01-01 | It is commonly observed that bronze-processed Nb_3Sn composites (internal diffusion, external diffusion, or in situ ) have a super-conducting critical temperature (T_C) that rises as reaction time increases at any reaction temperature until a maximum value is finally reached. This has been explained by some as a reduct... | The Layer Thickness Dependence of the Transition Temperature in Niobium-Tin | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3542-9_40 |
1982-01-01 | The many modern large-scale applications of cryogenics, from superconducting magnets for fusion research to LNG tankers, have been supported by materials that were usually adequate for the task and that appeared usually just in time. This is, of course, not accidental. It is probably fair to say that all significant pr... | Low-Temperature Materials Research: A Historical Perspective | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3542-9_1 |
1982-01-01 | In an associated paper,^1 cryogenic fatigue fracture of glass-fiber-reinforced composites subjected to in-phase, biaxial cyclic stresses has been studied. Both the fatigue fracture life and associated failure mechanisms in the composites have been examined. It has been discussed^2 that in many cryogenic engineering app... | Degradation of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures, Part II—Multiaxial Fatigue | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3542-9_19 |
1982-01-01 | The project was dedicated to Research and Development of a Correlator Stacker for a large number of channels mainly designed to operate in VIBROSEIS TM geophysical crews. | 4th Round Projects | 10.1007/978-94-009-7371-8_4 |
1982-01-01 | Extremely large superconducting magnets have been recognised as essential in projects such as energy storage or fusion. The increase in size and pulsative operation of such magnets makes applied forces in components complex and varied. It is important, therefore, to elucidate the behaviour of each magnet component agai... | Charpy Impact Test of Cloth Reinforced Epoxide Resin at Low Temperature | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3365-4_18 |
1982-01-01 | A conductor using flowing supercritical helium as a coolant has been adopted for the superconducting magnet being built by the Airco-Westinghouse industrial team for the Large Coil Program (LCP) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This conductor utilizes the “rope in a pipe” concept in which a large number of superconduc... | The Trials and Tribulations of Fabricating the Pipe for the “Rope in a Pipe” Nb_3Sn Superconductor | 10.1007/978-1-4613-3542-9_75 |
1981-09-01 | We report here the first results obtained by cooling a submillimeter quasioptical mixer, utilizing a Schottky diode in a corner reflector mixer structure. Measurements have been carried out at a wavelength of 434 microns. The diode inverse slope parameter V_o at low current decreases by a factor of 3 upon cooling to 50... | Cryogenic operation of submillimeter quasioptical mixers | 10.1007/BF01006938 |
1981-06-01 | Use of reliability increase models to estimate the reliability of cryogenic systems | 10.1007/BF01148020 | |
1981-05-01 | Investigation of the performance of a bubble cryogenic gasifier | 10.1007/BF01159272 | |
1981-05-01 | Improved tips for gynecological cryogenic probes for the treatment of pretumorous disease in the cervix of the uterus | 10.1007/BF00572218 | |
1981-04-01 | 1. The elasticity modulus of unidirectional GRPs VIII and X decreases by 15%, on the average, with decreasing temperature from room to 4.2 °K. In this temperature range the Young's modulus of unreinforced bonding agent ÉDT-10 increases by a factor of three. 2. The ultimate strength of GRPs I-XI in tension, compression,... | Mechanical properties of some glass-reinforced plastics at low temperature | 10.1007/BF00762501 |
1981-01-01 | Cryogenic liquids are being used as the active media for an increasing number of nonlinear optical devices. Results have been reported on stimulated Raman oscillators and amplifiers[1–4], third-harmonic generators[5], four-wave difference frequency generators[6, 7] and infrared Kerr switches.[8] Photo-acoustic and phot... | Nonlinear Optics of Cryogenic Liquids | 10.1007/978-3-540-38609-4_16 |
1980-12-01 | A glass column containing a porous polymer was used to concen-trate headspace volatiles from enzymatically mediated reactions and inserted directly into the injection port of a gas liquid chromatog-raphy (GLC) for elution and separation of adsorbed volatiles. The polymer column was placed in an entrainment system attac... | A preconcentration and subsequent gas liquid chromatographic analysis method for trace volatiles | 10.1007/BF02678925 |
1980-10-01 | Dependences to compute the cooling time of a single-channel object are obtained theoretically and confirmed experimentally. | Time to cool a cryogenic object by a gaseous cryogenic agent | 10.1007/BF00822136 |
1980-09-01 | Cryogenic vacuum pump | 10.1007/BF01148200 | |
1980-09-01 | Published data are examined and results are given from a survey of experiments on phase slip and heat transfer to liquids. | Phase slip and heat transfer to the liquid in film boiling of a cryogenic liquid in piston flow | 10.1007/BF00825919 |
1980-07-01 | Development of cryogenic systems based on cryogenic helium machines | 10.1007/BF01155953 | |
1980-07-01 | Improvement in schemes of cryogenic helium systems for cryostating of superconducting devices | 10.1007/BF01155950 | |
1980-07-01 | Design of highly efficient heat exchangers for cryogenic helium installations | 10.1007/BF01155952 | |
1980-07-01 | Perforated-plate heat exchangers for cryogenic helium units | 10.1007/BF01155954 | |
1980-03-01 | Laminar-vacuum heat insulation of cryogenic equipment based on glass paper made of microthin fiber | 10.1007/BF01155681 | |
1980-03-01 | Storage features of cryogenic liquids | 10.1007/BF01155679 | |
1980-01-01 | The period since World War II has been a very troubled one, but one of great economic and industrial expansion throughout the world. One consequence has been an exponential growth in the use of metals and other mineral-derived raw materials, and that growth has raised the question of whether the mineral requirements of... | Materials Resource Considerations for Cryogenic Engineering | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9859-2_1 |
1980-01-01 | Some cryogenic systems, such as superconducting magnetic energy storage and superconducting generators, require load-bearing supports to transfer forces to a room temperature (warm) structure. It is necessary to minimize the refrigeration power required to overcome heat leaks through the supports in order to improve sy... | Minimization of Refrigeration Power for Large Cryogenic Systems | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_41 |
1980-01-01 | “Cryogenics” is a derivative from the Greek word Kryos meaning icy cold. There is no single temperature, at this date, that defines the beginning of the cryogenic region. Often temperatures of −73°C and colder are referred to as cryogenic, although this paper recognizes −50°C and colder as fitting the definition. Where... | Cryogenic Processing | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9859-2_6 |
1980-01-01 | Magnetic fusion reactors, equilibrium coils, and ohmic heating coils require large pulses of energy which are repeated over relatively short periods of time. Accelerator magnets fabricated with normal conductors or superconductors have similar operating conditions, the same pulse time, and require almost the same amoun... | Energy Transfer in a System of Superconductive Magnets | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_7 |
1980-01-01 | The Cryogenic Engineering Section of the Superconducting Power Transmission Line Project at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory has been evaluating the performance of force-flow heat transfer systems. This includes the measurement of temperature profiles[^1], thermal pulse transmittal rates [^2] and the thermal perfor... | Experience with an Orifice Flow Meter Installed in a Helium Refrigerator | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_60 |
1980-01-01 | The movement of energy via pipeline is one of the cheapest methods of energy transmission, and since the system is buried underground, it is also acceptable environmentally. | Transmission and Distribution of Hydrogen | 10.1007/978-1-349-02635-7_3 |
1980-01-01 | Linen-base phenolic laminate is inexpensive, has high compressive mechanical strength, and can be easily fabricated. It has been widely used for substructures in large bubble-chamber magnets [^1] and large magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) magnets [^2,3] | Low-Temperature Measurement of the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Phenolic Laminate, the Pultruded Polyester Fiberglass, and A & B Epoxy Putty | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9859-2_30 |
1980-01-01 | The TPC experiment at PEP is one of several colliding beam experiments which use thin superconducting solenoid magnets. The CELLO experiment at PETRA in Hamburg, Germany and a detector for the ISR at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland use superconductors with an aluminum matrix[^1–3]. The TPC magnet and a magnet to be used at... | Construction and Testing of the Two-Meter-Diameter TPC Thin Superconducting Solenoid | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_22 |
1980-01-01 | The joints between single-core conductors [^1–3] and the joints between monolithic, copper-stabilized, multifilamentary Nb-Ti conductors [^4–6] have been investigated. In the past at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.) coils have been terminated by individually soldering each strand to a copper lug. In this ... | Monolithic Terminations for Multistrand Nb-Ti and Nb_3Sn Cables | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9859-2_72 |
1980-01-01 | Thermal properties of superfluid helium have been studied for more than 30 years; now they are being utilized in numerous laboratories investigating specific applications of superconductivity. One of the properties of great importance is its high thermal conductivity, which makes the liquid heat capacity of a cooling b... | Control of Pressurized Superfluid Helium-II: Application to Loss Analysis | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_64 |
1980-01-01 | Vapor—liquid equilibrium (VLE) values for mixtures containing hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane are of interest to the gasification industry, especially in the purification of coke oven gases. There are three possible combinations of these four components to form hydrogen-containing ternary mixtures, nam... | Phase Behavior of Three Hydrogen-Containing Ternary Systems | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_75 |
1980-01-01 | In a large superconducting magnet, such as the superconducting magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) dipole system for the National Coal-Fired Flow Facility (CFFF SCMS) at the University of Tennessee Space Institute (UTSI), the conductor joints must be strong, highly reliable, of low resistance, reproducible, and made with reason... | Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Resistance Welds at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9859-2_73 |
1980-01-01 | This paper describes the development of exergy—enthalpy thermodynamic charts for helium and nitrogen. The thermodynamic properties for nitrogen were generated from the Bender equation of state, while an equation developed by McCarty was used for helium. Special computer programs were developed to plot thermodynamic dia... | The Construction and Use of Exergy Diagrams | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_79 |
1980-01-01 | The current plan for the Fermilab superconducting synchrotron (energy doubler) calls for the installation of approximately 1000 superconducting magnets in the 6-km tunnel of the main ring accelerator. Its 3 x 10^8-J emergency energy dump system [^1] is based on “safety leads” between 4 and 300 K situated after every fi... | Safety Leads | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_34 |
1980-01-01 | The Argonne National Laboratory, under the sponsorship of the Fossil Energy Division of the U. S. Department of Energy, has designed and is constructing a 6-T, 0.8-m minimum warm bore superconducting dipole magnet system for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) research. The system will be installed and operated at the University... | Cryogenic Aspects of the UTSI-CFFF Superconducting Dipole Magnet for MHD Research | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_4 |
1980-01-01 | Previous investigations [^1,2] have considered cryogenic metal treatment to improve the resistance of the material to wear and extend the useful life of machine parts. Service tests on several machine elements indicated that significant increases in part life could be achieved by soaking the part in liquid nitrogen tem... | Cryogenic Treatment of AISI-T8 and C1045 Steels | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9859-2_17 |
1980-01-01 | The results of a series of low-temperature magnetic and calorimetric studies relating to the magnetic character of austenitic stainless steels are summarized and discussed. Twelve members of both the AISI 300 series and the proprietary Nitronic series, as well as other alloys, have been investigated from time to time i... | The Magnetic Character of Austenitic Stainless Steels | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9859-2_3 |
1980-01-01 | The superconducting magnet CELLO was tested with currents up to 3200 A at Saclay and has been installed at DESY in Hamburg where it will be used for particle physics experiments requiring colliding beams of electrons and positrons. The testing of this unique, large, one-layer solenoid provides an excellent opportunity ... | Quenches in the Superconducting Magnet Cello | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_21 |
1980-01-01 | In cryogenic gas processing, one of the process constraints can be the precipitation of solid carbon dioxide in the processing streams. The collection of solid carbon dioxide at strategic points in the process can significantly disrupt or completely destroy the effective operation of a process plant by changing its hyd... | Prediction of CO_2 Solubility in Light Hydrocarbon Mixtures at Low Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_72 |
1980-01-01 | The U. S. Air Force is currently developing electrical generators for a variety of airborne applications requiring high-power and high-voltage capability [^1]. The airborne environment imposes severe constraints on volume and weight which make a superconducting generator an attractive approach owing to its small size a... | Cryogenic Support System for Airborne Superconducting Generators | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_39 |
1980-01-01 | For the production of synthetic natural gas (SNG), oxygen and steam have been proposed to gasify coal in first- and second-generation coal gasification processes. Because of the high capital cost associated with oxygen and steam production, efforts have been made to reduce or eliminate the oxygen and steam requirements... | Purification and Cryogenic Separation of SNG Produced from Coal | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_86 |
1980-01-01 | The superconducting magnet system (SCMS) consists of a superconducting magnet, magnet cryostat, a helium refrigerator/liquefier facility, a helium gas-handling system, apparatus for cryogenic transfer and storage, a magnet power supply, an integrated instrumentation and control system including a computer for magnet op... | Final Design of a Superconducting MHD Magnet for the Coal-Fired Flow Facility at the University of Tennessee Space Institute | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_3 |
1980-01-01 | Friction is the resistance to movement of contacting surfaces. Wear is the surface degradation and material loss that result from mechanical interaction. Friction and wear are closely associated, but there is no direct relationship. Thus, high friction implies high wear, but the conditions leading to minimum friction f... | A Review of Antifriction Materials and Design for Cryogenic Environments | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9859-2_5 |
1980-01-01 | A study was recently made [^1] on the representation of pure-component properties by the variants of the van der Waals [^2] and the Redlich—Kwong (RK) [^3] equations of state. These variants were obtained by modifying the repulsive term of these equations with an appropriate analytical expression of the hard-sphere com... | Simple and Generalized Equation of State for Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Calculations | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9856-1_77 |
1980-01-01 | Aluminum and its alloys do not undergo abrupt transitions to a brittle state at low temperatures, and their ultimate strengths, yield strengths, and elongations at low temperatures are generally about as high or higher than those at room temperature. Aluminum alloys also possess good weldability and corrosion resistanc... | Fracture of Al-Mg6-Mn Plates and Welds at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9859-2_22 |
1980-01-01 | Interlaminar shear (ILS) strength is the load-carrying capacity of a layered filamentary composite under shear forces parallel to the layers. The term “strength” is commonly applied to a material. Actually, it is the property of a structure made from that material. A strength test is a structural test. By convention, h... | A Study of Interlaminar Shear Strength at Cryogenic Temperatures | 10.1007/978-1-4613-9859-2_27 |
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